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Background and Aim: Dietary characteristics associated with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in non‐obese patients remain to be elucidated. This study examined the association of NAFLD and MASLD with dietary characteristics according to obesity status. Methods: We performed a cross‐sectional study of 15 135 participants (n = 7568 men and 7567 women) aged 35–74 years using data of annual health checks between 2008 and 2020. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Diagnosis of fatty liver was based on abdominal ultrasonography. Fatty‐liver‐related dietary characteristics were assessed using a self‐administered questionnaire. Results: For non‐obese participants, NAFLD was found in 31.0% of men and 19.4% of women. Non‐obese MASLD was found in 27.6% of men and 18.1% of women. Multivariable‐adjusted stepwise logistic regression analysis indicated that, in males, both non‐obese NAFLD and non‐obese MASLD were significantly and negatively associated with "often eat sesame/nuts", and positively associated with "often eat noodles/rice bowl" and "often eat evening meal" (P < 0.05). For non‐obese women, both NAFLD and MASLD were significantly and positively associated with "often eat sweet buns/bread with fillings" (P < 0.05). Adjusted analyses showed that all dietary characteristics were not significantly associated with the risk of NAFLD/MASLD in obese men and women. Conclusion: This cross‐sectional study indicates the existence of sex and obesity differences in the association of NAFLD and MASLD with dietary characteristics. Our findings suggest that some dietary characteristics are associated with NAFLD and MASLD prevalence in non‐obese Japanese participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background and Aim Dietary characteristics associated with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in non‐obese patients remain to be elucidated. This study examined the association of NAFLD and MASLD with dietary characteristics according to obesity status. Methods We performed a cross‐sectional study of 15 135 participants (n = 7568 men and 7567 women) aged 35–74 years using data of annual health checks between 2008 and 2020. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Diagnosis of fatty liver was based on abdominal ultrasonography. Fatty‐liver‐related dietary characteristics were assessed using a self‐administered questionnaire. Results For non‐obese participants, NAFLD was found in 31.0% of men and 19.4% of women. Non‐obese MASLD was found in 27.6% of men and 18.1% of women. Multivariable‐adjusted stepwise logistic regression analysis indicated that, in males, both non‐obese NAFLD and non‐obese MASLD were significantly and negatively associated with “often eat sesame/nuts”, and positively associated with “often eat noodles/rice bowl” and “often eat evening meal” (P

To develop customized food products for gastric cancer patients, it is crucial to understand their dietary characteristics and changes in their perception of smell and taste due to their condition. This study conducted in-depth interviews and administered olfactory and gustatory tests on 20 patients with gastric cancer. A control group of 20 healthy, gender and age matched individuals, was included for comparison. Patients reported difficulties in sustaining their appetite, particularly during chemotherapy. This could be attributed to gastrointestinal discomfort and an altered perception of smell and taste. The olfactory test revealed that cancer patients were significantly less sensitive than the control group. Also, a smaller number of participants in the cancer group were reported to have a normal taste function, which enabled them to perceive umami, one of the five basic taste compared to those in the control group. These findings demonstrated that gastric cancer patients experience post-surgical digestive issues, chemotherapy-induced changes in smell and taste, and appetite loss. To improve the quality of life of these patients and the efficacy of the treatment, it is necessary to consider not only their nutritional requirements but also other factors such as appetite loss and discomfort when developing meals specifically for them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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To explore the potential quantitative relationship between dietary characteristics and physical health indicators of the long-lived population in Guangxi, the longevous in Guangxi (Fengshan County, Donglan County, Shanglin County, Dahua County, and Cenxi City) and some of their descendants were recruited from 2016 to 2018. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to investigate their diet, routine physical examination indicators and blood sample analysis data of the long-lived population were collected, and the weight of the corresponding indicators obtained was calculated by the entropy weight method. Health composite index (HCI) was further introduced to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of health indicators, and stochastic forest regression algorithm was used to model the relationship between volunteers' food and nutrient intake and HCI, to explore the quantitative relationship between each parameter. The results of the model were evaluated by ‘Accuracy’. The results showed that BMI, hemoglobin, triglyceride and C-reactive protein were significantly different in different age groups. There were significant differences in food component intake and nutrient intake among different age groups (P

Preschool children were highly at risk to be stunted as a result of decreasing chewing hard foods characterized by high dental caries and unhealthy food intake due to the rapid impoverishment of families by the Covid-19 pandemic. Yet, recent few studies present contradictory results. This study aimed to determine dental caries as a risk factor on the stunting occurrence after being controlled by dietary characteristics during the Covid-19 Pandemic. A nested case-control study was conducted from August to September 2021. 62 of 295 children who were registered in the birth cohort born from January 2016 to December 2016, were obtained by purposive sampling and then, divided into two groups, i.e., 31 were in the stunting group and the other 31 normal children were in the case group. High dental caries status is significantly associated with stunting occurrence (COR = 21; 95% CI, 0.80–156.20). High dental caries shows as a significant risk factor on stunting occurrence in multivariable logistic regression test (AOR = 37.50; 95% CI, 6.97 – 201.76). Dental caries is a dominant risk factor that increases the risk of stunting and it is confounded by less protein intake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the difference in total cholesterol blood concentration according to dietary characteristics and health characteristics, as well as general characteristics, and the relationship between that factor and total cholesterol level according to the diagnostic criteria for dyslipidemia, and then compares and analyzes the relative risk ratio of significant factors for the occurrence of dyslipidemia. As a result, the total cholesterol blood concentration increases with age, so continuous management is necessary. Mainly, waist circumference level in early adulthood, regular exercise of appropriate intensity in late adulthood, and subjective health level management in the elderly are necessary. It was found that it was necessary to manage BMI level and eating-out level overall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its initial discovery in 2010 in the Gaoligong Mountains on the Sino-Myanmar border, there remains no direct information on the feeding habits of the black snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus strykeri). This species is on the verge of extinction, with an estimated remaining population of < 400 individuals. Due to difficulties in following these monkeys across steep mountainous terrain, during 203 observation days (September 2015-January 2017) we recorded 80 h of behavioral records of a wild population (Luoma group). Our preliminary results identified 14 plant species and four lichen species consumed by the monkeys. In addition, we provided the only two captive individuals of this species with a cafeteria diet composed of > 600 wild-collected plant species that were gathered from known R. strykeri habitats to determine which plant species and food items were considered palatable. Our results indicate that the captive monkeys freely consumed young and mature leaves, fruits/seeds, buds, flowers, twigs, and bark from 170 different species of trees, bushes, and herbs representing 76 genera and 41 plant families, as well as 15 species of lichen. All foods consumed by the wild monkeys were also consumed by the captive individuals. Food plants consumed by R. strykeri were found principally in intact subtropical evergreen broadleaf forests and hemlock-broadleaf mixed forests at an altitude of 2200-3000 m. Strict enforcement of habitat protection and access to resources across this elevation zone appear to be essential for the conservation and survivorship of this critically endangered primate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dietary and health traits of organic food (OF) consumers have not been comprehensively described. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with OF consumption. Data were collected from 54 283 participants from the NutriNet-Santé cohort using self-administered web-based questionnaires. Occasional organic food consumers and regular organic food consumers (ROFC) were compared with non-organic food consumers (NOFC) using logistical regression providing an OR and 95 % CI. Adherence to the French food-based guidelines and interactions between nutritional knowledge and OF consumption in adherence to dietary guidelines were investigated. Medical history was also assessed in relation to OF consumption. Compared with NOFC, ROFC were more likely to be vegetarian (OR 9·93; 95 % CI 7·42, 13·29 in women; OR 13·07; CI 7·00, 24·41 in men) and were less likely to be aware of nutritional guidelines regarding meat consumption (OR 0·37; CI 0·34, 0·40 in women; OR 0·41; CI 0·36, 0·47 in men). Compared with NOFC, ROFC had a lower risk of type II diabetes, hypertension and CVD; however, this effect was only significant for men. In contrast, organic consumers were more likely to report food allergies. Consuming OF appeared to affect the relationship between nutritional knowledge and adequate intake of meat/poultry/seafood/eggs and starchy food among both sexes. Our study provides new insights into the diet- and health-related behaviours of OF consumers in a large sample of participants residing in France. This should be taken into account in future studies investigating relationships between health and OF consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]