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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most frequent complication developed throughout pregnancy. It is defined as glucose intolerance which appears or is first diagnosed during pregnancy, usually in the course of the second trimester. According to the World Health Organization, the screening test must be performed with 75 g of oral glucose, between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation. The test is considered positive if any of the threshold values are exceeded. The disease results from the overlap between genetic predisposition and other risk factors, such as maternal age, high Body Mass Index, parity, ethnicity or other maternal conditions. Gestational diabetes mellitus is an important health problem which implies many risks for both mother and fetus. The challenges of the disease vary from mild ones to life-threatening conditions, such as shoulder dystocia, intrauterine growth anomalies, still births, coronary artery disease, and dyslipidemia. The aim of this article is to perform a literature review in order to summarize the interaction between genetic, immunological and biochemical factors, and their participation on the onset of gestational diabetes mellitus. The analysis was limited to articles written in English and published between January 2018 and April 2024 on PubMed, NCBI and Medical Journals. To synthesize, this literature review is sinking us to the deepest biohumoral and histopathological changes which appear in pregnancies complicated by insulin resistance and impaired fasting blood glucose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Worldwide, phytotherapy methods acquire great importance, and studies in this field are increasing their importance each day. This study, it was aimed to examine total antioxidant, oxidant status, oxidative DNA damage, glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels and the effects of barley grass juice on these parameters in rats with diabetes mellitus. Material and Method: Four groups were formed for the study and 6 male rats weighing 250-350 g were used in each group. Control Group; physiological saline was injected via intraperitoneal., Diabetic Group; created using streptozotocin, Barley Grass Group; Barley grass juice (3 ml/rat/day) was given orally for 4 weeks, Diabetic and Barley Grass Group; was injected streptozotocin and barley grass juice was given by oral for 4 weeks. Results: It was determined that barley grass juice decreased blood sugar, glucose, hemoglobin A1c, total oxidative status and oxidative stress index values, increased total anti-oxidative status value, and body weights in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. In addition, it was determined that the addition of barley grass juice provided a significant protective effect and improvement in these parameters. Conclusion: Based on these findings, we can say that barley grass juice has an antidiabetic-antioxidant effect and weight gain in diabetes mellitus

Diabetes is a burden on diagnosed people, not only from the perspective of the disease itself and its complications, but also the implications on personal and professional life. On the other hand, as family doctors, we have the obligation to prevent, diagnose early and monitor patients with diabetes. But this monitoring is not limited to reaching therapeutic targets with the aim of preventing the occurrence of complications, another goal is to follow to what extent the patient with diabetes retains the ability to drive a motor vehicle. In this article, I have analyzed the existing legislative provisions in Romania regarding the situation of patients with diabetes about the ability to drive motor vehicles, respectively the provisions regarding the obligations of primary care physicians to intervene when there are diagnosed pathologies that may be incompatible with the person’s ability to drive motor vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laryngeal cancer is the most common neck and head malignancy. Diabetic patients have an increased risk for developing cancer, including laryngeal and oral malignant lesions. Many factors have been involved in the relation between diabetes and carcinogenesis, such as hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, increased oxidative stress, alterations in lipids levels and metabolism, and inflammation. The treatment options of oral cavity and laryngeal cancer include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Metformin therapy is the most commonly used treatment in case of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The impact of metformin use in diabetic patients with head and neck cancer is not currently fully understood. Several studies suggest that patients undergoing treatment with metformin had a lower incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and decreased rates of recurrence and metastasis. In contrast, other studies have not shown benefits of metformin therapy on the outcomes of head and neck cancer in patients with T2DM. Numerous other studies are needed to confirm the metformin benefit in oral cavity and laryngeal cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Access to quality healthcare service is a challenge for many patients, especially in situations which impose movement restrictions, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Although it has the disadvantage of lacking a physical consultation, high accessibility makes telemedicine alongside teleconsultation preferred in numerous situations, contributing to high treatment adherence in patients. An important pathology addressed through telemedicine is diabetes mellitus, due to its possible commorbidities and negative impact. This study consisted of the analysis of the electronic files of 260 patients, between April and December 2020. A high adherence in prescription days covered was observed (89.91%). The increase of teleconsultations which was maintained even after the ease of lockdown measured suggested a good adherence to this method. Teleconsultation is an efficient method, with future prospects for providing healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoporosis is a disease that affects over 40 percent of women over the age of 50. The diabetes-osteoporosis relationship is complex and still incompletely elucidated, despite numerous studies conducted in recent decades. The influence of diabetes on bone tissue (1) differs, however, between the forms of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the main aspects of the physical therapy in the prophylaxis and treatment of diabetic osteoporosis in females, in the context of proper guidance and an appropriate exercise program. After 35 years of age, the bone continuously loses its substance, a normal and natural phenomenon with the aging. However, this loss can become a serious problem if the initial "bone reserve" was too low or if the bone loss is done too quickly, and especially after the menopause. The result is an increased risk of fracture, either by a normal fall, like in the wrist or hip, or by a moderate lifting effort, as in the case of the vertebrae. Insufficient physical activity, sedentarism, obesity or low body weight, metabolic disorders with absorption deficits lead to demineralization and bone marrow scarring. So, an appropriate exercise program under the auspices of: resistance, posture, balance, are targets that can activate osteoblast in the process of deposition and collagen construction in the bone matrix. A good exercise program in the prophylaxis and treatment of osteoporosis consists of exercise, posture and balance exercises designed for both upper and lower limbs, but also for abdominal and pelvic belts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a distinct condition in diabetes and is independent of atherosclerotic coronary disease, having as an effect over time the onset of heart failure. Objective/Aims: This paper aims to analyze, based on the existing data in the specialized literature, the main myocardial structural changes in the diabetic patients as well as the specific electrophysiological changes and their clinical impact Materials and Methods: The study is based on articles published in MEDLINE/PubMed and Google Scholar. Results. Discussion. It has been shown that even from the pre-diabetic stage there is cardiometabolic damage followed by myocardial hypertrophy and progression to heart failure. However, in the early stage of diabetes, myocardial damage is discrete. As the metabolic disease progresses, the myocardial structural damage becomes irreversible Conclusion: The active self-monitoring of glycemic values as well as the imaging evaluation by cardiac ultrasonography of all patients with metabolic syndrome even in the presence of normal glycemic values, in order to initiate the early initiation of specific antidiabetic therapy in order to prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular complications specific to this metabolic pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to demonstrate probable neuronal benefits derived from glycemic control in diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy (DRP) by using multifocal electroretinography (mfERG). METHODS: Forty patients with HbA1c level >8% were included in this study. Baseline mfERG measurement (first kernel order) of patients were done. The study group consisted of patients existed 1 unit decrease in HbA1c relative to baseline and the control group consisted of patients with an insufficient decrease (n=16). The control mfERG measurements of the study group were done after HbA1c decrease is obtained (mean 13.6 months) and in the first year follow-up in the control group. RESULTS: Baseline HbA1c level was 8.7+-0.6 in the study group and 8.4+-0.5 in the control group and the levels were 7.5+-0.5 and 8.35+-0.4 respectively after glycemic control. Decrease of HbA1c levels in the study group was significant. Comparing baseline and follow up measurements the difference between P1 and N1 wave amplitude and implicit time values weren't statistically significant in the study group in which glycemic control was good relative to baseline. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: We have determined no significant changes in mfERG parameters after approximately 1 year follow up in both good and insufficient glycemic control groups. The reasons for this could be the progression of retinopathy in diabetic patients despite glycemic control or inadequacy of first kernel orders in revealing functions of inner retina layers.

Introduction. Congenital defects of the kidney and urinary tract occur in the prenatal period and are responsible for 20-30% of all developmental malformations. The purpose of this study is to assess the risk factors for these intrauterine developmental disorders. Materials and method. We performed a prospective study between June 2016 and August 2021 that included newborns from the “Bucur” Maternity, Bucharest, who were diagnosed with congenital defects of the kidney and urinary tract. The study included 273 newborns divided into two groups: newborns with developing anomalies (n=144; 52.7% of all the subjects), and newborns without these anomalies (n=129; 47.3% of all the newborns). The malformations were divided into major and minor impairments. Results. Minor renal malformations were found in 5.56% of the newborns with anomalies (five males and three females). Also, 50% of these subjects were identified during pregnancy with a suspicion of minor renal anomalies. Moreover, 71.43% of the patients with this diagnosis had their mother living in urban area, and 37.5% of the patients with minor renal malformations came from a mother with diabetes. Another 37.5% of the newborns with minor renal defects had their mother with a history of oncologic diseases. Furthermore, 15.28% of the newborns from the group with development anomalies had major renal defects, 77.78% of them being born with a caesarean section and 77.27% of them being diagnosed during pregnancy. Conclusions. Major renal malformations are diagnosed in the prenatal period in a higher proportion than minor renal anomalies. Mothers with diabetes, oncological or renal diseases have a higher incidence of giving birth to an infant with urologic defects. Alcohol consumption can lead to major renal anomalies. Caesarean section is often required for infants with major renal anomalies. Male sex is associated with a higher incidence for minor renal anomalies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As we all know, diabetes is a global problem that has been growing over the years. According to the International Diabetes Federation, more than 425 million people worldwide suffer from this disease, and the majority of them are those with type 2 diabetes. Diabetic polyneuropathy is a very common disease, which causes a decrease in the quality of life of patients due to sensory and motor disorders, severe pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Un spectru larg de comorbidități a fost asociat cu boala Parkinson, care afectează mai mult de 7 milioane de oameni la nivel mondial. Dovezi emergente indică faptul că bolile cronice, inclusiv diabetul zaharat, depresia, anemia și cancerul, pot fi implicate în patogeneza și progresia BP.Studii epidemiologice recente sugerează că unele dintre aceste comorbidități pot crește riscul de BP și pot preceda apariția simptomelor motorii. Cu toate acestea, mecanismele care stau la baza apariției acestor comorbidități rămân a fi evazive.

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder related to blood insulin deficiency and high glucose level. Cinnamaldehyde is an important component of cinnamon and has an effect on blood glucose. It was aimed to investigate the the effect of cinnamaldehyde on the liver glutathione (GSH), glucose-6-phosphate dehidrogenase (G6PD) activity, blood glucose, protein, lipid and erythrocyte parameters, live weight in diabetic rats. Rat used for this research were divided 4 group as control, diabetic, cinnamaldehyde and diabetic + cinnamaldehyde group. The live weight and fasting blood glucose level, taken from tail vein were recorded every ten days. End of the trail the blood samples were taken from rats. Biochemical parameters with autoanalyzer and hematological parameters with blood cell counter were determined in blood. The activity of G6PD and GSH amounts were measured with ELISA in the liver tissues. Blood sugar, triglyceride, total cholesterol, VLDL, LDL, and urea levels increased in diabetic rats, and cinnemaldehyde significantly decreased these parameters. Cinnemaldehyde also showed a positive effect on body weight, blood total protein, and mean corpuscular volume in diabetes. A decrease in HbA1c and an increase in liver G6PD, GSH activity were found in treatment group, but these changes were not statistically significant. In conclusion, the antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of cinnamaldehyde were determined. It has also been shown to improve anaemia, ürea levels and weight loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: This study aims at investigating the oxidative stress effect of antidiabetic drugs of Metformin (MET) and sitagliptin (STG) in the liver tissue of diabetic rats from streptozotocin (STZ). Materials and Methods: Thirty-five female Wistar rats (3-4 months old, weighing 200±25 g) were divided into five groups (with seven rats each) and treated as follows: control (Cont), streptozotocin alone (STZ), streptozotocin + metformin (STZ+MET), streptozotocin + sitagliptin (STZ+STG), streptozotocin + metformin + sitagliptin (STZ+MET+STG). Sitagliptin, Metformin, and combined metformin sitagliptin treated subgroups for four weeks. Malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) levels, and oxidative stress index (OSI) ratio were measured in rat liver tissue. Besides, cells undergoing apoptotic cell death were determined using the TUNEL technique through histopathological evaluation. Results: MDA, TAS, and OSI of STZ+MET+STG administered group decreased compared to STZ. TOS of STZ+MET+STG administered group decreased compared to STZ. Conclusion: In the experimental T2D model in rats, it shows protective effect when sitagliptin is used with metformin against oxidative damage in liver tissue caused by STZ.

Purpose: Early identification of patients at risk for diabetes mellitus (DM) and associated morbidities such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) is essential for effective lifestyle intervention and treatment. Large-scale, cost-effective and minimally invasive screening programs are critical for this purpose. This study evaluated the prevalence and history-based risk factors for DR and whether the non-mydriatic fundus camera is an effective screening method in Turkey at local health centers. Methods: A total of 5182 adults 40 years and older were invited to local health centers in rural Eskisehir, Turkey, for DR risk factor assessment and screening by fundus examination. Fundal images were graded on-site by trained ophthalmology assistants for DR and diabetic macular edema (DME). Patients with DR and DME were referred to the tertiary center for follow-up. Results: The severity of DR was associated with female sex, older age, longer duration of DM, insulin usage, lower body mass index (BMI), lower educational level, higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure and poor control of blood glucose. DR was not associated with alcohol intake or smoking. DME was associated with DM duration and age. Conclusions: Identifying DR prevalence and risk factors are essential for disease control. Non-mydriatic fundus camera imaging proved effective for large-scale DR screening

Diabetes is today a great challenge for the medical world, forcing an interdisciplinary approach and active involvement of the diabetic patient in his therapeutic algorithm by assuming behavioral and medical changes in his life plan, once the diagnosis of this disease has been performed. As a result of consulting several meta-analyses and some research on the psychiatric pathology associated with diabetes, by far the most common psychiatric conditions involved are depression and anxiety disorders, with needle and hypoglycemia phobia. The relationship between psychiatric disorders and diabetes is a two-way one, both potentiating each other. The appearance of a mental suffering in the context of a diabetic disease will impair the prognosis of the latter and will decrease the glucose control, leading to the appearance of specific complications of a chronic hyperglycemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of our study was to determine the relationship between two well known cardiovascular risk factors (subclinical atheroclerosis and hypertension) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study group was represented by 92 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were treated with antidiabetic drugs or diet. Abdominal ultrasonography and Doppler ultrasonography were used to assess the severity of hepatic steatosis and subclinical atherosclerosis, evaluated using intima-media thickness of the carotid artery (CIMT). The average age of the study group was 60,38 ± 10,37 years. More than 90% of the subjects presented different degrees of hepatic fat load. 61% of the patients had CIMT values above the normal range. 75% of the subjects presented high blood pressure (BP) values. A direct statistically significant correlation between the degree of hepatic steatosis and CIMT (r =0.3636, p =0.0004) was found. Also, we found a positive correlation between the degree of hepatic fat load and the value of systolic blood pressure (SBP). These results sustain the hypothesis that NAFLD can be a predictor of cardiovascular risk due to its direct connection with CIMT and SBP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diagnosing peripheral neuropathy is essential for the majority of clinical specialties, as it often reveals systemic underlying diseases that are rarely purely neurological. The patient's history and thorough clinical examination represent the foundation of an early diagnosis. For internal medicine practitioners, it is important to consider common causes at first and search for diabetes, alcoholism or vitamin B12 deficiency, whilst following a diagnosis algorithm that encompasses cues to less popular aetiologies such as systemic vasculitis or paraproteinemia. Prior to requesting nerve conduction studies or further investigations, a few characteristics of peripheral neuropathy should be sought: onset, symmetry, distribution and function impairment (either sensory or motor). Given its interdisciplinary nature, peripheral neuropathies are managed via tight collaboration between the specialist and the internist. Although symptomatic treatment for painful neuropathy is available, treating the underlying disease is fundamental. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research suggests that there may be intergender differences in the profile of glycemic control achievable during the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This preliminary study was conducted to determine differences in glycemic outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients amongst men and women in an Indonesian hospital. The study was conducted at the outpatient internal medicine polyclinic of Universitas Airlangga Teaching Hospital Surabaya. This observational prospective cohort study examining outcomes for 64 patients (32 men and 32 women) treated with insulin therapy. The primary outcome measure was the extent to which subjects achieved concordance with the target blood glucose parameters based on the American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidance. After 3 months of combination basal-bolus insulin treatment, the proportion of subjects who had fasting blood glucose values in the target range did not increase for either gender. For women, there was a significantly higher proportion of subjects who achieved a postprandial glucose value within the target range (p=0.04) In this study, patients achieved postprandial glycemic outcomes for women but not men. More research is required to elucidate the possible intergender difference in results for subjects treated with basal-bolus insulin for type 2 diabetes mellitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, açlık glukozu (IFG), bozulmuş glukoz toleransı (IGT) ve yeni tanı almış tip 2 DM olarak gruplandırılmış hastalarda; glukoz metabolizması ve kardiyovasküler risk faktörleri parametreleri ve apelin-36 düzeylerini araştırılması amaçlanmıştır..Gereç ve Yöntem: Elli üç kadın ve yirmi yedi erkek, toplam seksen katılımcı bu çalışmaya dahil edildi. Orak glükoz tolerans testi (OGTT) sonuçlarına göre hastalar dört gruba ayrıldı. Grup 1: Normoglisemik kontroller (n: 20), Grup2: IFG'li hastalar (n: 20), Grup3: IFG ve IGT'li hastalar (n: 20), Grup4: Yeni tanı almış tip 2 DM hastaları (n: 20). Glikoz, lipidler, HbA1c, fibrinojen, insülin, kortizol, C-peptid ve Apelin-36 seviyeleri analiz edildi.Bulgular: Apelin-36 düzeylerinde grup 1 ile çalışma grupları 2,3 ve 4 arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark vardı). Glukoz metabolizması ve kardiyovasküler risk faktörleri için analiz edilen açlık glukozu, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, fibrinojen, insülin, kortizol, C-peptid, LDL-kolesterol, HDL-kolesterol, VLDL-kolesteroll, triglisterit, total kolesterol gibi parametreler çalışma grubu ile kontrol grubu karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı bir fark bulunduSonuç: Gelecekte serum apelin-36 düzeylerinin erken dönemlerde glukoz metabolizma bozukluğunu ve insülin direncini göstermek için bir belirteç olarak kullanılabileceğini düşünüyoruz.

Introduction This cross-sectional descriptive study investigated the relationship between spiritual well-being, disease perception, and disease adaptation in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods The sample consisted of 340 patients admitted to the internal medicine outpatient clinics of a city hospital in southern Turkey between January 2022 and January 2023. Data were collected using patient information, the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS), the Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ), and the Adaptation to Chronic Illness Scale (ACIS). The data were analyzed at a significance level of 0.05. Results Most participants were familiar with integrative interventions (84.1%). Less than half of the participants learned about integrative interventions from friends (46%). Less than a quarter of the participants had turned to integrative interventions (23.5%), such as cupping therapy (7.6%) and cinnamon therapy (7.1%). Participants had mean SWBS and ACIS scores of 118.40±11.46 and 84.46±9.18, respectively. There was a positive correlation between the ACIS and SWBS scores. There was also a positive correlation between total SWBS scores and scores on the IPQ "perceptions about the illness" subscale "timeline (acute/chronic)". Additionally, there was a positive correlation between the total ACIS score and the scores on the IPQ subscales "perceptions about the illness", "personal control", "treatment control", and "illness identification". Conclusion DM patients with greater spiritual well-being tend to adhere more to their treatment and management regimens. Moreover, DM patients with more positive perceptions of their illness tend to have greater levels of spiritual well-being, which correlates with improved adaptation to their disease management and treatment protocols., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Committee issued approval 30.09.2021-2021/6/11. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Atik et al.)

Background: The Lamiaceae family, one of the most important herbaceous and shrub plant families, includes a wide variety of plants with biological and medicinal uses. This study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of phenolic compounds content and biological activity of extracts from eight species of Lamiaceae plants, cultivated in a temperate climate, and to study the effect of the foliar salicylic acid application on these parameters. Methods: Lamiaceae plants (Lavandula angustifolia, Salvia officinalis, Hyssopus officinalis, Agastache foeniculum, Thymus serpyllum, Mentha × piperita, Origanum vulgare, Monarda didyma) cultivated on field experimental sites. Plants were sprayed with salicylic acid at a concentration of 1 mM. The untreated with salicylic acid plants were used as control. Results: The highest contents of hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids in control plants were observed in the Agastache foeniculum (6.4 ± 0.6 mg g-1 and 6.5 ± 0.4 mg g-1 respectively). The highest content of phenolic compounds was found in Monarda didyma (13.8 ± 0.7 mg g-1). Among the control plants, Agastache foeniculum, Hyssopus officinalis, and Mentha × piperita were characterized by the highest antioxidant activity. All the studied extracts had the ability to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Significant positive correlations were revealed between the antioxidant activity and the contents of hydroxycinnamic acids, total phenolic compounds, and flavonoids. A high degree of correlation was found between the α-amylase inhibitory activity and the content of hydroxycinnamic acids (r = 0.72, p ≤ 0.05), as well as between the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and the content of flavonoids (r = 0.83, p ≤ 0.05) and hydroxycinnamic acids (r = 0.81, p ≤ 0.05). The foliar treatment with salicylic acid led to an increase in the contents of hydroxycinnamic acids (in 6 species), flavonoids (in 2 species), total phenolic compounds (in 7 species), antioxidant activity (in 5 species), as well as in α-amylase (in 4 species) and α-glucosidase (in 5 species) inhibitory activity compared to the control plants. Lavandula angustifolia was the most susceptible to foliar treatment with salicylic acid. In this plant species, a significant increase in all studied biochemical parameters was noted. Conclusions: The results obtained on the stimulating effects of salicylic acid can be used to increase the nutritional and pharmacological value of plants of the Lamiaceae family cultivated in temperate climates.

Abstract Background & aim: The anti-diabetic effects of Walnut green skin have attracted many researchers in the recent years.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of green skin extract on the serum level of sugar, lipid profile, and ALP, ALT, AST enzymes in adult male diabetic rats. Methods: In the present experimental study, 32 adult male rats were divided into 4 groups of 8, including control, treated with medicine solvent, diabetic with 60 mg/kg dose of streptozotocin, and diabetic under 10 day treatment of 100 mg/kg dose of green skin extract of walnut groups. At the end, the serum level of glucose, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzymes are measured. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey tests. Results:The results of this study indicated that in diabetic animals, in comparison with control group, serum levels of ALP, ALT, AST enzymes, glucose, triglyceride, and LDL were increased, and HDL level decreased (P = 0.001). While in diabetic rats treated with green skin extract,in comparison with diabetic animals, the level of serum ALP, ALT, AST enzymes, glucose, triglyceride, and LDL decreased and HDL increased compared to diabetic animals(P = 0.001). Conclusion:The green skin extract of walnut with anti-diabetic effects reduces glucose, liver transaminases, and lipid profiles in diabetic animals

Introduction: In type 1 and type 2 diabetes, oxidative stress increases in the body. Oxidative stress is an imbalance between the production of free oxygen radicals and the antioxidant defense in the body. Hyperglycemia elevated the level of glucose oxidation in the several ways that leads to more radical production. Levels of some pro-oxidants such as ferritin and homocytine increase in diabetes. The increaed production of free oxygen radicals play an important role in the induction of vascular damages in the diabetic patients. Materials ad Methods:. The population of this cross-sectional study was the selected diabetic patients referred to Diabetes Clinic of Birjand University of Medical Sciences. Blood samples were collected from 81 patients and 35 healthy subjects. Levels of hemocysteine and total antioxidant serum were measured by EIA and FRAP methods, respectively. Results: The mean of hemocystein for the neprhropathy patients was 13.8 ± 10.9, retinopathy patients; 11.7 ± 4.9, diabetic paitients;16.6 ± 9.5;control group; 13.2 ± 7.4, p= 0.153. The mean of antioxidant levels in the nephropathy, retinopathy, diabetic, and control groups were 848.9 ± 2.22, 860.8± 150.51, 812.1 ± 171, 986 ± 260 respectively, p= 0.007. The results showed that there is a statistically significant difference between groups. Conclussion:This study showed that there is no relationship between homocysteine ​​level and type 2 diabetes, but the antioxidant level in type 2 diabetes is reduced.

ABSTRACT. Since current reports demonstrated a higher prevalence of foot ulcers in diabetic patients who suffer from foot complication, the preventing occurrence of foot ulcers were the primary target in foot care. Clinical consensus introduced a variety of pressure-relieving products to diabetic patients and clinicians prescribed these products to their patients and recommended them used in daily life. However, available data were still controversial and whether these products could effectively reduce plantar pressure or not were uncertain. Thereby, this meta-analysis aimed first to summary all relevant findings in current database and secondly to explore whether pressure-relieving insoles/shoes can really relieve plantar pressure and what’s differences between customized products (shoes/insoles) and standard ones in reducing plantar pressure. We first searched published articles cited from Web of Science, Medline via OVID, CINAHL, SCOPUS, INFORMIT, Cochrane Central and EMBASE via OVID. Then we filtered observational studies reporting experimental effect of pressure-relieving insoles/ shoes. Meanwhile, we set up primary outcome as overall mean peak plantar pressure (MPP) and secondary outcomes as MPP at various plantar regions and MPP at insoles/shoes with various structure designs. Our results show that pressure-relieving products (shoes/insoles) did lower the amplitude of pressure concentration; effect of custom-made and pre-fabricated products on pressure-relieving were similar. These findings suggested that no matter pressure-relieving products were custom-made or prefabricated standard one, if they were designed targeting to increase overall plantar contact areas, such as designed based on plantar model, or to provide extra arch supports or plug-in structures to transfer pressure concentration, they were all useful in diabetic foot care to prevent occurrence of ulceration. Overall, it is recommended that diabetic patients shall wear pressure-relieving insoles/shoes while walking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are contributing factors to diabetes complications. The antigenic nature of AGEs established the theory of incessant accumulation of AGEs can incite an autoimmune response in a diabetic patient. Glycating agents like 3-deoxyglucosone are increased in diabetic patients, leading to the high formation of AGEs aggravating the pathophysiological conditions in diabetes. We aimed to study the immunogenicity of glycated histone H1 protein and AGEs (N-carboxymethyl-lysine and pentosidine) as well as detection of autoantibodies in the sera of type 2 diabetic subjects. Materials and Methods: Female rabbits were injected with native H1 and glycated-H1 to discern its immunogenicity. Diabetic subjects’ sera were also scanned for the detection of autoantibodies against glycated-H1 and AGEs using immunochemical assay technique. Results: Glycated-H1 was highly immunogenic, unlike the native analog. Diabetic sera showed 48% (72 of 150 samples) significantly strong binding with glycated-H1, further sera also showed 40% (60 of 150 samples), and 36% (54 of 150 samples) strong binding with CML, and pentosidine, respectively. Conclusion: The findings support modified H1 as well AGEs are highly immunogenic in nature. The presence of autoantibodies against glycated-H1 and AGEs may be utilized in the assessment of diabetes or its complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ficus L. is one of the widespread genera of the Moraceae family. We aimed to evaluate the inhibiting effect on digestive enzymes linked to diabetes, the antioxidant activity and the phytochemical composition of active extract/fraction of fruit latex of Ficus carica L. subsp. carica (All.) Schinz Et Thel. The inhibition effect of extracts and fractions tested with α-amylase and α-glucosidase methods and the antioxidant effect investigated with ABTS·+ and FRAP tests. The qualitative determination of compounds within the active extract/fraction was carried out by LC–MS/MS. In a result, the highest α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity found in F2 fraction of fruit latex (IC50 = 195.205 ± 0.015 µg/mL and 6.920 ± 0.026 µg/mL, respectively). Moreover, the highest total phenolic (26.816 ± 0.007 mgGAE/gextract) and total flavonoid content (8.615 ± 0.009 mgCA /gextract) was found in S1extract and this extract showed the highest antioxidant activity on FRAP (at a concentration of 1 mg/mL equivalent to 179.802 ± 2.201 mmol Fe2+) and ABTS+· (at a concentration of 1 mg/mL equivalent to 0.296 ± 0.055 µM Trolox) tests. Besides that, a preliminary examination of the mass spectrums of active F2 fraction and S1 extract revealed the presence of one xanthone, one organic acid derivative, one chromone derivative, one fatty acid and one phenolic acid. It is the first report on α-amylase, α-glucosidase and antioxidant activities, and phytochemical analysis of fruit latex of F. carica subsp. carica and these studies could contribute to the advanced pharmacological activity studies of this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To study the circulating levels of IL13 in obese and diabetic patients. Methods: The study group included 69 patients from an outpatient clinic, divided in four subgroups: obese without diabetes (O) (n= 24), obese with diabetes (OD) (n= 24), non obese diabetics (NOD) (n= 9) and controls, lean individuals without diabetes (C) (n= 12). Several clinical (age, sex, weight, BMI, abdominal and hip circumference, blood pressure), laboratory (blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, serum proteins and protein electrophoresis, lipid metabolism parameters, urea and creatinine, CRP and IL13 serum levels) were assessed in the study group and separately in each subgroup. Statistical analysis was performed using the appropriate statistic tests. Results: IL13 was significantly higher in the OD versus the C group (27.61±9.72 pg/ml vs 20.69±5.89 pg/ml, p= 0.03). There was a moderate positive correlation between IL13 and abdominal circumference (correlation coefficient rs 0.416, p=0.0004). In multivariate regression analysis, abdominal circumference and IL4 were significant predictors of IL13 (regression model p=0.0086). No statistically significant differences in IL13 levels were found between the NOD and the control groups. Conclusions: Abdominal obesity was associated with higher levels of IL13 which was negatively correlated with C-reactive protein level. Diabetes in non obese individuals was not associated with alterations in the IL13 levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetes is a metabolic disease that is associated with hyperglycemia and infertility. Previous studies indicate that aloe vera may positively affect the blood glucose and fertility. Objective: the present study was carried out to evaluate effect of aloe vera on serum oxidant/antioxidant activity and reproductive hormones following experimental diabetes. Methods: sixty adults male wistar rats were divided to 5 groups. control group(A) was kept without treatment. Group(E) only received aloe vera gel(400 mg/kg-orally). Experimental diabete mellitus was induced in 3 groups of rats by streptozotocin( 65 mg/kg-Ip). One diabetic group was kept without treatment(B). Another diabetic group received aloe vera gel(400 mg/kg-orally)(C) and another received insulin(10 units)(D). Aloe vera gel and insulin was administration for 30 days then, the rats were anesthetized and blood collected. The amount of malondialdehid(MDA), anti oxidant activity(AOA), glutathion peroxidase activity(GPX), thiol protein(TSH), testosterone, LH and FSH was determined in serum. Results: level of testosterone was significantly decreased while amount of MDA, TSH, GPX and AOA was significantly increased in non-treated diabetic rats. Aloe vera increased antioxidant defense. Conclusions: Aloe vera improves antioxidant activity and reduces diabetic complications. Key words: Diabetes, Aloe vera, Anti oxidant, pituitary – sexual hormones, rat.

Background and aims: Diabetic foot is the most common cause for hospitalization among diabetic patients whose treatment is costly in the world. In developed countries, over 5% of diabetic patients are involved in diabetic foot, and if it is not treated quickly and appropriately, it wil be led to blood infection, gangrene, and amputation. The present study aimed at investigating the wound severity and its association with predisposing factors in patients with diabetic foot. Methods: This is a descriptive analytic study in which 94 patients with diabetic foot, referring to governmental and non-governmental clinics in Isfahan, were selected through convenient sampling. Data were collected by a three-section questionnaire. The first section contained demographic characteristics, and the second was on wound severity based on Wagner scale. The third section was associated with wound formation predisposing factors. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and by SPSS software through Spearman correlation test, Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney. Results: Wound severity, based on Wagner scale, was in grade two in most of diabetic food patients (75%). There is a significant association between wound severity and the factors such as BMI(P=0.041), smoking (P=0.041), FBS (0.026), two hour postprandial glucose (P=0.016), and wound depth (P=0.041). Conclusion: Based on the findings, diabetic food wound severity was moderate among the subjects and predisposing factors were FBS, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, smoking, and wound depth. It is recommended to detect and modify these factors among the patients to prevent amputation and probable complications.

Objective - The purpose of our study was to evaluate LDL-cholesterol goal attainment in patients at very high-cardiovascular risk due to concurrent arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and ASCVD, in light of the recently updated dyslipidemia guidelines. Methods - Data from patients enrolled between January 2016 and December 2017 was collected in order to assess LDL cholesterol target attainment (=70 mg/dL and <55 mg/dL) corresponding to 2016 and 2019 European Dyslipidemia Guidelines. Results - A total of 993 patients were included in the analysis. Only 31% of patients achieved LDL-c goals of =70 mg/dL, without gender differences, a percentage which further dropped to 15% after establishing the target below 55 mg/dL. Patients with concurrent atrial fibrillation (34.9% vs. 25.1%, p=0.006), heart failure (37.1% vs. 27.2%, p=0.047) and chronic kidney disease (36.3% vs. 28.2%, p=0.028) had better, though far from optimal lipid control per the 2016 guidelines. Two in three patients had controlled diabetes with HbA1c values below 7%. Conclusion - Our study shows that LDL-c targets were not met by very-high risk patients even with the lower 2016 threshold, with the new recommendations making lipid goals look more daunting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a clinical condition resulting from chronic exposure to glucocorticoid excess. Hypercortisolism contributes significantly to the early development of systemic disorders by direct and/or indirect effects. Complications such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypercoagulability cause premature atherosclerosis and increase cardiovascular mortality. These associated abnormalities increase cardiovascular risk not only during the active phase of the disease but also long after the remission of hypercortisolism. Clinical management of these patients should be particularly careful and control of cardiovascular risk factors is necessary for a long period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus is often associated with a risk of developing some types of cancer. The association between head and neck cancers and diabetes as well as prognosis and treatment tolerance remains a controversy. Acute toxicities associated with treatment may be amplified by the presence of comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes and collagen diseases. Another factor implicated in the treatment tolerance is also the limitation by the presence of hyperglycemia of the corticosteroids dose used for the control of pain and edema associated with chemo-irradiation and for the treatment of thrombocytopenia. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the involvement of diabetes mellitus in the toxicities associated with chemo-radiotherapy treatment in multimodal treated patients for advanced local head and neck cancers. For patients with locally advanced non-metastatic head and neck treated with multimodal (chemo-radiotherapy) acute toxicities (radio-dermitis, radio-mucositis, dysphagia) was analyzed comparatively in patients who associate or not cancer with diabetes. It was also compared if the diagnostic of diabetes influenced the intensity of chemotherapy. Identifying the predictive value of diabetes mellitus for the severity of toxicities in multimodal curative treatment for head and neck cancers can lead to limitation of radiation dose to some radiosensitive anatomical structures in the context of the modern IMRT and VMAT irradiation techniques implementation in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus develop more frequently than healthy controls cardio- and cerebrovascular disorders. It is important to understand the mechanisms through which diabetes contributes to the development and severity of these complications. Extracellular vesicles (EV) are important mediators of cell to cell communication in several diseases, including diabetes mellitus and vascular disease. Three populations of EVs are described presently: exosomes, microvesicles and apopototic bodies. Recent studies have shown that atherosclerotic lesions of all stages contain microvesicles. Higher levels of circulating EVs have been discovered in individuals with cardiovascular risk factors, with both pro-atherogenic and anti-atherogenic effects. Regarding cerebrovascular disease, studies have shown that exosomes, especially those derived from stem cells, play an important role, preventing post-ischemic suppression. Different cell types in the heart contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy and EV seem to be essential in the intercellular crosstalk between heart cells. According to recent research EVs could play an important role in different cardiac and cerebral regenerative therapies and could also be used as therapeutic vectors in cardiovascular medicine. Further large animal and human studies are necessary to validate EVs as diagnostic and therapeutic tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The administration of montmorilonit with food and β-alanine and GABA-T inhibitor ethanolamine-O-sulfate (EOS) with water to rats prevents the hyperglycemic effect of chemical diabetogen streptozotocin intraperitoneal injection. Streptozotocin injection to intact rats statisticaly proven decreases the level of neuroactive amino acids in brain and pancreas. Referred to above food additive prevents such effect of streptozotocin and its inhibitory action on the glutamate utilization by brain and pancreas homogenates. Obtained data testify the preventive action of used food additive on the diabetes mellitus initiation by streptozotocin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Psychology / Revista de Psihologie is the property of Romanian Academy Publishing House / Editura Academiei Romane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University / Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacilik Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ankara University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent chronic and complex metabolic diseases of human , which hyperglycemia can be mentioned as its prominent characteristic. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the hypoglycemic effects of fruit of Rosa canina (R.c.) extract in healthy and diabetic rats. Method: A total of 72 Wistar male rats were divided into six group: control, STZ (diabetic) control, R.c. control (50 mg/kg), R.c. control (100 mg/kg) and two experimental groups with 50, and 100 mg/kg of extract dose. Diabetes was induced using streptozotocine (60 mg/kg; IP), and blood collection was carried out on 0, 2 and 4 hours after the oral administration of the extracts. Results: The levels of plasma glucose were determined by spectrophotometric method. In order to statistically analyze the study data, ANOVA test was performed. There was a significant difference between groups concerning the plasma glucose concentration (P

مقدمه: اهمیت و نقش تعیین کننده ای که خود مراقبتی در کنترل،ارتقای سلامت و کیفیت زندگی بیماران دیابت دارد و از بروز و پیشرفت عوارض و ناتوانی بیماران جلوگیری می کند از کسی پوشیده نیست. این مطالعه با هدف تعیین تأثیر آموزش بر ارتقای خود مراقبتیدر بیماران دیابتی نوع 2 تحت پوشش مراکز بهداشتی درمانی روستایی شهرستان نور انجام شد. مواد و روش ها: مطالعه حاضر از نوع مداخله ای و تجربی بوده که بر روی 200 بیماردیابتی نوع 2 تحت پوشش مراکز بهداشتی درمانی روستایی شهرستان نور،به روش نمونهگیری طبقه ای انجام شده است.ابزار جمع آوری اطلاعات پرسشنامه ای در دو بخش که بخش اول شامل اطلاعات دموگرافیک و بخش دوم حاوی 4 حیطه ورزش، مراقبت از پا، نحوه مصرف دارو و تزریق انسولین و حیطه کنترل منظم قند خون در مورد آگاهی و رفتارهای خود مراقبتی بود. اطلاعات به صورت پیش آزمون و پس آزمون با فاصله 8 هفته پس از مداخله جمع آوری شد. مداخله در یک دوره ده روزهبه روش آموزش تلفیقی شامل: سخنرانی، بحث گروهی، پرسش و پاسخ و همراه با توزیع پمفلت و پوشش و پخش فیلم و با استفاده از تجارب بیماران موفق در نظر گرفته شد. داده ها با آزمون کای-دو، آزمونt –مستقل با استفاده از نرم افزارSPSS 18 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج: آگاهی خود مراقبتی در زمینه ورزش و مراقبت از پا و نحوه مصرف دارو و تزریق انسولین و کنترل منظم قند خون در بیماران دیابتی،بعد از اجرای برنامه آموزشی در هر دو گروه مورد و شاهد معنی دار بود که افزایش آگاهی بیماران دیابتی در گروه مورد به طور معنی داری افزایش یافت.همچنین تأثیر سن و جنس و سواد هم بر ارتقای خود مراقبتی بیماران دیابتی در هر دو گروه معنی دار بود ولی رابطه معنی داری بین تأثیر شغل بر ارتقای خود مراقبتی بیماران دیابتی در دو گروه مورد و شاهد دیده نشد. بحث ونتیجه گیری: یافته های این پژوهش نشان داد که میزان آگاهی، عملکرد خود مراقبتی بیماران نسبت به بیماری دیابتی نوع 2 به طور معنی داری افزایش یافت که این خود در پیشگیری از عوارض و ناتوانی و کنترل بیماری اهمیت دارد. بنابراین با تدوین برنامه های آموزشی مناسب موجبات افزایشآگاهی بیماران مبتلا به دیابت نوع 2 در مراکز بهداشتی درمانی روستایی و شهری فراهم کرد و حتی همگام با افزایش آگاهی موجبات بهبود نگرش و عملکرد آن ها را نیز فراهم کرد.

Introduction: Group B streptococcus (GBS) has been found in the genital and gastrointestinal tracts of healthy women. The primary outcome of the study was to compare GBS carriage rates in diabetic and non-diabetic pregnant women. The secondary outcome was to investigate the relation between GBS carriage rates and HbA1c levels in diabetic women, admission of neonatal intensive care unit, and premature birth rates in previous deliveries. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study on term non-diabetic pregnant women and diabetic singleton pregnancies followed by maternal-fetal unit performed between August 2016 and November 2016 at a tertiary hospital in Istanbul. Vaginal and rectal swab samples were collected before servicovaginal examination from the patients admitted for labor. Wile the dependent variable was GBS colonization frequency, the independent variables were age, gravida, presence of diabetus mellitus, antibiotic prophylaxis, previous neonatal sepsis, and preterm birth. Results: Of the 213 patients, 113 were diabetic and 100 were nondiabetic. Vaginal cultures were positive in 8 (3.8%) patients, whereas rectal cultures were positive in 5 (2.3%). The rate of totalF culture positivity was 5.6%. In one patient, both vaginal and rectal GBS were positive. In diabetic and control groups, there was no significant difference in terms of preterm birth rates. In both culture-positive and negative groups, preterm birth rates, neonatal intensive care unit admission rates, and HgbA1c levels were not significantly different. Conclusion: Although Turkish population has low risk in terms of GBS infection, to control maternal-fetal mortality and mobidity, the routine use of guidelines for the detection of third trimester GBS colonization can be useful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insulin resistance is a determinant factor for the increased prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes patients. In this study we determined those modifications of clinical and biochemical parameters associated with insulin resistance in the diabetic patient, these alterations can offer us indications concerning the pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to the diabetes development in the case of most patients. Also we determined a correlation between insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk, through the combined effect of age and insulin resistance on this risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It is necessary that we have more information about the quality of life (QOL) of diabetics, their special characteristics and socioeconomical characteristics that affect QOL in type II diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the QOL in type II diabetic patients and relationship of QOL in type II diabetic patients with socioeconomical and treatment factors in Bojnord City, Iran. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study. The subjects, in this study, were patients with type II diabetes referring to the diabetes clinic in the city of Bojnord, sampling was done randomly, according to the formula of samples and resources, 218 samples were estimated. For data collection, a two-part questionnaire containing demographic and disease characteristics and QOL questionnaire SF36. After collecting the information and entering data in the software SPSS using χ2 statistics test, one-way ANOVAs, t-test, and correlation coefficient were analyzed. Results: In this study, 218 patients with type II diabetes were analyzed of which 77 (35.3%) were male and 141 (64.7%) were female and most of the cases were married (96.3%). The mean age of the participants was 55.45 ± 11.44 years and also the average weight, body mass index, and duration of disease were 71.94 ± 12.17 kg, 27.18 ± 4.53, and 2720.78 ± 2504.63 days, respectively. The highest average among the eight dimensions of QOL is in physical function. The total score of the QOL was 55.94 ± 18.63. Furthermore, the findings showed that QOL of 66 people (30.3%), 56 people (27.7%), 59 people (27.0%), and 37 people (17.0%) is undesired, poor, good, and desirable, respectively. The results of t-test and ANOVA showed between gender, education, type of treatment and QOL in type II diabetic patients studied; there was a statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.050). Conclusion: To increase the QOL for diabetics, attention to the self-care training programs and continuous monitoring and regular of patients have an important role.

The blood microcirculation of the pancreas in rats with diabetes was studied using Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI). The impact on blood flow of x-ray contrast “OmnipaqueTM-300” (n = 1.438) and aqueous solution of “OmnipaqueTM-300” (n = 1.407) used as optical clearing agents (OCAs) was also investigated. The alloxan induced animal model of diabetes was exploited. The results obtained in the study of blood microcirculation disorders of pancreas in diabetes and under topical application of optical clearing agents show that disease development in animals causes changes in the microcirculatory system response to application of “OmnipaqueTM-300” solutions.

Abstract Background and Objective: Trichomonas vaginalis is a pathogenic agent known worldwide and affects about 180 million annually. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in diabetic patients referred to diabetic research center. Material and Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, 215 women referring to the Diabetic Center in Kermanshah Province were investigated for Trichomonas vaginalis. After collecting the data by a questionnaire, the samples were obtained from posterior fornix by sterile swabs and sent for assessing by direct microscopy and Dorset medium. Results: Totally, 1.3 percent of the women were confirmed to be infected with T. vaginalis. Conclusion: The range of blood sugar cannot remarkably affect the prevalence of T. vaginalis. Given the limitations of this study and low prevalence compared to similar studies, we recommend further comprehensive research for better understanding. Keywords: Trichomonas Vaginalis, Diabet, Prevalence

Background: Diabetes disorder in organ's function via oxidative stress. In this research, the protective effect of vitamin E and selenium "as antioxidant" on liver function were investigeted in diabetic rats. Materials and methods: 35 adult male rats (Wistar) weighing 180 ± 20g divided randomly into control, sham and 3 experimental groups (E, S and E+S). All of groups except control were fed 140 cc fructose 10% as a daily for 9 weeks. Control group without treatment, sham were injected 0.20 cc of physiologic serum and and group (S) were injected 0.20 cc of selenium solution (0.5 mg/kg/b.wt) intraperitoneally. group (E) were gavaged 0.20 cc of vitamin E solution (0.5 mg/kg/b.wt) and Group (E + S) gavaged vitamin E and were injected selenium (0.5mg/kg/b.wt) for 9 weeks. Blood sampling of all groups and were separated for biochemical analyzes. Then liver was disected and fixed in 3% formalin. hbafty Automatic Tissue processor with 5 micrometer and were examined by light microscope. The sections with 5 micron thickness were prepared by microtome after passage in Tissue processor automatically. They were studied on light microscope. Using statistical software, SPSS 17, data were analyzed by ANOVA and groups were compared by Touki test at a significance level (P

Background & Objective: With respect to an increase in diabetes prevalence, and the likelihood of ocular complications among them, this study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and risk factors and incidence of the ocular complications in patients of Nader Kazemi, Shiraz Diabetic center from 1998 to 2010.Materials & Methods: In a cross sectional study , subjects were selected based on a systematic random sampling to investigate the incidence of the ocular complications and the influence of factors such as age, sex, types of diabetes, job, education, blood triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol level, Family history of diabetes, history of hypertension, history of participation in educational classes, methods of treatment, duration of diabetes and fasting blood sugar were considered on them.Results: Ocular complications were found among 229 diabetic patients (32.6%). patients having type II diabetic have more ocular complications comparing with patients with type I diabetes (P

Background: Poorer postoperative outcome is suggested after repairing surgery in diabetic patients with lumbar spinal stenosis in comparison with nondiabetic patients. The present study aimed to compare the clinical outcome of surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis and diabetic and nondiabetic patients to highlight the effect of diabetes on prognosis of this surgical procedure. Methods: This prospective cohort study is conducted on 25 diabetic patients with lumbar spinal stenosis who were candidate for surgical treatment. A gender, age, and body mass index-matched group including 30 nondiabetic patients with lumbar spinal stenosis was considered as the control. The clinical condition of the patients was assessed based on oswestry disability index (ODI) before and immediately after surgery. Results: There was no difference in baseline ODI index between diabetes and diabetes group (73.68 ± 18.89 vs. 71.20 ± 18.27, P = 0.625), whereas postprocedure ODI was significantly higher in diabetic patients than in nondiabetic group (54.32 ± 19.03 vs. 29.47 ± 18.75, P < 0.001). The multivariable logistic regression analysis could show a difference in postoperative ODI between diabetic and nondiabetic patients with the presence of baseline variables as the confounders (beta = -24.509, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Lower improvement in physical ability is expected in diabetic patients after surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis when compared to nondiabetes patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]