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10 results on '"didymella pinodella"'

1. Survey and Identification of Didymellaceae Causing Stem Canker Disease of Eucalyptus (E. camaldulensis) in Ethiopia

Author

Wendu Admasu, Assefa Sintayehu, and Alemu Gezahgne

Subjects
didymella pinodella, eucalyptus, incidence, phylogeny, severity, stem canker, Agriculture (General), S1-972
Abstract

Plantation forests are established by planting Eucalyptus tree species to provide timber and pulp for the construction industries and to meet the energy needs in Ethiopia. Besides the extensive Eucalyptus plantations in the country, fungal pathogen-related diseases are the main challenges to successful production and management. The disease survey was conducted in the Eucalyptus growing areas of Ethiopia during 2019/2020 and 2020/2021. The objective of this research was to assess the diseases associated with Eucalyptus plant species and identify the causal fungal species. Plants of E. camaldulensis were the dominant species in the survey fields and were severely associated with stem and branch canker diseases. Diseased samples were collected and fungal species were identified as Didymellaceae according to culture morphology and affirmed by internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis. In phylogeny, isolates in the study and a reference strain formed supportive monophyletic clades with strong 90% and 95% support with Didymella coffeae-arabicae and Didymella pinodella respectively. Pathogenicity tests revealed that Didymellaceae could infect E. camaldulensis. The findings are the first reports of Eucalyptus stem canker disease caused by Didymellaceae in Ethiopia.

Published
2022
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2. In vitro assessment of fungicides efficacy against fungal isolates causing Eucalyptus stem canker diseases in Ethiopia.

Author

Admasu, Wendu, Sintayehu, Assefa, and Gezahgne, Alemu

Subjects
*FUNGICIDES, *BOTRYODIPLODIA theobromae, *EUCALYPTUS camaldulensis, *MANCOZEB, *EUCALYPTUS, *TREE diseases & pests
Abstract

Field surveys of E. camaldulensis diseases were conducted during 2019/20 and 2020/21 in Ethiopia. This species was found the most commonly planted in the surveyed fields and were showing stem canker diseases. Sampling was done from diseased stem and branches with clear symptoms. The morphological as well as PCR assay of the ITS1 and ITS2 loci were performed to identify the fungal pathogens. Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Didymella pinodella were the identified fungi. Four nationally licensed fungicides, Vitra (copper hydroxide), Ridomil gold (Metalaxyl-M + mancozeb), Liveshow (Pyraclostrobin + Epoxiconazole), and Sabozeb (Mancozeb) were evaluated for their in vitro efficacy against these fungi at concentrations of 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm for the management trial. Vitra and Liveshow were found to be the most effective fungicides at 2000 ppm for the control and treatment of Eucalyptus camaldulensis stem canker diseases. The findings from this research will provide foundation for future studies as this is the first report for the management of this Eucalyptus tree disease in Ethiopia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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4. A Novel Real Time PCR Method for the Detection and Quantification of Didymella pinodella in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Plant Hosts

Author

Adnan Šišić, Thomas Oberhänsli, Jelena Baćanović-Šišić, Pierre Hohmann, and Maria Renate Finckh

Subjects
pea, foot and root rot, Didymella pinodella, Phoma medicaginis var. pinodella, qPCR, wheat, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Didymella pinodella is the major pathogen of the pea root rot complex in Europe. This wide host range pathogen often asymptomatically colonizes its hosts, making the control strategies challenging. We developed a real-time PCR assay for the detection and quantification of D. pinodella based on the TEF-1 alpha gene sequence alignments. The assay was tested for specificity on a 54-isolate panel representing 35 fungal species and further validated in symptomatic and asymptomatic pea and wheat roots from greenhouse tests. The assay was highly consistent across separate qPCR reactions and had a quantification/detection limit of 3.1 pg of target DNA per reaction in plant tissue. Cross-reactions were observed with DNA extracts of five Didymella species. The risk of cross contamination, however, is low as the non-targets have not been associated with pea previously and they were amplified with at least 1000-fold lower sensitivity. Greenhouse inoculation tests revealed a high correlation between the pathogen DNA quantities in pea roots and pea root rot severity and biomass reduction. The assay also detected D. pinodella in asymptomatic wheat roots, which, despite the absence of visible root rot symptoms, caused wheat biomass reduction. This study provides new insights into the complex life style of D. pinodella and can assist in better understanding the pathogen survival and spread in the environment.

Published
2021
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5. A Novel Real Time PCR Method for the Detection and Quantification of Didymella pinodella in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Plant Hosts

Author

Adnan Šišić, Thomas Oberhänsli, Jelena Baćanović-Šišić, Pierre Hohmann, Maria Renate Finckh, Producció Vegetal, and Protecció Vegetal Sostenible

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), asymptomatic infections, QH301-705.5, pea, Plant Science, Article, wheat, Wurzelf��ule, Didymella pinodella, Biology (General), Weizen, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Quantifizierung, foot and root rot, Phoma medicaginis var. pinodella, Breeding, genetics and propagation, food and beverages, Echtzeitbildverarbeitung, qPCR, Erbse, Infektion, Cereals, pulses and oilseeds, Erkennung
Abstract

Didymella pinodella is the major pathogen of the pea root rot complex in Europe. This wide host range pathogen often asymptomatically colonizes its hosts, making the control strategies challenging. We developed a real-time PCR assay for the detection and quantification of D. pinodella based on the TEF-1 alpha gene sequence alignments. The assay was tested for specificity on a 54- isolate panel representing 35 fungal species and further validated in symptomatic and asymptomatic pea and wheat roots from greenhouse tests. The assay was highly consistent across separate qPCR reactions and had a quantification/detection limit of 3.1 pg of target DNA per reaction in plant tissue. Cross-reactions were observed with DNA extracts of five Didymella species. The risk of cross contamination, however, is low as the non-targets have not been associated with pea previously and they were amplified with at least 1000-fold lower sensitivity. Greenhouse inoculation tests revealed a high correlation between the pathogen DNA quantities in pea roots and pea root rot severity and biomass reduction. The assay also detected D. pinodella in asymptomatic wheat roots, which, despite the absence of visible root rot symptoms, caused wheat biomass reduction. This study provides new insights into the complex life style of D. pinodella and can assist in better understanding the pathogen survival and spread in the environament. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2022
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6. A Novel Real Time PCR Method for the Detection and Quantification of Didymella pinodella in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Plant Hosts.

Author

Šišić, Adnan, Oberhänsli, Thomas, Baćanović-Šišić, Jelena, Hohmann, Pierre, and Finckh, Maria Renate

Subjects
*POLYMERASE chain reaction, *MYCOSPHAERELLA pinodes, *HOST plants, *DNA
Abstract

Didymella pinodella is the major pathogen of the pea root rot complex in Europe. This wide host range pathogen often asymptomatically colonizes its hosts, making the control strategies challenging. We developed a real-time PCR assay for the detection and quantification of D. pinodella based on the TEF-1 alpha gene sequence alignments. The assay was tested for specificity on a 54-isolate panel representing 35 fungal species and further validated in symptomatic and asymptomatic pea and wheat roots from greenhouse tests. The assay was highly consistent across separate qPCR reactions and had a quantification/detection limit of 3.1 pg of target DNA per reaction in plant tissue. Cross-reactions were observed with DNA extracts of five Didymella species. The risk of cross contamination, however, is low as the non-targets have not been associated with pea previously and they were amplified with at least 1000-fold lower sensitivity. Greenhouse inoculation tests revealed a high correlation between the pathogen DNA quantities in pea roots and pea root rot severity and biomass reduction. The assay also detected D. pinodella in asymptomatic wheat roots, which, despite the absence of visible root rot symptoms, caused wheat biomass reduction. This study provides new insights into the complex life style of D. pinodella and can assist in better understanding the pathogen survival and spread in the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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7. Morfološko - molekularna karakterizacija patogena iz Ascochyta spp. kompleksa

Author

Živanov, Dalibor, Stojšin, Vera, Maširević, Stevan, Jevtić, Radivoje, Karagić, Đura, and Nagl, Nevena

Subjects
Didymella pinodes, IGS1, TEF1-α, Didymella pinodes, Didymella pinodella, Ascochyta pisi, ITS, TEF1-α, IGS1, morfologija, patogenost, morphology, morfologija, Ascochyta pisi, patogenost, pathogenicity, Didymella pinodes, Didymella pinodella, Ascochyta pisi, ITS, TEF1-α, IGS1, morphology, pathogenicity, ITS, Didymella pinodella
Abstract

Poslednjih godina u različitim delovima Srbije zapažena je manja ili veća pojava patogena iz Ascochyta spp. kompleksa, kako na stočnom, tako i na konzumnom grašku. Navedeni kompleks čine tri fitopatogene gljive: Didymella pinodes, Didymella pinodella i Ascochyta pisi. Kompleksno oboljenje prouzrokovano gljivama iz Ascochyta spp. kompleksa se naziva Crna pegavost graška.Cilj istraživanja je bio da se prouče morfološke, molekularne i odgajivačke odlike gljiva D. pinodes, D. pinodella i A. pisi, kao i njihova patogenost irasprostranjenost na teritoriji Republike Srbije, kao i da se ispita tolerantnost domaćeg sortimenta stočnog graška prema navedenim patogenima.U periodu od 2013. do 2015. godine, utvrđeno je prisustvo Ascochyta spp. na 27 različitih lokaliteta u Srbiji, kao i na po jednom lokalitetu u Bosni i Hercegovini, Turskoj i Francuskoj. Morfološko - molekularnim analizama sakupljenih izolata, prvi put je potvrđeno prisustvo D. pinodes i D. pinodella na teritoriji Srbije, kao i prisustvo A. pisi na teritoriji BiH. Od ukupnog broja izolata poreklom iz Srbije, 48 izolata (62%) pripada vrsti D. pinodes, 26 izolata (34%) vrsti A. pisi i 3 izolata (4%) vrsti D. pinodella. Molekularna identifikacija svih 89 izolata sprovedena je na osnovu ITS i TEF1-α sekvenci, kao i na osnovu dužine amplikona IGS1 prajmera. IGS1 prajmeri su omogućili pouzdanu i nedvosmislenu identifikaciju pojedinačnih vrsta D. pinodes, D. pinodella i A. pisi. Navedeni prajmerski par je po prvi put uspešno primenjen na vrsti A. pisi.Sagledavanjem interakcija između različitih uslova gajenja i testiranih izolata Ascochyta spp., uočene su statistički značajne intraspecijske varijacije u pogledu porasta kolonija. Kod ispitivanih izolata D. pinodes, D. pinodella i A. pisi, u zavisnosti od svetlosno-temperaturnog režima i hranljive podloge uočena je velika varijabilnost u boji supstratne i vazdušne micelije. Kod pojedinih izolata vrste D. pinodella registrovano je formiranje belih kristala lepezastog, pahuljastog i paperjastog oblika na PDA hranljivoj podlozi pri temperaturi od 20ºC. Peritecije gljive D. pinodes su se formirale samo na Conn’s hranljivoj podlozi na 15ºC u tami, kao i na 20ºC pri oba svetlosna režima. Izolati D. pinodes, D. pinodella i A. pisi ispoljili su veliku varijabilnost u dužini i širini obrazovanih askospora i piknospora kao i hlamidospora u različitim uslovima gajenja. U ovom radu je po prvi put zabeleženo formiranje sklerocija kod izolata vrsta D. pinodes i D. pinodella u ispitivanim laboratorijskim uslovima.Veštačkom inokulacijom uočena je i velika varijabilnost u patogenosti između izolata D. pinodes, D. pinodella i A. pisi, prema domaćim sortama stočnog graška. Sorta Dukat je bila najosetljivija na ispitivane patogene Ascochyta spp. kompleksa, dok je sorta Kosmaj bila najtolerantnija., The presence of pathogens from the complex Ascochyta spp., either in low or high levels, has been confirmed on both forage pea and field pea in different regions of Serbia in the previous several years. This complex consists of three phytopathogenic fungi: Didymella pinodes, Didymella pinodella and Ascochyta pisi. Ascochyta blight (blackspot) of field pea is a composite disease caused by the fungi belonging to Ascochyta spp. complex.The aim of this dissertation was to study the morphological, molecular and selection characteristics of the fungi D. pinodes, D. pinodella and A. pisi, and theirpathogenicity and distribution on the territory of the Republic of Serbia, as well as to test the tolerance of domestic forage pea cultivars to the given pathogens.In the period 2013-2015, the presence of Ascochyta spp. was confirmed on 27 different sites in Serbia, as well as on one site in Bosnia and Herzegovina, one in Turkey, and one in France. Morphological and molecular analyses of the collected isolates confirmed the first appearance of D. pinodes and D. pinodella in Serbia, and A. pisi in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Out of the total number of isolates that originated from Serbia, 48 isolates (62%) belong to the species D. pinodes, 26 isolates (34%) belong to A. pisi and 3 isolates (4%) belong to D. pinodella. Molecular identification of all 89 isolates was based on ITS and TEF1-α sequences and amplicon length of IGS1 primer. IGS1 primers enabled reliable and unambiguous identification of individual species of D. pinodes, D. pinodella and A. pisi. The mentioned primer pair was successfully applied to A. pisi for the first time.The interactions between different growing conditions and the tested isolates of Ascochyta spp. were studied, and statistically significant intraspecies variations in colony growth were found. Depending on the light-temperature regime and growth medium, the tested isolates of D. pinodes, D. pinodella and A. pisi showed high variability in the colour of substrate and aerial mycelia. Certain isolates of D. pinodella formed white fan-shaped, dendritic and plumose crystals on PDA growth medium at 20ºC. Perithecia of D. pinodes formed only on Conn’s medium at 15ºC in the dark, and at 20ºC in both lights regimes. Isolates of D. pinodes, D. pinodella and A. pisi showed high variability in length and width of the formed ascospores and picnospores, as well as chlamydospores under different growing conditions. This study is the first report on the formation of sclerotia in isolates of D. pinodes and D. pinodella under the tested laboratory conditions.Artificial inoculation also showed a high variability in pathogenicity among the isolates of D. pinodes, D. pinodella and A. pisi to domestic cultivars of forage pea. The cultivar Dukat was the most susceptible to the tested pathogens of Ascochyta spp. complex, and the cultivar Kosmaj was the most tolerant.

Published
2018

8. A Novel Real Time PCR Method for the Detection and Quantification of Didymella pinodella in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Plant Hosts.

Author

Šišić A, Oberhänsli T, Baćanović-Šišić J, Hohmann P, and Finckh MR

Abstract

Didymella pinodella is the major pathogen of the pea root rot complex in Europe. This wide host range pathogen often asymptomatically colonizes its hosts, making the control strategies challenging. We developed a real-time PCR assay for the detection and quantification of D. pinodella based on the TEF-1 alpha gene sequence alignments. The assay was tested for specificity on a 54-isolate panel representing 35 fungal species and further validated in symptomatic and asymptomatic pea and wheat roots from greenhouse tests. The assay was highly consistent across separate qPCR reactions and had a quantification/detection limit of 3.1 pg of target DNA per reaction in plant tissue. Cross-reactions were observed with DNA extracts of five Didymella species. The risk of cross contamination, however, is low as the non-targets have not been associated with pea previously and they were amplified with at least 1000-fold lower sensitivity. Greenhouse inoculation tests revealed a high correlation between the pathogen DNA quantities in pea roots and pea root rot severity and biomass reduction. The assay also detected D. pinodella in asymptomatic wheat roots, which, despite the absence of visible root rot symptoms, caused wheat biomass reduction. This study provides new insights into the complex life style of D. pinodella and can assist in better understanding the pathogen survival and spread in the environment.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. Morphological and molecular characterization of Ascochyta species

Author

Živanov, Dalibor, Stojšin, Vera, Maširević, Stevan, Jevtić, Radivoje, Karagić, Đura, Nagl, Nevena, Živanov, Dalibor, Živanov, Dalibor, Stojšin, Vera, Maširević, Stevan, Jevtić, Radivoje, Karagić, Đura, Nagl, Nevena, and Živanov, Dalibor

Abstract

The presence of pathogens from the complex Ascochyta spp., either in low or high levels, has been confirmed on both forage pea and field pea in different regions of Serbia in the previous several years. This complex consists of three phytopathogenic fungi: Didymella pinodes, Didymella pinodella and Ascochyta pisi. Ascochyta blight (blackspot) of field pea is a composite disease caused by the fungi belonging to Ascochyta spp. complex. The aim of this dissertation was to study the morphological, molecular and selection characteristics of the fungi D. pinodes, D. pinodella and A. pisi, and their pathogenicity and distribution on the territory of the Republic of Serbia, as well as to test the tolerance of domestic forage pea cultivars to the given pathogens. In the period 2013-2015, the presence of Ascochyta spp. was confirmed on 27 different sites in Serbia, as well as on one site in Bosnia and Herzegovina, one in Turkey, and one in France. Morphological and molecular analyses of the collected isolates confirmed the first appearance of D. pinodes and D. pinodella in Serbia, and A. pisi in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Out of the total number of isolates that originated from Serbia, 48 isolates (62%) belong to the species D. pinodes, 26 isolates (34%) belong to A. pisi and 3 isolates (4%) belong to D. pinodella. Molecular identification of all 89 isolates was based on ITS and TEF1-α sequences and amplicon length of IGS1 primer. IGS1 primers enabled reliable and unambiguous identification of individual species of D. pinodes, D. pinodella and A. pisi. The mentioned primer pair was successfully applied to A. pisi for the first time. The interactions between different growing conditions and the tested isolates of Ascochyta spp. were studied, and statistically significant intraspecies variations in colony growth were found. Depending on the light-temperature regime and growth medium, the tested isolates of D. pinodes, D. pinodella and A. pisi showed high variability in the colour, Poslednjih godina u različitim delovima Srbije zapažena je manja ili veća pojava patogena iz Ascochyta spp. kompleksa, kako na stočnom, tako i na konzumnom grašku. Navedeni kompleks čine tri fitopatogene gljive: Didymella pinodes, Didymella pinodella i Ascochyta pisi. Kompleksno oboljenje prouzrokovano gljivama iz Ascochyta spp. kompleksa se naziva Crna pegavost graška. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se prouče morfološke, molekularne i odgajivačke odlike gljiva D. pinodes, D. pinodella i A. pisi, kao i njihova patogenost i rasprostranjenost na teritoriji Republike Srbije, kao i da se ispita tolerantnost domaćeg sortimenta stočnog graška prema navedenim patogenima. U periodu od 2013. do 2015. godine, utvrđeno je prisustvo Ascochyta spp. na 27 različitih lokaliteta u Srbiji, kao i na po jednom lokalitetu u Bosni i Hercegovini, Turskoj i Francuskoj. Morfološko - molekularnim analizama sakupljenih izolata, prvi put je potvrđeno prisustvo D. pinodes i D. pinodella na teritoriji Srbije, kao i prisustvo A. pisi na teritoriji BiH. Od ukupnog broja izolata poreklom iz Srbije, 48 izolata (62%) pripada vrsti D. pinodes, 26 izolata (34%) vrsti A. pisi i 3 izolata (4%) vrsti D. pinodella. Molekularna identifikacija svih 89 izolata sprovedena je na osnovu ITS i TEF1-α sekvenci, kao i na osnovu dužine amplikona IGS1 prajmera. IGS1 prajmeri su omogućili pouzdanu i nedvosmislenu identifikaciju pojedinačnih vrsta D. pinodes, D. pinodella i A. pisi. Navedeni prajmerski par je po prvi put uspešno primenjen na vrsti A. pisi. Sagledavanjem interakcija između različitih uslova gajenja i testiranih izolata Ascochyta spp., uočene su statistički značajne intraspecijske varijacije u pogledu porasta kolonija. Kod ispitivanih izolata D. pinodes, D. pinodella i A. pisi, u zavisnosti od svetlosno-temperaturnog režima i hranljive podloge uočena je velika varijabilnost u boji supstratne i vazdušne micelije. Kod pojedinih izolata vrste D. pinodella registrovano je formiranje belih kristala lepezastog

Published
2018

10. Morfološko - molekularna karakterizacija patogena iz Ascochyta spp. kompleksa

Author

Stojšin, Vera, Maširević, Stevan, Jevtić, Radivoje, Karagić, Đura, Nagl, Nevena, Živanov, Dalibor, Stojšin, Vera, Maširević, Stevan, Jevtić, Radivoje, Karagić, Đura, Nagl, Nevena, and Živanov, Dalibor

Abstract

Poslednjih godina u različitim delovima Srbije zapažena je manja ili veća pojava patogena iz Ascochyta spp. kompleksa, kako na stočnom, tako i na konzumnom grašku. Navedeni kompleks čine tri fitopatogene gljive: Didymella pinodes, Didymella pinodella i Ascochyta pisi. Kompleksno oboljenje prouzrokovano gljivama iz Ascochyta spp. kompleksa se naziva Crna pegavost graška. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se prouče morfološke, molekularne i odgajivačke odlike gljiva D. pinodes, D. pinodella i A. pisi, kao i njihova patogenost i rasprostranjenost na teritoriji Republike Srbije, kao i da se ispita tolerantnost domaćeg sortimenta stočnog graška prema navedenim patogenima. U periodu od 2013. do 2015. godine, utvrđeno je prisustvo Ascochyta spp. na 27 različitih lokaliteta u Srbiji, kao i na po jednom lokalitetu u Bosni i Hercegovini, Turskoj i Francuskoj. Morfološko - molekularnim analizama sakupljenih izolata, prvi put je potvrđeno prisustvo D. pinodes i D. pinodella na teritoriji Srbije, kao i prisustvo A. pisi na teritoriji BiH. Od ukupnog broja izolata poreklom iz Srbije, 48 izolata (62%) pripada vrsti D. pinodes, 26 izolata (34%) vrsti A. pisi i 3 izolata (4%) vrsti D. pinodella. Molekularna identifikacija svih 89 izolata sprovedena je na osnovu ITS i TEF1-α sekvenci, kao i na osnovu dužine amplikona IGS1 prajmera. IGS1 prajmeri su omogućili pouzdanu i nedvosmislenu identifikaciju pojedinačnih vrsta D. pinodes, D. pinodella i A. pisi. Navedeni prajmerski par je po prvi put uspešno primenjen na vrsti A. pisi. Sagledavanjem interakcija između različitih uslova gajenja i testiranih izolata Ascochyta spp., uočene su statistički značajne intraspecijske varijacije u pogledu porasta kolonija. Kod ispitivanih izolata D. pinodes, D. pinodella i A. pisi, u zavisnosti od svetlosno-temperaturnog režima i hranljive podloge uočena je velika varijabilnost u boji supstratne i vazdušne micelije. Kod pojedinih izolata vrste D. pinodella registrovano je formiranje belih kristala lepezastog, The presence of pathogens from the complex Ascochyta spp., either in low or high levels, has been confirmed on both forage pea and field pea in different regions of Serbia in the previous several years. This complex consists of three phytopathogenic fungi: Didymella pinodes, Didymella pinodella and Ascochyta pisi. Ascochyta blight (blackspot) of field pea is a composite disease caused by the fungi belonging to Ascochyta spp. complex. The aim of this dissertation was to study the morphological, molecular and selection characteristics of the fungi D. pinodes, D. pinodella and A. pisi, and their pathogenicity and distribution on the territory of the Republic of Serbia, as well as to test the tolerance of domestic forage pea cultivars to the given pathogens. In the period 2013-2015, the presence of Ascochyta spp. was confirmed on 27 different sites in Serbia, as well as on one site in Bosnia and Herzegovina, one in Turkey, and one in France. Morphological and molecular analyses of the collected isolates confirmed the first appearance of D. pinodes and D. pinodella in Serbia, and A. pisi in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Out of the total number of isolates that originated from Serbia, 48 isolates (62%) belong to the species D. pinodes, 26 isolates (34%) belong to A. pisi and 3 isolates (4%) belong to D. pinodella. Molecular identification of all 89 isolates was based on ITS and TEF1-α sequences and amplicon length of IGS1 primer. IGS1 primers enabled reliable and unambiguous identification of individual species of D. pinodes, D. pinodella and A. pisi. The mentioned primer pair was successfully applied to A. pisi for the first time. The interactions between different growing conditions and the tested isolates of Ascochyta spp. were studied, and statistically significant intraspecies variations in colony growth were found. Depending on the light-temperature regime and growth medium, the tested isolates of D. pinodes, D. pinodella and A. pisi showed high variability in the colour

Published
2018

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