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Tooth eruption is an essential process for the development of the oral and maxillofacial system. Several inherited and acquired diseases might affect this tightly regulated process, resulting in premature, delayed, or even failed tooth eruption. The purpose of this article is to review the literature and the clinical parameters of metabolic bone diseases that affect tooth eruption. It examines the physiological aspects of tooth eruption and the pathophysiological changes induced by metabolic bone diseases, including changes in bone metabolism, density, and structure. The search strategy for this review included an electronic search in PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library using the following keywords: "metabolic bone diseases", "tooth eruption", "delayed tooth eruption", and each reported disease in combination with "tooth eruption disorders", covering publications up to March 2024 and limited to English-language sources. Understanding the influence of metabolic bone diseases on tooth eruption is crucial for managing both dental and skeletal manifestations associated with these disorders. This review suggests that a multidisciplinary approach to treatment may significantly improve oral outcomes for patients suffering from such conditions. Clinicians should be aware of the specific dental abnormalities that may arise and consider comprehensive evaluations and individualized treatment plans. These findings underscore the need for further research into targeted therapies that address these abnormalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of delayed development and eruption of permanent maxillary first molars (U6) and associated dental anomalies in a sample of Saudi children. Material and methods: In total, 10,232 panoramic radiographs from 9,672 patients were screened for delayed U6 eruption. Radiographs showing delayed U6 eruption were further examined for associated dental anomalies. The dental age of participants was estimated using The London Atlas of Human Tooth Development and Eruption. Result: Twenty cases of delayed U6 eruption were found, with a prevalence of 0.2%. Of these patients, 3 and 17 were males and females, respectively; 9 and 11 cases were unilateral and bilateral, respectively. Congenital absence of the adjacent permanent second molar was observed in 8 cases, and the congenital absence of permanent teeth, except the adjacent second permanent molar and third molar, was observed in 6 cases. Peg-shaped lateral incisors were observed in 6 females. No significant associations were observed between delayed U6 eruption and dental anomalies. Overall, the average delayed U6 eruption was 2.3 years for males and 2.8 years for females. Conclusion: Among a sample of Saudi children, the prevalence of delayed U6 eruption was 1 in 483 (0.2%) and five times higher in females. No significant associations were found between delayed U6 eruption and dental anomalies; however, congenital absence of the adjacent permanent second molar was observed in 40% of cases.

Enamel renal gingival syndrome is a rare clinical condition characterized by the presence of amelogenesis imperfecta hypoplastic type, gingival fibromatosis and delayed tooth eruption, in addition to nephrocalcinosis with normal blood calcium levels. It is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait caused by mutations in the FAM20A gene located on chromosome 17q24.2. The purpose of this report is to describe a case of enamel renal gingival syndrome and discuss its distinct features and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of delayed development and eruption of permanent maxillary first molars (U6) and associated dental anomalies in a sample of Saudi children. In total, 10,232 panoramic radiographs from 9,672 patients were screened for delayed U6 eruption. Radiographs showing delayed U6 eruption were further examined for associated dental anomalies. The dental age of participants was estimated using The London Atlas of Human Tooth Development and Eruption. Twenty cases of delayed U6 eruption were found, with a prevalence of 0.2%. Of these patients, 3 and 17 were males and females, respectively; 9 and 11 cases were unilateral and bilateral, respectively. Congenital absence of the adjacent permanent second molar was observed in 8 cases, and the congenital absence of permanent teeth, except the adjacent second permanent molar and third molar, was observed in 6 cases. Peg-shaped lateral incisors were observed in 6 females. No significant associations were observed between delayed U6 eruption and dental anomalies. Overall, the average delayed U6 eruption was 2.3 years for males and 2.8 years for females. Among a sample of Saudi children, the prevalence of delayed U6 eruption was 1 in 483 (0.2%) and five times higher in females. No significant associations were found between delayed U6 eruption and dental anomalies; however, congenital absence of the adjacent permanent second molar was observed in 40% of cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tooth eruption is an essential process for the development of the oral and maxillofacial system. Several inherited and acquired diseases might affect this tightly regulated process, resulting in premature, delayed, or even failed tooth eruption. The purpose of this article is to review the literature and the clinical parameters of metabolic bone diseases that affect tooth eruption. It examines the physiological aspects of tooth eruption and the pathophysiological changes induced by metabolic bone diseases, including changes in bone metabolism, density, and structure. The search strategy for this review included an electronic search in PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library using the following keywords: “metabolic bone diseases”, “tooth eruption”, “delayed tooth eruption”, and each reported disease in combination with “tooth eruption disorders”, covering publications up to March 2024 and limited to English-language sources. Understanding the influence of metabolic bone diseases on tooth eruption is crucial for managing both dental and skeletal manifestations associated with these disorders. This review suggests that a multidisciplinary approach to treatment may significantly improve oral outcomes for patients suffering from such conditions. Clinicians should be aware of the specific dental abnormalities that may arise and consider comprehensive evaluations and individualized treatment plans. These findings underscore the need for further research into targeted therapies that address these abnormalities.

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare genetic disorder affecting primarily the cranium, clavicle, and dental tissues. The expression of this disorder can vary widely in severity, even within the same family. Here we present a case report of an affected mother and son with classical manifestations of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jawza H Alfarraj,1 Faisal Alsaif,2 Sama A Alsaad3 1Pediatric Dentistry Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2General Dentist, Private Practice, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 3Pediatric Dentistry Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Jawza H Alfarraj, Tel +966509948859, Email Jalfarraj@kfmc.med.saAbstract: This article describes the clinical management of delayed eruption of the upper left permanent central incisor of an eight-year-old child with a history of overlooked intrusive trauma to the primary maxillary incisors. Initial conservative management involved simple extraction of the over-retained upper right primary left incisor. At the recall visit, the decision was made to expose permanent incisors surgically aiming to facilitate its eruption. Two years later, the upper right central and lateral incisors have been erupted into the oral cavity, improving patient aesthetics. This case report aims to demonstrate the clinical diagnosis and intervention for delayed eruption of maxillary permanent central incisor as a consequence of an overlooked intrusive trauma in the primary dentition. Additionally, to emphasize the importance of periodic radiographic examination in monitoring the sequence of eruption in mixed dentition.Keywords: dental trauma, unerupted, delayed eruption, pediatric

Tooth eruption is defined as the axial movement of the tooth from its site of development in the alveolar bone to its functional position in the oral cavity. A delay in eruption can directly affect the accurate diagnosis, overall treatment planning, and timing of treatment. Thus, Delayed Tooth Eruption can have a significant impact on a patient's proper health care. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of delayed eruptions of permanent upper central incisors in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A retrospective study assessed panoramic radiographs of children between the ages of 6–10 years old who attended the Dental University Hospital clinics at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between 2014 and 2020. The radiographs were collected and examined to detect any delayed eruption of the permanent upper central incisors. Panoramic radiographs with delayed erupted permanent upper central incisors were identified by tooth developmental stages and eruption sequence. Of the 745 radiographs, 23 (3.09%) presented at least one delayed erupted permanent upper central incisor of which boys and girls comprised 16 (69.5%) and 7 (30.4%), respectively. Retained primary teeth was the most causative factor of delayed eruption (43.4%), followed by the early loss of primary teeth (21.7%) and insufficient arch space. The present study is the first to assess the prevalence of delayed eruption of the permanent upper central incisors on a Saudi population. Boys were found to have more prevalence of delayed eruption of the permanent upper central incisors compared to girls. Clinicians should be aware of such a condition as early diagnosis of delayed eruption is essential for providing optimal dental care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES This objective of this study was to evaluate the role of a heavy metal- lead acetate in the eruption rate of hypo functional incisors in albino Wistar rats. METHODOLOGY An experimental study was done in animal house of Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore since March 2019 to March 2020. 34 adult albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups (n=17 for each group) i.e., control and lead acetate group. Right mandibular incisors were selected for this study. Selected incisors were marked 1mm above the level of gingival papillae. The incisors were cut above this mark to make it hypo-functional. The readings were measured by digital Vernier caliper. This was considered as day 0. Incisors length was measured at day 0, 3, 6, 12 and 15 and eruption was calculated. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 22. RESULTS Eruption rate was similar throughout the study except last follow up. At the end of this study eruption of incisors in albino Wistar rats in control was 03.30±0.72mm, in lead 02.43±1.19mm. At day 15, the difference between control and lead group was statistically significant (p-value 0.033). CONCLUSION These results reveal that besides other causes of delayed tooth eruption excessive lead intoxication are also acausative factor of delayed tooth eruption.

The absence of a tooth in the oral cavity may be the result of some obstruction with the process of tooth eruption. Physical obstruction can result from many different causes, such as supernumerary teeth, mucosal barrier, scar tissue, and cysts or tumors. Their removal will usually permit the affected tooth to erupt. This case report describes the delayed eruption of the permanent mandibular first molar in a 9-year-old boy due to the dentigerous cyst associated with it. The management was done through a multidisciplinary approach. Surgical removal of cystic sac through marsupialization along with the removal of the barrier was done. As a consequence of delayed eruption of the permanent first molar, the opposing tooth had supraerupted, which was intruded using mini-implants. Following this, the tooth erupted satisfactorily into the oral cavity to establish class I molar relation.

Context: Delayed tooth eruption might be the primary or sole manifestation of local or systemic pathology. Aims: The aim of the study was to correlate Vitamin D level and eruption status of primary teeth. The objectives also included the assessment of the association between Vitamin D levels and socioeconomic status, infant's sun exposure, maternal sun exposure during pregnancy and religion. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional, observational study conducted on 96 infants aged 12–15 months. Materials and Methods: Ninety-six infants, aged 12–15 months were selected after obtaining parental consent. Blood samples were assessed for Vitamin D3 levels using the Vitamin D ELISA Kit. The eruption status of the teeth was recorded in all the 96 infants. The obtained data were subjected to the statistical analysis. Statistical Analysis Used: The obtained data were subjected to relevant statistical analysis such as Analysis of Variance, unpaired t-test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Mann–Whitney U test, Chi-square Test, Tukey HSD, and Fisher's exact Test. Results: A significant correlation was found in the Vitamin D levels and the eruption timing (P < 0.001). The difference in mean Vitamin D levels among the three socio economic groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.088). A significant association was found between the infant's sun exposure and mother's sun exposure during pregnancy and religion on the Vitamin D levels (P = 0.002, P = 0.042, P = 0.002). Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency can be considered as an etiological factor for delayed eruption. A strong association exists between the socioeconomic status, infant's sun exposure, maternal sun exposure during pregnancy, and religion with Vitamin D levels.

Tooth eruption is defined as the axial movement of the tooth from its site of development in the alveolar bone to its functional position in the oral cavity. A delay in eruption can directly affect the accurate diagnosis, overall treatment planning, and timing of treatment. Thus, Delayed Tooth Eruption can have a significant impact on a patient’s proper health care. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of delayed eruptions of permanent upper central incisors in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A retrospective study assessed panoramic radiographs of children between the ages of 6–10 years old who attended the Dental University Hospital clinics at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between 2014 and 2020. The radiographs were collected and examined to detect any delayed eruption of the permanent upper central incisors. Panoramic radiographs with delayed erupted permanent upper central incisors were identified by tooth developmental stages and eruption sequence. Of the 745 radiographs, 23 (3.09%) presented at least one delayed erupted permanent upper central incisor of which boys and girls comprised 16 (69.5%) and 7 (30.4%), respectively. Retained primary teeth was the most causative factor of delayed eruption (43.4%), followed by the early loss of primary teeth (21.7%) and insufficient arch space. The present study is the first to assess the prevalence of delayed eruption of the permanent upper central incisors on a Saudi population. Boys were found to have more prevalence of delayed eruption of the permanent upper central incisors compared to girls. Clinicians should be aware of such a condition as early diagnosis of delayed eruption is essential for providing optimal dental care.

Introduction. All teeth and dental structures in excess of the normal dental formula of 20 primary and 32 permanent teeth are referred to as supernumerary. Hyperodontia can have no clinical or orthodontic manifestations for a long time. In many patients, supernumerary teeth (ST) can cause delayed eruption of permanent teeth. To assess the effect of untreated hyperdontia on the adjacent teeth by studying the eruption of the teeth adjacent to the supernumerary tooth. Materials and methods. We conducted a repeated cross-sectional, experimental, prospective study on 27 patients with delayed eruption caused by hyperdontia. Results and discussion. The study included 106 patients, but only 27 of them met the criteria set out. All patients had delayed eruption due to hyperdontia. Conclusions. The results of our study show that, after ST extraction, permanent teeth tend to erupt spontaneously, without any additional interventions, if there is sufficient space for them in dentition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The absence of a tooth in the oral cavity may be the result of some obstruction with the process of tooth eruption. Physical obstruction can result from many different causes, such as supernumerary teeth, mucosal barrier, scar tissue, and cysts or tumors. Their removal will usually permit the affected tooth to erupt. This case report describes the delayed eruption of the permanent mandibular first molar in a 9-year-old boy due to the dentigerous cyst associated with it. The management was done through a multidisciplinary approach. Surgical removal of cystic sac through marsupialization along with the removal of the barrier was done. As a consequence of delayed eruption of the permanent first molar, the opposing tooth had supraerupted, which was intruded using mini-implants. Following this, the tooth erupted satisfactorily into the oral cavity to establish class I molar relation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Delayed tooth eruption might be the primary or sole manifestation of local or systemic pathology. Aims: The aim of the study was to correlate Vitamin D level and eruption status of primary teeth. The objectives also included the assessment of the association between Vitamin D levels and socioeconomic status, infant's sun exposure, maternal sun exposure during pregnancy and religion.Settings and Design: A cross-sectional, observational study conducted on 96 infants aged 12-15 months.Materials and Methods: Ninety-six infants, aged 12-15 months were selected after obtaining parental consent. Blood samples were assessed for Vitamin D3 levels using the Vitamin D ELISA Kit. The eruption status of the teeth was recorded in all the 96 infants. The obtained data were subjected to the statistical analysis.Statistical Analysis Used: The obtained data were subjected to relevant statistical analysis such as Analysis of Variance, unpaired t-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square Test, Tukey HSD, and Fisher's exact Test. Results: A significant correlation was found in the Vitamin D levels and the eruption timing (P < 0.001). The difference in mean Vitamin D levels among the three socio economic groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.088). A significant association was found between the infant's sun exposure and mother's sun exposure during pregnancy and religion on the Vitamin D levels (P = 0.002, P = 0.042, P = 0.002).Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency can be considered as an etiological factor for delayed eruption. A strong association exists between the socioeconomic status, infant's sun exposure, maternal sun exposure during pregnancy, and religion with Vitamin D levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Nutritional problems that may arise due to the low quality of food consumed is called stunting on children. Stunting describes the inadequacy of body heigh according to its age due to malnutrition or chronic malnutrition. Stunting is often not known in the society where the treatment of such issue is very general thus considered as normal. Stunting also affects oral health of children. Objective: To review the relationship of dental and oral condition with the incidence of stunting on children. Methods: Scientific evidence and clinical cases are drawn from the literature to support this review and gather scientific information about the relationship of teeth to the incidence of stunting in children. Results: There are several relationships of dental or oral conditions in children with the incidence of stunting experienced. Some of them are related to the incidence of dental caries in children, delayed eruption of permanent teeth, and have an influence on the flow rate of saliva in children. Conclusion: The incidence of stunting in children is a condition that describes the lack of nutritional status that has a chronic nature during the growth and development of children since the beginning of life. Scientific studies from several literatures prove that there are some relationships between the incidence of stunting in children with the state of oral health of children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ameloblastic fibroma (AF) is an uncommon benign odontogenic mixed tumor. A case of an AF associated with unerupted and missing teeth is presented. A 13-year-old girl was referred for evaluation of a painless swelling of her right mandible. The most remarkable finding was the resorption of the proximal root of the permanent first molar. The lesion was completely enucleated. Follow-up showed satisfactory bony healing, and the resorbed root was completely surrounded by a continuous layer of intact lamina dura. In most cases, the patient presents to the clinician complaining of an unerupted tooth at the posterior area of the mandible. The most remarkable finding in our case, however, was the coexisting root resorption. This finding could indicate a more aggressive form of AF. AF has a very good prognosis. Malignant transformation is extremely rare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case report describes the successful interceptive treatment approach for two young patients with impacted permanent lateral incisors. The interceptive orthodontic treatment for impaction usually includes extraction of primary tooth, expansion and space opening with fixed appliance. If all kinds of interceptive treatments fail, the surgical intervention is an option by exposing the impacted tooth, then applying traction force to move the impacted tooth to the normal position. However, surgery is not the first option in growing patients since, there is still a chance for spontaneous eruption of the impacted tooth. In the present report, the patients presented to the orthodontic clinic with complaint of non-erupting front teeth after the loss of deciduous teeth, with the eruption of lateral incisors on the contralateral side. The treatment of both patients consisted of maxillary expansion to create space for permanent left lateral incisor. The teeth erupted spontaneously after the maxillary expansion.

This case report describes the successful interceptive treatment approach for two young patients with impacted permanent lateral incisors. The interceptive orthodontic treatment for impaction usually includes extraction of primary tooth, expansion and space opening with fixed appliance. If all kinds of interceptive treatments fail, the surgical intervention is an option by exposing the impacted tooth, then applying traction force to move the impacted tooth to the normal position. However, surgery is not the first option in growing patients since, there is still a chance for spontaneous eruption of the impacted tooth. In the present report, the patients presented to the orthodontic clinic with complaint of non-erupting front teeth after the loss of deciduous teeth, with the eruption of lateral incisors on the contralateral side. The treatment of both patients consisted of maxillary expansion to create space for permanent left lateral incisor. The teeth erupted spontaneously after the maxillary expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental eruption is a very finely regulated process. A delay in tooth eruption may be due to a disturbance caused by local, systemic, or genetic abnormalities. Delayed eruption of multiple teeth in the absence of any etiology is very rare. Here, we report a case of delayed eruption in a 16-year-old female patient with multiple congenitally missing teeth and bilaterally ankylosed deciduous teeth with no underlying systemic or genetic disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence, distribution and association of developmental alteration in tooth number with gender, location, and presence of delayed eruption of tooth among children who attended to Student's polyclinic of IIUM Kuantan, Malaysia. Methods: A cross sectional study on total 727 Orthopanthomograms (OPGs) of 3-17 years old children from April 2009 to July 2012. OPGs with presence of alteration number were scrutinized to find out the prevalence, distribution and association. The data was analyzed comparing gender, location and presence of delayed eruption and tested using Chi-square test. Results: Out of 727 OPGs, 71 OPGs showed developmental alteration in tooth number. The prevalence was 98/1000 OPGs within 3 years. Among those 71 OPGs, the gender differences were: males (49.3%) and females (50.7%). Locations were found in maxilla (45.1%), mandible (40.8%) and both (14.0%). The finding of delayed eruption was (7.0%). There were significant differences between alteration in tooth number with location as (p < 0.05) while there were no significant differences with gender and delayed eruption as (p > 0.05). Conclusions: This study showed that hyperdontia was considerably lower than hypodontia. There was association between alteration in tooth number with location, but no association with gender and delayed eruption.

Delayed eruption is one of the the forms of dental eruption deviation characterized by delay of dental eruption. Delayed eruption can be caused by local factor such as impacted tooth. Treatment of the delayed eruption due to impacted tooth, which needs to be surgically exposed, bonded with a bracket and ligature or chain, and then orthodontically brought into the dental arch. We reported a case of a 12 years old girl who has non-erupted upper right permanent central incisor without the retention of upper right primary central incisor. Physical development was normal. 12,21,22, already erupted. Panoramic examination shows impacted 11 in the alveolar bone with the completion of apex formation. After the cephalometric and model analysis, we placed the fixed orthodontic appliances followed by surgical exposure to open the impacted area then place an orthodontic bracket with an attached chain to apply orthodontic forces on the tooth to aid in its movement into the line of occlusion.

The principles of formation, renewal, and eruption of teeth are discussed. Numerous genetic aberrations may affect the formation and eruption of teeth. Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD), caused by mutations in the runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) gene, is such a condition. The dental phenotype includes problems in both tooth formation (multiple supernumerary permanent teeth) and tooth eruption (lack of shedding of primary teeth and delayed or arrested eruption of permanent teeth). Clinical studies, animal models, and molecular biology studies have documented that RUNX2 is of paramount importance for osteoblast differentiation, for regression of the dental lamina, and for osteoclastogenesis in the dental follicle and the periodontal ligament. Jensen & Kreiborg, 25 yr ago, proposed a treatment strategy to be applied to patients with CCD, focussing on the importance of early treatment to promote spontaneous eruption of permanent teeth through extraction of primary teeth, surgical removal of supernumerary teeth, and removal of bone covering the first formed permanent teeth at the time when root formation of the permanent teeth has reached half or two‐thirds of their final length. This strategy still seems valid and seems to lead to reduction in the burden of care for patients compared with the treatment protocols otherwise recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Congenital feline hypothyroidism was diagnosed in a 10-month-old kitten. The kitten appeared to have disproportionate dwarfism, with the clinical signs of incompletely erupted permanent dentition covered by thickened gingival tissue, short stature, a broad, flattened face, short neck, pendulous abdomen, kitten-like hair coat, and goiter. Hypothyroidism was confirmed with baseline T4, freeT4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone testing. The kitten was treated with thyroid hormone supplementation and monitored. The kitten appeared clinically like a normal healthy cat at 22 months of age on thyroid supplementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to show the delayed eruption of primary teeth among children with Down Syndrome. The study was descriptive analytic research. A total of 25 Down Syndrome (DS) and 40 normal subjects between 6-48 months were enrolled in this study. Primary teeth eruption was measured by the number of primary teeth present in the mouth, from the white spot until fully erupted in the mouth. Mann-Whitney test was utilized to analyze the data. The mean number of erupted primary teeth in DS children was 9 while for normal children was 13.275. There was significantly delayed eruption of primary teeth among DS children compared to normal children (p < 0.05). The eruption of primary teeth among children with DS showed significant delay when compared to normal children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An eight-year-old girl child reported to the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology with the chief complaint of unerupted permanent teeth for past two years. The child presented features like disproportionately short stature, rhizomelic shortening of arms and legs, long face, frontal bossing and saddle nose. Based on the findings of chest and spine radiographs and ultrasound the case was diagnosed as a rare bone disorder “Achondroplasia”. This case also presents a unique feature of polydactyly. Polydactyly is a manifestation in clinical medicine because it can serve as an indicator for a plethora of congenital anamolies. This case gained dental interest because of its characteristic craniofacial features. This article highlights the peculiar manifestations of this anamoly.

Aim In the present study, we investigated the characteristics and sequelae of erupted supernumerary teeth ( ST) in a sample of Sri Lankan children. Methods Data were recorded from patients' clinical records, radiographs, models, and extracted teeth. Results The sample consisted of 239 ST from 218 patients. The mean age of the sample was 9.08 ± 2.47 years. The male-to-female ratio was 2.8:1. The majority (42.66%) of patients with ST were in aged 8-10 years. Many (94.94%) of the ST were located in the premaxilla (incisor), followed by the canine (4.22%), premolar (0.42%), and molar (0.42%) regions. The most common shape of ST teeth was conical. Malocclusion (59.83%) was the major problem associated with ST, and the clinical impact was highest on the 8-10-year age group. A strong association was observed between patients' age and clinical impact to the dentition (χ2=42.09, P=.000). Conclusion Because the majority of ST can lead to malocclusion, especially in mixed dentition, awareness, early detection, and timely clinical intervention of ST are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of dental anomalies in orthodontic patients with third molar agenesis, comparing them with patients without third molar agenesis. A sample of 250 patients, aged between 11 and 25 years was taken into study. Panoramic radiographs and dental casts were used to determine associated dental anomalies, such as third molar agenesis, hypodontia, impaction and delayed formation and eruption of the permanent teeth. The Pearson chi-square and Fisher exact test were used to determine the distribution and the relation between third molar agenesis and other dental anomalies. The prevalence of other teeth agenesis was 11.4% of all subjects with third molar congenitally missing, compared with 7.8% of subjects with all third molars present. The frequency of cases with delayed eruption of the dentition was double in the third-molar agenesis group than in the normal group. Statistically significant correlation was established between third molar agenesis and reduced number of other teeth or delayed formation and eruption of other permanent teeth.

Enamel renal syndrome is a very rare disorder associating amelogenesis imperfecta with nephrocalcinosis. It is known by various synonyms such as amelogenesis imperfecta nephrocalcinosis syndrome, MacGibbon syndrome, Lubinsky syndrome, and Lubinsky-MacGibbon syndrome. It is characterized by enamel agenesis and medullary nephrocalcinosis. This paper describes enamel renal syndrome in a female patient born in a consanguineous family.

Delayed eruption of maxillary permanent central incisors in a child poses a distressing esthetic quandary to parents, by virtue of its location in the dental architecture. Well-aligned anterior teeth add confidence to smile and have enhanced self-esteem, which is critical even in early life. Impaction of the maxillary central incisors compared to third molars or the canines is less reported; bilateral supplemental maxillary central incisors related to impacted permanent maxillary central incisors are rare and one of the supplemental central incisors showing unusual talon is still infrequent. A case of impacted maxillary permanent central incisors related to supplemental maxillary central incisors, with one of them showing an unusual talon cusp, is presented.

Cleidocranial dysplasias is an autosomal dominant disorder that presents with skeletal dysplasia. The dental manifestations are mainly delayed exfoliation of primary teeth and delayed eruption of permanent teeth, with multiple impacted supernumeraries. This report addresses the complex nature of the treatment modalities. In our patient, surgical exposure of unerupted teeth was done with orthodontic traction. Post-surgical follow-up was uneventful.

Hunter syndrome, or mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II), is a member of a group of inherited metabolic disorders together termed mucopolysaccharidosis (MPSs). It is a rare, X-linked disorder caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme iduronate-2-sulfatase. The prevalence of this syndrome is 1:100,000 births. Insufficient enzyme activity results in accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGS) in the lysosomes of various tissues and organs and leading to progressive multisystem pathologies. Here, we report a case of 13-year-old boy who presented with typical facial, skeletal and dental features without corneal clouding. It is possible that thorough and systematic clinical and radiological examination alone can help in diagnosis of this complex disorder.