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Background: This study aimed to document the angulation, inclination, and facial anatomical characteristics of teeth in a select South African population to determine if there are any population norms. Digital intra-oral scans were used, to analyze the morphology of teeth and measure the facial clinical crown. Methods: A quantitative observational research design with 60 3D intra-oral scans of a select South African population group was used. Morphometric analysis of 3D intra-oral scans was performed for a select South African population group, measuring the clinical crown height, width, angulation, and inclination of each tooth. Results: Significant differences in crown widths between male and female subjects were observed for several teeth in the maxillary and mandibular arches: males exhibited larger mean widths and larger crown dimensions than females. The South African Black group showed more sexual dimorphism compared to the South African Indian group. Clinical crown length and tooth angulation differed significantly between South African Indian and South African Black populations, while crown width and inclination remained consistent across these population groups and crown inclination between sex groups. Conclusions: Certain teeth exhibited notable variations between South African Indian and South African Black population groups; specifically, crown length and angulation had significant differences, whereas crown inclination and width remained consistent across these population groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: substantiate the design and technological parameters of hydrocyclones-clarifiers by means of a detailed study of the radial velocity in significant sections, namely, at the transition from the cylindrical to the conical part of the apparatus, in the technology of water purification for irrigation. Materials and methods. Modeling and study of the complex process of changing the radial velocity was carried out in two stages. At the first stage, an experiment was carried out on a 170 mm diameter hydrocyclone-clarifier using a numerical method based on the ParaView and OpenFOAM software package, the limit of radial velocity change was established at a given velocity at the inlet to the apparatus, and a database in the form of a matrix was obtained. At the second stage, the obtained array of experimental data describing the velocity change, reflecting the physics of the processes taking place, was subjected to digital analysis to obtain dependencies and extrema of the function. Results. During the experiment and digital analysis it was determined that the extreme minimum value of the radial velocity is observed at the apparatus wall at the point minus 76 at the velocity equal to 13.06 m/s at the hydrocyclone inlet. Under certain conditions, the radial velocity has a zero value; for example, for an apparatus with a diameter of 170 mm in a cross-section of minus 50 mm at the transition from the cylindrical to the conical part, this phenomenon was established at the velocity equal to 18.75 m/s at the hydrocyclone inlet. Conclusions. The data on the change in the radial velocity in the hydrocyclone-clarifier depending on the velocity at the apparatus inlet at each point to the left and to the right of the air cord are summarized. These studies will allow in the future to simulate the optimal design and technological parameters of the hydrocyclone clarifier for the specified natural conditions, which will make it possible to bring the water quality to the requirements acceptable for irrigation.

(1) Background: This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the cephalometric evaluation of facial height ratio (FHR) and growth patterns. (2) Methods: We assessed facial height ratios, the y-axis to SN angle, and growth patterns in 94 participants from Timis County using digital cephalograms. Angle's classification guided the categorization of participants. We digitally traced and analyzed cephalograms using the WebCeph imaging software. We conducted the statistical analysis using Python version 3.11.9. We performed the following statistical tests: Welch's t-test or ANOVA (analysis of variance), Mann–Whitney U test or the Kruskal–Wallis test, χ2 test or Fisher's, and logistic regression. (3) Results: Significant correlations were observed between FHR and craniofacial development, especially in hypodivergent growth patterns. Among the molar classes, the most predominant growth pattern in Class I was normodivergent (61.5%), followed by hypodivergent (33.3%). In Class II, hypodivergent growth was the most common (52%), with a smaller proportion of normodivergent cases (30.8%). Class III was characterized by a mix of growth patterns, with hypodivergent being predominant (14.7%). Across all groups, the y-axis to SN angle remained within normal limits, and a strong negative correlation with Jarabak's ratio was found (r = −0.72, p < 0.001). This shows the importance of using holistic assessment methods in orthodontic practice. (4) Patients from Timis County mostly have a hypodivergent growth pattern across all types of malocclusions. Understanding these patterns is essential for comprehensive orthodontic treatment planning. We need to conduct further research to investigate the implications of these findings on treatment outcomes and patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers a new approach to analysing the medieval vaults of Norwich cathedral cloister, which at first appearance seem to be of a consistent design, yet detailed inspection and analysis reveals this not to be the case. Whilst previous scholars have recognised the presence of inconsistencies, their focus has been on chronology, patronage as well as the iconographic programme of the extraordinary range of sculpted bosses. Our approach is based on accurate digital surveying and analysis methods and comparison with similar data obtained from other sites. This enables us to understand the design of the cloister vaults in plan, including bay proportions and the nuances of the tierceron star arrangement of ribs. We then employ a representation technique termed the 'middle plan' to identify and analyse specific design runs and their breaks in a greater level of detail than previously achieved, including analysis of geometric data to explain different processes that were likely used to create the curvatures of individual ribs. In doing so, we have identified methods not previously described, which reveal the inventiveness of medieval masons faced with a series of complex constructional issues and enabling them to achieve a range of visual effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to offer a systematic review of digital studies that provide new research perspectives on ancient classical theatre. The undeniable progress in the field of computational analysis in the service of traditional textual interpretation is helping to study in greater depth and to interpret in greater detail the classical linguistic corpora that have come down to us through the manuscript tradition. The new model of digital research is integrated not only in the field of information technologies, but also in the field of e-learning, where we can already observe the implementation of a new educational model. Based on the digital processing of data on Greco-Roman theatre, a systematic review is presented, following the methodological principles of the PRISMA statement [ Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2009 (2020)]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The development of digital analysis and its impact on the country’s economic sector underscores the relevance of its study and evaluation. In the context of a rapidly changing economic paradigm, the study of this topic acquires strategic importance, emphasizing the need for an analytical approach to the adaptation and development of business processes in the context of digitalization. The article is devoted to an academic review of the stages of development and the role of digital analysis in the modern economy, the study of key aspects of digital analysis, as well as an assessment of its prospects in the context of the modern corporate environment. The purpose of scientific research is to analyze the evolution of digital technologies, identify factors contributing to the formation of digital analysis, as well as assess the impact of this methodology on business processes, strategic management and overall economic dynamics. In writing the paper, analysis and synthesis methods were used to study the evolution of digital technologies, as well as research methods, such as comparative analysis and expert assessments, to identify factors that contribute to the formation of digital analysis and assess its impact on various aspects of the economy. Scientific research has revealed the key stages of the emergence of digital analysis, revealing its essence and role in the modern digital economy. Significant aspects of the impact of digital analysis on business processes and overall economic dynamics were identified. The findings highlight the importance of digital analysis in today’s corporate environment and its potential to improve business processes and strategic decision-making in a rapidly changing economic environment. Further research in this area may include a deeper analysis of the specific applications of digital analysis and its impact on various sectors of the economy. The scientific novelty of the article lies in a comprehensive study of the stages of development, the essence and role of digital analysis in the modern economy, its impact on business processes, strategic management and general economic dynamics. Previous studies were most often limited to the technical aspects of digital analysis, this article is an in-depth analysis of not only the evolution of digital technologies, but also the factors that contribute to the formation of this methodology

Abstract Fibrosis is an important complication in inflammatory bowel diseases. Previous studies suggest an important role of matrix Gla protein (MGP) and thrombospondin 2 (THBS2) in fibrosis in various organs. Our aim was to analyse their expression together with regulatory miRNAs in submucosal and subserosal fibroblasts in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) using immunohistochemistry and qPCR. Digital pathology was used to compare collagen fibre characteristics of submucosal and subserosal fibrosis. Immunohistochemistry showed expression of MGP, but not THBS2 in submucosa in UC and CD. In the subserosa, there was strong staining for both proteins in CD but not in UC. qPCR showed significant upregulation of THBS2 and MGP genes in CD subserosa compared to the submucosa. Digital pathology analysis revealed higher proportion of larger and thicker fibres that were more tortuous and reticulated in subserosal fibrosis compared to submucosal fibrosis. These results suggest distinct fibroblast populations in fibrostenosing CD, and are further supported by image analysis showing significant differences in the morphology and architecture of collagen fibres in submucosal fibrosis in comparison to subserosal fibrosis. Our study is the first to describe differences in submucosal and subserosal fibroblast populations, contributing to understanding of the pathogenesis of fibrostenosis in CD.

With the rapid development of information technology, human resource file management is gradually moving towards digital transformation. Digital management is an important part of enterprise archives construction. The application of digital technology to gather information and build a complete human resource archive analysis database can effectively promote the informatization level of enterprise archives, improve work efficiency, and provide strong support for enterprise development and decision-making. However, digital transformation also brings a series of challenges, such as network information security, data sharing, and technical standards, which need to be addressed. This paper aims to explore the significance, and point out the existing problems, put forward management optimization measures in enterprise archives management under the background of information technology through literature research, to provide some theoretical and practical references for the digital transformation of enterprise human resources archives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibrosis is an important complication in inflammatory bowel diseases. Previous studies suggest an important role of matrix Gla protein (MGP) and thrombospondin 2 (THBS2) in fibrosis in various organs. Our aim was to analyse their expression together with regulatory miRNAs in submucosal and subserosal fibroblasts in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) using immunohistochemistry and qPCR. Digital pathology was used to compare collagen fibre characteristics of submucosal and subserosal fibrosis. Immunohistochemistry showed expression of MGP, but not THBS2 in submucosa in UC and CD. In the subserosa, there was strong staining for both proteins in CD but not in UC. qPCR showed significant upregulation of THBS2 and MGP genes in CD subserosa compared to the submucosa. Digital pathology analysis revealed higher proportion of larger and thicker fibres that were more tortuous and reticulated in subserosal fibrosis compared to submucosal fibrosis. These results suggest distinct fibroblast populations in fibrostenosing CD, and are further supported by image analysis showing significant differences in the morphology and architecture of collagen fibres in submucosal fibrosis in comparison to subserosal fibrosis. Our study is the first to describe differences in submucosal and subserosal fibroblast populations, contributing to understanding of the pathogenesis of fibrostenosis in CD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the last decade, molecular diagnostics has become increasingly important, especially during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic. Advances in droplet‐based microfluidics, which divides samples into thousands of microdroplets, are responsible for high‐throughput data provision, increased analysis sensitivity, and improved performance to overcome challenges in controlling diseases and early diagnosis. Different targets, such as nucleic acids, proteins, or single cells, can be detected and analyzed in terms of their characteristics in a much more extensive and precise manner with the integration of droplet microfluidics into various molecular diagnostic techniques. In this review, we explore recent advances in the development of droplet microfluidics‐based molecular diagnostic techniques and future perspectives in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to document the angulation, inclination, and facial anatomical characteristics of teeth in a select South African population to determine if there are any population norms. Digital intra-oral scans were used, to analyze the morphology of teeth and measure the facial clinical crown. Methods: A quantitative observational research design with 60 3D intra-oral scans of a select South African population group was used. Morphometric analysis of 3D intra-oral scans was performed for a select South African population group, measuring the clinical crown height, width, angulation, and inclination of each tooth. Results: Significant differences in crown widths between male and female subjects were observed for several teeth in the maxillary and mandibular arches: males exhibited larger mean widths and larger crown dimensions than females. The South African Black group showed more sexual dimorphism compared to the South African Indian group. Clinical crown length and tooth angulation differed significantly between South African Indian and South African Black populations, while crown width and inclination remained consistent across these population groups and crown inclination between sex groups. Conclusions: Certain teeth exhibited notable variations between South African Indian and South African Black population groups; specifically, crown length and angulation had significant differences, whereas crown inclination and width remained consistent across these population groups.

What bran contains valuable molecules having high nutritional value. However, the characteristic dark color and the poor functional properties of this material make its use as an ingredient in foods very limited. Thus, to improve its potential application in the food industry, it is important to modify its color and structure by appropriate treatment. The aim of this study was to bleach wheat bran using hydrogen peroxide and optimize the bleaching conditions. Response surface methodology was employed to determine the optimal concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and wheat bran (WB), as well as the process duration required to achieve the best chromatic profile. The optimized conditions successfully eliminated the brown color of the wheat bran, resulting in a final product characterized by a chromatic profile compatible with commercial wheat flour, exhibiting the following values: L* = 78, a* = -2.6, and b* = 18.8. These results were achieved using a hydrogen peroxide concentration of 20 %, a wheat bran concentration of 10 %, and a contact time of 20 min. Under these bleaching conditions at pH 11, the resulting bran exhibited lower water retention capacity and a significantly increased extractability of dry matter in aqueous media, rising from 20 % for the unbleached bran to 90 % for the bleached bran. Additionally, when mixed with wheat flour, the results indicated a uniform color when combining wheat flour with 10 % bleached bran. In contrast, the unbleached wheat bran showed the presence of two colors on the surface of the mixtures, as revealed by digital analysis.

(1) Background: This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the cephalometric evaluation of facial height ratio (FHR) and growth patterns. (2) Methods: We assessed facial height ratios, the y-axis to SN angle, and growth patterns in 94 participants from Timis County using digital cephalograms. Angle’s classification guided the categorization of participants. We digitally traced and analyzed cephalograms using the WebCeph imaging software. We conducted the statistical analysis using Python version 3.11.9. We performed the following statistical tests: Welch’s t-test or ANOVA (analysis of variance), Mann–Whitney U test or the Kruskal–Wallis test, χ2 test or Fisher’s, and logistic regression. (3) Results: Significant correlations were observed between FHR and craniofacial development, especially in hypodivergent growth patterns. Among the molar classes, the most predominant growth pattern in Class I was normodivergent (61.5%), followed by hypodivergent (33.3%). In Class II, hypodivergent growth was the most common (52%), with a smaller proportion of normodivergent cases (30.8%). Class III was characterized by a mix of growth patterns, with hypodivergent being predominant (14.7%). Across all groups, the y-axis to SN angle remained within normal limits, and a strong negative correlation with Jarabak’s ratio was found (r = −0.72, p < 0.001). This shows the importance of using holistic assessment methods in orthodontic practice. (4) Patients from Timis County mostly have a hypodivergent growth pattern across all types of malocclusions. Understanding these patterns is essential for comprehensive orthodontic treatment planning. We need to conduct further research to investigate the implications of these findings on treatment outcomes and patient care.

Purpose: to study the distribution of pore pressure under an underground dam located in a mountain valley for the atmospheric precipitation accumulation, while analyzing the effect of water levels in headwater and tailwater. At the same time, the factors of influence varied in the range: the water level in headwater from minus 8.2 to minus 1.2; water level in tailwater from minus 7.9 to minus 6.7. Materials and methods. The study of a complex system was carried out in two stages. At the first stage, the pore pressure under the underground dam, responsible for the seepage under it, was calculated using the finite element method based on the Midas GTX NX software package, which has the ability to take into account the complex joint operation of the underground dam and the soil mass. At the second stage, the resulting array of numbers, which reflects the physical processes occuring when the response function, which is taken as the pore pressure under the underground dam, is affected by disturbances, for which the water levels in headwater and tailwater of the dam are taken, was subjected to digital analysis. Results. The range of pore pressure values at the maximum headwater levels is 31.72 % over the entire range of tailwater levels. For the average levels of the headwater, the range of pore pressure values is 32.70 %, and for the minimum levels of the headwater, the range of pore pressure values is 39.41 %, also in the entire range of changes at the tailwater levels. Thus, the lower the headwater level, the greater the impact on the pore pressure of the tailwater level. Conclusions: with a change in the studied range of water levels in headwater or tailwater of the dam, i.e. factors of influence, with a decrease in the values of the impact factors, the degree of their influence on the pore pressure under the underground dam decreases, and with growth – increases, and it occurs almost linear.

Abstract Purpose This retrospective study aims to evaluate the mandibular flexure on a long-span rigid fixed prosthesis supported by natural teeth. Materials and methods Nine patients (five males and four females) were included in this study who had long-span rigid mandibular fixed prostheses for long-term (10–15 years) that have led to radiographic changes around the supporting teeth. The mandibular flexure was measured digitally after adhering reference markers to the prostheses. Intraoral scans were obtained at the minimum and maximum mouth openings before and after splitting the preexisting prostheses. The distances between the markers were measured, and mandibular flexure was calculated. Results This study showed a significant deviation (narrowing) of the mandible before and after splitting the rigid fixed prostheses (P value

New requirements on the microgeometry of machine parts' working surfaces are considered. To calculate the microgeometric characteristics, information regarding the three-dimensional distribution of the microrelief height is required. In other words, textural parameters of the microgeometry are required, rather than profile parameters. In the present work, three-dimensional images of surface microrelief are obtained by simple and accessible methods of deriving information regarding the surface texture— specifically, by means of a profilograph. A profilogram of the precision surface obtained by methods outlined in the corresponding GOST State Standards is used to construct a three-dimensional model of images of the surface microrelief. Then digital values of the signal along the axis of the profilogram are introduced in the computer as a one-dimensional array. The number of elements in this array will determine the size of the image along the X axis (in pixels). This one-dimensional array is regarded as a random iteration of the video signal along the X axis, as if obtained using a video camera. Repetition along the Y axis permits the creation of a three-dimensional model of the surface. However, this image of the 3D surface model does not fully represent the surface microrelief, since each subsequent row of the image completely reproduces its predecessor derived from the initial profilogram. To address this problem, a random component is introduced using a pseudorandom-number generator, so as to add noise to each successive row of the image. The graphs of the video signal for different rows are significantly different. That reflects the texture of the actual microrelief. Thus, the proposed method of image construction yields a 3D model of the surface texture for subsequent optical–electronic analysis of the signals, without the need for complex and expensive equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Intratumoral similarities and differences between large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNECs) and small-cell lung carcinomas (SCLCs) are determined partially by the Notch signaling pathway, which controls the switch from neuroendocrine to slight/non-neuroendocrine cell fate. LCNECs are divided into two subgroups according to genomic alterations: type I LCNECs exhibit a neuroendocrine profile characterized by achaete‐scute homolog 1 (ASCL1)high/delta-like protein 3 (DLL3)high/NOTCHlow and type II LCNECs show the pattern ASCL1low/DLL3low/NOTCHhigh. Here, we used immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, and digital analysis to examine the role of the Notch ligand DLL3 as an immunomarker of the neuroendocrine state and ASCL1 as a regulator of cell-cell interactions in SCLCs and LCNECs. High DLL3 and ASCL1 expression was associated with atypical submicroscopic characteristics involving nuclear size, chromatin arrangement, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum, and was characteristic of type I LCNECs with similarity to SCLCs, whereas low DLL3 and ASCL1 expression was found in both SCLCs and type II LCNECs. In patients diagnosed at an early stage who did not have metastasis and who underwent chemotherapy, DLL3high and ASCL1high SCLCs and type I LCNECs were associated with a better prognosis and a lower risk of death. The present findings suggested that DLL3/ASCL1 are potential therapeutic targets and prognostic indicators in patients with SCLCs or LCNECs.

Purpose: This retrospective study aims to evaluate the mandibular flexure on a long-span rigid fixed prosthesis supported by natural teeth. Materials and methods: Nine patients (five males and four females) were included in this study who had long-span rigid mandibular fixed prostheses for long-term (10–15 years) that have led to radiographic changes around the supporting teeth. The mandibular flexure was measured digitally after adhering reference markers to the prostheses. Intraoral scans were obtained at the minimum and maximum mouth openings before and after splitting the preexisting prostheses. The distances between the markers were measured, and mandibular flexure was calculated. Results: This study showed a significant deviation (narrowing) of the mandible before and after splitting the rigid fixed prostheses (P value < 0.05). Conclusion: Digital analysis of the data collected from the patients in this retrospective study indicated that deviations occur during mandibular flexure. Clinical relevance: Splitting the full arch prosthesis could prevent the negative consequences of mandibular flexure on restorations. Trial registration The study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov with registration number NCT05617274 (15/11/2022) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the possibilities of researching the historical circulation of news using place-date headings, the place of origin and date that was printed with a news paragraph. We demonstrate the possibilities of these headings using a 19th century German-language newspaper from Riga. We propose using digital methods to extract and use them to calculate the speed at which news travelled from different locations, as well as to map the geographical coverage of the newspaper. We also combine our results and perform a case study on the Crimean War. The results of our analysis show that place-date headings can be used effectively to study historical information flows, including cross-lingual ones, with less data and effort than required by other methods.

– This paper analyzes the role of Benford’s law in the detection of earnings management in Poland. Previous research that uses Benford’s law does not split the sample into a fraud and a control group; however, this method is used in logistic regression and data mining analysis.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the tooth size discrepancy in patients with different types of malocclusions and compare it with that in patients with normal occlusion, using the three-dimensional (3D) measurement program Maestro Studio. Methods and Results: Patients of both sexes who were aged between 13 and 16 years and who had never received orthodontic treatment were randomly selected. The participants’ mean age was 14.3±1.1 years; 62.0% of patients were girls. Fifty patients were divided into three groups. Group 1 included 16 patients with malocclusion Class I (controls), Group 2 included 19 patients with malocclusion Class II division 1 (II/1), and Group 3 included 15 patients with malocclusion Class II division 2 (II/2). The tooth measurements were made according to the Bolton analysis. Anterior ratio (AR) and overall ratio (OR) were calculated. There was no significant difference in the AR between the groups. However, we found a significant difference in the OR between the groups (P=0.0129). Patients with Class II/2 malocclusion had a significantly lower OR than patients with Class II/1 malocclusion (P=0.0155). However, there was no significant difference in the OR between Class 1 and Class II/1 or Class II/2 malocclusions. Conclusion: Individuals with different malocclusions show different tooth sizes.

The ways of reducing the error of measurement methods of frequency deviation and expanding the measurement ranges of frequency deviation are considered. The possibilities of reducing the error of the electronic counting frequency meter method using digital signal processing algorithms are investigated. Digital signal processing algorithms are implemented in software developed by the authors on a modern spectrum analyzer. The algorithm for digital signal processing with the spectrum analyzer is described. Using a mathematical model embedded in the calculation algorithm of the developed software, the measurement error of frequency deviation is estimated. The possibility of using the electronic counting frequency meter method with the help of digital signal processing algorithms of the spectrum analyzer has been experimentally investigated. We consider the error sources in the classical method of the electronic counting frequency meter and possible ways of their elimination. Comparisons of the proposed implementation of the electronic counting frequency meter method with the classical method, which is implemented in the State Primary Standard of the unit of frequency deviation GET 166-2020, are carried out. The proposed implementation of the method has expanded the measurement range of frequency deviation towards small values in comparison with the classical method of electronic counting frequency meter. Limitations and prospects of application of the investigated method in reference means of measuring frequency deviation based on analog-to-digital converters are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Laboratory Diagnostics / Diagnostyka Laboratoryjna is the property of Index Copernicus International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, a new digital technique for the analysis of the mechanical aperture and contact area of rock fractures under various normal stresses is proposed. The technique requires point cloud data of the upper and lower fracture surfaces, pressure film image data of the fracture, and normal deformation data of the fracture as input data. Three steps of algorithms were constructed using these input data: (1) a primary matching algorithm that considers the shape of the fracture surfaces; (2) a secondary matching algorithm that uses pressure film images; and (3) a translation algorithm that considers the normal deformation of a fracture. The applicability of the proposed technique was investigated using natural fracture specimens sampled at an underground research facility in Korea. In this process, the technique was validated through a comparison with the empirical equation suggested in a previous study. The proposed technique has the advantage of being able to analyze changes in the mechanical aperture and contact area under various normal stresses without multiple experiments. In addition, the change in the contact area on the fracture surface according to the normal stress can be analyzed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the possibilities of researching the historical circulation of news using place-date headings, the place of origin and date that was printed with a news paragraph. We demonstrate the possibilities of these headings using a 19th century German-language newspaper from Riga. We propose using digital methods to extract and use them to calculate the speed at which news travelled from different locations, as well as to map the geographical coverage of the newspaper. We also combine our results and perform a case study on the Crimean War. The results of our analysis show that place-date headings can be used effectively to study historical information flows, including cross-lingual ones, with less data and effort than required by other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to digitally measure the dimensional changes in an irreversible hydrocolloid impression material (alginate) resulting from varying storage times under optimal storage conditions. Materials and methods: A single type V dental stone control cast was used to make 25 alginate impressions using perforated stock trays. The impressions were randomly assigned into five groups of five samples each (n=5 per group) with varying storage times: Group 1, poured at 15 minutes; Group 2, poured at one hour; Group 3, poured at 24 hours (one day); Group 4, poured at 72 hours (three days); Group 5, poured at 168 hours (seven days). All impressions were stored in sealed Ziploc® plastic bags with a wet paper towel (100% relative humidity) at room temperature and stored according to the assigned group storage times. All impressions were poured in type V dental stone according to the manufacturer's instructions. The casts were scanned with a digital 3D desktop scanner and saved as electronic stereolithography (.stl) files. Each.stl file of the scanned casts were superimposed on the.stl file of the control cast using Geomagic® Control X™ software. Three preselected fixed comparison measuring points (CMP) on each cast were compared to the control cast. Point one (CMP1) was on the midfacial surface of central incisor. Point two (CMP2) and point three (CMP3) were on the mesiobuccal proximal marginal ridge areas of third molars. The discrepancies between the files at each point were analysed with colour maps, and quantified (Table 1). The tolerance was set at ±10μm. CMP scores were analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis (K-W) non-parametric H tests. Results: Average gap distances across groups ranged from 0.04mm (seven-day group) to 0.06mm (one hour and 24-hour groups). Colour maps indicated increased dimensional change with increased storage time up to one day. After three days, shrinkage up to 139μm was measured. ANOVA results for CMP1 (F[4,20] = 1.65, p = 0.020) and CMP3 (F[4,20] = 0.44, p = −0.78) were not statistically significant. Similarly, K-W results for CMP2 were not significant (χ2= 3.62, p = 0.46). Conclusions: Under optimal storage conditions, there were no significant dimensional changes in casts poured from alginate up to seven days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents several scenarios where digital evidence can be collected from mobile devices, their legal value keeping untouched. The paper describes a robust methodology for mobile forensics developed through on-field experiences directly gained by the authors over the last 10 years and many real court cases. The results show that mobile forensics, digital analysis of smartphone Android or iOS can be obtained in two ways: on the one hand, data extraction must follow the best practice of the repeatability procedure; on the other hand, the extraction of the data must follow the best practice of the non-repeatability procedure. The laboratory study of the two methods for extracting digital data from mobile phones, for use as evidence in court trials, has shown that the same evidence can be obtained even when the procedure of unavailability of file mining activities has been adopted. Indeed, thanks to laboratory tests, the existence of multiple files frequently and continuously subjected to changes generated by the presence of several hashes found at forensic extractions conducted in very short moments of time (sometimes not exceeding 15 min) has been proven. If, on the other hand, the examination of a device is entrusted to a judicial police officer in order to conduct a forensic analysis to acquire data produced and managed by the user (such as images, audio, video, documents, SMS, MMS, chat conversations, address book content, etc.) we have sufficient grounds to believe that such examination can be organized according to the system of repeatable technical assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Studies have shown that the Ki-67 index is a valuable biomarker for the diagnosis, and classification of gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs). We re-evaluated the expression of Ki-67 based on the intensity of the stain, basing our hypothesis on the fact that the Ki-67 protein is continuously degraded. Background: The aim was to evaluate whether a new scoring method would be more effective in classifying NETs by reducing staining heterogeneity. Methods: Patients with GEP-NET (n = 87) were analyzed. The classification difference between the two methods was determined. Results: The classification changed significantly when the Ki-67 semiquantal index was used. The percentage of G1 patients increased from 18.4% to 60.9%, while the G2 patients decreased from 66.7% to 29.9% and the G3 patients also decreased from 14.9% to 9.2%. Moreover, it was found that the traditional Ki-67 was not significantly related to the overall survival (OS), whereas the semiquantal Ki-67 was significantly related to the OS. Conclusions: The new quantification was a better predictor of OS and of tumor classification. Therefore, it could be used both as a marker of proliferation and as a tool to map tumor dynamics that can influence the diagnosis and guide the choice of therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: In the last decades, attention to the role of lymphangiogenesis in psoriasis has been paid. Our study was conducted to evaluate podoplanin‐stained lymphatic vessels and the level of lymphangiogenesis in papular psoriatic lesions and psoriatic plaques and ascertain if podoplanin provides any additional prognostic information. Materials and methods: Number of lymphatic vessels and total lymphatic vessel area were morphometrically analyzed in podoplanin‐stained sections, using anti‐D2‐40, together with the immunohistochemical study of epidermal Ki‐67 in psoriasis vulgaris (n = 20) (papules = 7 and plaques = 13) and control skin specimens (n = 20). Results: The number of lymphatic vessels and total lymphatic vessel area were higher in psoriasis cases compared with normal skin (p = 0.01, p = 0.01 respectively). In psoriatic plaques, the number of lymphatic vessels, total lymphatic vessel area, and epidermal Ki‐67 immunoreactivity were higher than in papular lesions (p = 0.002, p = 0.008, and p = 0.01, respectively). Conclusions: Psoriasis vulgaris is found to be a lymphangiogenesis‐dependent disease, and the lymphatic vascular network is in remodeling and expanding process. Podoplanin may be implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and could be used as a prognostic biomarker for disease severity and progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims at displaying the current panorama of the contribution of digital studies to the interpretation of dramatic Works, as well as to point out the main lines of interest and possible areas of Development around this field of study. This systematic review includes 31 peer reviewed original articles, in Spanish and English, published during the last two decades (2001-2020) in journals indexed in Scopus and SCImago. The information is collected through systematic research based on eleven international databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Mendeley-Elsevier, Dialnet, SciELO, Google Scholar, Jstor, ERIC, Zenodo and Humanities Commons. It is concluded that most of the technological research focuses on quantitative data analysis, digital processing of texts and digital critical editions. It is evidenced a shortage of works dedicated to virtual reconstruction of theater spaces in 3D, and propaedeutic sense of the theatrical action in the didactic field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study revisits what is widely considered “the first modern novel” in Romanian literature, Liviu Rebreanu’s Ion, from a network theory perspective. Isolating the dialogue and quantitatively analysing the interventions of every character and their interactions in the fictional world, it provides a blueprint for the exploration of social and personal dynamics between characters. In recent years, rural literature in Romania has undergone a recontextualization process. Following in the footsteps of these approaches, our research provides the first character network of Ion and outlines who talks, how much, and to whom. It also explores how differences in social class influence speaking time or the structure of the individual discourses, taking an in-depth look at the relationship between and roles of the two characters who talk most.

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to indicate that, theoretically and practically, Benford’s Law can be applied in order to detect accounting frauds. Methodology/approach: The paper provides an overview of current regulations and experts’ opinions published in the existing literature and internet sources. Moreover, data analysis was used as a research method. Findings: The results of assessing the conformity of the first two significant digits of distribution of foreign revenues from the sales of finished products to Benford’s Law (using the chi-square goodness of fit test) showed that in the case of a proper accounting process, one cannot reject the hypothesis that the data conform to Benford’s Law. On the other hand, the analysis of intentionally falsified foreign revenues led to the conclusion that in the case of an improper accounting process, data, in general, does not conform to Benford’s Law. Research limitations/implications: In the study, it was assumed that the human mind generates false val-ues of accounting entries, and the number of attempts to commit fraud was limited to 10. Originality/value: The article extends the existing knowledge of using Benfordʼs Law in detecting ac-counting fraud in the Polish literature.

The aim of the study was to perform a comparative data analysis of the values of sagittal condylar path and arrow point angle, obtained through measurements based on facebow records, by applying two methods: manual and digital by using the Mini-Maxi Facebow Analyzer computer program.

Determining the tumor-stroma ratio (TSR) using a conventional microscope is an easy to apply and highly reproducible method. Due to digitalization in the pathology workflow, the demand for automated analysis of the TSR method is rising. However, the process of automation is rather time consuming and needs validation before implementation in daily practice. In addition, international studies ask for exchange of digital images instead of the actual slides. This calls for an alternative digital scoring method. This brief report describes the pitfalls of analyzing the TSR using digital images and proposes essential adaptations to create a standardized and reproducible scoring protocol. By using a circular annotation to mimic the microscopic method, these pitfalls can be avoided. Scoring the TSR digitally using a circular annotation does not take much additional effort compared to the microscopic method. When a fixed size of the annotation is saved, new cases can be scored in less than two minutes. With this brief report we propose an adjusted method for scoring the TSR on digital images to fill the gap between microscopically and automated scoring of the TSR. In addition, it opens the opportunity for application in daily diagnostics.

Background: The extraction of maxillary impacted teeth is a common procedure in oral surgery, frequently complicated by oroantral communications. For less-experienced clinicians, accurately assessing the difficulty and associated risks of maxillary third molar extractions remain a significant challenge., Case Summary: We present a case involving disparate outcomes following bilateral extraction of maxillary third molars. Using cone-beam computed tomography and three-dimensional software, we conducted a digital assessment of the factors contributing to extraction difficulty and risk, controlling for potential confounders. Key variables analyzed included alveolar bone volume, bone quality, crown-root angulation, and maxillary sinus mucosal thickness. Additionally, we introduce the novel concept of "tegmen bone" to quantitatively evaluate the bone mass between the teeth and the maxillary sinus. This unique case, with differing outcomes on opposite sides of the same patient, provided an opportunity to minimize extraneous variables and focus on the local anatomical factors influencing the procedures, thereby improving the precision of our analysis., Conclusion: This case highlights the potential utility of predictive analysis in guiding the management of complex tooth extractions., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest concerning this article., (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

The authors have found that gold nanoparticles (AuNP) function as nanocatalysts for the generation of reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide from dissolved oxygen in coexistence with tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) or N‐[tris(hydroxymethyl) methyl]glycine (Tricine) chemicals, and that these can be evaluated by luminol electrochemi‐luminescence (ECL). In the present study, we investigated the effects of reaction time, particle concentration, and temperature on the catalytic properties of gold nanoparticles. Unlike biocatalysts such as enzymes, the gold nanoparticles showed an Arrhenius plot‐like increase in activity with temperature without inactivation. In addition, the catalytic activity of the gold nanoparticles varied with the size and shape of the nanoparticles for spherical gold nanoparticles of different sizes (5, 15, 30, 50 and 400 nm) and the activity per nanoparticle increased with the size and surface area. When compared activity per surface area, 15 nm nanoparticles showed higher activity. We prepared gold nanoparticles with nanoflower (AuNF) structure of approx.200 nm in size which showed higher activity per particle than 400 nm spherical particles. The increase in surface area and the difference in surface condition may have influenced these results. We also prepared microelectrode arrays capable of holding small amounts of nl‐pL test reagents. They showed the possibility of imaging ECL of the activity of gold nanoparticles at the level of tens of nanoparticles which could lead to nanocatalysts as probes for digital analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Full mouth rehabilitation is re-organizing the occlusion of the remaining teeth and missing teeth considering the functions, esthetics, and neuromuscular harmony. With the loss of multiple teeth, the patient's occlusal plane gradually collapses and the vertical dimension can be reduced. Since reduced vertical dimension can be a potential etiology of the temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscles, prosthetic restoration with increased vertical dimension is required. This case report is about a 68 years old patient with vertical dimension loss due to worn dentition and multiple loss of teeth. In this case, the loss of vertical dimension is assessed carefully using the digital dentistry technology. Using CAD software in digital analysis step, the occlusal plane was established and evaluated using several criteria. Orienting the position of the bone and teeth using CBCT image, patient's condition was visualized in 3 dimension and treatment planning was possible virtually. The information that matches the patient's condylar position with the articulator, which is the virtual face bow, is reproduced on the actual articulator, and evaluated again. After the evaluation, provisional prosthesis was fabricated and it was confirmed that the patient adapts without any abnormality. This was implemented as a final prosthesis. As a result, the patient obtained satisfying results, utilizing the benefits of digital dentistry technology and traditional methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food adulteration presents a significant challenge due to the evasion of legal oversight and the difficulty of identification. Addressing this issue, there is an urgent need for on-site, rapid, visually based small-scale equipment, along with large-scale screening technology, to enable prompt results without providing opportunities for dishonest traders to react. Colorimetric reactions offer advantages in terms of speed, visualization, and miniaturization. However, there is a scarcity of suitable colorimetric reactions for food adulteration detection, and interference from colored food impurities and easily comparable color results affects accuracy. To overcome limitations, this study introduces a novel approach utilizing polydopamine magnetic nanoparticles to enrich DNA in food samples, effectively eliminating interfering components. By employing gold nanoparticles to generate magnetic-gold nanoparticles, a single magnetic bead achieves simultaneous enrichment, impurity removal, and detection. The use of paper-based biosensors and visualization equipment allows for the visualization and digital analysis of results, achieving a low detection limit of 4.59 nmol mL−1. The method also exhibits high accuracy and repeatability, with a RSD ranging from 1.6 % to 4.0 %. This innovative colorimetric method addresses the need for rapid, miniaturized, and large-scale detection, thus providing a solution for food adulteration challenges. [Display omitted] • Magnetic enrichment and colloid gold colorimetric detection were collaboratively designed. • Aptamer was combined with the magnetic-gold-nanocomposite to recognize food adulteration. • Paper-based biosensors and smart devices were jointly applied to develop real-time detection methods. • The proposed method is rapid, sensitive, accurate and specific. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate root development and productivity of ‘Pérola’ pineapple as a function of split N and K fertilization and fertigation management. Four different split nitrogen and potassium fertilizations were evaluated in combination, as well as four different fertigation managements. Root samples were analyzed using the Safira software and surface area, length, root volume per soil volume, root diameter, dry mass, specific surface and specific length were quantified. Average fruit mass and average productivity were also quantified. The different split fertilizations and fertigation management alternatives caused changes in the root system of ‘Pérola’ pineapple. Regarding dry root mass per cm3 of soil, irrigated and fertigated plants split in twenty-seven N applications and four K applications, was 0.106 g.cm3, while irrigated and fertigated plants split in fifty-four N applications and four K applications was 0.523 g.cm3. Regarding productivity and average fruit mass, monthly applications and in four K applications until the ninth month of plant age promote greater increments, while split nitrogen fertilization showed no influence.