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Background: Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) affects many patients. Various therapeutic options have been devised to alleviate this condition by achieving dentinal tubules (DT) occlusion. This research aimed to investigate the effects of dipotassium oxalate-containing mouthwash, diode laser and their combination on DT occlusion. Methods: Forty dentin samples were obtained from 20 human single-rooted third molars, 40 dentin specimens were obtained, and exposed DT were created in vitro. They were assigned into four groups: Group 1 (n = 10), the control group where no treatment was applied; Group 2 (n = 10), a mouthwash with a 1.4% dipotassium oxalate was applied twice for 60 s during a 5-day period in a shaker at 100 rpm; Group 3 (n = 10), a combination of the same mouthwash and an 810 nm diode laser at an output power of 0.25 W in continuous mode was applied for 60 s without contact at a distance of 3–4 mm; and Group 4 (n = 10), only a diode laser with the same protocol was applied. Occlusion of the DT was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Results: The analysis revealed occlusion of the DT in all treatment groups; however, the effects were more pronounced in the combined treatment group (Group 3). Compared with the test groups, the control group had significantly more open DT in 100 µm2 (p < 0.01). The difference between the Group 2 and Group 4 was not significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: DT occlusion was achieved via the use of a mouthwash containing 1.4% dipotassium oxalate and an 810 nm diode laser. However, the combination resulted in the greatest results and therefore may be utilized in individuals with DH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When dentin is directly exposed to the oral cavity for various reasons, such as a lack of enamel on the tooth surface, external stimuli to the dentin often cause transient discomfort known as dentin hypersensitivity. In order to block the incoming stimulus signal, an ideal treatment is to induce the production of minerals to block the dentinal tubules. In this work, a dentin-desensitizing plugging material was prepared by modifying mesoporous bioactive glass with gelatin, the mineralization and desensitization effects of which were compared with Gluma in in vitro experiments. These experiments confirmed that gelatin-modified bioactive glass (MBG@PDA@Gel) is more effective than traditional desensitizing agents at blocking dentin tubules. Following the successful synthesis of MBG@PDA@Gel, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and other tests, the treatment of demineralized dentin with MBG@PDA@Gel demonstrated that the dentinal tubules were tightly blocked under scanning electron microscopy. MBG@PDA@Gel induces minerals in deeper layers of dentinal tubules, promoting remineralization and forming a unified structure with the tubule blockage. Animal studies showed that MBG@PDA@Gel can remineralize demineralized dentin, and it is stable in the oral cavity and does not fall out. MBG@PDA@Gel not only enhances the biocompatibility of the nanoparticle but also results in an overall uniform and rapid remineralization of the demineralized dentin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a common oral condition that is associated with severe dental pain. Pain relief is a key focus of the treatment of DH. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the blocking and antacid effects of gallic acid (GA) combined with sodium fluoride (NaF) on dentinal tubules in vitro. Methods: Ninety dentin discs from human third molars were treated with 6% citric acid for 2 min. Then, the surface morphologies of ten dentin discs were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The remaining samples were randomly divided into four groups: the NaF group, which was treated with 1000 ppm NaF; the GA group, which was treated with 4000 ppm GA; the GA + NaF group, which was treated with 1000 ppm NaF + 4000 ppm GA; and the blank group, which was treated with deionized water. The dentin permeability of each sample was measured with a water-filled system before processing and after 7 days of treatment. Dentin morphology and surface deposits were observed by SEM. Then, samples from the NaF, GA + NaF and blank groups were subjected to an acid challenge by incubation with 0.02% citric acid for 2 min. SEM and a water-filled system were used to evaluate the blocking and antacid effects of NaF and GA + NaF. Results: 1. NaF and GA + NaF significantly decreased dentin permeability. The effect of the GA + NaF treatment was more significant. After acid challenge, both groups still exhibited decreased dentin permeability compared with the initial assessment. 2. Compared with the NaF group, the GA + NaF group had more mineral deposits on the dentin surface and dentin tubules. After acid challenge, the deposits in the GA + NaF group were still clearly visible. Conclusion: The combined effect of GA and NaF on reducing dentin permeability by blocking open dentin tubules is better than that of NaF alone. After acid challenge, the GA + NaF treatment still had a better effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) manifests as sharp and uncomfortable pain due to the exposure of dentinal tubules (DTs) following the erosion of tooth enamel. Desensitizing agents commonly used in clinical practice have limitations such as limited depth of penetration, slow remineralization and no antimicrobial properties. To alleviate these challenges, our study designed a lactoferrin-derived amyloid nanofilm (PTLF nanofilm) inspired by the saliva-acquired membrane (SAP). The nanofilm utilises Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) to disrupt the disulfide bonds of lactoferrin (LF) under physiological conditions. The PTLF nanofilm modifies surfaces across various substrates and effectively prevents the early and stable adhesion of cariogenic bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Simultaneously, it adheres rapidly and securely to demineralized dentin surfaces, facilitating in-situ remineralization of HAP through a simple immersion process. This leads to the formation of a remineralized layer resembling natural dentin, with an occlusion depth of dentinal tubules exceeding 80 µm after three days. The in vivo and vitro results confirm that the PTLF nanofilm possesses good biocompatibility and its ability to exert simultaneous antimicrobial effects and dentin remineralization. Accordingly, this innovative bifunctional PTLF amyloid coating offers promising prospects for the management of DH-related conditions. 1. We design a simple, fast, inexpensive, and easy-to-process PTLF nanofilm for nearly any material surface or shape. 2. The PTLF nanofilm modifies surfaces across various substrates and effectively prevents the adhesion of cariogenic bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. 3. The abundant functional groups on the surface of PTLF nanofilm facilitate bioactive hydroxyapatite (HAP) formation and maintain stability at the HAP remineralization interface. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the influence of air‐abrasion of enamel with three different desensitizing powders on the whitening effect of a bleaching gel containing 40% H2O2, which was used for in‐office tooth bleaching. Materials and Methods: Forty human incisors, extracted and prepared, were acquired for this study and subsequently randomized into four groups (n = 10). The control group specimens underwent no pretreatment prior to the bleaching procedure, whereas the remaining three groups underwent air abrasion using distinct desensitizing powders; (a) Sylc, which contains bioglass 45S5; (b) BioMinF, which contains calcium phospho‐fluoro‐silicate glass; and (c) MI Pearls, which contains nano‐hydroxyapatite, 1 h preceding the Opalescence Boost PF 40% bleaching procedure. Color measurements were conducted using a double‐beam UV–Vis spectrophotometer at four distinct time points (prior to bleaching, 24 h, 15 days, and 30 days post‐bleaching). Results: Tooth color change outcomes revealed that there were no statistically significant results with respect to the interaction of the two criteria (treatments and time) (p = 0.990). Additionally, there were no statistically significant results with respect to the main effects of treatments (p = 0.385), while there were statistically significant effects with respect to the time criterion (p = 0.013). Conclusions: The use of the tested desensitizing powders prior the bleaching procedure did not affect the tooth color change induced by the tested bleaching agent. Clinical Significance: Tooth color change and whiteness are not affected by air‐abrasion desensitizing treatments when applied prior to in‐office bleaching procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) affects many patients. Various therapeutic options have been devised to alleviate this condition by achieving dentinal tubules (DT) occlusion. This research aimed to investigate the effects of dipotassium oxalate-containing mouthwash, diode laser and their combination on DT occlusion. Methods Forty dentin samples were obtained from 20 human single-rooted third molars, 40 dentin specimens were obtained, and exposed DT were created in vitro. They were assigned into four groups: Group 1 (n = 10), the control group where no treatment was applied; Group 2 (n = 10), a mouthwash with a 1.4% dipotassium oxalate was applied twice for 60 s during a 5-day period in a shaker at 100 rpm; Group 3 (n = 10), a combination of the same mouthwash and an 810 nm diode laser at an output power of 0.25 W in continuous mode was applied for 60 s without contact at a distance of 3–4 mm; and Group 4 (n = 10), only a diode laser with the same protocol was applied. Occlusion of the DT was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Results The analysis revealed occlusion of the DT in all treatment groups; however, the effects were more pronounced in the combined treatment group (Group 3). Compared with the test groups, the control group had significantly more open DT in 100 µm2 (p 0.05). Conclusion DT occlusion was achieved via the use of a mouthwash containing 1.4% dipotassium oxalate and an 810 nm diode laser. However, the combination resulted in the greatest results and therefore may be utilized in individuals with DH.

Abstract Background Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a common oral condition that is associated with severe dental pain. Pain relief is a key focus of the treatment of DH. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the blocking and antacid effects of gallic acid (GA) combined with sodium fluoride (NaF) on dentinal tubules in vitro. Methods Ninety dentin discs from human third molars were treated with 6% citric acid for 2 min. Then, the surface morphologies of ten dentin discs were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The remaining samples were randomly divided into four groups: the NaF group, which was treated with 1000 ppm NaF; the GA group, which was treated with 4000 ppm GA; the GA + NaF group, which was treated with 1000 ppm NaF + 4000 ppm GA; and the blank group, which was treated with deionized water. The dentin permeability of each sample was measured with a water-filled system before processing and after 7 days of treatment. Dentin morphology and surface deposits were observed by SEM. Then, samples from the NaF, GA + NaF and blank groups were subjected to an acid challenge by incubation with 0.02% citric acid for 2 min. SEM and a water-filled system were used to evaluate the blocking and antacid effects of NaF and GA + NaF. Results 1. NaF and GA + NaF significantly decreased dentin permeability. The effect of the GA + NaF treatment was more significant. After acid challenge, both groups still exhibited decreased dentin permeability compared with the initial assessment. 2. Compared with the NaF group, the GA + NaF group had more mineral deposits on the dentin surface and dentin tubules. After acid challenge, the deposits in the GA + NaF group were still clearly visible. Conclusion The combined effect of GA and NaF on reducing dentin permeability by blocking open dentin tubules is better than that of NaF alone. After acid challenge, the GA + NaF treatment still had a better effect.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of root coverage surgery in reducing dentin hypersensitivity (DH) through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources: Unrestricted search of four indexed databases up to September 2022 was performed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of root coverage surgery on DH frequency and/or intensity presurgically (baseline) and at least 3 months postsurgically. Two authors independently conducted study screening and data extraction. Subgroup meta-analyses were performed separately for stimulated and unstimulated DH frequency and intensity at different timepoints. The risk of bias and quality of the available evidence were assessed. Results: Nineteen RCTs presenting data from 7 days to 30 months after root coverage surgery with various treatment modalities were included from the 662 identified studies. A total of 486 patients contributed 784 recession defects. Results from the subgroup meta-analyses showed that, overall, root coverage surgery reduced the risk for DH by 67% (RR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.53) and 53% (RR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.58) upon unstimulated and stimulated DH assessment, respectively. The DH intensity was also significantly reduced (mean visual analog score difference, 2.37; 95% CI, 2.02 to 2.71) upon stimulated DH assessment. No significant changes in DH intensity were observed upon unstimulated DH assessment. The included studies did not have high risk of bias and the quality of evidence was low to high. Conclusion: Existing evidence suggests that root coverage surgery may effectively reduce the DH frequency and intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate how effectively the bioelectric toothbrush can alleviate dentin hypersensitivity (DHS) by using electrostatic forces to remove biofilm from the tooth surface. Methods: This study divided inpatients of a preventative dental clinic between March and October 2023 into the following two groups: a bioelectric toothbrush group (BET, n = 25) and a non-bioelectric toothbrush group (NBET, n = 18) as a control group. This was a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial study. A survey, the number of hypersensitive teeth, the O'Leary index, the visual analogue scale (VAS), and the Schiff Cold Air Sensitivity Scale (SCASS) were also investigated. Results: When fluoride toothpaste was applied with a bioelectric toothbrush, the subjects' VAS and SCASS scores reflecting symptoms of hyperesthesia significantly decreased over time, as did the number of hypersensitive teeth and the O'Leary index. Moreover, the bioelectric toothbrush was confirmed to be effective in removing dental plaque. Conclusions: Dental clinics must actively promote bioelectric toothbrushes and fluoride toothpaste for patients suffering from hyperesthesia and pain. Furthermore, these items can be suggested as preventative oral care products to patients with potential hyperesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to measure the degree of dentine surface roughness caused by five distinct lasers used to treat dentine hypersensitivity, as well as to evaluate the subsequent bacterial colonization on these irradiated surfaces. Sixty human maxillary premolar teeth without caries or restoration which were extracted for periodontal reasons were used in this study. Five different types of lasers were applied to the root dentin surface. Tested samples were divided into six groups of 10 samples each; control, diode (810 nm), diode (980 nm), Nd: YAG, Er: YAG, and Er, Cr: YSGG laser groups. The arithmetic mean of the surface roughness values (Ra) and the average roughness over a measurement area (Sa) were measured pre- and post-application using any of the laser types. Swab samples were then collected from the dentin surface. Following a 24-hour incubation period at 37 °C, the colony forming units were counted using a stereoscope. The results demonstrated a statistically significant difference in the surface roughness values pre- and post-application (Ra and Sa, respectively) in the Er, Cr: YSGG laser group (p = 0.037,p = 0.007). No significant difference was observed in the other groups (p > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the number of bacterial colonies observed between the test and control groups. Diode and Nd: YAG lasers showed either a decrease or no change in surface roughness; however, the hard tissue lasers (Er: YAG, Er, Cr: YSGG) showed an increase. The Er: YAG and Nd: YAG laser groups exhibited decreased bacterial adhesion compared to the other groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the influence of two desensitizing agents in reducing dentine permeability. A 6-week study was conducted on 30 adult patients with hypersensitivity to two or more teeth . Patients were divided into two groups using a spilt-mouth study design; each patient received two different desensitizing agents (Gluma Desensitizer,Heraeus Germany, and Clinpro™ XT Varnish 3M ESPE, USA) in each side. The sensitivity was assessed at baseline, immediately after application, and after 1 week, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks. The tactile stimulus were applied with an explorer prob response using a visual analog scale and a standard cold air blast were used to compare the efficacy of desensitizing agents after a single application. The data were analysed using Wilcoxon test with a Bonferroni correction for non parametric data. Based on desansitizing agent, Gluma Desensitizer resulted in a significant reduction in pain scale compared to Clinpro™ XT Varnish using an air blast (P = 0.007) and a tactile test (P = 0.008) immediately post-treatment. All two desensitizing agents were effective in relieving dentin hypersensitivity (DH) up to 6 weeks, independent of their application procedures. There was, however, a significant reduction in mean sensitivity scores of teeth that had been treated with Gluma Desensitizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dentin hypersensitivity is a common clinical problem all over the world and it is called the common cold of dentistry. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of glass ionomer cement and dentin bonding agent in management of dentin hypersensitivity in patients presenting to Peshawar Dental College. Methods: This Quasi-experimental study was conducted on patients presented to the Department of Operative dentistry and Endodontics from February to August 2022.A total of 60 patients in the age range of 18-70 were selected based on convenience sampling. The patients were divided into 2 groups. Group A received glass ionomer cement and Group B received dentin bonding agent. The sensitivity was assessed before treatment using visual analogue scale and documented as baseline reading with both tactile and evaporative stimuli. It was then evaluated immediately after treatment, as well as at 1 week and 6 weeks post-treatment, using the visual analogue scale with tactile & evaporative stimuli. Results: Thirty Patients in group A were treated with glass ionomer cement & 30 patients in Group B received treatment with dentin bonding agent. The pain scores in both groups decreased from severe to moderate to mild or no pain immediately after application compared to baseline (p=0.613). During the 1 week follow up, most patients in both groups reported mild or no pain (p=0.64). After 6 weeks, most patients in both groups experienced mild pain (p=0.338). Conclusion: Comparison of glass ionomer cement and dentin bonding agent revealed a significant difference in pain scores immediately after application. However, at 1- week and 6-weeks follow-ups, there was no significant difference between the two groups, as most patients reported only mild pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a prevalent condition, but long-term effective treatments are scarce. Differentiation of odontoblast-like cells is promising for inducing tertiary dentinogenesis and ensuring sustained therapeutic efficacy against DH. This study examined the effects and mechanism of action of mild heat stress (MHS) on the differentiation of odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells.Methods We used a heating device to accurately control the temperature and duration, mimicking the thermal microenvironment of odontoblast-like cells. Using this device, the effects of MHS on cell viability and differentiation were examined. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. The expression and nucleoplasmic ratio of the yes-associated protein (YAP) were examined by western blotting and immunofluorescence. The gene expression levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP1) were measured using qPCR. Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) expression was evaluated using immunofluorescence and immunoblotting. Verteporfin was used to inhibit YAP activity.Results Mild heat stress (MHS) enhanced the odontoblast differentiation of MDPC-23 cells while maintaining cell viability. MHS also increased YAP activity, as well as the levels of HSP25 mRNA, HSP70 mRNA, HSP90α mRNA, DMP1 mRNA, and DSPP protein. However, after YAP inhibition, both cell viability and the levels of HSP90α mRNA, DMP1 mRNA, and DSPP protein were reduced.Conclusion YAP plays a crucial role in maintaining cell viability and promoting odontoblast differentiation of MDPC-23 cells under MHS. Consequently, MHS is a potential therapeutic strategy for DH, and boosting YAP activity could be beneficial for maintaining cell viability and promoting odontoblast differentiation.

Abstract This split-mouth blinded randomized controlled study compared the efficacy of a desensitizing agent with oxalate/resin polymer and a universal adhesive containing mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) for dentin hypersensitivity (DH) relief, using Schiff sensitivity score (SSS) and visual analog scale (VAS). Split quadrants containing teeth with DH were treated with either MS Coat ONE or Hi-Bond Universal with MBG as the functional additive. Assessments at baseline, immediately post-application, and at 1- and 2-week follow-ups used standardized stimulus protocols (air, cold, and acid). The SSS difference was the primary outcome, while the VAS difference was the secondary outcome. A mixed linear effect model performed statistical analysis. Immediate DH reduction occurred in response to air stimuli, with a significant decrease in Group HB than in Group MS (p = 0.0178). Cold stimulus reduction exhibited a gradual cumulative effect, with consistently greater reductions in Group HB than in Group MS (p ≤ 0.0377). Both groups effectively managed acidic stimuli, with no significant differences (p > 0.05). The VAS scores decreased gradually over the follow-up period (p

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying odontoblast damage repair in dentin hypersensitivity (DH) and the role of Yes-associated protein (YAP) in this process. Methods: The DH model was constructed in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, and the in vivo expression of Piezo1, Integrin αvβ3, YAP, and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) was detected by immunohistochemistry. COMSOL Multiphysics software was used to simulate the dentinal tubule fluid flow velocity and corresponding fluid shear stress (FSS) on the odontoblast processes. MDPC-23 cells were cultured in vitro and loaded with a peristaltic pump for 1 hour at FSS values of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 dyne/cm2. The expression of Piezo1, Integrin αvβ3, and YAP was detected by immunofluorescence. Verteporfin (a YAP-specific inhibitor) was utilised to confirm the effect of YAP on the expression of dentineogenesis-related protein under FSS. Results: The level and duration of external mechanical stimuli have an effect on the functional expression of odontoblasts. In DH, the harder the food that is chewed, the faster the flow of the dentinal tubule fluid and the greater the FSS on the odontoblast processes. The expression of Piezo1, Integrin αvβ3, and YAP can be promoted when the FSS is less than 0.3 dyne/cm2. After YAP inhibition, the DSPP protein expression level was reduced at 0.3 dyne/cm2 FSS. Conclusions: These results suggest that appropriate FSS can enhance the expression of odontoblast-related factors in odontoblasts via the Piezo1–Integrin αvβ3–YAP mechanotransduction pathway and the YAP appears to play an essential role in the response of odontoblasts to external mechanical stimuli.

Introduction: The objective of this in vitro study was to compare the effectiveness of a propolis-based herbal toothpaste with 5% sodium fluoride varnishin obstructing human dentinal tubules; Scanning electron microscopy was utilised to obtain quantitative and qulitative data on tubular obstruction. Methods: Thirty-nine extracted human premolar teeth were collected. The cementum layer was removed using a water-cooled diamond bur and the smear layer using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) 17%. Then, the samples were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 13 each), as follows: group 1: dentin discs exposed to the propolis-based herbal toothpaste (Herbex); group 2: dentin discs exposed to 5% sodium fluoride varnish; and group 3: control. Then, all discs were observed and imaged in 4 non-overlapping fields by an electron microscope at 2000× magnification. The topography and number of open, closed, and semi-closed tubules were counted in all images. The data were analysed using Kruskal–Wallis test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Friedman test. The statistical analysis was performed with SPSS statistic 22.0 software, with a significance level of α = 0.05. Results: In pairwise comparisons of the groups considering the percentage of open, closed, and semi-closed tubules, the difference was not statistically significant between the 5% sodium fluoride varnish and propolis groups in the closed and semi-closed tubules, but it was statistically significant with the control group. Additionally, the percentage of open tubules in the propolis-based herbal toothpaste group was significantly lower than in the 5% sodium fluoride varnish and control group. Conclusions: Both propolis-based herbal toothpaste and 5% sodium fluoride varnish is effective in blocking human dentin tubules to various extents.

Abstract Background Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is one of the most challenging and persistent dental complaints characterized by transient, intense pain triggered by various stimuli. It affects a significant portion of the global population, predominantly those aged 20–40. This study aims to evaluate the desensitizing efficacy of seventh-generation dentin bonding agents (Single Bond Universal by 3 M ESPE and Xeno-V + by Dentsply) against a control group using Bifluorid 12 by Voco in mitigating DH within a month of the follow-up period. Methods This was a single-center, parallel-group, double-blind, controlled randomized clinical trial conducted at Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 105 patients with DH were allocated into three groups for this study. The patients were divided into three groups (Single Bond Universal by 3 M ESPE and Xeno-V + by Dentsply) and the control group containing fluoride varnish (Bifluorid 12 by Voco). Discomfort Interval Scale scores and Schiff Cold Air Sensitivity Scale scores were recorded at baseline, immediately after the intervention, after 01 weeks, and after 01 month. Results All the materials demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in discomfort and sensitivity (DIS scores p-value 0.01) immediately after 01 week and over a period of 01 month after treatment compared with the baseline scores before application, with no single material proving superior over the one-month observation period. The study also provided insights into dental hygiene practices, with a significant majority using a toothbrush and sensitivity patterns, with cold stimuli being the most common cause of sensitivity. Conclusion The study demonstrates that Single Bond Universal, Xeno V+, and Bifluorid 12 are equally effective in reducing dentin hypersensitivity, with no distinct superiority observed over a one-month period. The findings highlight the potential of fluoride varnishes as a less technique-sensitive and cost-effective option for treating DH, offering valuable insights for future research and clinical practice. Trial registration NCT04225247 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04225247 ), Date of Registration: 13/01/2020. (Retrospectively registered).

This split-mouth blinded randomized controlled study compared the efficacy of a desensitizing agent with oxalate/resin polymer and a universal adhesive containing mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) for dentin hypersensitivity (DH) relief, using Schiff sensitivity score (SSS) and visual analog scale (VAS). Split quadrants containing teeth with DH were treated with either MS Coat ONE or Hi-Bond Universal with MBG as the functional additive. Assessments at baseline, immediately post-application, and at 1- and 2-week follow-ups used standardized stimulus protocols (air, cold, and acid). The SSS difference was the primary outcome, while the VAS difference was the secondary outcome. A mixed linear effect model performed statistical analysis. Immediate DH reduction occurred in response to air stimuli, with a significant decrease in Group HB than in Group MS (p = 0.0178). Cold stimulus reduction exhibited a gradual cumulative effect, with consistently greater reductions in Group HB than in Group MS (p ≤ 0.0377). Both groups effectively managed acidic stimuli, with no significant differences (p > 0.05). The VAS scores decreased gradually over the follow-up period (p < 0.0001). This study highlights the differential efficacy of treatments for various DH triggers and recommends specific approaches based on different stimulus types. The universal adhesive containing MBG demonstrated DH relief potential, promising efficacy identical to or superior to that of a dedicated desensitizing agent. Further research exploring the long-term efficacy and underlying mechanisms is warranted. The universal adhesive containing MBG can be adopted as an in-office desensitizing agent for DH relief. The desensitizing efficacy of universal adhesive matches or surpasses dedicated agents for air and cold stimuli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research is based on the study of the efficacy of low-power laser analgesia in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity and how this method can achieve an effect on the reduction of pain caused by external stimuli to the oral cavity?. This literature review was carried out consulting various scientific sources, using keywords such as: "laser analgesia", "dentin hypersensitivity" and "low level laser"; for therapeutic and pain-reducing uses. A total of 18 scientific articles comparing the analgesic efficacy of therapeutic laser in the treatment of tooth sensitivity were evaluated. Electronic search engines such as Hinari, PubMed and Ebsco were used to search these articles, as well as Journals such as: J Int Oral Health, J. Appl. Oral Science, Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects, Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, Community Dentistry, Contemporary Clinical Dentistry, Int J Prev Med, PLOS ONE, Dental Clin Oral Invest. Specific journals on the use of therapeutic lasers such as: Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy were searched. Were mentioned in this review, studies that include low-level laser therapy (LLLT) such as: He-Ne laser (Neon Helium laser), CO2 laser, the Nd:YAG Neodymium laser), the GaA laser (Gallium Aluminum Arsenide laser) and the GaAs (Gallium Arsenide laser) laser. Studies that mentioned dentin hypersensitivity, caused by teeth that have fissures, restorations or fillings on any of their faces, fractures or periodontal disease were excluded. Several studies have concluded that low-power laser therapy has a high percentage of effectiveness in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is one of the most challenging and persistent dental complaints characterized by transient, intense pain triggered by various stimuli. It affects a significant portion of the global population, predominantly those aged 20–40. This study aims to evaluate the desensitizing efficacy of seventh-generation dentin bonding agents (Single Bond Universal by 3 M ESPE and Xeno-V + by Dentsply) against a control group using Bifluorid 12 by Voco in mitigating DH within a month of the follow-up period. Methods: This was a single-center, parallel-group, double-blind, controlled randomized clinical trial conducted at Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 105 patients with DH were allocated into three groups for this study. The patients were divided into three groups (Single Bond Universal by 3 M ESPE and Xeno-V + by Dentsply) and the control group containing fluoride varnish (Bifluorid 12 by Voco). Discomfort Interval Scale scores and Schiff Cold Air Sensitivity Scale scores were recorded at baseline, immediately after the intervention, after 01 weeks, and after 01 month. Results: All the materials demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in discomfort and sensitivity (DIS scores p-value 0.01) immediately after 01 week and over a period of 01 month after treatment compared with the baseline scores before application, with no single material proving superior over the one-month observation period. The study also provided insights into dental hygiene practices, with a significant majority using a toothbrush and sensitivity patterns, with cold stimuli being the most common cause of sensitivity. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that Single Bond Universal, Xeno V+, and Bifluorid 12 are equally effective in reducing dentin hypersensitivity, with no distinct superiority observed over a one-month period. The findings highlight the potential of fluoride varnishes as a less technique-sensitive and cost-effective option for treating DH, offering valuable insights for future research and clinical practice. Trial registration: NCT04225247 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04225247), Date of Registration: 13/01/2020. (Retrospectively registered). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research evaluated the dentinal tubule occlusion capabilities of titanium dioxide-doped phosphate glass (TDPG) paste, with and without adjunctive Nd:YAG laser treatment in comparison to nanohydroxyapatite (n-HA) that also contains calcium phosphate. In total, forty etched dentin (ED) discs were allocated into eight groups: untreated ED (G1), laser-treated ED (G2), TDPG paste-applied ED (G3), TDPG paste followed by laser (G4), TDPG microspheres paste-applied ED (G5), microspheres paste followed by laser (G6), n-HA paste-applied ED (G7), and n-HA paste followed by laser (G8). The interventions were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphological changes, counting opened dentinal tubules and elemental analysis. Additionally, the study incorporated an evaluation of radiological properties, specifically the materials' mass attenuation coefficients, effective atomic numbers, and exposure buildup factors, to ascertain their compatibility with X-ray imaging modalities. Findings indicated that paste application alone created a layer of precipitated crystals, effectively occluding dentinal tubules. Subsequent laser treatment enhanced occlusion by reducing opened dentinal tubules by approximately 50%, created a dense layer of altered TDPG or n-HA crystals with modified phosphorus and calcium composition. The inclusion of radiological assessment suggested that these materials, particularly when combined with laser, have potential not only for treating dentin hypersensitivity but also compatible with radiographic diagnostic processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy of diode laser and ozone gas in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity (DHS). One hundred thirty-two teeth from 44 patients with moderate DHS were randomized into 3 groups according to a split-mouth design. In the diode laser group, the operator irradiated the superficial dentin exposed with an 808-nm wavelength and incremental power from 0.2 to 0.6 W with a 20-second interval. In the ozone gas group, the operator applied a high dose of ozone (32 g/m3) for 30 seconds using a silicon cup. In the placebo group, no therapy was applied. The dentin sensitivity level was evaluated upon enrollment (T0), immediately after treatment (T1), 3 months post-treatment (T2), and 6 months post-treatment (T3) with a cold air blast challenge and tactile stimuli. The pain severity was quantified according to the visual analogue scale. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to scrutinize potential statistical disparities among the treatments. Statistical significance was predetermined at P <.05. A significant decrease of DHS was observed in the ozone gas group and the 'diode laser group immediately after treatment and after 3 and 6 months of the therapy. After 6 months from the therapy, the sensitivity values in the teeth treated with ozone gas remained statistically lower than those treated with diode lasers (P <.05). A laser diode and ozone gas are both efficient as dentin sensitivity treatment. Ozone maintains an invariable effectiveness after 6 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is considered the oldest chief complaint in which people are seeking solutions. One of the methods of reducing DH is the calcium silicate and sodium phosphate (CSSP) toothpaste which claim to occlude the dentinal tubules (DT) and withstand the acidic soft drink challenge. Black charcoal (BC) toothpaste is a nowadays trend worldwide, that is, claimed by the manufacturers to have a remineralization action, which reduce DH by formation of precipitates on dentin surface. Accordingly, this study targeted to compare the BC-containing toothpaste versus that containing CSSP in occluding DT and evaluated their efficacy to withstand acidic soft drink challenge. Materials and Methods: Sixty premolars were used in this study (n = 30). The dentin specimens were divided into two groups: Group 1 (G1) brushed with CSSP and group 2 (G2) brushed with BC for 3.5 min, then these specimens were subjected to acidic soft drink challenge for 10 min. The occluded DT were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDXA) after brushing and after acid soaking. Statistical analysis was performed (P value = 0.05). Results: G1 and G2 showed a completely and partially obliterated DT after brushing, however, after soaking them in acids, G1 was resistant and there were a partially and fully occluded DT, while G2 showed a non-occluded DT with severe signs of destruction. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups after acid soaking. Conclusion: The CSSP toothpaste is effective in reducing DH by formation of an acid-resistant precipitation on dentin surface, on the other hand, the BC can form a precipitation that cannot withstand the acids leaving a widely destructive DT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Even though tooth sensitivity is a prevalent dental issue today, more information is available to patients via social media concerning the subject. This study aimed to examine what patients may learn about tooth sensitivity from online videos on YouTube™ and evaluate the accuracy of the information given. Methods: In this cross‐sectional investigation, two experienced periodontologists used the keyword 'tooth sensitivity' to conduct an organized search into YouTube videos containing knowledge regarding dentin hypersensitivity. Videos' type, origin, number of days since upload, duration, number of views, likes and dislikes, and comments were all noted; the viewing rate and interaction index were calculated. Videos were graded based on their content. The DISCERN and Global Quality Scales were used to rate each video's level of quality and reliability. Results: After the initial 260 videos were examined, 199 were kept for additional study. Healthcare professionals, hospitals, and colleges posted the great majority of the videos. There was a significant positive relationship between the number of views and Total Content scores of the videos, the viewing rate, comments, and likes (p < 0.05). Significant relationships were obtained between total discernment, video type, source of upload, and global quality variables, and Total Content scores (p < 0.05). Conclusions: When looking for information on dentin hypersensitivity, patients might find watchable, reliable, and helpful videos on YouTube™. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to investigate and compare the effectiveness of toothpastes containing bioactives to relieve dentin hypersensitivity with that of a commercial desensitizing toothpaste containing REFIX technology, associated or not with a calcium booster. In this double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, multi-center clinical trial, thirty-two volunteers diagnosed with dentin hypersensitivity and qualified to participate were randomized into four groups: (1) Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief; (2) Sensodyne Repair & Relief; (3) Regenerador Sensitive; and (4) Regenerador Sensitive, associated with a calcium booster. Evaporative and tactile tests were used to check for dentin hypersensitivity in the test subjects. The participants brushed their teeth with one of the toothpastes, and dentin hypersensitivity was immediately tested using a visual analogue scale (VAS), in which the pain was rated on a scale of 0 to 10. Dentin hypersensitivity was measured after one week and after one month of the subjects continuing to use the toothpaste three times per day. Data were statistically analyzed with a non-parametric Friedman test for dependent data (α = 0.05). All toothpastes reduced dentin hypersensitivity. In the evaporative test, Sensodyne Protect & Repair and Regenerador Sensitive, associated with the calcium booster, exhibited faster and more effective results in reducing pain caused by dentin hypersensitivity, even after the first use. Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief was effective only after one week of use. All toothpastes performed well in the tactile test for treating dentin hypersensitivity, and their performance improved over time. Sensodyne Repair & Protect presented the highest overall pain remission after one month (84.6%). The bioactive toothpastes reduced, to a different extent, the tooth hypersensitivity reported by the volunteers. Sensodyne Repair & Relief and Regenerador Sensitive, associated or not with a calcium booster, presented faster and more effective results in reducing pain caused by dentin hypersensitivity.

Purpose: To reach a consensus on a consistent strategy to adopt when screening patients for the clinical management of dentin hypersensitivity. Materials and Methods: A panel consisting of members of the Advanced Technology in Oral Hygiene Sciences Academy (ATASIO) was formed to start a review process on dentin hypersensitivity (DH) and subsequently elaborate a decision tree to manage DH, from diagnosis to prognosis. The panel employed the RAND in their deliberations. After an initial systematic literature review, it became evident that a consensually validated protocol for the management of patients affected by dentin hypersensitivity has to be considered mandatory by all dental professionals. However, the outcome of the systematic review made it evident that the treatment options to be provided, as well as their prognosis and timing, had never been defined. The panel produced documents that addressed the topic and were subsequently used to generate a questionnaire. A workshop of expert dental professionals was organised to reach consensus on the main steps of the decision tree. Each member completed the questionnaire independently, and then a panel discussion was held to reach a consensus. Results: A high level of agreement was reached regarding all the items on the questionnaire, and each of the clinical questions formulated was answered. A clinical decision threshold was created. Conclusions: The dissemination of the information to a wide dental audience should commence upon publication of this consensus document. The authors hope that this consensus will become a model for the development of a dedicated protocol to manage DH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to investigate and compare the effectiveness of toothpastes containing bioactives to relieve dentin hypersensitivity with that of a commercial desensitizing toothpaste containing REFIX technology, associated or not with a calcium booster. In this double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, multi-center clinical trial, thirty-two volunteers diagnosed with dentin hypersensitivity and qualified to participate were randomized into four groups: (1) Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief; (2) Sensodyne Repair & Relief; (3) Regenerador Sensitive; and (4) Regenerador Sensitive, associated with a calcium booster. Evaporative and tactile tests were used to check for dentin hypersensitivity in the test subjects. The participants brushed their teeth with one of the toothpastes, and dentin hypersensitivity was immediately tested using a visual analogue scale (VAS), in which the pain was rated on a scale of 0 to 10. Dentin hypersensitivity was measured after one week and after one month of the subjects continuing to use the toothpaste three times per day. Data were statistically analyzed with a non-parametric Friedman test for dependent data (α = 0.05). All toothpastes reduced dentin hypersensitivity. In the evaporative test, Sensodyne Protect & Repair and Regenerador Sensitive, associated with the calcium booster, exhibited faster and more effective results in reducing pain caused by dentin hypersensitivity, even after the first use. Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief was effective only after one week of use. All toothpastes performed well in the tactile test for treating dentin hypersensitivity, and their performance improved over time. Sensodyne Repair & Protect presented the highest overall pain remission after one month (84.6%). The bioactive toothpastes reduced, to a different extent, the tooth hypersensitivity reported by the volunteers. Sensodyne Repair & Relief and Regenerador Sensitive, associated or not with a calcium booster, presented faster and more effective results in reducing pain caused by dentin hypersensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to evaluate the effect of Teethmate, Bifluoride 12, and Copal Varnish on the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity and the pulpal blood flow using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) after full crown preparations. Eighteen patients with 42 teeth with dentine hypersensitivity after full crown preparations were randomly treated with Teethmate, Bifluoride 12, and Copal Varnish. Dentine hypersensitivity was measured using a visual analog scale (VAS) and Schiff air index (SAI). LDF was used to assess the pulpal blood flow and results were recorded in perfusion units (PU). All measurements were performed at baseline, 5 min, 7 days, and 1 month after the application of desensitizers. Data were statistically analyzed by Wilcoxon and two-way ANOVA tests (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the tested desensitizers regarding VAS and PU values. VAS values decreased significantly at 7 days and 1 month after the application of desensitizers compared to baseline in all groups. The decrease in PU values significantly differed only in the Copal Varnish group at 5 min and 7 days after the application of the desensitizer (p < 0.05). A statistically significant difference was found between different times regarding SAI scores in all groups (p < 0.05). Teethmate, Bifluoride 12, and Copal Varnish showed similar effectiveness on dentine hypersensitivity and pulpal blood flow. Long-term clinical trials with larger sample sizes and histological studies are needed to evaluate their impacts on pulpal status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Insight into the interrelation between the structure and mechanical properties of dentin of a tooth is crucial for prevention and treatment of oral cavity diseases. The study of the structure of dental dentin is important for understanding the pathogenetic mechanisms of the spread of cariogenic microflora in progressive dental caries to the pulp and periodontium, as well as for the interpretation of the results of studies of dental dentin-adhesive materials. The in vitro research presented here involved the examination of coronal dentin in 46 intact teeth from rats, cats, dogs, and humans at various distances from the pulp chamber, with a focus on the quantity and diameter of dentinal tubules. The calculations were based on the analysis of 155 scanning electron microscope photographs of the enamel surface and pulp chamber wall. The researchers calculated the quantity and diameter of dentinal tubules per unit area, which they measured at various distances from the pulp chamber. It was found that dentinal tubules are the widest near the pulp chamber wall, where the average diameter ranged from 1.7 to 2.8 µm. The highest values were found in premolars of young humans and the lowest - in the incisors of rats. In the middle portion of the dentin, the diameter of dentinal tubules ranged from 1.0 to 13.3 µm, while at the periphery, it was 0.6–0.9 µm. The highest density of dentinal tubules per unit area was found closest to the pulp horn, and the lowest was in the enamel region. Near the pulp chamber wall, the average density of dentinal tubules ranged from 50 000 to 90 000/mm², in the middle of the dentin, it ranged from 37 000 to 50 000/mm², and at the periphery, it ranged from 10 000 to 25 000/mm². All examined teeth exhibited straight dentinal tubules, except for the rats’ incisors, which showed local irregularities. A comparison was made based on the quantity and width of dentinal tubules in the examined animals and humans.

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate how effectively the bioelectric toothbrush can alleviate dentin hypersensitivity (DHS) by using electrostatic forces to remove biofilm from the tooth surface. Methods: This study divided inpatients of a preventative dental clinic between March and October 2023 into the following two groups: a bioelectric toothbrush group (BET, n = 25) and a non-bioelectric toothbrush group (NBET, n = 18) as a control group. This was a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial study. A survey, the number of hypersensitive teeth, the O’Leary index, the visual analogue scale (VAS), and the Schiff Cold Air Sensitivity Scale (SCASS) were also investigated. Results: When fluoride toothpaste was applied with a bioelectric toothbrush, the subjects’ VAS and SCASS scores reflecting symptoms of hyperesthesia significantly decreased over time, as did the number of hypersensitive teeth and the O’Leary index. Moreover, the bioelectric toothbrush was confirmed to be effective in removing dental plaque. Conclusions: Dental clinics must actively promote bioelectric toothbrushes and fluoride toothpaste for patients suffering from hyperesthesia and pain. Furthermore, these items can be suggested as preventative oral care products to patients with potential hyperesthesia.

Background. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the clinical efficacy (sensitivity reduction) and safety (gum damage) of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) as a tooth desensitizer for adults. Methods. The search strategy was developed and adapted from 12 databases. Two independent reviewers selected the studies in consensus with a third reviewer. Randomized clinical trials with adult volunteers affected by dentin hypersensitivity (DH), and receiving treatment with SDF were included. Studies with volunteers testing tooth whitening products, using some type of desensitizer, or taking analgesic or anti-inflammatory medication were excluded. The risk of bias was assessed according to the RoB 2 tool, and confidence in cumulative evidence, according to GRADE. Results. Only 3 articles were included. The average pain assessed using the visual analog scale was lower in the SDF groups than in the short-term control groups (24h to 7 days) (P=0.0134 and P=0.0015) of the two studies. The third study evaluated a combination of SDF and a CO2 laser, compared to using only SDF, and found no statistical difference between the two (P=0.74). Inflammation and gingival staining were also evaluated in two of the three studies. No adverse effects were reported. All the included studies had a high risk of bias, and the certainty of the evidence was very low. Conclusion. SDF can be used as a safe and effective tooth desensitizer in adults, with good results, as was achieved in a short-term follow-up. However, more studies with longer evaluation periods are required.

Objectives: Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) affects patients' oral health‐related quality of life, but is not always optimally treated in dental offices. The objectives were to assess dentists' DH‐related education, knowledge, and professional behavior and explore relationships between education, knowledge, and behavior. Methods: Survey data were collected from 220 ADA members in the United States. Descriptive and correlational analyses were performed. Results: About half of the respondents agreed/strongly agreed that their dental school had educated them well about diagnosing DH in classroom‐based (53.6%) and clinical settings (48.9%). Lower percentages agreed being well educated about treating DH (40.9%/37.3%). The majority self‐educated themselves about DH after dental school by attending continuing education courses in person or online (60.6%/36.8%), reading articles (64.1%), or consulting with colleagues (59.6%). The majority knew that patients with DH describe their pain as stimulated (91.4%) and that recessed gingiva (89.6%), abrasion lesions (72.3%), tooth whitening (63.1%), erosion lesions (58.6%), and abfraction lesions (51.4%) are risk factors for DH. The majority diagnosed DH with patient self‐reporting, confirmed by exams (81.8%), applying air blasts (53.7%), or cold‐water (52.3%). They treated patients with DH often/very often with over‐the‐counter desensitizing agents (90%), and prescribing fluoride formulations toothpaste (82.8%) and/or potassium nitrate toothpastes (60.9%). In their offices, the majority (73.2%) educated their patients often/very often about DH and used fluoride dental varnish for treating DH (71.8%). The more recently respondents had graduated from dental school, the more positively they described their dental school education (r = 0.14; p < 0.05), the more ways to diagnose DH they used (r = 0.16; p < 0.05) and the more often they used fluoride dental varnish in their offices (r = 0.23; p < 0.001). The more dentists had educated themselves, the more methods for diagnosing DH they used (r = 0.23; p < 0.001) and the more often they used potassium oxalate products (r = 0.19; p < 0.01), Arginine/calcium products (r = 0.19; p < 0.01) and dentin bonding (r = 0.22; p < 0.001). Conclusions: More recently graduating from dental school correlates with more positive evaluations of DH‐related dental school education. The finding that most dentists engage in self‐education about DH after dental school should motivate dental educators to increase education about this topic not only in dental school, but also in continuing education courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomimetic strategies like peptide-guided collagen mineralization promise to enhance the effectiveness of dentin remineralization. We recently reported that rationally designed amelogenin-derived peptides P26 and P32 promoted apatite nucleation, mineralized collagen, and showed potential in enamel regrowth and dentin remineralization. To facilitate the clinical application of amelogenin-derived peptides and to uncover their effectiveness in repairing dentin, we have now implemented a chitosan (CS) hydrogel for peptide delivery and have investigated the effects of P26-CS and P32-CS hydrogels on dentin remineralization using 2 in situ experimental models that exhibited different levels of demineralization. The efficacy of the peptide-CS hydrogels in dentin repair was evaluated by characterizing the microstructure, mineral density, mineral phase, and nanomechanical properties of the remineralized samples. The new strategy of atomic force microscopy PeakForce quantitative nanomechanical mapping was used for direct visualization and nanomechanical analysis of repaired dentin lesions across the lesion depth. Results from the 2 models indicated the potential triple functions of peptide-CS hydrogels for dentin repair: building a highly organized protective mineralized layer on dentin, occluding dentinal tubules by peptide-guided in situ mineralization, and promoting biomimetic dentinal collagen remineralization. Importantly, peptides released from the CS hydrogel could diffuse into the dentinal matrix and penetrate the dentinal tubules, leading to both surface and subsurface remineralization and tubule occlusion. Given our previous findings on peptide-CS hydrogels' potential for remineralizing enamel, we see further promise for hydrogels to treat tooth defects involving multiple hard tissues, as in the case of noncarious cervical lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dentin hypersensitivity is a common disease of the oral cavity, which renders the tooth extremely sensitive to stimuli. These symptoms usually result from the exposure of the dentinal tubules to the external environment. There is a need for a treatment for dentinal hypersensitivity that can overcome the shortcomings of the existing agents. This study thus aimed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of no-ozone cold plasma (NCP), which was developed for safe use in the oral cavity, in conjunction with 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) and hydroxyapatite (HA), which are widely used conventional treatments of hypersensitivity. The fluoride content was evaluated using electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) analysis. Moreover, we confirmed the effect of NCP pre-treatment on the dentinal tubule occlusion by APF and HA as follows: scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry were employed to analyze the exposed dentinal tubules, and the calcium and phosphorus content were measured. Furthermore, an additional experiment was conducted using a metal mesh to analyze the working elements of NCP. All experimental results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and then by using the Turkey test as a post hoc test. EPMA analysis confirmed that the fluoride content of the APF and NCP group was significantly higher than that of the APF group (p < 0.001). The fluoride content of the group treated with APF and NCP equipped with a metal mesh was significantly lower than that in the group treated with APF and NCP and the group treated with APF and NCP equipped with a cotton mesh (p < 0.01). Moreover, the group treated with NCP pre-treated with HA and APF exhibited significantly greater dentinal tubule occlusion than the other groups (p < 0.05). The same result was confirmed by calculating the calcium/phosphorus ratio (p < 0.05). Pre-treatment of the enamel and dentin surfaces with plasma improved hypersensitivity by enhancing fluoride deposition with APF and dentinal tubule occlusion with HA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this review was to provide dentists with comprehensive information regarding dentin hypersensitivity. This includes presenting its etiology, outlining the process of diagnosis, discussing clinical management strategies, and exploring technical approaches aimed at alleviating sensitivity. Dentin hypersensitivity is characterized by distinctive short, sharp pain arising from exposed cervical dentin in response to various external stimuli. The etiological factors cause two specific changes in teeth. First, the dentin surface must be exposed and denuded, which requires the loss of enamel or gingival recession combined with the loss of cementum. The second condition is the opening of the dentin tubules to allow the sensory mechanisms in the pulpal area following stimulation of the dentin surface. The accurate diagnosis of dentin hypersensitivity before receiving therapies is critical for successful treatment. The diagnosis of the disease starts through investigating the medical history of the patient and examination. In the examination, some techniques such as air stream and water rinsing are used in order to simulate the stimulating factors and to determine the degree of pain of the patient. Numerous materials and methods have been proposed to reduce or alleviate sensitivity. These materials typically exert their effects by either sealing dentin tubules or disrupting the transmission of nerve impulses. Generally, the primary approach in addressing dentin hypersensitivity involves the utilization of toothpaste containing potassium salts and fluoride. Newly introduced materials and in-office methods for treating dentin hypersensitivity include bioactive glasses, iontophoresis, CPP-ACP, and lasers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: This prospective, comparative, double-cohort study aimed to compare the efficacy of silver diamine fluoride and potassium iodide (38% SDF+KI; Riva Star®) with sodium fluoride varnish (5% NaF; Duraphat®) in hypersensitive carious lesions in primary teeth to evaluate caries arrest and hypersensitivity relief. Materials and Methods: This study included thirty 2–5-year-olds (mean age = 3.67 ± 1.06 years; 16 males and 14 females) who required a desensitizing treatment for hypersensitive carious defects with visible dentin. A total of 15 of the participants were consecutively allocated to treatment with 5% NaF, and they were further compared to an equal number of participants treated with 38% SDF+KI solutions (n = 15). The treatments were performed following clinical evaluation of caries activity using the International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMSTM) and the Bjørndal criteria (score of 0–9). Parental-reported hypersensitivity was evaluated using a visual analogue scale (0–10 = no to severe pain). Results: Clinical variables were evaluated at baseline and three months after treatment. Thereafter, a significant decline in hypersensitivity/pain led to lower final scores in the Riva Star® group (0.40 ± 1.12, p = 0.002) than in the Duraphat® group (1.40 ± 2.20, p = 0.004). The caries arrest effect was significantly higher in the Riva Star® group (86.7%) compared to the Duraphat® group three months after treatment (13.3%, p < 0.001). In both groups, there were no statistically significant differences in the children's behavior before, during, and after treatment. Conclusions: Ultimately, with both fluoride therapies reducing hypersensitivity/pain significantly, treatment with 38% SDF+KI was clearly more effective in caries arrest than 5% NaF varnish after a 3-month period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study evaluates the effects of a novel nanohydroxyapatite gel and Er: YAG laser on the surface roughness, surface morphology, and elemental content after dentin hypersensitivity treatments. Methods: Dentin discs (2 × 3 × 3 mm3) were prepared from 75 human molars. Out of 75 human molars, 50 were used to evaluate surface roughness and randomly divided into five groups: Group ID (intact dentin), Group DD (demineralized dentin), Group BF (fluoride varnish/Bifluorid 10), Group Lsr (Er: YAG laser-50 mJ, 0.50 W, 10 Hz), and Group NHA (nanohydroxyapatite-containing gel). Dentin hypersensitivity was stimulated by 35% phosphoric acid for 1 min (except Group ID). The surface roughness (Ra, μm) was measured via contact profilometry (n = 10). Out of the 75 sound human molars, 25 were used to evaluate the surface morphology and elemental content using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (n = 5). The data were statistically analyzed using Welsch ANOVA, Games–Howell, Kruskal–Wallis, and Dunn tests (p < 0.05). Results: Group Lsr showed significantly lower surface roughness than Group NHA and Group BF (p < 0.05). The SEM analysis indicated that most of the dentinal tubules were obliterated for Group NHA. Precipitant plugs with partially occluded dentinal tubules were observed for Group BF, while partially or completely occluded tubules with a melting appearance were detected for Group Lsr. The EDS analysis revealed that Group NHA and Group Lsr presented similar calcium and phosphorus amounts to Group ID. All dentin hypersensitivity treatment methods could provide promising results in terms of tubular occlusion efficiency. However, laser treatment resulted in smoother surfaces, which could help prevent dental plaque accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insight into the interrelation between the structure and mechanical properties of dentin of a tooth is crucial for prevention and treatment of oral cavity diseases. The study of the structure of dental dentin is important for understanding the pathogenetic mechanisms of the spread of cariogenic microflora in progressive dental caries to the pulp and periodontium, as well as for the interpretation of the results of studies of dental dentin-adhesive materials. The in vitro research presented here involved the examination of coronal dentin in 46 intact teeth from rats, cats, dogs, and humans at various distances from the pulp chamber, with a focus on the quantity and diameter of dentinal tubules. The calculations were based on the analysis of 155 scanning electron microscope photographs of the enamel surface and pulp chamber wall. The researchers calculated the quantity and diameter of dentinal tubules per unit area, which they measured at various distances from the pulp chamber. It was found that dentinal tubules are the widest near the pulp chamber wall, where the average diameter ranged from 1.7 to 2.8 µm. The highest values were found in premolars of young humans and the lowest - in the incisors of rats. In the middle portion of the dentin, the diameter of dentinal tubules ranged from 1.0 to 13.3 µm, while at the periphery, it was 0.6–0.9 µm. The highest density of dentinal tubules per unit area was found closest to the pulp horn, and the lowest was in the enamel region. Near the pulp chamber wall, the average density of dentinal tubules ranged from 50 000 to 90 000/mm², in the middle of the dentin, it ranged from 37 000 to 50 000/mm², and at the periphery, it ranged from 10 000 to 25 000/mm². All examined teeth exhibited straight dentinal tubules, except for the rats’ incisors, which showed local irregularities. A comparison was made based on the quantity and width of dentinal tubules in the examined animals and humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: A novel anhydrous toothpaste formulation has been developed containing the anti-dentinal hypersensitivity (DH) ingredient stannous fluoride (SnF2).Materials and Methods: This randomised, controlled, examiner-blind, parallel-group, stratified (by baseline Schiff sensitivity score) study compared efficacy of an experimental 'Test' toothpaste (n = 67) containing 0.454% SnF2, 0.072% sodium fluoride and 5% sodium tripolyphosphate (all percentages w/w) with a negative 'Control' 0.76% sodium monofluorophosphate toothpaste (n = 68) in relieving DH in healthy Chinese adults. After 4-6 weeks acclimatisation, DH was assessed at baseline and following 4 and 8 weeks' twice-daily brushing by response to evaporative (air) (Schiff sensitivity score) and tactile (Yeaple probe) stimuli. An analysis of covariance model was used (factor: treatment group; covariate: baseline Schiff sensitivity score).Results: Both Test and Control toothpastes statistically significantly reduced Schiff sensitivity score from baseline after 8 weeks' use; the Test toothpaste also statistically significantly reduced the score after 4 weeks' use (all p < 0.001). The Test toothpaste reduction was statistically significantly superior to the Control toothpaste reduction at both timepoints (p < 0.001). Percentage differences in treatment effects between Test and Control groups were 24.1% at 4 weeks and 31.7% at 8 weeks. Tactile threshold scores for both treatments statistically significantly increased from baseline at both timepoints (all p < 0.001); however, there were no statistically significant differences between Test and Control groups. Both toothpastes were well-tolerated with no adverse events reported.Conclusion: The Test toothpaste containing 0.454% SnF2 reduced DH statistically significantly more than the Control as evaluated by the Schiff sensitivity score, but not by tactile threshold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess the prevalence of dentin hypersensitivity (DH) in an adult population and explore its association with sociodemographic variables, dietary habits and oral health behaviours as there is very little data on this from the Caribbean. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted of consecutive dental patients (18 years and over) attending the UWI School of Dentistry polyclinic. Following informed consent, dental examinations were performed and the presence of DH was assessed clinically by sensitivity to an air blast on individual teeth. Patients were also given a questionnaire. Their answers were processed using statistical software (SPSS version 24). Associations between variables were analysed using the chi-squared test. Results: 300 patients participated, with an age range of 18-81 years and a mean age of 44.7 years (SD 15.7). 68.8% were female and the main ethnic groups were African (45.8%), Indian (29.8%) and mixed (24.4%). Over half of the participants (54.9%) reported a history of sensitive teeth and 52% reported sensitivity to the air syringe on one or more teeth. Based on multivariate logistic regression, a history of sensitive teeth was significantly associated with Indo-Trinidadian ethnicity (OR 2.24, 95% CI: 1.23, 4.45), a history of tooth grinding or jaw clenching (OR 0.38, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.76) and consumption of citrus fruits one to two times daily (OR 0.22, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.85). Those who experienced vomiting irregularly were more likely (OR 2.31, 95% CI: 0.96, 5.54) to have DH. Conclusion: Prevalence of dentin hypersensitivity was high among this sample of dental patients and was associated with ethnicity, tooth grinding and dietary practices.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objective This study aimed to evaluate whether the use of desensitizing dentifrices containing obliterating agents can affect bond strength of eroded/abraded dentin. Methodology A total of 100 dentin samples were obtained from human molars. The teeth were cut into 3 mm-thickness discs and allocated in five groups (n=20), according to the toothpaste used: WoF – abrasion with fluoride-free toothpaste (Cocoricó); Arg – toothpaste containing arginine (Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief); Nov – calcium sodium phosphosilicate toothpaste (Sensodyne Repair and Protect); SnF – fluoride-containing toothpaste (AmF/SnCl2/SnF2 – Elmex Erosion); and Control (no erosive/abrasive process). The erosive/abrasive cycle consisted of immersion in citric acid (1%, pH 2.6, 5 min, 4×/day) and abrasion (2×/day, 120–20 sec abrasion, 100 sec immersion) with each toothpaste. During intervals, samples were immersed in artificial saliva. This cycle was performed for five days. Two resin cylinders (2 mm in diameter) were constructed on each sample for the shear bond strength test using a universal adhesive system. The self-etch and etch-and-rinse (Scotchbond Universal) strategies were employed, each in half of the total sample (n=10). Bond strength (MPa) was measured in a shear test and failure modes were assessed with a stereomicroscope. Statistical analysis was performed using the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests (p

Aim: To compare and evaluate the effectiveness of three commercially available desensitizing mouthwashes on dentinal tubule occlusion in vitro using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Materials and Methods: Twenty-seven premolar maxillary teeth were collected and cleaned to remove debris and tissue using an ultrasonic scaler. Enamel was removed with the help of a high-speed plain cut tungsten carbide fissure bur under continuous water spray. Dentinal discs measuring 5 mm × 5 mm × 3 mm were prepared from the coronal region of the extracted teeth using a double-sided carborundum disc and straight micromotor handpiece. Using carborundum paper, the discs were polished and washed with distilled water. The discs were etched using 37% phosphoric acid to remove any smear layer that was caused by the grinding process and to simulate dentinal hypersensitivity by opening the dentinal tubules. The specimens were again washed and stored in distilled water until use. Samples were then randomly allocated into Group A: calcium sodium phosphosilicate mouthwash, Group B: potassium nitrate mouthwash, and Group C: dipotassium oxalate monohydrate mouthwash. The specimens were immersed in a test tube filled with the respective mouthwash and vigorously shaken for 60 s for simulating the natural mouth rinsing action. This procedure was repeated for 7 days, twice daily. To compare and assess the proportion of dentinal tubule occlusion, all the samples were processed and examined under an SEM. Results: The efficacy of the mouthwash on the obliteration of dentinal tubules was compared using the Kruskal–Walis analysis of variance test followed by the post hoc Mann–Whitney U test for pairwise comparison. Group A showed completely occluded tubules in 5 (55.6) and mostly occluded tubules in 4 (44.4). Group B showed mostly occluded in 4 samples (44.4) and partially occluded in 5 samples (55.6) and Group C showed completely occluded tubules in 3 samples (33.3) and mostly occluded tubules in 6 samples (66.7). A P value of 0.05 or less is regarded as statistically significant. FNx01P ≤ 0.05 is statistically significant. Between Group A and Group B as well as between Group B and Group C, there was a statistically significant difference. However, a statistically significant difference between Group A and Group C does not exist. Conclusion: The calcium sodium phosphosilicate group was shown to have the most occlusion of the dentinal tubule, followed by dipotassium oxalate monohydrate and potassium nitrate group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are two main methods used for dentin hypersensitivity (DH) treatment: dentinal tubule occlusion and blockage of nerve activity. Dentifrices are the most common vehicles for active ingredients used for DH treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of three toothpastes on dentinal tubule occlusion, mineral acquisition, and dentin hardness. Forty human dentin disks were submerged in 40% citric acid for 30 s and then exposed to tooth brushing for 2 min twice a day for 14 days using three toothpastes: Dontodent Sensitive (group 1), Dr. Wolff's Biorepair (group 2), and Sensodyne Repair and Protect (group 3). In the control group (group 4), the samples were brushed with water. All of the samples were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Vickers dentin hardness determination. On SEM images, the degree of dentinal tubule occlusion was assessed using a five-grade scale. The mean score values in groups 1–4 were 3.60 ± 0.69, 2.20 ± 0.91, 2.30 ± 1.16, and 5.00 ± 0.00, significantly higher in study groups when compared to the control group (Kruskal Wallis test p < 0.05). EDX evaluation showed significantly higher calcium and phosphorus concentrations in groups 1 and 3 when compared to control group d. The mean values of Vickers dentin hardness numbers in groups 1–4 were 243.03 ± 10.014, 327.38 ± 56.65, 260.29 ± 37.69, and 225.83 ± 29.93, respectively. No statistically significant results were obtained when comparing the hardness mean values in groups (Kruskal-Wallis statistical test, p = 0.372 > 0.05). All three toothpastes tested demonstrated significant occlusion of dentinal tubules. Dontodent Sensitive and Sensodyne Repair and Protect toothpastes enhanced the calcium and phosphorus content of the dentin surface. None of the toothpastes increased dentin hardness as a result of mineral acquisition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of the 980-nm diode laser for dentinal tubule occlusion, measure the intrapulpal temperature, and investigate the dental pulp response. Materials and methods: The dentinal samples were randomly divided into G1–G7 groups: control; 980-nm laser irradiation (0.5 W, 10 s; 0.5 W, 10 s × 2; 0.8 W, 10 s; 0.8 W, 10 s × 2; 1.0 W, 10 s; 1.0 W, 10 s × 2). The dentin discs were applied for laser irradiation and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The intrapulpal temperature was measured on the 1.0-mm and 2.0-mm thickness samples, and then divided into G2–G7 groups according to laser irradiation. Moreover, forty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the laser-irradiated group (euthanized at 1, 7, and 14 days after irradiation) and the control group (non-irradiated). qRT-PCR, histomorphology, and immunohistochemistry analysis were employed to evaluate the response of dental pulp. Results: SEM indicated the occluding ratio of dentinal tubules in the G5 (0.8 W, 10 s × 2) and G7 (1.0 W, 10 s × 2) were significantly higher than the other groups (p < 0.05). The maximum intrapulpal temperature rises in the G5 were lower than the standard line (5.5 ℃). qRT-PCR showed that the mRNA expression level of TNF-α and HSP-70 upregulated significantly at 1 day (p < 0.05). Histomorphology and immunohistochemistry analysis showed that, compared with the control group, the inflammatory reaction was slightly higher at the 1 and 7 days (p < 0.05) and decreased to the normal levels at 14 days (p > 0.05). Conclusions: A 980-nm laser at a power of 0.8 W with 10 s × 2 defines the best treatment for dentin hypersensitivity in terms of compromise between the efficacy of the treatment and the safety of the pulp. Clinical relevance: The 980-nm laser is an effective option for treating dentin sensitivity. However, we need to ensure the safety of the pulp during laser irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this laboratory study was to investigate and compare the impact of five desensitizing techniques as a treatment fortooth sensitivity on the exposed dentin after an in-office tooth bleaching procedure. Thirty intact human molars were collected for this investigation. The specimens were obtained by transversely cutting 2.5 mm of the crowns, leading to exposure of the dentin. The specimens were cleaned in an ultrasonic bath and treated initially with EDTA gel 15% for 4 min and then with Opalescence Boost bleaching gel (40% H2O2) for two sets of 20 min. Then, the samples were randomly divided into six groups (n = 5) and received one of the following treatments: Group 1 (no treatment—control group), Group 2 (Emofluor gel—0.4% SnF2), Group 3 (MI Paste—CPP-ACPF), Group 4 (BioMinF paste—calcium phospho-fluoro-silicate), Group 5 (air-abrasion with ProSylc—Bioglass 45S5), and Group 6 (Er,Cr:YSGG laser). Subsequently, each sample was observed utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to detect the rate of occlusion of dentin tubules. SEM-EDS analysis revealed no occlusion of the dentin tubules in the control group, while Groups 2, 4, and 5 presented high effectiveness (>95% percentage of occluded tubules), and Groups 3 and 6 presented lower values (21.6 and 26.8%, respectively). It was concluded that althoughall the tested groups presented higher percentages of occlusion of the dentinal tubules compared to the control group, there were differences in effectiveness among them. The most effective treatments were the daily use of BioMinF paste and SnF2-containing gel, as well as air-abrasion with ProSylc powder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study was conducted in order to determine the efficacy of bifluoride 10 versus conventional fluoride in the management of hypersensitivity of exposed cervical area in adult patient. Material and method: The study design was A two arms, parallel-group, randomized, controlled trial study was conducted on 24 patient with 68 teeth suffering from cervical dentin hypersensitivity received desensitizing agents using either Bifluorid 10 or sodium fluoride varnish . Teeth are divided into two groups based on the received treatment (n = 34 for each groupn): group (1): Bifluorid 10 ; group(2): sodium fluoride varnish (5%) . The degree of hypersensitivity was measured by using a visual analogue scale (VAS) before the agents were applied, 2 minutes after application, after 1, 4 and 8 weeks . Human extracted premolars were used to prepare dentin discs for use as a hypersensitivity model specimen. The sample was used on a fixed appliance. two months after using a different desinsitizer product. A scanning electron microscope was used to examine the dentinal tubules occlusion of the specimen . Result: Regarding VAS, Intergroup comparison between both materials showed no statistically significant difference after 2 minutes and 1 week (P = 0.2960, P = 0.5893), while at pre-intervention, 4- and 8-weeks interventions (P = 0.0208, P = 0.002, P < 0.0001) intergroup comparison revealed statistically significant difference in favor of bifluorid 10. Intragroup comparison within Bifluorid 10 and NaF have shown statistically significant difference between different follow-up periods(P < 0.0001*). More fully occluded tubules were observed in Bifluoride 10 than in sodium fluoride varnish. Conclusion: In office desensitizing agents are reliable methods for immediate relief of pain, Bifluorid 10 is an effective desensitizing agent and its effect increase with time, Sodium fluoride desensitizing agents provide instant relief but effect is constant and doesn't improve with time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]