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Copyright of Revista ADM is the property of Asociacion Dental Mexicana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract This split-mouth blinded randomized controlled study compared the efficacy of a desensitizing agent with oxalate/resin polymer and a universal adhesive containing mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) for dentin hypersensitivity (DH) relief, using Schiff sensitivity score (SSS) and visual analog scale (VAS). Split quadrants containing teeth with DH were treated with either MS Coat ONE or Hi-Bond Universal with MBG as the functional additive. Assessments at baseline, immediately post-application, and at 1- and 2-week follow-ups used standardized stimulus protocols (air, cold, and acid). The SSS difference was the primary outcome, while the VAS difference was the secondary outcome. A mixed linear effect model performed statistical analysis. Immediate DH reduction occurred in response to air stimuli, with a significant decrease in Group HB than in Group MS (p = 0.0178). Cold stimulus reduction exhibited a gradual cumulative effect, with consistently greater reductions in Group HB than in Group MS (p ≤ 0.0377). Both groups effectively managed acidic stimuli, with no significant differences (p > 0.05). The VAS scores decreased gradually over the follow-up period (p

This split-mouth blinded randomized controlled study compared the efficacy of a desensitizing agent with oxalate/resin polymer and a universal adhesive containing mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) for dentin hypersensitivity (DH) relief, using Schiff sensitivity score (SSS) and visual analog scale (VAS). Split quadrants containing teeth with DH were treated with either MS Coat ONE or Hi-Bond Universal with MBG as the functional additive. Assessments at baseline, immediately post-application, and at 1- and 2-week follow-ups used standardized stimulus protocols (air, cold, and acid). The SSS difference was the primary outcome, while the VAS difference was the secondary outcome. A mixed linear effect model performed statistical analysis. Immediate DH reduction occurred in response to air stimuli, with a significant decrease in Group HB than in Group MS (p = 0.0178). Cold stimulus reduction exhibited a gradual cumulative effect, with consistently greater reductions in Group HB than in Group MS (p ≤ 0.0377). Both groups effectively managed acidic stimuli, with no significant differences (p > 0.05). The VAS scores decreased gradually over the follow-up period (p < 0.0001). This study highlights the differential efficacy of treatments for various DH triggers and recommends specific approaches based on different stimulus types. The universal adhesive containing MBG demonstrated DH relief potential, promising efficacy identical to or superior to that of a dedicated desensitizing agent. Further research exploring the long-term efficacy and underlying mechanisms is warranted. The universal adhesive containing MBG can be adopted as an in-office desensitizing agent for DH relief. The desensitizing efficacy of universal adhesive matches or surpasses dedicated agents for air and cold stimuli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nowadays, many patients wanting to bleach and do orthodontic treatment simultaneously, in-office bleaching is more favorable because of the instant results. However, in-office bleaching procedures result in severe enamel surface demineralization and decreasing the attachment of the orthodontic bracket. Applying a desensitizing agent after in-office bleaching can remineralize the enamel surface. There are two types of desensitizing agents: Fluoride-based and non-fluoride-based. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the effect of applying fluoride-based and non-fluoride-based desensitizing agents after in-office bleaching on orthodontic brackets. Methods: Twenty-seven post-extraction upper premolars were divided into three groups (n=9): Control group, fluoride-based group, and non-fluoride-based group. The samples were subjected to an in-office bleaching procedure before a fluoride desensitizing agent was applied to the fluoride group and a non-fluoride desensitizing agent was applied to the non-fluoride group. Then, a brackets bonding procedure was performed on all samples. The samples were tested for shear bond strength (SBS), and the adhesive remnant index (ARI) was measured. The data was analyzed by a one-way analysis of variance on the SBS test, while the ARI scores were analyzed by the Kruskal–Wallis test. Results: The fluoride and non-fluoride groups showed a significantly increased SBS of the brackets after in-office bleaching (P 0.05). Conclusion: The application of desensitizing agents after in-office bleaching increased the metal brackets' SBS but could not change the ARI scores.

This article presents the findings of a study that examined the impact of desensitizing agents on the bond strength of orthodontic brackets after in-office bleaching. The study found that both fluoride-based and non-fluoride-based desensitizing agents increased the bond strength of the brackets. However, the application of these agents did not affect the adhesive remnant index (ARI), which measures the attachment failure between the bracket and the tooth. The study suggests that using desensitizing agents after bleaching can enhance the bond strength of metal brackets, particularly fluoride-based agents. [Extracted from the article]

There are two main methods used for dentin hypersensitivity (DH) treatment: dentinal tubule occlusion and blockage of nerve activity. Dentifrices are the most common vehicles for active ingredients used for DH treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of three toothpastes on dentinal tubule occlusion, mineral acquisition, and dentin hardness. Forty human dentin disks were submerged in 40% citric acid for 30 s and then exposed to tooth brushing for 2 min twice a day for 14 days using three toothpastes: Dontodent Sensitive (group 1), Dr. Wolff's Biorepair (group 2), and Sensodyne Repair and Protect (group 3). In the control group (group 4), the samples were brushed with water. All of the samples were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Vickers dentin hardness determination. On SEM images, the degree of dentinal tubule occlusion was assessed using a five-grade scale. The mean score values in groups 1–4 were 3.60 ± 0.69, 2.20 ± 0.91, 2.30 ± 1.16, and 5.00 ± 0.00, significantly higher in study groups when compared to the control group (Kruskal Wallis test p < 0.05). EDX evaluation showed significantly higher calcium and phosphorus concentrations in groups 1 and 3 when compared to control group d. The mean values of Vickers dentin hardness numbers in groups 1–4 were 243.03 ± 10.014, 327.38 ± 56.65, 260.29 ± 37.69, and 225.83 ± 29.93, respectively. No statistically significant results were obtained when comparing the hardness mean values in groups (Kruskal-Wallis statistical test, p = 0.372 > 0.05). All three toothpastes tested demonstrated significant occlusion of dentinal tubules. Dontodent Sensitive and Sensodyne Repair and Protect toothpastes enhanced the calcium and phosphorus content of the dentin surface. None of the toothpastes increased dentin hardness as a result of mineral acquisition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the effect of desensitizing agents on the shear bond strength (SBS) of ceramic brackets after in-office bleaching procedures. Twenty-seven extracted premolars were equally divided into three groups (n = 9). Group 1 served as the control; bleaching was performed with 37% hydrogen peroxide. In group 2, bleaching and the application of a fluoride-containing desensitizing agent (CPP-ACFP) were performed. In group 3, bleaching and the application of a non-fluoride-containing desensitizing agent (CPP-ACP) were performed. Ceramic brackets were bonded with composite resin. SBS was tested using a universal testing machine. The site of bonding failure was measured using the adhesive remnant index (ARI) score. There was a statistically significant difference in mean SBS values (p < 0.05). Group 1 showed the lowest SBS value (6.32 ± 4.83 MPa), which differed significantly with groups 2 and 3 (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between group 2 (15.36 ± 4.67 MPa) and group 3 (12.19 ± 6.81 MPa) (p > 0.05). The ARI score did not show a significant difference. The conclusion is that the application of fluoride-containing and non-fluoride desensitizing agents increases the shear bond strength of ceramic brackets on bleached teeth with composite resin cementation. The application of both desensitizing agents had no impact on the results of the ARI score, with the highest ARI score in each group being 4, indicating that less than 10% of the adhesive substance remains on the enamel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a common problem with multifactorial etiology. It is characterized by a short, sharp pain due to exposed dentin usually at the cervical margin. This randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy of two desensitizing agents for reduction of dentin hypersensitivity (DH) following periodontal surgeries. Method and materials: This study evaluated 96 patients who had one or two teeth with DH (120 teeth). The teeth were randomly allocated into four groups for treatment with 10% ethanolic extract of propolis (group 1), 30% ethanolic extract of propolis (group 2), Single Bond Universal dentin bonding agent (group 3), and distilled water as placebo (group 4). The degree of DH was determined according to the patients' response to tactile and air blast stimuli using a visual analog scale (VAS). The level of pain was also recorded before treatment and at 1, 7, 14, 21, 60 and 90 days after the treatment. Results: All interventions (groups 1 to 3) were significantly effective in decreasing DH, and 10% and 30% ethanolic extracts of propolis were equally effective. The dentin bonding agent was completely effective at all time points. All three interventions (groups 1 to 3) effectively decreased DH at 60 and 90 days. Conclusions: This clinical trial showed all interventions were more effective than the placebo in decreasing DH. The tested propolis extracts were equally effective irrespective of their concentration. Application of Single Bond Universal had a fast relieving effect on DH. Propolis extracts and dentin bonding agent were equally effective in relieving DH in the long term. Clinical relevance: DH following periodontal surgery causes patient discomfort and hinders everyday activities. Propolis is a natural desensitizing agent with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, healing effects, and cariostatic activity. It also stimulates reparative dentin formation. Flavonoids and cinnamic acid derivatives are the main biologically active components in the composition of propolis. According to the results of this study, application of propolis is recommended for patients with mild or moderate pain. Dentin bonding agent could be a better choice when immediate effect is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the micro‐shear bond strength of two resin cements to aged laser bleached enamel after the application of three different desensitizing agents. Materials and methods Forty extracted human central and lateral incisors were prepared and bleached using laser activation bleaching protocol. The teeth were assigned randomly into four groups for desensitization; G1: No post‐bleaching treatment, G2: GC MI Paste Plus, G3: Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n‐HAP) and G4: Flor‐Opal. Specimens were subjected to aging for 6 months. All groups were subdivided into two subgroups according to the resin cements used (dual‐curing resin cement and light‐curing resin cement). Results Flor‐Opal groups showed the highest statistically significant micro‐shear bond strength (MSBS), followed by GC MI Paste Plus and n‐HAP groups with no statistically significant difference between them. The light‐curing resin cement had statistically higher MSBS than dual‐curing resin cement in case of no‐post bleaching treatment and n‐HAP groups, and no statistical difference in case of GC MI Paste Plus and Flor‐Opal groups. Conclusion Usage of desensitizing agents containing, CPP‐ACP, n‐HAP or fluoride after laser bleaching can enhance the bond strength of the resin cements to enamel. Clinical significance The composition of the desensitizing agents applied after laser bleaching could interfere in bond strength values.

Objectives: This study aims to compare the use of different remineralization agents before in‐office bleaching for decreasing bleaching induced sensitivity. Methods: A total of 64 volunteers were randomly divided into four groups. Before undergoing in‐office bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide gel (three applications of 15 min each, one session), clinicians applied a placebo gel (control group), casein phosphopeptide‐amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP‐ACP), neutral sodium fluoride gel (NSF) or nano‐hydroxyapatite solution (n‐HAP) on all buccal surfaces of teeth. The gel was left undisturbed for 4 min. The efficacy of tooth whitening was assessed by determining the colour change using SGU. Patients recorded their tooth sensitivities on the VAS scale. Kruskal‐Wallis test followed by Mann‐Whitney U test was used to compare changes in tooth colour and intensity of tooth sensitivity between groups. Results: Overall, there was no significant difference in shade change between the groups. Control and CPP‐ACP groups showed significantly higher rates of hypersensitivity than NSF and the n‐HAP group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The use of a remineralization agent (n‐HAP/NSF) before in‐office bleaching did not affect the bleaching efficacy but did reduce tooth sensitivity. The before bleaching treatment use of an n‐HAP solution can be suitable for reducing bleaching born sensitivity as well as commonly used NSF remineralizing gel before in‐office tooth bleaching can reduce tooth sensitivity, the most common side effect associated with this procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are two main methods used for dentin hypersensitivity (DH) treatment: dentinal tubule occlusion and blockage of nerve activity. Dentifrices are the most common vehicles for active ingredients used for DH treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of three toothpastes on dentinal tubule occlusion, mineral acquisition, and dentin hardness. Forty human dentin disks were submerged in 40% citric acid for 30 s and then exposed to tooth brushing for 2 min twice a day for 14 days using three toothpastes: Dontodent Sensitive (group 1), Dr. Wolff’s Biorepair (group 2), and Sensodyne Repair and Protect (group 3). In the control group (group 4), the samples were brushed with water. All of the samples were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Vickers dentin hardness determination. On SEM images, the degree of dentinal tubule occlusion was assessed using a five-grade scale. The mean score values in groups 1–4 were 3.60 ± 0.69, 2.20 ± 0.91, 2.30 ± 1.16, and 5.00 ± 0.00, significantly higher in study groups when compared to the control group (Kruskal Wallis test p < 0.05). EDX evaluation showed significantly higher calcium and phosphorus concentrations in groups 1 and 3 when compared to control group d. The mean values of Vickers dentin hardness numbers in groups 1–4 were 243.03 ± 10.014, 327.38 ± 56.65, 260.29 ± 37.69, and 225.83 ± 29.93, respectively. No statistically significant results were obtained when comparing the hardness mean values in groups (Kruskal-Wallis statistical test, p = 0.372 > 0.05). All three toothpastes tested demonstrated significant occlusion of dentinal tubules. Dontodent Sensitive and Sensodyne Repair and Protect toothpastes enhanced the calcium and phosphorus content of the dentin surface. None of the toothpastes increased dentin hardness as a result of mineral acquisition.

Copyright of Neutrosophic Computing & Machine Learning is the property of Multimedia Larga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Recently, the development of dental materials has increased the availability of various hyperesthesia desensitizers. However, there are no studies on the duration of retreatment in terms of adherence rates. Thus, the adhesion rates of resin-based desensitizers were investigated. We used a conventional desensitizer and a recently developed desensitizer containing calcium salt of 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitic acid (C-MET) and 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen calcium phosphate (MDCP). These colored agents were applied to the surfaces of premolars and molars, and the area was measured from weekly oral photographs. Areas were statistically analyzed and mean values were calculated using 95% confidence intervals. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. These rates were significantly higher on the buccal side of the maxilla and lower on the lingual side of the maxilla. In addition, the desensitizer containing C-MET and MDCP displayed significantly higher adhesion rates. It is suggested that this will require monthly follow-ups and reevaluation because both agents cause less than 10% adherence and there is almost no sealing effect after 4 weeks. In addition, the significantly higher adhesion rate of the desensitizer containing C-MET and MDCP indicated that the novel monomer contributed to the improvement in the adhesion ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) released from hydrogen peroxide causes inflammation of the pulp. Remineralization action by fluoride-containing desensitizing agent (Casein Phosphopeptides-Amorphous Calcium Fluoride Phosphate/CPP-ACFP) occluding dentinal tubule, thereby minimizing the penetration of hydrogen peroxide into the pulp and affect the number of fibroblasts. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of fluoride-containing desensitizing agent (CPP-ACFP) application: before, after, and before-after in-office bleaching techniques using 40% hydrogen peroxide on the number of fibroblasts. Method: Twenty-eight maxillary molar teeth were divided into 4 groups, Control Group (bleaching treatment), Group I (CPP-ACFP application before bleaching), Group II (CPP-ACFP application after bleaching), and Group III (CPP-ACFP application before and after bleaching). Rats were sacrificed 5 days after and histological preparations were stained with HE. Fibroblasts counting was performed using a 1000x magnification light microscope. Result: ANOVA test showed that there were significant mean differences in the number of fibroblasts among the groups. The LSD test showed that there were statistically significant differences in almost all of the compared groups except between the Control Group and Group II. Conclusion: The number of fibroblasts in the pulp of rats applied CPP-ACFP before and after in-office bleaching was less than applied CPP-ACFP before or after in-office bleaching.

This study aims to analyze the effect of desensitizing agents on the shear bond strength (SBS) of ceramic brackets after in-office bleaching procedures. Twenty-seven extracted premolars were equally divided into three groups (n = 9). Group 1 served as the control; bleaching was performed with 37% hydrogen peroxide. In group 2, bleaching and the application of a fluoride-containing desensitizing agent (CPP-ACFP) were performed. In group 3, bleaching and the application of a non-fluoride-containing desensitizing agent (CPP-ACP) were performed. Ceramic brackets were bonded with composite resin. SBS was tested using a universal testing machine. The site of bonding failure was measured using the adhesive remnant index (ARI) score. There was a statistically significant difference in mean SBS values (p < 0.05). Group 1 showed the lowest SBS value (6.32 ± 4.83 MPa), which differed significantly with groups 2 and 3 (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between group 2 (15.36 ± 4.67 MPa) and group 3 (12.19 ± 6.81 MPa) (p > 0.05). The ARI score did not show a significant difference. The conclusion is that the application of fluoride-containing and non-fluoride desensitizing agents increases the shear bond strength of ceramic brackets on bleached teeth with composite resin cementation. The application of both desensitizing agents had no impact on the results of the ARI score, with the highest ARI score in each group being 4, indicating that less than 10% of the adhesive substance remains on the enamel.

Background:The present study was undertaken for comparing the impact of desensitizing agents on the retention of crowns cemented with luting agents. Materials & methods:80 freshly extracted mandibular molar teeth were selected. Two study groups were made: Group 1: Control group-Glass ionomer cement; and Group 2: Study group-GC Tooth Mousse desensitizer. Crowns were fabricated and were subjected under universal force testing machine. All the results were recorded in Microsoft excel sheet and were analyzed by SPSS software. Results:80 freshly extracted molar were enrolled and were broadly divided into two study groups; Group 1: Glass ionomer cement (Control), and Group 2: Glass ionomer cement (GC Tooth Mousse desensitizer). Mean tensile bond strength of group 1 specimens was 46.8 Kg while mean tensile strength of Group 2 specimens was 45.3 Kg respectively. While comparing statistically, non-significant results were obtained. Conclusion:From the above results, the authors concluded that application of desensitizing agents might be designated during fabrication of crowns as it will not affect the retentive ability of the luting cements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the micro‐shear bond strength of two resin cements to aged laser bleached enamel after the application of three different desensitizing agents. Materials and methods: Forty extracted human central and lateral incisors were prepared and bleached using laser activation bleaching protocol. The teeth were assigned randomly into four groups for desensitization; G1: No post‐bleaching treatment, G2: GC MI Paste Plus, G3: Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n‐HAP) and G4: Flor‐Opal. Specimens were subjected to aging for 6 months. All groups were subdivided into two subgroups according to the resin cements used (dual‐curing resin cement and light‐curing resin cement). Results: Flor‐Opal groups showed the highest statistically significant micro‐shear bond strength (MSBS), followed by GC MI Paste Plus and n‐HAP groups with no statistically significant difference between them. The light‐curing resin cement had statistically higher MSBS than dual‐curing resin cement in case of no‐post bleaching treatment and n‐HAP groups, and no statistical difference in case of GC MI Paste Plus and Flor‐Opal groups. Conclusion: Usage of desensitizing agents containing, CPP‐ACP, n‐HAP or fluoride after laser bleaching can enhance the bond strength of the resin cements to enamel. Clinical significance: The composition of the desensitizing agents applied after laser bleaching could interfere in bond strength values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: The use of desensitizing agents (DA) after tooth preparation to prevent hypersensitivity is well documented in the literature. A fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) should have good retention to be successful. Inadequate retention may result in microleakage, secondary caries, and, eventually, dislodgement of the FDP. The effect of DAs on the retention of FDPs has been widely studied in the literature, but the results are conflicting. Thus, this study aimed to conduct a systematic review to assess the effect of dentine desensitizing agents, used to prevent post-cementation hypersensitivity, on the retention of cemented FDPs. The null hypothesis framed was that there is no effect of dentine desensitizing agents on the retention of cemented FDPs. The focused PICO question was as follows: “Does the application of dentine desensitizing agents (I) affect the retention (O) of cemented fixed dental prosthesis (P) when compared to non-dentine desensitizing groups (C)”? Materials and Methods: Four electronic databases were systematically searched and, on the basis of the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 23 articles were included in this systematic review. A modified CONSORT scale for in vitro studies was used to assess the quality of the selected studies, as all included studies were in vitro studies. Results: Most of the studies compared the effect of more than one type of DA on retention. The results of the selected studies varied due to differences in the composition of tested dentine DAs and types of luting cements. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that the retention values of FDPs cemented using zinc phosphate cement were reduced with most of the DAs, whereas retention values increased when GIC, resin-modified GIC, and resin cements were used with the majority of DAs. These findings are important, as they can guide dentists in selecting the DA before cementing the crowns with the luting agent of their choice, without compromising the retention of the crowns.

Background: Dentine hypersensitivity is one of the most common chief complaints of patients observed by dentists in their practice. However, there is a lack of universal consensus over the selection of reliable treatment modality.Objectives: To compare the effectiveness between dentine desensitizer and self-etch adhesive in patients complaining of moderate to severe dentine hypersensitivity pain.Methods: A total of 254 patients with moderate to severe dentine hypersensitivity were randomly divided into Group A (Single Bond Universal Agent) and Group B (Seal & Protect Agent) according to the treatment provided. Sensitivity was assessed by means of mechanical (probing) and evaporative (air blast) stimuli. Discomfort Internal Scale (DIS) was explained to patients. DIS scores were recorded after one minute and one month following the application of both agents. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Stratification was done to control confounder and post stratification chi-square test was also applied.Result: The statistically significant difference (p= 0.000) in effectiveness between the two groups was observed. The mean discomfort internal scale score at baseline, after 1 minute and after 1 month in Group A was 3.65 ± 0.60, 2.33 ± 0.64 and 0.41 ± 0.71 respectively, while in Group B, it was 3.55 ± 0.58, 2.40 ± 0.62 and 0.72 ± 0.92 respectively. Overall, 86.6% patients observed improvement in dentinal sensitivity in Group A while in Group B only 67.7% patients reported reduction in sensitivity.Conclusion: Self-etch adhesive significantly reduces dentin hypersensitivity, immediately after one minute of its application and is effective for a period of one month compared to desensitizing agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dentinal hypersensitivity (DHS) can be defines as a short sharp pain that occurs as a response to various stimuli on exposure of dentinal tubules to the external environment and which cannot be described as any other disease. The most important part of the treatment is to identify the etiology behind the sensitivity and treating the condition accordingly. Differential diagnosis may include pulpitis, carious teeth, chipped tooth, cracked tooth syndrome etc. The treatment modalities depend upon whether the sensitivity is due to gingival recession, tooth wear lesion or periodontitis or related causes. This review highlights various strategies to counter this disease as well discusses various desensitizing agents recently in use like Novamin, Biomin, Calcium phosphate dentifrices, Nanoparticles and herbal desensitizing agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was evaluating how three desensitizing toothpastes used at home influence the effect associated with desensitizing agents after application in the clinic. Fifty dentine disks measure it permeability and 32 dentine disks with similar permeability levels were selected. Following Dental desensitizer treatment, dentine disks were randomly divided into three subgroups (n=10) that received applications of three toothpastes, respectively. The permeability (Lp) of each specimen was measured after each treatment. One specimen was selected from each group for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation. After each treatment, the Lp values decreased significantly for each group (p<0.05) and either completely or partially blocked the dentine tubules upon SEM observation. However, no significant differences in Lp values were observed amongst subgroups (p>0.05). After using the Dental desensitizer, Sensodyne, Crest and Colgate desensitizing toothpastes both can continued to reduce the permeability of the dentine disk, and no significant differences were found amongst them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dental bleaching has become one of the most demanded aesthetic procedures as it is very simple and gives fast results that satisfy the patient’s wishes. However, unfortunately, it has the annoying side effect of tooth sensitivity. This clinical trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy of using a desensitizing agent, which was applied during in-office bleaching with 30% HP (hydrogen peroxide). Methods: 36 participants were divided into four groups (N = 9). According to the intended intervention as follows: Group I:—Application of Relief ®Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (ACP) before in-office bleaching; Group II—Application of Relief ®ACP before and after in-office bleaching; Group III—Application of Relief ®ACP after in-office bleaching; and Group IV: placebo was applied before and after in-office bleaching. Then, three hydrogen peroxide bleaching applications for a total of 45 minutes were performed. The primary outcome variable was hypersensitivity, assessed with (VAS) scale immediately and 24h, 1 week and 1 month after the procedure; while the secondary outcome was teeth shade assessed using the VITAPAN ® classical shade guide. Results: Statistical analysis was done using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk tests, Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn’s test. Immediately after bleaching, there was statistically significant distinction in the median pain score between the groups. After 1 day, the ACP gel before and after bleaching group showed the lowest median score, while, the control group confirmed the highest median score. After 2 days, no statistically sizable difference was observed between all groups. The group receiving ACP gel before and after showed the highest change in median of classical shade guide scores while, (ACP gel after) and control group; showed the lowest change. Conclusion: The application of the desensitizing agent prior to and after in–office bleaching was successful in lowering post-bleaching hypersensitivity. Trail Registration: Clinical trial.gov NCT02942082 21/10/2016

Aim: The aim of this randomized, controlled, double-blinded, clinical study is to evaluate and compare the clinical effectiveness of low-level diode GaAlAs laser and glutaraldehyde-based topical desensitizing agent on cervical dentin hypersensitivity with the help of visual analog scale (VAS). Materials and Methods: Fifty teeth of patients aged between 20 and 50 years were included, and VAS was used to assess the dentin hypersensitivity. The teeth were randomly allocated to either Group 1 or 2 using flip coin technique. Group 1 received glutaraldehyde desensitizer and Group 2 received 905 nm low-level laser. The sensitivity scores were recorded, immediately, after1 week and 3 months after therapy. Data was analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test for intergroup comparison and Friedman's test for intragroup comparison. Results: There was a significant reduction in pain in both the groups at 3 months evaluation (P = 0.001).However, Group 2 showed a significant decrease in mean VAS scores when compared with Group 1 at both the one week and three month follow ups (P = 0.04, P = 0.03, respectively). Conclusion: Although topical desensitizer and Low Level Laser are both effective in reducing dentinal hypersensitivity, Low Level Lasers are comparatively more effective at the studied time intervals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to assess the instant relief of dentinal sensitivity by application of toothpaste containing 8% Arginine CaCO3 compound in patients visiting the Department of Periodontology, Hamdard University Dental Hospital. One hundred patients (38 males and 62 females) with age range from 23 to 65 years having history of dentine hypersensitivity were included in this study by random sampling technique. The consent was taken from the patients and dentinal hypersensitivity was evaluated according to the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) index. DH was evaluated by air-blast stimulus. The response of the patient was recorded immediately at the time of air blast. The DH was measured with the help of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).Then Arginine - CaCO3 was applied with finger on teeth where DH was reported. After one minute DH was measured by using VAS and readings were calculated. After getting data from all selected patients, results were obtained by using SPSS version 16. Out of hundred patients, 25 patients (25%) were reported to had mild sensitivity and out of 25 patients 12(48%) had instant relief from sensitivity. Thirty five (35%) patients had moderate sensitivity and out of 35 patients, 05(14.28%) observed instant relief from DH whereas 40(40%) patients had severe sensitivity and out of 40 patients only 01(2.5%) had instant relief from DH. The results were statistically analyzed, and it was found that Arginine-CaCO3 application markedly decreases the dentinal sensitivity in majority of patients. It is concluded that patients who were having mild DH had more effect in reduction of DH followed moderate and least effect is observed in the patients with severe DH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The objective of this in vitro study is to evaluate the effective and long-term occlusion of dentinal tubules using a novel calcium lactate phosphate (CLP) based desensitizing agent. Methods: Dentin disks (n = 9) were pre-etched using 1 M lactic acid for 30 s and individually treated with Colgate® Pro-ReliefTMpaste, CLP paste, and double distilled water (ddH2O) by a rubber-cupped handpiece. Dentin disks were analyzed under optical micrographs for pre-treatment, directly after treatment, and 14 days post-treatment. One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey's test were used to determine whether there were any statistically significant differences in dentinal tubule diameter. Results: A significant decrease occurred in the mean tubule diameter for dentin disks treated with CLP paste. A decrease was observed from 3.52 ± 0.83 μm to 2.62 ± 0.42 μm right after treatment, further decreasing to 1.71 ± 0.45 μm after immersion in artificial saliva for 14 days (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results suggest that the CLP based desensitizing paste has remineralization properties and provides instant and lasting effectiveness in dentinal tubule occlusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the dentinal tubule occlusion potential and penetration of Clinpro® White Varnish (5% sodium fluoride + tri-calcium phosphate) in the presence or absence of Nd:YAG laser. Seventy-five dentin samples collected from 38 freshly extracted human molars were randomly divided into five groups (n = 15). Groups A, B, D, and E were varnished with Clinpro, whereas group C (no treatment) served as the control group. Groups B and E were further irradiated with Nd:YAG laser (1.5 W, 10 Hz, 1 min). All study groups were subjected to pH cycling (kept in 0.3% citric acid 5 min/day for 5 days). Groups A, B, and C were evaluated for tubule occlusion using scanning electron microscopy. Groups D and E were evaluated for penetration with confocal laser scanning microscopy (SEM). Non-parametric Kruskall-Wallis and Dunn's statistical tests were used for analysis of SEM results. The penetration depths were analyzed with one-way ANOVA followed by Fisher's Least Significant Difference tests. Tubular occlusion of groups A and B were significantly greater than group C (p < 0.05). Tubular occlusion of group B were significantly greater than group A (p < 0.05). Penetration depth for group D was significantly greater than group E (p < 0.05). Laser application improved the tubular occlusion capacity of Clinpro. Contrary, laser reduced the penetration of Clinpro. SCANNING 38:619-624, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this clinical trial was to evaluate the effectiveness and tooth sensitivity associated with bleaching in patients with composite restorations in anterior teeth after the application of a desensitizing agent. Material and methods: Bleaching was performed with 35 % hydrogen peroxide gel in 30 patients with composite restorations in anterior teeth, divided according to the prior application of a desensitizing agent (De), or a placebo (Pl), on maxillary superior teeth. Color was recorded at baseline, 1 week after each session and 6 months after treatment. The experience of tooth sensitivity (TS) was recorded on an NRS (0-4) during bleaching and 24 h after each session. Bleaching effectiveness was evaluated by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α = 0.05). The percentage of TS was evaluated by Fisher's exact test. For each treatment, periods were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (α = 0.05), and at each period, treatments were compared using Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Both groups showed similar tooth color enhancement and color stability after 6 months ( p < 0.05). No significant difference in prevalence of sensitivity was detected between groups ( p < 0.001). Higher TS intensity (median [first/third quartiles]) was observed for Pl (1.5 [1/1.75]) compared with De (0.5 [0/1]) during treatment ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: The use of a desensitizing gel (5 % potassium nitrate, 2 % sodium fluoride) before tooth bleaching in patients with composite restorations did not reduce the prevalence of tooth sensitivity, but reduced the intensity of TS during bleaching. Clinical relevance: Although the use of a desensitizing agent before bleaching, in patients with composite resin restorations, did not reduce the prevalence of TS, a reduction of the TS intensity during the protocol was observed without jeopardizing the whitening outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This in vitro study investigated the effect of a desensitizer on the degree of conversion of two bonding resins using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Materials and Methods: An etch-and-rise bonding resin and a self-etching adhesive resin were selected for the study. Vivasens (Ivoclar Vivadent) was used as a desensitizing agent. Grouping was done as follows: Group I: Adper Single Bond (n=10), Group II: Adper Single Bond + Vivasens (n=10), Group III: AdheSE One (n=10), Group IV: AdheSE One + Vivasens (n=10). The bonding resin alone was light cured for 20 seconds in groups I and III. For groups II and IV, 1 ml each of the bonding resin and the desensitizer was mixed in a vial and light cured for 20 seconds. The specimens were analysed using FTIR spectroscopy. Results: Group II (Adper Single Bond + Vivasens) showed a significantly higher degree of conversion compared to Group I (Adper Single Bond). Comparing Groups III and IV, Group IV (AdheSE One + Vivasens) showed a significantly higher degree of conversion compared to Group III (AdheSE One). Conclusions: The degree of conversion is increased when a dentin bonding agent is used along with a desensitizer. Hence, this combination can be recommended to effectively control postoperative sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of three desensitizing agents on the shear bond strengths of four different bonding agents used to bond composite resin to dentin. A total of 160 extracted human molars were sectioned parallel to the occlusal plane under water cooling, polished and randomly divided into 4 groups of 40. Each group was treated with a different desensitizing agent (Tooth Mousse, Ultra-EZ, Cervitec Plus), except for an untreated control group. Each group was then randomly subdivided into 4 groups of 10, and a different dentin bonding agent (XP Bond, AdheSE, Adper Prompt L-pop, GBond) was applied to each group in order to bond the specimens to a resin composite (Gradia Direct) built up using a plastic apparatus. A Universal Testing Machine was used to measure the shear bond strength of each specimen. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s tests. With the exception of the Control/AdheSE and Ultra-EZ/XP Bond groups, no statistically significant differences were found in the shear bond strength values of the groups tested. These findings suggest that the use of different desensitizing agents does not affect the shear bond strength of various adhesive systems used to bond resin composite to dentin. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Topical methods of treating dentin hypersensitivity by applying desensitizing agent are widely used because they are convenient and have an immediate effect. However, there is concern regarding application effect of desensitizing agent on shear bond strength of resin composite to dentin. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of dentin pre-treatment with two desensitizing agents and without dentin pretreatment on the shear bond strength of the resin composite to dentin, mediated by total etching single bond adhesive system. Materials and Methods: Occlusal surfaces of 21 extracted human premolars teeth were ground flat to expose dentin surfaces and were polished using 500-grit silicon-carbide paper. Teeth were randomly divided into three groups: Group I-control, Group 2-Duraphat, Group 3-Bifluorid 12. After applying desensitizing agents and storing in artificial saliva for 7 days at 37°C, dentin surfaces were etched and bonding agent was applied. Then incrementally composite resin built up was done using plastic straw with dimension of 3 mm diameter X 4 mm height. The specimens were subjected to shear bond strength testing was done using instron machine at crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis analysis at a significance level of P< 0.05. Results: The results showed that application of both desensitizing agents on dentin surfaces significantly reduced the shear bond strength of resin composite to dentin compare to the control, the control group (I'- 0.001). Conclusion: Shear bond strength of resin composite to dentin will be reduced if dentin surface is treated with desensitizing agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous in vitro permeability and scanning electron microscopic studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of a new natural based-resin varnish (Shellac F) in dentin permeability reduction and effective tubule occlusion. The aim of this randomized double-blind, controlled, split mouth 8-week clinical study was to evaluate the efficiency of Shellac F in reducing dentin hypersensitivity. Ten patients (eight women: two men) completed the study. A quadrant including at least one hypersensitive tooth (Visual Analog Scale – VAS = 15 mm to air blast) was considered as a unit and randomly assigned to different groups for Shellac F, Duraphat®, Isodan®. Three applications of each material were completed at days 0, 1 and 7. The subjective response was assessed by tactile and thermal/evaporative methods. Data were collected at baseline and after the first application, at 15 min, 1, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days. Analysis was based on Kruskall–Wallis test, Wilcoxon signed rank test and the method of the least square means. No statistically significant difference was noted between Shellac F and the two control materials. Regardless of the type of stimulus, Shellac F showed significant immediate and progressive continuous efficiency in reducing dentin hypersensitivity until 56 days (VAS of 14 ± 12 mm and provoking pain force of 89 ± 12 cN, respectively, compared with 38 ± 23 mm and 41 ± 10 cN at baseline), corresponding to a highly effective relief dentin hypersensitivity. Shellac F reduced dentin hypersensitivity and did not differ from the two desensitizing agents used as controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dentinal hypersensitivity (DH) is a common chronic condition that affects a high proportion of the adult population and is one of the main reasons why patients seek dental opinion and treatment. Despite considerable success in reducing DH, unfortunately, most of the present methods can provide only temporary and unpredictable desensitization. Therefore, new treatment methods that are effective for long periods and at the same time do not have the complications are needed. Recently, two new desensitizing agents BioMin F and Propolis have been introduced for the treatment of DH., Aim: The aim of the study was to compare and evaluate the efficacy of BioMin F and Propolis containing toothpastes on dentinal tubule occlusion with and without the use of an adjunct 810 nm Diode Laser., Materials and Methods: Forty-five freshly extracted teeth were taken out of which thirty were sectioned into halves and divided into four test groups BioMin F, Propolis, BioMin F + Laser, and Propolis + Laser and control group. All the specimens were treated twice a day for 7 days and then evaluated under scanning electron microscope for partial and complete dentinal tubule occlusion., Results: A significantly higher number of completely occluded tubules were seen in BioMin F + laser group followed by Propolis + laser, Biomin F, and Propolis., Conclusion: Combination approach of desensitizing agent and laser provided a better result than the desensitizing agent alone and when compared individually Biomin F was more effective desensitizer as compared to Propolis., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2022 Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure.)

This study was evaluating how three desensitizing toothpastes used at home influence the effect associated with desensitizing agents after application in the clinic. Fifty dentine disks measure it permeability and 32 dentine disks with similar permeability levels were selected. Following Dental desensitizer treatment, dentine disks were randomly divided into three subgroups (n=10) that received applications of three toothpastes, respectively. The permeability (Lp) of each specimen was measured after each treatment. One specimen was selected from each group for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation. After each treatment, the Lp values decreased significantly for each group (p<0.05) and either completely or partially blocked the dentine tubules upon SEM observation. However, no significant differences in Lp values were observed amongst subgroups (p>0.05). After using the Dental desensitizer, Sensodyne, Crest and Colgate desensitizing toothpastes both can continued to reduce the permeability of the dentine disk, and no significant differences were found amongst them.

Introduction: Dentine hypersensitivity is a dental problem characterized by short, sharp pain araising from exposed dentine in response to stimuli, typically thermal, tactile, or chemical. One of the treatments for hypersensitive dentine is by applying desensitizing agent such as hydroxyapatite which can occlude dentinal tubules. The fish bone is a natural material that can be used to synthesize hydroxyapatite. This study aimed to determine the effect of hydroxyapatite from bone waste of Oreochromis niloticus, with a local name, tilapia, as a desensitizing agent on dentinal tubule occlusion. Methods: Hydroxyapatite powder was prepared using the precipitation method and sintered at 9000C for 5 hours. A 25% hydroxyapatite solution was obtained by mixing 25 grams of hydroxyapatite powder with 100 ml of distilled water. Dentine samples were prepared from twelve premolars cut longitudinally to separate the buccal and palatal sections, then the enamel layers on occlusal and buccal area were removed until the dentino enamel junction. Dentine samples were etched with 6% citric acid to open dentine tubule. Occluded dentinal tubules were observed by measuring microstructure microscope for pretest and posttest after application of 25% hydroxyapatite solution (Group A) and distilled water (Group B). Data were analyzed statistically using paired t t-test and independent t-test. Results: The dentinal tubules occlusion in the pretest hydroxyapatite group was 41.17% and post test 95.94%, while in the pretest distilled water group was 35.90% and posttest 42.19%. The mean differences of dentinal tubule occlusion between pretest and posttest in groups A and B were significant, and also between the two groups. Conclusion: The present study showed that application of 25% hydroxyapatite solution from Oreochromis niloticus is effective to occlude dentinal tubules, so it could be considered for a dentine hypersensitivity treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]