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Objective: To analyze the developmental trajectories of depressive symptoms in middle school students and their relationship with school connection and self-efficacy, and to provide evidence for the prevention of early adolescent depressive symptoms. Methods: In March (T1), June (T2), December (T3), 809 middle school students were followed up in 2023 using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), School Connection Scale (SCS) and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). The heterogeneity of the developmental trajectory of depressive symptoms in early adolescents was analyzed by the latent variable growth mixed model (LGMM), and the relation-ship between the developmental trajectory of depressive symptoms and school connection and self-efficacy was analyzed by multiple logistic regression. Results: LGMM results showed that the development trajectory of early depressive symptoms in adolescents could be divided into: "low level-remission group" (65.3%), "low level-stable group" (28.6%) and "medium level-worsening group" (6.1%). Logistic regression analysis showed that male students OR = 0.62, 95% * CI = 0.44 - 0.86 ) and school connection (OR = 0.91, 95% * CI = 0.88 - 0.94) were the protective factors in the "low level-stable group". Boys ( OR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.13-0.53), school connection (OR = 0.93, 95% * CI = 0.88 - 0.98) and self-efficacy (OR = 0.9, 95% * CI = 0.85 - 0.96) were the protective factors in the "medium level-worsening". Conclusion: There is heterogeneity in the developmental trajectory of early adolescent depressive symptoms, and school connection and self-efficacy are protective factors for the development of early adolescent depressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore relationships and differences of perceived social support and depression-anxiety symptoms between rural-to-urban migrated residents and rural residents. Methods: A total of 5 958 rural-to-ur-ban migrated residents and 4 720 rural residents were recruited. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and Perceived Social Support Scale were used to assess symptoms of depression, anxiety, and social support, respectively. Network estimation, centrality and predictability measurement, accuracy and stability verification, and network comparison were conducted based on R 4.2.0 to compare the network structure differences between the two groups of residents. Results: In rural-to-urban migrated residents, "lack of energy" in depressive symptoms and "inability to control worry" in anxiety symptoms were the nodes with the highest expected influence (EI). In rural residents, "low self-evaluation" in depressive symptoms and "difficulty relaxing" in anxiety symptoms were the nodes with the highest EI. The highest node of perceived social support EI for both groups was "support from relatives/leaders. "The bridge nodes were the same for rural-to-urban migrated residents and rural residents, with "be down in spirits" being the nodes with the highest bridge expected influence. The results of net-work comparison test showed that the overall network structure of rural-to-urban migrated residents and rural residents was statistically different (P<0.05). Conclusion: There are correlation and difference among depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and perceived social support in rural-to-urban migrated and rural residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the impact of traumatic experiences on panic attack, depression and anxiety symptoms among community residents. Methods: Totally 11 280 community residents were recruited. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview-3.0, Patient Health Questionnaire, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale and general information questionnaire were used for face-to-face interview to collect information. Propensity Score Matching was conducted to match 5 184 community residents for analysis. Logistic regression was employed to analyze the impact of traumatic events on panic attack, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms among the study sample. Results: Traumatic events were associated with a higher likelihood of experiencing panic attack (OR = 3. 26, 95% CI: 2. 264. 70), depression symptoms (OR = 1. 92, 95% CI: 1.562.37) and anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1. 24–1.99). Conclusion: Traumatic events extensively impact the mental health of community residents. Timely psychological support and early intervention are essential to prevent mental health issues in community residents affected by trauma [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-esteem is a powerful protective factor against depressive symptoms, with cognitive vulnerability theory suggesting that early self-esteem more strongly predicts later depressive symptoms than vice versa. While some meta-analyses have examined these relationships, limited knowledge exists on the prospective relationship between self-esteem and depressive symptoms, particularly how it changes with age. This study conducted a longitudinal meta-analysis of nine studies (20,733 participants) on the prospective relationship between self-esteem and depressive symptoms in Korean children and adolescents. Relationships were analyzed by integrating the effect sizes of 22 zero-order correlations and 17 partial correlations and examining age-related changes. The results indicated significant negative correlations in both zero-order and partial correlations. Age-related changes showed a reverse U-shape trend in partial correlations, with the strongest negative association during childhood, weakening until age 14, and then strengthening again. Moderator analysis revealed no significant effect size variation based on publication type or gender proportion, but more recent birth cohorts exhibited a stronger negative relationship in zero-order correlations. Significant differences were also found based on the measurement instrument of depressive symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of tailored interventions to enhance self-esteem and mitigate depressive symptoms, extending the cognitive vulnerability model within Korea's cultural context and providing insights into Korean youth mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stroke is a prevalent neurological disorder globally, often resulting in post-stroke depression (PSD). The cardiometabolic index (CMI) is a novel marker for assessing cardiovascular and metabolic health, but its association with PSD has not been adequately investigated. This study aims to explore the relationship between CMI and PSD, providing a basis for clinical prevention and treatment. Methods: We utilized data from the 2007–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in this cross-sectional analysis. Multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were applied to assess the independent and linear relationships between CMI and PSD. To minimize confounding, propensity score matching (PSM) was employed. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were also conducted to further explore potential effect modifications. Results: A total of 1082 participants were included, with 18.67% diagnosed with PSD. Higher CMI levels were positively associated with PSD in stroke patients. In the fully adjusted model, the association between CMI and PSD remained significant (OR = 1.06; 95% CI 1.01–1.12). RCS analysis indicated a linear relationship between CMI and PSD (nonlinearity P = 0.334). Subgroup analyses showed that this association persisted across different groups (all P for trend > 0.05). After covariate balance through PSM, the positive association between CMI and PSD was further supported. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a positive association between CMI and PSD. CMI may serve as a useful tool for evaluating the risk of depressive symptom in stroke patients, potentially aiding in targeted clinical interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Depressive symptom, a pervasive mental health disorder, has garnered increasing attention due to its intricate interconnections with various physiological processes. One emerging avenue of investigation delves into the potential association between depressive symptom and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), a parameter reflecting insulin resistance. The intricate interplay between these two domains holds promising implications for understanding the multifaceted nature of depressive symptom and its impact on metabolic health. Methods: We used weighted multivariable logistic regression models with subgroup analysis to explore the relationship between depressive symptom and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Non-linear correlations were explored using fitted smoothing curves. Then, we constructed a two-piece linear regression model and performed a recursive algorithm to calculate the inflection point. Results: The study included 20,282 participants in the United States. In the regression model adjusted for all confounding variables, the odds ratio (OR) for the correlation between depressive symptom and the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was 1.01 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.01). However, a significant discrepancy between trend tests and regression analyses suggests a potential non-linear relationship between depressive symptom and the assessment of insulin resistance using the Homeostasis Model. Constrained cubic spline analysis confirmed this non-linear relationship, identifying an inflection point at 10.47. Before the inflection point, depressive symptom exhibited a significantly positive correlation with the assessment of insulin resistance using the Homeostasis Model. However, after the inflection point, a negative correlation was observed, though it did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: We found a curve-like relationship between depressive symptom and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cognitive impairment among older adults is a significant public health concern worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of cognitive impairment, its correlates, and the mediating role of depressive symptoms between frailty and cognitive impairment among older adults in northeast region of China. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which used the intercept interview method to recruit participants. Social demographic characteristic, health-related behaviours, physical health, and functional status of the participants were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to correlates of cognitive impairment. Additionally, mediating effect analysis was performed using the Bootstrap tool. Results: Among the 2,859 older adults included in the study, 32.4% of participants screened positive for cognitive impairment. Higher educational attainment had negative association with cognitive impairment in older adults (p < 0.05). Living in rural areas, fair/poor self-rated health, pre-frailty, frailty, having depressive symptoms, impaired activities of daily living, poor sleep quality, and inactive physical activity had positive association with cognitive impairment in older adults (p < 0.05). Furthermore, depressive symptoms exhibited a partial mediating role between frailty and cognitive impairment, with a mediating effect of 58.0%. Conclusions: Preventive measures should be implemented to address the associated factors with cognitive impairment. Promoting higher education levels, advocating for a positive and healthy lifestyle, and ensuring their physical and mental well-being among older adults are essential. Early diagnosis and proactive prevention of frailty and depressive symptoms in older adults may effectively decelerate cognitive decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Depressive symptom is the most common type of psychiatric co-morbidity among persons with epilepsy. Epilepsy patients are identified as at higher risk of suffering depressive symptom explicitly in low- and middle-income countries due to poor mental health care systems and financial burdens. The co-occurrence of depressive symptom among epilepsy patients deteriorates the prognosis of the disease and diminishes the quality of life of both the patients and their families. However, there is limited evidence on the prevalence of depressive symptom and associated factors in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study is intended to assess the prevalence of depressive symptom and associated factors among epilepsy patients attending in Amhara region, Ethiopia. Method: A multi-center institution-based cross-sectional study was done among epilepsy patients attending at Amhara region, Ethiopia. The Hospital Anxiety Depression tool was used to assess depressive symptom. To determine the factors associated with depressive symptom, a binary logistic regression model was used. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with the 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was reported in the multivariable binary logistic regression analysis. Results: About 406 participants were registered in the study with a response rate of 97.6%. The prevalence of depressive symptom among epilepsy patients was 53.9% [95%CI: 49.1%, 58.8%]. In the multivariable binary logistic regression analysis, taking polytherapy treatment [AOR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.04, 3.36], perceived stigma [AOR = 5.73, 95%CI: 3.11, 10.55], poor antiepileptic medication adherence [AOR = 3.33, 95%CI: 1.30, 8.54] and having poor [AOR = 5.83, 95%CI: 2.44, 13.90] and moderate social support [AOR = 3.08, 95%CI: 1.34, 7.09] were significantly associated with depressive symptom. Conclusions: This study revealed that the magnitude of depressive symptom among epilepsy patients in Ethiopia was relatively high and multiple factors determined the likelihood of depressive symptom. Thus, healthcare providers and concerned stakeholders should strengthen comprehensive health education to reduce the magnitude and consequences of depressive symptom among this segment of the population. Moreover, strong social support with special attention should be given to epilepsy patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies reported that depressive symptoms were associated with a high risk of all-cause mortality. However, the effect of different long-term depressive symptom trajectory patterns on the risk of all-cause mortality has not been evaluated. Our research aimed to explore the association between different depressive symptom trajectories and the risk of all-cause mortality in Chinese adults. The data we used were from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. In total, 13,624 subjects aged over 45 years were ultimately included in the analysis. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify the different trajectories of depressive symptoms. The multivariable Cox regression model was used to examine the association between long-term depressive symptom trajectories and all-cause mortality. The results show that a total of five depressive symptom trajectories were identified in our study, including stable-low, stable-moderate, increasing, decreasing and stable-high. Compared with individuals in the stable-low depressive symptom trajectories group, those in the increasing and stable-high trajectory groups possessed a greater mortality rate, with a multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (95% CIs) for mortality were 1.30 (1.06, 1.60) and 1.59 (1.26, 2.02), respectively. In addition, we have not identified the significant risk of all-cause mortality in people with decreased and stable-moderate symptom trajectories. Moreover, the risk of all-cause mortality had an increasing trend among the different trajectory groups. In the sensitivity analysis, the association was robust in most of the subgroups. In conclusion, people with increasing and persistent higher depressive symptom trajectories were associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study investigates the effect of dietary fiber on the prevention of depressive symptoms. Methods: In a cohort of 88,826 Korean adults (57,284 men and 31,542 women), we longitudinally evaluated the risk of depressive symptoms according to quartiles of dietary fiber intake for 5.8 years of follow-up. A food frequency questionnaire was used in evaluating dietary fiber intake. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale, in which CES-D ≥ 16 was defined as depressive symptoms. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for depressive symptoms (adjusted HR [95% CI]). Subgroup analysis was performed for gender and BMI (≥25 or <25). Result: In men, the risk of depressive symptoms significantly decreased with the increase of dietary fiber (quartile 1: reference, quartile 2: 0.93 [0.87–0.99], quartile 3: 0.91 [0.85–0.98] and quartile 4: 0.84 [0.77–0.92]). This association was more prominently observed in men with BMI ≥ 25 (quartile 1: reference, quartile 2: 0.95 [0.86–1.06], quartile 3: 0.88 [0.79–0.99] and quartile 4: 0.84 [0.73–0.97]). Women did not show a significant association between quartile groups of dietary fiber intake and the risk of depressive symptoms across subgroup analysis for BMI. Conclusion: High intake of dietary fiber is potentially effective in reducing depressive symptoms in Korean men. The protective effect of dietary fiber on depressive symptoms may vary by gender and obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The effect of Meaning-Centered Interventions (MCI) in advanced cancer patients requires further comprehensive research. Methods: Two researchers independently searched the PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Cochrane, and PsycINFO databases to investigate the impact of MCI on anxiety and depressive symptoms, sense of meaning, and quality of life (QoL) in patients with advanced cancer from inception to April 2024. Statistical analyses were conducted using standardized mean difference (SMD) as the effect size with Stata 17.0 software for analysis, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was employed to assess the certainty of evidence. Results: Data from 12 eligible studies, involving a total of 1,459 participants, were included in the review. The analysis found that 3 studies with 321 participants reported an improvement in the quality of life (QoL) of patients with advanced cancer within one month after the intervention, compared to the control group (SMD, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.52; I2 = 0%; p = 0.03). However, this effect did not persist during the 2–6 months following the intervention. In addition, 4 studies with 434 participants indicated that MCI was associated with an enhanced sense of meaning (SMD, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.36; I2 = 0%; p = 0.002). Furthermore, 8 studies with 1,192 participants and 7 studies with 1,156 participants found that MCI was associated with a reduction in depressive symptoms (SMD, -0.15; 95% CI, -0.24 to -0.05; I2 = 44.8%; p = 0.002) and anxiety symptoms (SMD, -0.16; 95% CI, -0.26 to -0.07; I2 = 46.3%; p = 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: Moderate-quality evidence indicates that MCI enhances the sense of meaning among patients with advanced cancer and reduces depressive and anxiety symptoms, but it does not improve their QoL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study aimed to investigate the impact of subjective socioeconomic status (SES) and job satisfaction on psychological symptoms of economically active people with disabilities. Data from the Korean Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled (PSED) from 2016 to 2018 were assessed using a longitudinal analysis. A total of 1591 individuals were included as the study population. To explore the impact of subjective SES and job satisfaction on psychological symptoms, a generalized estimating equation model was applied. People who were dissatisfied with their jobs and perceived themselves to have a low SES were 1.73 times more likely to have stress. Likewise, people with low job satisfaction and low subjective SES were 3.83 times more likely to have depressive symptoms, and even if subjective SES was high, those dissatisfied with their jobs were 4.24 times more likely to develop depressive symptoms. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that subjective SES had a greater influence on the psychological health of the economically active disabled population. These results highlight the importance of considering a disabled person's subjective socioeconomic factors and suggest ways to help them achieve a healthier and more fulfilling life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of PMS and depressive symptoms and to determine their association among Korean adolescent girls using a nationally representative cross-sectional survey. Materials and methods: The Korean Study of Women's Health Related Issues (K-Stori)was used. Of the 3000 adolescent girls aged 14–17 years, the study subjects were 2970 girls after menarche. Depressive symptom was assessed with the PHQ-9. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to investigate factors associated with depressive symptom. Results: The prevalence of PMS was 70.5 %. Irritability (43.8 %), abdominal bloating (32.8 %), and breast tenderness (27.5 %) were the most predominant symptoms. The prevalence of depressive symptom was 15.5 %. Girls with PMS were more likely to be depressed than those who did not experience PMS (OR, 1.70; CI, 1.31–2.20). BMI was not associated with depressive symptom. However, a significant association was noted between satisfaction with one's body image and depressive symptom. Ever-smokers were more likely to be depressed than never-smokers (OR, 1.64; CI, 1.10–2.45). Conclusions: PMS were significantly associated with depressive symptom. PMS should be taken into account in the management of depression. Our study emphasized the significance of a multidisciplinary approach.

Abstract Background Stroke is a prevalent neurological disorder globally, often resulting in post-stroke depression (PSD). The cardiometabolic index (CMI) is a novel marker for assessing cardiovascular and metabolic health, but its association with PSD has not been adequately investigated. This study aims to explore the relationship between CMI and PSD, providing a basis for clinical prevention and treatment. Methods We utilized data from the 2007–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in this cross-sectional analysis. Multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were applied to assess the independent and linear relationships between CMI and PSD. To minimize confounding, propensity score matching (PSM) was employed. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were also conducted to further explore potential effect modifications. Results A total of 1082 participants were included, with 18.67% diagnosed with PSD. Higher CMI levels were positively associated with PSD in stroke patients. In the fully adjusted model, the association between CMI and PSD remained significant (OR = 1.06; 95% CI 1.01–1.12). RCS analysis indicated a linear relationship between CMI and PSD (nonlinearity P = 0.334). Subgroup analyses showed that this association persisted across different groups (all P for trend > 0.05). After covariate balance through PSM, the positive association between CMI and PSD was further supported. Conclusion This study demonstrates a positive association between CMI and PSD. CMI may serve as a useful tool for evaluating the risk of depressive symptom in stroke patients, potentially aiding in targeted clinical interventions.

Abstract This study aimed to assess its relationship between physical activity with health-related indicators in older population of the China. Cross-sectional data of 1,327 individuals aged 60–79 years were analyzed. Based on the Fifth National Physical Fitness Monitoring Program, depressive symptom and loneliness were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Emotional versus Social Loneliness Scales, respectively. Sleep quality was evaluated through self-designed questionnaire and hypertension was defined as blood pressure > 140/90 mmHg. International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form was conducted to assess the physical activity (minutes and frequency) in different domains (domestic, transport, work, and leisure). Multivariable-adjusted binary logistic regression models estimated for the prevalence of health-related indicators, considering PA level, duration, frequency, and combinations of different domains of PA. In the study, favorable associations were observed between moderate to high level PA and reductions in 4 health-related indicators, especially for active frequency. Moreover, a combination of transport, domestic, and leisure PA was found to be a general protective factor for health-related indicators. In summary, this study highlights the positive impact of PA on older adults’ health and provides valuable insights into the role of different PA patterns, offering a theoretical basis for developing PA guidelines, policies, and health interventions.

BackgroundDepression as a major mental health condition is commonly found in junior high school students. Peer attachment， emotional resilience and childhood abuse have been found to be associated with depressive symptoms， and it has been hypothesized that peer attachment and emotional resilience may play a chained effecting path in the relationship between childhood abuse and depressive symptoms in junior high school students.ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between childhood abuse and depressive symptom in junior high school students， analyze the effecting path of peer attachment and emotional resilience， thus to provide references for improving the mental health of junior high school students.MethodsFrom May to July 2022， a cluster sampling technique was utilized to recruit 1 781 junior high school students from a junior high school in Anhui province. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form （CTQ-SF）， Revised version of Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment （IPPA-R）， Adolescent' Emotional Resilience Questionnaire （AERQ） and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale （CES-D） were used as the measurement tools. Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to assess the correlation among above scales. Process4.2 and Bootstrapping method were employed to verify the effecting path of peer attachment and emotional resilience in the relationship between childhood abuse and depressive symptoms.ResultsCTQ-SF score was negatively correlated with IPPA-R peer attachment subscale score and AERQ score （r=-0.527， -0.495， P

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to examine the associations of arthritis with functional disability and depressive symptoms among general US adults. Additionally, it explored the relationship between radiographic knee osteoarthritis (assessed by X‐ray examination) and functional disability. Above findings seek to highlight the need for comprehensive physical and mental health management in individuals with arthritis. Methods We designed a cross‐sectional study utilizing multivariable logistic regression models to examine the associations. Odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were documented in a crude model and three adjusted models. Participants were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1988–1994 and 1999–2018. Arthritis was self‐reported or graded by the Kellgren–Lawrence score after an objective X‐ray examination. Functional disability included disability in activities of daily living (ADL disability), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL disability), and mobility disability. Depressive symptom was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ). Results We included 22,566 older adults (≥60 years; 10,961 had self‐reported arthritis) for functional disability analysis (2377 older adults with data on X‐ray examination; 1012 had radiographic knee osteoarthritis) and 32,056 adults (≥20 years; 9175 had self‐reported arthritis) for depressive symptom analysis. After controlling for all covariates, self‐reported arthritis was associated with ADL disability (odds ratios [OR]: 2.677; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.499–2.868), IADL disability (OR: 2.064; 95% CI: 1.940–2.196), and mobility disability (OR: 2.954; 95% CI: 2.778–3.142), and depressive symptom (OR: 2.177; 95% CI: 1.979–2.395). In participants with data on X‐ray examination, radiographic knee osteoarthritis was only associated with mobility disability (OR: 1.437; 95% CI: 1.183–1.744). Conclusions Self‐reported arthritis was associated with ADL disability, IADL disability and mobility disability, and depressive symptoms. Among participants with X‐ray data, radiographic knee osteoarthritis was only associated with mobility disability in general US adults. Appropriate managements of both physical and mental health are needed for individuals with arthritis.

BackgroundThe high-quality development of manufacturing in China has spurred industrial transformation and upgrading, placing higher demands on the skills of employees in the electronic manufacturing industry. This situation may induce psychological health problems such as job burnout and depressive symptoms in the employees, and also lead to insomnia, which has become a public health problem that urgently needs attention and solution. ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between job burnout, depressive symptoms, and insomnia among employees in the electronic manufacturing industry. MethodsA total of 3034 employees from four electronic manufacturing companies in Beijing City, Shanghai City, and Guangdong Province were selected using judgment sampling from September to November 2019. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Self-Administered Sleep Questionnaire were used to collect data. The correlation between job burnout, depressive symptoms, and insomnia was evaluated by hierarchical regression. ResultsA total of 3034 survey questionnaires were distributed, and 2614 valid questionnaires were collected, with a response effectiveness rate of 86.2%. The reporting rates of job burnout, depressive symptoms, and insomnia among employees in the electronic manufacturing industry were 47.2%, 19.5%, and 29.1%, respectively. The reporting rates of insomnia of employees in the job burnout group and depressive symptoms group were higher than those in the non-job burnout group and non-depressive symptoms group (35.3% vs. 23.6%, 47.2% vs. 24.7%, P＜0.001). The results of hierarchical regression showed that job burnout explained 2.8% of the variation of insomnia (P

Renjian Kan,1 Haibo Xu2,3 1School of Nursing, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Research Center for Psychological Crisis Prevention and Intervention of College Students in Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Haibo Xu, Email xhb@xzhmu.edu.cnPurpose: To examine the influence of learning adjustment dimensions (motivation, attitude, ability, teaching pattern, and environment) on depressive symptoms in Chinese nursing freshmen, and the mediating role of psychological capital.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 471 nursing freshmen at a university in May 2024. The anonymous self-reported questionnaire included the Patient Health Questionnaire, the Learning Adjustment Questionnaire, and the Psychological Capital Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS v25.0 and PROCESS v4.1 macro, including correlation and mediation analysis.Results: Learning adjustment had a significant direct effect on depressive symptoms among nursing freshmen (β = − 0.565, p < 0.001), and psychological capital partially mediated this relationship (β= − 0.156, 95% Boot CI [− 0.107, − 0.135]), suggesting psychological capital explains part of the link between poor learning adjustment and depressive symptoms.Conclusion: More attention should be paid to the mental health issues of freshmen. Addressing learning adjustment issues and fostering psychological capital among nursing freshmen may alleviate depressive symptoms, which will require relevant educational interventions and mental health support from university educators and counselors.Keywords: depressive symptom, learning adjustment, psychological capital, nursing freshmen

Abstract Based on Chinese Students’ Fitness Health Examination, this study sought to investigate the relationships between depressive symptoms and family environment, physical activity, dietary habits, sleep and sedentary behavior among children and adolescents. A cross-sectional study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms in 32,389 participants (grades 4-12) using the CES-D. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationships between lifestyle determinants and depressive symptoms, and a random forest model was used to rank the importance of those determinants. The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms was 39.93%. Students with depressive symptoms had higher grades, lower parental educational levels and unhealthy lifestyles (P

BackgroundMetacognition， the capacity to monitor and control one's cognitive processes， has been identified as a crucial component of effective decision-making and behavioral adaptation. Previous research has revealed cognitive deficits in patients with major depressive disorder （MDD）， while findings about metacognitive capacities in patients with MDD have been inconsistent across studies， and the exact relationship between metacognitive capacities and clinical symptoms in MDD patients remains uncertain.ObjectiveTo examine the metacognitive capacities of adolescent hospitalized patients with MDD and to explore its relationship with depressive and anxiety symptoms， thus providing an unprecedented insight into the prevention of MDD.MethodsA coherent 56 adolescent hospitalized patients with MDD in the Psychiatry Department at the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from March 2022 to June 2023 and met the diagnostic criteria for depression as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fourth edition （DSM-IV） were enrolled as MDD group. At the same time， 62 healthy individuals matched with the age and sex of the MDD group residing in Luzhou were concurrently selected as control group. The metacognitive ability of the two groups was evaluated by perceptual decision-making task and confidence rating task， and the indicators included confidence deviation， reaction time of confidence evaluation and metacognitive efficiency. Additionally， the severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms was measured with Beck Depression Inventory （BDI） and Beck Anxiety Inventory （BAI）. Pearson correlation analysis was utilized to examine the relationship between metacognitive capacities and clinical symptoms.ResultsMDD group scored higher on BDI and BAI when compared with control group （t=-13.722， -9.674， P0.05）. In terms of metacognitive performance， MDD group reported a reduction in overall confidence， confidence in correct decisions， confidence in incorrect decisions and metacognitive efficiency compared with control group （t=3.044， 2.769， 2.836， 3.667， P0.05）. Furthermore， metacognitive efficiency in MDD patients exhibited negative correlation with both BDI and BAI scores （r=-0.269， -0.290， P

Abstract Background The exact mechanisms underlying depression are not well understood. Chronic, low-grade inflammation is believed to play an important role in its development. The present study investigates the potential association between depressive symptoms and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Methods Seven data cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were extracted. Multivariable logistic regression and a generalized additive model were employed to determine the association. Results Thirty thousand eight hundred ninety-six subjects were analyzed. The results indicated that anhedonia and fatigue were significantly associated with NLR. Additionally, the generalized additive model results indicated a non-linear relationship between anhedonia, sleep disturbance and NLR. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that the correlation between anhedonia and NLR was significant in the above-60-year-old group (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.14–2.33) and the male group (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.07–2.10). Sleep disturbance was associated with NLR in the female group (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.04–1.77). Fatigue was associated with NLR (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.02–1.67) in the female group, as was the case in the non-Hispanic White group (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.02–1.70). Conclusions There were associations between NLR and specific symptoms, and these associations varied across demographic subgroups. There was a non-linear association between anhedonia, sleep disturbance and NLR. These findings could potentially contribute to the advancement of precision medicine within the field of mental health.

Abstract Background The unprecedented pandemic situation of COVID-19 has had a negative impact on the mental health of many people, especially among the "old-old" older adults who are aged 75 or older. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the changes in depression among "old-old" older adults before and after the onset of COVID-19, and the extent to which depression affects suicidal ideations. Method The 12th to 16th Korea Welfare Panel Study(KoWePS) conducted from 2017 to 2021 was used for analysis. For this study, 771 older individuals with complete data to estimate the degree of change of depression were selected as the final analysis subjects. Result A Growth Mixture Modeling(GMM) analysis was conducted, resulting in the classification of two groups: an increasing group and a decreasing group. The study findings showed that "old-old" older individuals with high levels of depression, specifically those in the decreasing group, may be more susceptible to suicidal ideation. Despite this steep change slope, the decreasing group still exhibited a higher level of depression in 2021 compared to the increasing group. As per characteristics, the decreasing group, which showed a higher prevalence of suicidal ideation, had a higher proportion of women and individuals with lower levels of education, those living alone, and a lower household income compared to the increasing group. Conclusion It is important to note that although the study emphasized the need to prioritize intervention for the decreasing group with consistently high levels of depression, the majority of individuals belong to the increasing group, which exhibited a gradual increase in depression levels over time. Therefore, intervention plans should be developed concurrently for both groups. Also, it is crucial to implement proactive efforts targeting groups with understandings of these characteristics when establishing preventative measures for depression and suicidal ideation among "old-old" older adults.

This study aimed to assess its relationship between physical activity with health-related indicators in older population of the China. Cross-sectional data of 1,327 individuals aged 60–79 years were analyzed. Based on the Fifth National Physical Fitness Monitoring Program, depressive symptom and loneliness were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Emotional versus Social Loneliness Scales, respectively. Sleep quality was evaluated through self-designed questionnaire and hypertension was defined as blood pressure > 140/90 mmHg. International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form was conducted to assess the physical activity (minutes and frequency) in different domains (domestic, transport, work, and leisure). Multivariable-adjusted binary logistic regression models estimated for the prevalence of health-related indicators, considering PA level, duration, frequency, and combinations of different domains of PA. In the study, favorable associations were observed between moderate to high level PA and reductions in 4 health-related indicators, especially for active frequency. Moreover, a combination of transport, domestic, and leisure PA was found to be a general protective factor for health-related indicators. In summary, this study highlights the positive impact of PA on older adults' health and provides valuable insights into the role of different PA patterns, offering a theoretical basis for developing PA guidelines, policies, and health interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study examines the association between Meat, Egg, and Dairy (MED) product consumption and depressive symptoms among older adults in China, focusing on rural/urban and gender differences. Methods: This study employed data from the latest wave (year 2018) of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) models were applied to examine the association between MED consumption and depression levels. Findings: The findings revealed a consistent negative relationship between MED consumption and depression, with higher MED intake associated with lower depression levels. Urban residents and males exhibited higher MED consumption, which correlated with less depressive symptoms. However, the impact of MED consumption on depression varied by subgroups; urban older adults benefited more from MED consumption than their rural counterparts, and the relationship between MED intake and depression was more pronounced in males than in females. The study highlighted the influence of socio-demographic factors, such as literacy, income, and self-rated health, on depression levels. Discussion: The results suggested that MED consumption may offer protective effects on mental health in older adults, although the association may not be causal. The study underscored the need for further research to explore the complex interplay between diet and mental health in older adults, particularly in diverse cultural contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experiencing prejudice and discrimination from family has been found to be positively associated with mental health problems among sexual minorities. Emerging evidence also shows the value of contextualizing the internalization of minority stress by considering individual cultural factors, such as filial piety. We examined whether authoritarian filial piety (AFP) and reciprocal filial piety (RFP) moderated the link between distal stressors in one's family and mental health outcomes. A total of 362 (56.9% male; age: M = 24.55, SD = 6.60) Chinese lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer/questioning, and other non‐heterosexual (LGBQ+) individuals participated in this study. They provided demographic information and completed a battery of measures for AFP and RFP, sexual orientation‐based prejudice and discrimination in family of origin (SOPDF), depressive symptoms, and life satisfaction. Structural equation modeling results showed that SOPDF had a positive and negative link with depressive symptoms and life satisfaction, respectively. In addition, we identified AFP and RFP as significant moderators for the association between SOPDF and depressive symptoms, and the association between SOPDF and life satisfaction, respectively. Specifically, the positive effect of SOPDF on depressive symptoms was greater for participants with higher levels of AFP; the negative effect of SOPDF on life satisfaction was greater for participants who endorsed higher levels of RFP. Our findings corroborated past studies' conclusion about the detrimental impact of familial sexual stigma on LGBQ+ people's mental health. Furthermore, such impact on negative and positive mental health outcomes are respectively conditioned by the degree to which LGBQ+ individuals endorse AFP and RFP. These findings underscore the importance for therapists who endorse family therapy to help LGBQ+ clients navigate familial sexual stigma and consider the role of filial piety beliefs in shaping the impact of familial sexual stigma on these clients' mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Resilience has been recently considered one of the possible mechanisms for the association between morningness–eveningness and depression. Meanwhile, anxiety is closely associated with mood disorder, but its association with morningness–eveningness is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the mediating effects of resilience and anxiety on morningness–eveningness and depression as the possible mechanisms. Methods: This study included patient group and nonpatient group. Patient group consists of 743 patients with mood disorders [Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), 233; Bipolar Disorder I (BDI), 113; Bipolar Disorder II (BDII), 397] whereas nonpatient group consists of 818 individuals without mood disorder. The Composite Scale of Morningness, Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale, and Beck Anxiety Inventory were used to evaluate morningness–eveningness, resilience, anxiety, and depression, respectively. Results: Our model provided a good fit for the data. The association between morningness–eveningness and depression symptoms was partially serially mediated by resilience and anxiety in both the patient and nonpatient groups. The patient group exhibited significantly stronger morningness–eveningness toward resilience and anxiety than the nonpatient group. In the indirect effect of morningness–eveningness on depression, group differences exist only through each mediation of resilience and anxiety, not through serial mediation. Conclusion: Our results expand on the mechanism underlying the association between morningness–eveningness and depression. They highlight the importance of morningness–eveningness modification to increase resilience and the need to consider anxiety jointly in this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the associations of arthritis with functional disability and depressive symptoms among general US adults. Additionally, it explored the relationship between radiographic knee osteoarthritis (assessed by X‐ray examination) and functional disability. Above findings seek to highlight the need for comprehensive physical and mental health management in individuals with arthritis. Methods: We designed a cross‐sectional study utilizing multivariable logistic regression models to examine the associations. Odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were documented in a crude model and three adjusted models. Participants were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1988–1994 and 1999–2018. Arthritis was self‐reported or graded by the Kellgren–Lawrence score after an objective X‐ray examination. Functional disability included disability in activities of daily living (ADL disability), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL disability), and mobility disability. Depressive symptom was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ). Results: We included 22,566 older adults (≥60 years; 10,961 had self‐reported arthritis) for functional disability analysis (2377 older adults with data on X‐ray examination; 1012 had radiographic knee osteoarthritis) and 32,056 adults (≥20 years; 9175 had self‐reported arthritis) for depressive symptom analysis. After controlling for all covariates, self‐reported arthritis was associated with ADL disability (odds ratios [OR]: 2.677; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.499–2.868), IADL disability (OR: 2.064; 95% CI: 1.940–2.196), and mobility disability (OR: 2.954; 95% CI: 2.778–3.142), and depressive symptom (OR: 2.177; 95% CI: 1.979–2.395). In participants with data on X‐ray examination, radiographic knee osteoarthritis was only associated with mobility disability (OR: 1.437; 95% CI: 1.183–1.744). Conclusions: Self‐reported arthritis was associated with ADL disability, IADL disability and mobility disability, and depressive symptoms. Among participants with X‐ray data, radiographic knee osteoarthritis was only associated with mobility disability in general US adults. Appropriate managements of both physical and mental health are needed for individuals with arthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study examines the mediating role of cognitive flexibility in the relationship between home-school co-education (H-SCE) and depressive symptom among vocational college students in urban and rural areas of China. Methods: Utilizing the Theory of Overlapping Spheres of Influence, this research explores how H-SCE influences depressive symptom, considering cognitive flexibility as a key mediating factor. The study utilized established scales, including the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) for parent-child relationships, the Student-Teacher Relationship Scale (STRS), the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D10). Results: A total of 1090 valid questionnaires were analyzed, revealing a significant negative correlation between H-SCE and depressive symptom. Cognitive flexibility was found to partially mediate this relationship, suggesting that enhanced cognitive adaptability, fostered through effective H-SCE, can reduce depressive symptom by helping students better cope with stressors. Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of fostering strong collaboration between families and schools to enhance cognitive resilience and mitigate psychological challenges faced by vocational students, providing a foundation for targeted interventions to promote mental well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Light therapy has emerged as a promising non-pharmacological treatment for depressive symptoms. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effectiveness of light therapy specifically for depressive symptoms in elderly populations, with a focus on how different light intensities and spectra influence treatment outcomes. Methods: A systematic search targeting studies on light therapy for depressive symptoms in older adults was performed across multiple databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, PsycINFO, and EMBASE, covering studies from database inception until July 2024. A total of 565 records were identified, with 461 studies remaining after removing duplicates. Following the screening of titles and abstracts, 54 studies underwent full-text review, resulting in the inclusion of 22 studies with a total of 1290 participants (687 in the intervention group and 603 in the control group). Results: The overall effect size for light therapy on depressive symptoms was moderate (Hedges' g = 0.525, p < 0.001). Higher light intensities (10,000 lux and above) demonstrated significantly greater effectiveness compared to lower intensities. White light had the most substantial effect, while bluish light showed moderate efficacy. Significant heterogeneity was observed across studies (I2 = 80.459%), indicating variability in treatment outcomes based on study design, intensity, and light spectrum. Conclusions: This meta-analysis confirms that light therapy is an effective treatment for reducing depressive symptoms in older adults, particularly at higher intensities and with specific light spectra such as white light. Given the heterogeneity in results, future research should focus on optimizing treatment parameters to enhance clinical outcomes within this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This study examined the sequential dual mediating effects of negative parenting attitudes, smartphone dependence and aggression on depressive symptoms among adolescents. Data were obtained from the 2018 Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS) conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute. Using a multistage stratified cluster sampling method, the 2018 KCYPS comprehensively examined various aspects of the growth and development of children and adolescents. The study sample included a nationally representative sample of 2541 adolescents. PROCESS macro Model 6 was used to examine the sequential dual mediating model that not only examines the effects of negative parenting attitudes on smartphone dependence and aggression but also establishes the sequential causal relationship between smartphone dependence and aggression, ultimately confirming the direct and indirect effects on depressive symptoms of adolescents. The significance of the mediation effect was verified by applying the bootstrapping method. The findings demonstrated that negative parenting attitudes increased smartphone dependence, which, in turn, elevated depressive symptoms among adolescents. Furthermore, negative parenting attitudes increased smartphone dependence, which heightened aggression, ultimately contributing to depressive symptoms among adolescents. Based on these findings, this study has practical and policy implications for preventing depressive symptoms among adolescents. Prioritizing efforts to reduce smartphone dependence and aggression among adolescents while promoting positive parenting attitudes can play a crucial role in addressing this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescents are at a high risk of depressive symptom. A substantial body of literature indicates that early environmental unpredictability (EU) significantly affects the likelihood of developing depressive symptom. However, only a few studies have focused on the mediating mechanisms underlying this relationship. Based on life history (LH) theory and the adaptive calibration model, this study constructed a chain-mediating model to examine whether the association between EU and depressive symptom among Chinese adolescents is mediated by sense of control and fast life history strategies. In total, 1838 Chinese adolescents (47.8 % women, mean age = 13.17 ± 0.99 years) participated in this study and responded to self-report measures of EU, fast LH strategies, sense of control, and depressive symptom. (1) There were significant correlations between EU, sense of control, fast LH strategies, and depressive symptom. (2) After controlling for the effects of sex, age and socioeconomic status, EU still had a significant positive effect on depressive symptom. (3) Adolescent depressive symptom was partly influenced by EU through three different pathways: the mediating role of sense of control, the mediating role of fast LH strategies, and the chain-mediating role of both sense of control and fast LH strategies. (4) There are significant gender differences in the above chain mediation models. The analysis is cross-sectional, which limits causal inference. These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of risk factors for adolescent depressive symptom. The chain-mediating effect of a sense of control and fast LH strategies plays an important role in the occurrence of depressive symptom. • Association between EU and depressive symptom was examined among Chinese adolescents. • Chain-mediating model was employed based on life history theory and the adaptive calibration model. • Depressive symptom was influenced by environmental unpredictability through three pathways. • Sense of control and fast LH strategies had a chain mediating effect on environmental unpredictability and depressive symptom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the association between childhood growing environment and depressive symptoms in young old persons aged 60 to 74 years. Methods: The data of the fourth wave of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2018 and the life course survey in 2014 were used to secondary analysis. A total of 7 642 young old persons aged 60 to 74 years were included, and the 10-item of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D-10) scale was used to evaluate the depressive symptoms. The generalized linear mixed effects model was used to explore the relationship between childhood growing environment and depressive symptoms in the young old persons. Results: The detection rate of depressive symptoms occurrence in the young old persons was 37.2%. The risk factors of depressive symptoms included female (OR = 1.89), rural (OR = 1.35) having hunger experience (OR = 1.22), poor relationship with male dependents (OR = 1.72) female caregiver's experiences of being bedridden due to illness( OR = 1.38 ), community insecurity (OR = 1.59), more harmonious neighborhood relationship (OR = 1.2) and less harmonious neighborhood relationship (OR = 1.81) The protective factors of depressive symptoms occurrence included moderate (OR = 0.79) and high (OR = 0.5) per capita household income, and educated father( OR = 0.84 )(P<0.05) Conclusion: Childhood growing environment is an influential factor of depressive symptoms in the young old persons. The long-term health effects of childhood environment should be paid attention to. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bipolar disorder and thyroid dysfunctions often exhibit a complex interplay that can influence the clinical presentation and treatment outcomes for affected individuals. Research indicates that thyroid hormones play a crucial role in mood regulation, and fluctuations in thyroid function can exacerbate or mimic the symptoms of bipolar disorder. For instance, hyperthyroidism, characterized by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, can lead to manic or hypomanic episodes, while hypothyroidism, which involves decreased hormone production, can result in depressive symptoms. This intricate relationship necessitates a comprehensive assessment of thyroid function in patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder to address any potential hormonal imbalances that may worsen mood stability. Moreover, the treatment of bipolar disorder may require careful management of thyroid conditions, as certain mood stabilizers and antidepressants can impact thyroid hormone levels. Medications such as lithium, commonly used to treat bipolar disorder, have been documented to both influence thyroid function and require ongoing monitoring for thyroid-related side effects. Consequently, healthcare providers should conduct thorough evaluations of thyroid function for individuals with bipolar disorder throughout their treatment journey. Effective management strategies should include a collaborative approach involving both psychiatric and endocrinological assessments to optimize overall mental and physical health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: The exact mechanisms underlying depression are not well understood. Chronic, low-grade inflammation is believed to play an important role in its development. The present study investigates the potential association between depressive symptoms and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Methods: Seven data cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were extracted. Multivariable logistic regression and a generalized additive model were employed to determine the association. Results: Thirty thousand eight hundred ninety-six subjects were analyzed. The results indicated that anhedonia and fatigue were significantly associated with NLR. Additionally, the generalized additive model results indicated a non-linear relationship between anhedonia, sleep disturbance and NLR. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that the correlation between anhedonia and NLR was significant in the above-60-year-old group (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.14–2.33) and the male group (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.07–2.10). Sleep disturbance was associated with NLR in the female group (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.04–1.77). Fatigue was associated with NLR (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.02–1.67) in the female group, as was the case in the non-Hispanic White group (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.02–1.70). Conclusions: There were associations between NLR and specific symptoms, and these associations varied across demographic subgroups. There was a non-linear association between anhedonia, sleep disturbance and NLR. These findings could potentially contribute to the advancement of precision medicine within the field of mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The unprecedented pandemic situation of COVID-19 has had a negative impact on the mental health of many people, especially among the "old-old" older adults who are aged 75 or older. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the changes in depression among "old-old" older adults before and after the onset of COVID-19, and the extent to which depression affects suicidal ideations. Method: The 12th to 16th Korea Welfare Panel Study(KoWePS) conducted from 2017 to 2021 was used for analysis. For this study, 771 older individuals with complete data to estimate the degree of change of depression were selected as the final analysis subjects. Result: A Growth Mixture Modeling(GMM) analysis was conducted, resulting in the classification of two groups: an increasing group and a decreasing group. The study findings showed that "old-old" older individuals with high levels of depression, specifically those in the decreasing group, may be more susceptible to suicidal ideation. Despite this steep change slope, the decreasing group still exhibited a higher level of depression in 2021 compared to the increasing group. As per characteristics, the decreasing group, which showed a higher prevalence of suicidal ideation, had a higher proportion of women and individuals with lower levels of education, those living alone, and a lower household income compared to the increasing group. Conclusion: It is important to note that although the study emphasized the need to prioritize intervention for the decreasing group with consistently high levels of depression, the majority of individuals belong to the increasing group, which exhibited a gradual increase in depression levels over time. Therefore, intervention plans should be developed concurrently for both groups. Also, it is crucial to implement proactive efforts targeting groups with understandings of these characteristics when establishing preventative measures for depression and suicidal ideation among "old-old" older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The link between activity (physical, social and cognitive) and cognitive functioning (CF) is complex; theoretical evidence indicated that it was mediated by depressive symptomology. The current study intended to elucidate how depressive symptomology mediates between different dimensions of activity and cognitive functioning by taking into account negative emotionality (i.e., personality variable) as a covariate. This study recruited 350 community-dwelling older adults in Rawalpindi, Pakistan through a purposive sampling technique. Cognitive functioning was measured by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire (BPAQ) assessed physical activity, social activity was examined using Lubben's Social Network Scale (LSNS-6), Late Life Cognitive Activity (LLCA) measure was used to assess cognitive activity, negative emotionality was assessed using Negative Emotional Scale from Short form of Big Five Inventory and depressive symptomology was measured using Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Hayes process model 4 was utilized to test the mediation effects in this correlational study. Physical activity (r =.454, p <.01), social activity (r =.586, p <.01) and cognitive activity r =.632, p <.01) have significant positive associations whereas negative emotionality (r = −.609, p <.01) and depressive symptoms (r = −.733, p <.001) have significant negative associations with cognitive functioning. Moreover, depressive symptoms partially mediated the relationship between social activity and cognitive functioning (β in direct model = 0.322, p <.001; β in full mediational model = 0.078, p =.003) and for cognitive activity and cognitive functioning (β in direct model = 0.324, p <.001; β in full mediational model = 0.161, p <.001) but fail to mediate between physical activity and cognitive functioning after controlling for the effects of negative emotionality. Altogether, this study's findings suggest that different domains of activity exert significant effects on depressive symptomology and cognitive functioning in the aging population. Understanding these results can help to optimize activity (physical, social, and cognitive) interventions to improve cognitive aging and minimize depressive symptomology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious and disabling condition characterized by abnormal mood changes. Clinical guidelines for depression treatment recommend antidepressant medications, with benzodiazepines acting as short-term synergists. However, little is currently known about the prevalence and associated clinical risk factors of benzodiazepine use among Chinese patients with MDD. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and clinical risk factors associated with benzodiazepine use in this population. A total of 2742 patients with MDD (males/females = 816/1926, aged 14–60 years) participated in this cross-sectional observational study. General information and psychosis assessments were collected online. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), anxiety symptoms using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and sleep problems and suicidal tendencies using the third and ninth items of the PHQ-9. Multivariable logistic regression analysis models were employed to identify factors associated with benzodiazepine use. The prevalence of benzodiazepine use among patients with MDD was 42.9 %. Among these patients, 99.6 % used a single benzodiazepine, with oxazepam being the most frequently prescribed. Age, severity of sleep problems, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms were significantly correlated with benzodiazepine use (all P < 0.001). The cross-sectional design of this study precludes establishing causal relationships. Our findings indicate a high prevalence of benzodiazepine use among Chinese patients with MDD. Factors such as severe depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, age, and sleep problems appear to be associated with benzodiazepine use. These results underscore the importance of vigilance regarding benzodiazepine use in patients with MDD. • Prevalence of benzodiazepine use in patients with MDD in China is notably high. • Age is significantly associated with increased risks of benzodiazepine use. • Anxiety, depressive symptoms or sleep problem contribute to the use of benzodiazepine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to verify the relationship between parental abuse, ego-resilience, social stigma, career barriers, and depressive symptoms among out-of-school youths. The data of 522 adolescents (mean age = 18.01 years) from the Dropout Youth Panel Survey conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute were used. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that female adolescents reported more depressive symptoms than male adolescents. The family economic status and ego-resilience were negatively related to depressive symptoms. Parental abuse was positively associated with depressive symptoms. In particular, social stigma and career barriers were positively related to depressive symptoms. Notably, social stigma and career barriers explained 17.7% of the variance in depressive symptoms. The results of this study suggest that society needs to reduce the social stigma and career barriers perceived by out-of-school youth. Professional counselors and social workers could help these individuals by providing them information and advice for their careers and reducing perceived social stigma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundDepressive symptom, a pervasive mental health disorder, has garnered increasing attention due to its intricate interconnections with various physiological processes. One emerging avenue of investigation delves into the potential association between depressive symptom and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), a parameter reflecting insulin resistance. The intricate interplay between these two domains holds promising implications for understanding the multifaceted nature of depressive symptom and its impact on metabolic health.MethodsWe used weighted multivariable logistic regression models with subgroup analysis to explore the relationship between depressive symptom and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Non-linear correlations were explored using fitted smoothing curves. Then, we constructed a two-piece linear regression model and performed a recursive algorithm to calculate the inflection point.ResultsThe study included 20,282 participants in the United States. In the regression model adjusted for all confounding variables, the odds ratio (OR) for the correlation between depressive symptom and the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was 1.01 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.01). However, a significant discrepancy between trend tests and regression analyses suggests a potential non-linear relationship between depressive symptom and the assessment of insulin resistance using the Homeostasis Model. Constrained cubic spline analysis confirmed this non-linear relationship, identifying an inflection point at 10.47. Before the inflection point, depressive symptom exhibited a significantly positive correlation with the assessment of insulin resistance using the Homeostasis Model. However, after the inflection point, a negative correlation was observed, though it did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionWe found a curve-like relationship between depressive symptom and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.

Abstract Aims Depressive symptoms are comorbid with coronary heart disease (CHD). There is a controversial debate about whether screening and intervention for depressive symptoms could improve cardiovascular prognosis. This study characterizes the prevalence, characteristics, cardiovascular prognosis and management need of depressive symptoms among CHD patients. Methods CHD patients were recruited between November 18, 2020 and November 26, 2021. Depressive symptoms were evaluated with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). During the 12-month follow-up, cardiovascular disease (CVD) was the endpoint. Time-to-event data were estimated by Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox models. Results Of 582 patients (25% women), 21.0% had mild depressive symptoms, and 7.5% had moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms during hospitalization. Mild and moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms were risk factor-adjusted predictors of the primary composite endpoints (adjusted HR = 2.20; 95%CI 1.19–4.03, and adjusted HR = 2.70; 95%CI 1.23–5.59, respectively). Platelet count and low-density lipoprotein were higher in mild depressive symptoms compared to no depressive symptoms. Conclusion Depressive symptoms are prevalent in CHD patients. Mild and moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms are associated with higher risk of further CVD in CHD patients. Platelet function and behavioral mechanisms may contribute to this association. Trial registration This research was registered at https://www.chictr.org.cn . Full data of first registration is 11/09/2020. The registration number is ChiCTR2000038139.