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News podcasting has emerged as an active domain of academic research in recent years, and yet several regions like India remain understudied in terms of empirical knowledge about the content of news podcasts. This research article partially fills this gap by introducing a taxonomy of Indian news podcasts. Using the Newman & Gallo framework (2019) for analysis, this study looks at a data set of 6462 English-language news podcast episodes from India and lays out a taxonomic classification. This taxonomic classification illustrates the diversity in frequency, formats, and beats found in English-language news podcasts from India. In line with the global trends, the deep dive formats and interviews are featured prominently on Indian podcasts too. In a seemingly counterintuitive way, though, the Indian legacy news organizations emerge to be far more active in podcasting compared to their digital-only counterparts. The findings are discussed in light of questions of journalistic legitimacy, credibility, organizational branding, and India-specific factors like the tremendous audience diversity. The research attempts a region-specific epistemological engagement with the domain of news podcasting and makes a significant contribution by presenting a tool and a provocation for further research following this inquiry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to know the nature of the effects of digital journalism in shaping the political mental image of Turkish university professors. It also aimed to know the motives and reasons for their follow-up to digital journalism while following political events around the world. To achieve the objective of the study, the researcher relied on descriptive studies, and within its framework, he used the survey method, by applying the method of a public opinion poll with the sample, and distributed the electronic questionnaire to the study sample, which numbered (103) academic professors working in the universities according to the appropriate sample method. The study reached a set of results, the most important of which was that Most Turkish professors use digital journalism to follow current political events (42.7%). The reason for following political events through digital journalism is that it displays political events quickly (29.0%). Concerning the most prominent digital arts that contribute to the formation of the political mental image, Turkish professors pointed out that the technology of "news" (AVT = 4.01) followed by video technology where "video" (AVT = 3.91) is the most prominent digital arts in forming a political mental image. As for the most prominent element that digital journalism contributes to the formation of its image, the answer was "the image of political events" (Ort. 3.99) and the "parliament" (Org = 3.40) was the lesser victory. On the effects side, "cognitive effects" came first with an average (mean = 2.42), and the item with the highest average cognitive effects "gave me detailed information about the candidates" (AVT = 2.65). The least at all was to "give me different information about MPs" (mean = 1.96). The highest average emotional impact, according to Turkish academics involved in the study, was "saturate my cognitive curiosity about political issues and events" (AVT = 2.11). The statement with the highest average behavioral influences was "It enabled me to follow the speeches and reactions of heads of state in all activities and areas" (AVT = 2.40). Finally, a low positive correlation (0.307**) was found between the effects of the general political mental image and the image of the electoral candidate (p < 0.05), in addition to a low positive correlation between the digital journalism arts and the elements of the general political mental image, where the value of (p < 0.05) was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Newsworkers have utilised the game format to create innovative storytelling through newsgames, a hybrid form of journalism. Newsgames blend journalism's pursuit of truth with the fictional elements of video games, creating a tension between "fact" and "fiction". Existing literature lacks sufficient exploration of how this tension is managed in the production and consumption of newsgames. This study addresses this gap by examining how newsgame practitioners navigate truth claims and how players engage with these claims. Through semi-structured interviews with practitioners (n = 27) and gaming sessions with players (n = 28), the study reveals that practitioners take deliberate steps to justify newsgames, while players employ various strategies to evaluate their truth claims. These findings underscore the performative dimension of truth negotiation in newsgames, positioning audiences as active participants at the heart of this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the motivations for the hostility towards the press by the audience and how to control online harassment of journalists in Nigeria. Data for this study are from online and face-to-face semi-structured interviews of 54 Nigerians in Nigeria. Finding shows that perceived journalistic malpractice and unethical behaviour motivate Nigerians to engage in online harassment of journalists in Nigeria. The study also uncovers what the audience in Nigeria offer as preventive measures to online harassment of journalists. These include (i) improved transparency, (ii) improved ethical conduct by journalists, and (iii) procedural and prosecutorial measures (e.g. implementation of a robust professional code of conduct and enacting safety laws for journalists) as ways of eradicating online harassment of journalists in Nigeria. Suggestions for future research areas were delineated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

George Floyd's fatal police encounter sparked the largest social justice movement in American history. Black press journalists in the United States found themselves documenting and coping with Black trauma as they performed their duties in pandemic-mandated isolation. Through semi-structured interviews with digital Black press journalists, this study, which was conducted between 2020 and 2021, explores the reporting and personal strategies these journalists deployed during tumultuous times. We found they (1) provided humanizing and ongoing social justice coverage; (2) relied on Black experts, activists, and their readers as sources; (3) created social media content that appealed to Black and non-Black audiences; and (4) cared for each other and readers to build intracultural support. Our findings illuminate how the digital Black press practiced "movement journalism," an approach that centers oppressed people and counters protest paradigm-style coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study examines Chinese journalists' use of video blogs (vlog) for news reporting during the COVID-19 pandemic. Situated within the "visual turn" of storytelling in the digital era, the vlog has risen in popularity as an audiovisual format on social media and video-sharing platforms, attracting followers' attention through its attributes of apparent authenticity and intimacy. Journalists have also been riding the wave by employing the amateur-style vlog for professional purposes. Based on a case study of 224 journalists' vlogs about the Wuhan lockdown, we found that the j-vlog, as a hybrid form of professional-amateur reporting, affords an alternative space for journalists to perform journalistic transparency through self-disclosure of their life and work routines, increasing intimacy and engagement with audiences. This study contributes to current research in innovative practices of digital journalism and expands existing debates on journalistic transparency by delineating its nuances in different digital news formats and national contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how the Brazilian media covered false and misleading claims made by President Jair Bolsonaro in the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic. To do so, we extracted titles from 111 news articles connected to twenty-one disinformation episodes. The texts were published by six news organizations, and we classified them into three categories using content analysis: contextualization, correction, and reproduction. Among our findings, we have discovered that 60.36% of the content reproduced the president's discourse without acknowledging it was a lie or an error, while 26.13% presented elements of contextualization. Only 13.51% of titles corrected Bolsonaro's false or misleading claims. The results indicate that legacy and digital-native news organizations mostly failed to correct the Brazilian president's errors and lies, evoking questions about ethics and transparency. Consequentially, journalism may increase the noise in an already polluted and high-choice online media environment if such issues are left unaddressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Research & Media Studies is the property of International Higher Institute of Media and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article examines the contemporary challenges of international journalism in the context of armed conflicts, particularly the war in Ukraine. It focuses on the risks to journalists' safety, issues of censorship and information manipulation, as well as the impact of new technologies on the timeliness and accuracy of news. The study expands existing knowledge about international journalism by proposing a new model for analyzing the interaction of political, social, and technological factors in conflict situations. Using a comprehensive case study methodology and bibliometric research, the article explores practical aspects of information exchange, including the creation of secure communication channels, adherence to ethical standards, and fact-checking. Content analysis of media messages and surveys of journalists working in conflict zones are employed in the research. The study reveals that the war in Ukraine has led to a significant decline in international cooperation due to difficulties in ensuring the credibility of information, an increase in censorship and manipulation. Particularly pressing are the issues of journalists' safety, restrictions on access to critical information sources, and challenges in maintaining media independence. Additionally, the article highlights that armed conflicts pose numerous threats to journalists, such as risks of physical attacks, detention, and even life-threatening situations. In combat conditions, journalists often face restricted access to important information, complicating their work and impacting the quality of event coverage. These conditions necessitate new approaches to protecting journalists at both individual and institutional levels, as well as improving international safety standards and support. The findings indicate the need to develop new strategies for protecting journalists, ensuring the accuracy of information, and strengthening international media cooperation. These conclusions have broad implications for understanding modem information wars and forming effective mechanisms to counter disinformation. The article makes a significant contribution to the advancement of journalism and may be useful for journalists, scholars, policymakers, and anyone interested in safeguarding freedom of speech and developing a democratic society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research takes a socio-technical approach and uses participant observation and in-depth interviews to explain how two major TV news organizations from Colombia utilize social media to distribute video and engage TV audiences in online settings. Findings show that social media, particularly Facebook, are changing how television channels think of videos and their perceptions of audience engagement at the organizational level. Social media not only play a dominant role for distributing video but they influence with their recommendations and metrics TV decisions regarding content production. Finally, this research discusses the implication of these findings for the future of TV journalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many innovative forms of media entered the online mediascape and can potentially set public agendas. This study drew on peer-produced news content on Wikipedia and theorized its unprecedented agenda building power within a network of diverse media sources. Adopting the network agenda-setting model, this study collected comprehensive global news coverage and Wikipedia coverage of top US political news events from 2015 to 2020. Time series analysis found that none of the media types (Wikipedia, elite media, and non-elite media) exhibited dominant agenda-setting power, while each of them can lead the agenda in certain circumstances. Wikipedia was a critical agenda setter for other media entities, and it also reflected the public's collective evaluation of existing news agendas from multiple sources. This article proposed a multi-agent and multidirectional network architecture to describe agenda-setting relationships. We also highlighted four unique characteristics of Wikipedia that matter for digital journalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Research Concentrateon The Services Provided By The News Websites of The Iraqi Media Network to audience of Internet users, in Addition to The Materials Published Through Pages, Trying to Monitor, Analyze And Interpret them to Identify their Types, Characteristics, Nature, Levels, And The Job They Meeting, Whether, They are Media or Non-Media For The User., as well as Its Classification To Know The Technical Potential Enjoyed by Each of The News Sites In question, In light of The Entry of The Latest Technological Technologies into The Field of Media Communication. The Researchers Used thecontent analysis Tool as A Research tool to analyzethe News Sites and Know Services they Provide Through their Pages. Web Services the Third and Final Axis Included a presentation And Interpretation of the Results of theanalysis using Statistical Methods. at The Conclusion of The Research, The Researcher Reached aset of Conclusions, Most notably: News Sites achieved, and In Close Proportions, a Comprehensive Presentation. However, The Analysis Process showed The Superiority of the Huffington Post Arabic Website (a News Aggregation Site Established by Ariana Huffington with Kenneth Leeredand the American Endoroprineart In 2005) Over the Two Iraqi Media Network Websitesand Arabic. net (A News Website Linked to Al-Arabiya Channel Affiliated with The Middle East TV MBC Presents Various Political And Various News) Regarding the Provision of The Press Archive Service for The Published Materials, but This does not Mean the Demise of The Materials Published on The two Sites, but Rather it is available whenever The user wants to access it through using search engines. In the Conclusion of The Research, The Researchers Concluded That News Websites are Interested In The Services They Provide to The Public, And Keen areto Continuously Develop And Update Them In Line With The Requirements of Technological Development, and To Meet The Needs of users, to Achieve A High Degree Of Interaction And Integration between The Published Content and The Reader, to obtain a Similar Use Experience. High Efficiency within the News Site, which Reads or Watches Media Materials of Various Types and Forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modelling customer loyalty has been a central issue in customer relationship management, particularly in digital subscription business models. To guarantee news media sustainability, publishers implemented subscription models that need to define successful retention strategies. Thus, churn management has become pivotal in the media subscription business. The present study aims to understand what drives subscribers to churn by performing a Machine Learning approach to model the propensity to churn of online subscribers of a Portuguese newspaper. Two models were developed, tested, and evaluated in two timeframes. The first one considered all Business to Consumer (B2C) subscriptions, and the second only the B2C non-recurring subscriptions. The experimental results revealed important patterns of churners, which allowed the marketing and editorial teams to implement churn prevention and retention measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This special issue marks a growing complexity and complicatedness in research on the business of digital journalism. This shift is appropriate and reflects a necessary deepening and increased rigor by scholars as the number of interconnected parts of digital media systems has grown, while the addition of platforms has made the business of journalism more opaque and challenging to negotiate. The scholars of the issue's eight articles ably take on these conditions from a range of research questions, conceptual approaches methodologies, and geographic vantage points (Brazil, Europe and the United States). They add original approaches to understanding a professional field reorienting from the early business of digital journalism research focused on making online pay to conditions that remain about survival but within a more nuanced set of institutional, competitive and economic contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This exploratory article maps the development of the reader revenue market, and its aim is twofold: first, to examine how the digital reader revenue market was structured in 2010–2020; second, to investigate how the market was configured during 2020–2021. The article argues that in the past decade, large news publishers were rewarded for the attention they received from their readers in form of digital subscriptions. Their ability to monetize their audience attention gave them a dominant position in the reader revenue marketplace. In 2020–21, Google's and Facebook's payments to news publishers started to further strengthen dominant companies as they were reaping the monetary benefits of them. Platform payments raise a concern because news publishers revenue models may become even more ingrained in the platform ecosystem. Additionally, local news outlets are largely excluded from the large platform payments, potentially weakening their financial position in the reader revenue marketplace. However, platform payments are temporary in their nature, and long-term impacts on the market structure are hard to predict. The analysis here is based on data retrieved from three platform companies and 14 newspaper groups operating in 9 Western markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As news organizations increasingly adopt AI-driven technologies like news recommender systems (NRS), notions of responsible artificial intelligence (AI) design have attracted significant scholarly and public attention. Particularly, transparency and user control are crucial for the fulfilment of democratic freedoms and human rights. However, users' desire for such features in NRS has not yet been sufficiently examined. Therefore, this study set out to comparatively examine how individual-level characteristics contribute to the desirability of transparency and user control in NRS across five nations (Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States; N = 5079). We show that the desire for features of responsible NRS is shaped by individual-level characteristics like NRS-related concerns and algorithmic awareness but does not always manifest equally across different national settings. By considering the audience's view on features of responsible NRS, our study can be a stepping stone towards responsible journalistic AI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The benefits of analytics on news media organisations' revenues and traffic have been well documented, yet their consequences for news production and content remain double edged. To date, most empirical studies on their use and influence have focused on newsrooms in developed countries, with less attention paid to their impact on journalism practice in emerging and transitional media systems, which are often characterised by relationalism, informal economies, extensive state-owned enterprises and relatively low internet penetration rates. Building on interviews with twenty journalists, this study examines how journalists in transitional Egypt adapt to web analytics and how they perceive the influence of audience metrics on their journalistic practice. Based on their testimony, we identify four ways that metrics are changing journalistic practices and news content that relate to their role as agenda-setters, as newsroom change agent, as facilitators of institutional capture, and as drivers of tabloidisation. Each of these have power implications that are discussed in relation to ongoing debates in the field of digital journalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Datafication is embedded in cultural, economic, and political power structures which reinforce social inequities. Instead of simply providing news professionals with insights on user behavior, datafication may facilitate maldistribution, misrecognition and misrepresentation. Applying justice theory on audience data practices based on n = 31 interviews with news professionals working for global and national news organizations (including BBC World, The Guardian, Al-Jazeera English, and The New York Times), this study examines their experiences and perceptions of how audience data practices mitigate and/or reinforce inequity in journalism. Findings show that maldistribution, misrecognition, and misrepresentation are manifest in journalistic audience data practices, as inequities are reinforced when data is transformed into economic capital. At the same time, news professionals who possess cultural and economic resources can both mitigate inequity and use data for greater recognition and representation. The article thus contributes to the literature by (1) conceptualizing audience data as a cultural, economic and political good, (2) connecting data practices to both the reproduction and mitigation of social inequity, and finally, (3) examining these processes on a global scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This mini-review examines the digital transformation in journalism over the past decade (2014–2024), focusing on adopting AI technologies, changing business models, and evolving professional practices. Through an analysis of recent literature, we identify three main streams of research: technology integration in newsrooms, shifting content consumption patterns, and business model innovation. Findings show that AI has changed how news is produced and distributed but poses significant ethical and professional challenges. Current research gaps include a limited understanding of the long-term impact of AI on journalistic practice, insufficient cross-cultural studies of digital adoption patterns, and early explorations of the effectiveness of immersive journalism. This review suggests future research directions in the ethics of automated journalism, sustainable digital business models, and cross-platform content optimization strategies.

This study aimed to know the nature of the effects of digital journalism in shaping the political mental image of Turkish university professors. It also aimed to know the motives and reasons for their follow-up to digital journalism while following political events around the world. To achieve the objective of the study, the researcher relied on descriptive studies, and within its framework, he used the survey method, by applying the method of a public opinion poll with the sample, and distributed the electronic questionnaire to the study sample, which numbered (103) academic professors working in the universities according to the appropriate sample method. The study reached a set of results, the most important of which was that Most Turkish professors use digital journalism to follow current political events (42.7%). The reason for following political events through digital journalism is that it displays political events quickly (29.0%). Concerning the most prominent digital arts that contribute to the formation of the political mental image, Turkish professors pointed out that the technology of “news” (AVT = 4.01) followed by video technology where “video” (AVT = 3.91) is the most prominent digital arts in forming a political mental image. As for the most prominent element that digital journalism contributes to the formation of its image, the answer was “the image of political events” (Ort. 3.99) and the “parliament” (Org = 3.40) was the lesser victory. On the effects side, “cognitive effects” came first with an average (mean = 2.42), and the item with the highest average cognitive effects “gave me detailed information about the candidates” (AVT = 2.65). The least at all was to “give me different information about MPs” (mean = 1.96). The highest average emotional impact, according to Turkish academics involved in the study, was “saturate my cognitive curiosity about political issues and events” (AVT = 2.11). The statement with the highest average behavioral influences was “It enabled me to follow the speeches and reactions of heads of state in all activities and areas” (AVT = 2.40). Finally, a low positive correlation (0.307**) was found between the effects of the general political mental image and the image of the electoral candidate (p

The landscape of journalism is rapidly evolving, with bundled subscription offerings from the New York Times, Apple and Schibsted becoming increasingly important. These offerings allow consumers to access a wide variety of content in multiple formats, representing a significant shift in how news and information are consumed. However, the impact of these offerings on publishers’ revenues remains underexplored in journalism and media research. The results suggest that bundled offers generate higher revenues for publishers than individual offers. This supports the introduction of internal “all-access” bundles within the European journalism sector, as well as external collaborations between unaffiliated publishers. However, the relatively small differences in revenues suggest that there is limited strong evidence to support the adoption of a centralized, cross-publisher “Spotify for News” model.

This paper challenges conventional narratives about the future of digital journalism. It argues that digital journalism is not a globally uniform practice with a predictable universal future. Instead, it has many possibility-futures owing to the cultural diversity of the news outlets that engage it and the contexts in which it is engaged. To develop that argument, the paper locates digital journalism as the latest waypoint in humankind’s long quest to send messages ever farther and ever faster. Next, digital journalism is decentered through interdisciplinary theory into a novel framework for forecasting the futures of digital journalism as a diverse global phenomenon.

Studies on journalistic work and production on social media typically focus on large media outlets in developed countries. In this article, we shift the lens to a peripheral area of a peripheral country: Argentine Patagonia. Our objective was to analyse journalistic production on Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter in the eight most-followed local and regional news media outlets. We analysed the narratives, the extent to which they apply transmedia journalism, and how they have evolved compared to studies from 2021. We also conducted structured interviews with social media managers to gain insight into their professional practices. We conclude that, 15 years since the creation of the first profiles, promoting website content remains the primary goal of North Patagonian media networks. Since 2021, there have been more frequent updates but less native production, especially on Facebook and Twitter. Despite the shortage of staff and precarious working conditions, some news media outlets have been able to innovate on Instagram, introducing a variety of multimedia formats, a more conversational tone, diverse update rhythms, adapted content, and even specific content that is organised into sections. Information production for the platforms has been integrated into journalistic routines even when public interaction with the audience remains very limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to identify contemporary challenges in researching digital journalism images and propose potential outcomes for addressing these challenges. We argue that the analysis of contemporary journalistic photography requires a departure from traditional approaches used for analog images. Instead, it should be viewed within the ever-changing digital ecosystem in which digital journalism circulates and the new forms of creating, sharing, and visualizing its content that arise from platform context and mobile consumption. We have divided these challenges into two categories: the first relates to topics associated with the studied object, and the second pertains to the research process itself. On the one hand, changes in the nature of the photographic medium, its transmission and profusion potentials, shifts in journalistic workflow and labor relations, evolving professional multimedia needs, audience participation, and new forms of consumption are some of the aspects that need to be considered. On the other hand, we also must deal with the ephemeral quality of digital objects and recognize that researching digital objects is inherently intertwined with understanding the digital ecosystem in which these objects exist. Finally, we identify the digital methods-oriented approach as a potential path to addressing these challenges, mainly because of its characteristics of following and adapting to the medium's logic [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The selective power of digital audiences, fragmented and multiplatform, produces a discrepancy between what the media offer as most relevant in their agenda and what the public prefers to consume or share. A ‘news coverage gap’ that is analysed in this paper applied to the case of the Ukrainian war in the international press. For this purpose, the news highlighted on the frong page, the most read by the web audience and the most shared by Twitter/X users of the digital editions of El País (Spain), Público (Portugal), The Guardian (UK) and The New York Times (US) is collected for four weeks of 2022. The initial sample (N=1680) forms a final useful sample (N=259) on the Russian-Ukrainian conflict to which a content analysis is applied around four categories: journalistic narrative, multimedia, interactivity and tabloidization treatment. The main results show that three of the four media dedicate less than 25% of their front page to the Ukrainian war. A breaking news coverage, augmented by ‘hook’ headlines, which decreases as time goes by and which barely finds interest in the audience, with consumption and dissemination rates between 10% and 3%. This disparity between the most relevant journalistic selection and the preferences of the public reflects an audience that disregards the criteria of journalistic relevance and media that fail to capture their interest or attention regarding the coverage of the conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The landscape of journalism is rapidly evolving, with bundled subscription offerings from the New York Times, Apple and Schibsted becoming increasingly important. These offerings allow consumers to access a wide variety of content in multiple formats, representing a significant shift in how news and information are consumed. However, the impact of these offerings on publishers' revenues remains underexplored in journalism and media research. The results suggest that bundled offers generate higher revenues for publishers than individual offers. This supports the introduction of internal "all-access" bundles within the European journalism sector, as well as external collaborations between unaffiliated publishers. However, the relatively small differences in revenues suggest that there is limited strong evidence to support the adoption of a centralized, cross-publisher "Spotify for News" model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Daily news podcasts continue to grow as a source of news and information for media consumers as more are seeking to consume news on digital platforms. However, studies on news podcasting are still a new area of research. This study expands a preliminary study to a broader, more national U.S. audience. The current research used an online survey to gather data and provides a broader demographic sample size with various participants across the United States. In addition, this study used the uses and gratifications approach to provide a more thorough analysis of why U.S. listeners choose to listen to daily news podcasts and what gratifications consumers receive. This study also provides new data on whether listeners consume a variety of news podcasts with differing political viewpoints and which medium podcast listeners consider the most trustworthy for news. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For journalists, numerous digital tools such as spreadsheets or web application are readily available for easy implementation. However, using programming to build or modify scripts has been an unexplored option for many journalists. Programming requires skills from the ICT professions, so when journalists find coding to be an efficient tool, do they stick with their old methods and ask ICT specialists for help, or do they learn to code themselves? This article is a qualitative study of the methodological reports pertaining to investigative projects nominated for the Norwegian journalism award SKUP. In these reports, programming has been used as a tool in 109 projects. The study examines which problems are solved using coding and the arguments for choosing this tool over simpler methods. It also looks at who performs the coding and how the editorial teams collaborate to reap the benefits of coding. The findings show that many journalists often find it difficult to collaborate with ICT specialists. They would therefore rather learn basic coding skills themselves. They follow a "do-it-yourself" philosophy and learn simple and open programming languages such as SQL, Python just well enough to achieve their goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The competition to attract audiences has led to an increase in sensational or misleading headlines and content, with the aim of garnering user clicks in the news media. This dynamic alters the journalistic manner in which news is presented, and it does so by reducing informative quality and eroding the trust of the audience. This study examines the proliferation of clickbait strategies on the front pages of reputable international 'serious' press and how it manifests in readers' consumption and sharing habits. We carried out a comparative content analysis of digital news articles from four international media sources (N = 1680): The Guardian (UK), The New York Times (USA), El País (Spain) and Público (Portugal). Our results confirm the existence of clickbait (N = 516) on the front pages, the most read content and the articles most shared on social media. Most clickbait titles resort to headline strategies of containing incomplete information that affect both hard and soft news topics. This particular finding highlights the inclusion of clickbait in the agenda of 'serious' journalism, despite the negative implications on information quality and trust. Associated with irrelevant content, this 'hook' captures the attention of the online audience more than the social media audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital journalism is facing a growing number of challenges as the wave of digital transformation enters a new phase. The changes, both slow and sudden, are making it increasingly necessary for there to be a shift amid the transition. The surge of artificial intelligence (AI) in the journalistic world has ushered in what appears to be a new phase for digitalisation and journalism's role as a producer of factual information and knowledge in society. Current debates suggest that we are at a critical time to reinvent journalism for the new wave of digital transformation. In this stage, which recently began and which some are calling the Fourth Industrial Revolution, both professionals and academics point to the need to make journalism more resilient, so it can adapt to the changes without losing its basic essence, and more people-centred, helping to support individuals in the age of AI. This article analyses the challenges from the perspectives of both academics and professional journalists, based on their codes of ethics. The methodology used is a content analysis of 45 European ethical codes and the Delphi method, involving experts from the journalistic sector and academia. The results highlight that codes of ethics have not kept pace with these professionally and expert-led debates, as few mention new technologies such as artificial intelligence and they tend to focus more on disinformation and social engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigates user perceptions of news media's employment of news recommender systems (NRS) and their relation to trust in media outlets. A cross-sectional survey (n = 5079) in the United Kingdom, United States, Poland, the Netherlands, and Switzerland shows that higher algorithmic knowledge, users' perceived skills, and news aggregator use correspond to increased perceptions that news media use NRS. Moreover, higher perceived NRS use of specific news outlets is associated with lower trust in those outlets but perceived benefits and concerns related to NRS moderate this relationship. Our findings highlight the need for media organizations to ensure a responsible and transparent use of such systems, highlight benefits for users, and address concerns to avoid misperceptions of their NRS use and maintain user trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within journalism literature, the relationship between journalists and their haters, the audiences who threaten journalistic authority, has been portrayed as antagonistic. However, fan studies scholarship suggests that anti-fans can be just as engaged, committed, and beneficial as fans. In fact, they contribute to solidifying the celebrity's fame and status. Borrowing insight from anti-fandom literature that suggests the symbiotic relationship between haters and the celebrity, this study sheds new light on viewing the relationship between journalists and haters. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 40 South Korean journalists who have experienced harassment and hateful expressions from the audience, this study investigates that journalists capitalize on anti-journalist hate in several ways: they use anti-journalist hate as indications of their journalistic performance, which allows them to gain respect from their peers and establish reputation. This newly acquired symbolic capital, in turn, leads journalists to make better social connections with their informants and accrue social capital. This study concludes with the implications of digital hate becoming a capital within the journalism field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amid increasing threats and assaults against journalists across the globe, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province in northwest Pakistan remains one of the most dangerous places in the world for journalists. Whereas online harassment is increasingly affecting journalists, experiences of online harassment of KP journalists have not been previously examined. This study explored the experiences of online harassment of regional KP journalists, the psychological ramifications of their exposure, and the association between online harassment and their ability to effectively perform their jobs in digital news environments. Of the recruited 299 journalists, nearly two-thirds reported experiencing online harassment. The experiences were generally infrequent, and were associated with depression, anxiety, stress, and occupational dysfunction. This study underscores the importance of understanding online harassment of journalists in conflicts zones, and how it may impact their ability to perform their professional duties, and proposes possible solutions and directions for future research and interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues the benefits of approaching the ongoing contentions and power dynamics in journalism as a strategic action field (JSAF). This meso-level, actor-centered analytical framework offers insights into how contestations in journalism are decided by the social skills of key stakeholders. JSAF distinguishes between three types of social actors (incumbents, governance units, and challengers), enables comprehension of their position and power, and explains why some actors succeed and others do not in different political and cultural contexts. It expands the traditional focus of incumbents in journalism studies by underlining the social skills of often-neglected back players in journalism (e.g., governance units such as associations, centers, and professional networks) and by foregrounding the social skills of challengers. This enables us to study challengers as strategic actors, investigating their motives, ambitions, interactions, and communicative skills to mobilize support and alliances to improve insights into who and what is contesting journalism today. The need for a JSAF approach comes from the increased contentions and conflicts between professional journalism and various peripheral actors, exemplified by the power dynamics between professional actors and alternative media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay complicates interpretations of digital architectures in online journalism production in terms of journalistic interlopers and intralopers during an age of increased influence of technologists on online news development. While much normative scholarship revolves around social media, metrics, algorithms, artificial intelligence, VR, and other forms of digital innovation applied to journalism, the essay argues that such work must not focus merely on the actions of today's tech-savvy journalism but should interrogate social and cultural relationships at the center of journalistic production so not to as become distracted away from the embedded practices of ideological incorporation that shapes media messages and reproduces inequalities through what and how journalism covers. In the future, as we approach a notion of the Metaverse, scholars must interrogate the long-standing embedding of elite ideologies into the news as journalists collaborate with technologists (or as journalists become technologists), interact (and re-interact) with elite ideologies at accelerating rates in networked societies, and move into new digital realms we have not yet imagined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media platforms (SMP) are increasingly important for news organizations to reach (wider) audiences. The accompanying platformization of journalism has raised concerns that the adaptation to social media characteristics leads to trivialization and softening of news. Often triggered by these normative considerations, journalistic content production for social media has attracted much scholarly attention. To date, however, these studies lack synthesis. To fill this research gap, this paper reports on a systematic literature review (SLR) of 156 publications to summarize and discuss current knowledge about how news organizations select, edit, and coordinate content for SMP. The results show that content is not generally softened on SMP such as Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram. Rather, news organizations develop strategies to balance their professional standards with social media characteristics. Differences appear, among others, in organizational traits such as revenue model and between SMP. Building on these results, the study concludes with paths to develop future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The artificial intelligence (AI) tools in editorial departments have become common practice within news organisations, which poses challenges for digital journalism. It treads new terrain for both media professionals and their audiences, and it is safe to assume there is no going back to the way things were. These advances in the field require new frameworks and codes of ethics that include ethical principles to mitigate the use of AI in journalism. The fast incorporation of AI into media production processes is marked by a tendency towards the loss of citizens’ trust in the information that media offers, political polarization, and the increasing impact of misinformation. This article analyses the perception of communication professionals in this new scene through the analysis of 99 codes of ethics and 14 international press associations. In addition, audience perception is addressed through a survey taken by nearly 2,000 people. The results indicate that both the public and journalists are worried about misinformation that AI might cause and the potential erosion of trust between journalist and the public . Overwhelmingly, people are advocating for external regulation of its use to preserve the values, the ethical principles, and good practices of journalistic work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the news framing of the Russia-Ukraine war in global news media outlets. Using the framing theory, a literature review of prominent news frames covering wars and conflicts was drawn. Two hypotheses were set for the major news frames more than others and the relationship between the emphasis on the frames and news organizations' national interests. Based on predicted framing themes, news frames were obtained from topic modeling with 48,364 news stories. An analysis with a verification sample was implemented to compare the topics with news publishers' national interests. Five news frames from topic modeling were found: humanism, politics, peace, war, and the economy. In the coverage of the news about the war by global news organizations, the humanism and peace frames were related to Ukraine, whereas the war frame was associated with Russia. The relationship between national interests and pronounced news frames found that European news emphasized humanism more than other regions. The national interest of news outlets was reflected in the news of the war. Study implications and suggestions in terms of news framing and national interests were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study explores the role of Google News as a news aggregator and its impact on shaping media diets during the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Considering platforms not only as technological agents but as socio-technical and political-cultural entities embedded in global, national, and local contexts, the study compares media diets aggregated by Google News in Georgia, Italy, Poland, Serbia, and Turkey. Through comparative analysis, the study investigates Google News's editorial agency and the potential accessibility inequalities among countries. The analysis reveals divergent patterns of source nationalization and concentration, highlighting Google's influence in shaping diverse media diets, with different shades of national-centric news and sources' variety from both a glocal and pluralistic perspective. The findings emphasize Google News's dual strategic role as a socio-technical, cultural, and political actor, simultaneously maintaining a 'minimum' Western hegemony in non-Western contexts, reflecting and potentially reinforcing national and geopolitical asymmetries of power within Western journalistic ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper challenges conventional narratives about the future of digital journalism. It argues that digital journalism is not a globally uniform practice with a predictable universal future. Instead, it has many possibility-futures owing to the cultural diversity of the news outlets that engage it and the contexts in which it is engaged. To develop that argument, the paper locates digital journalism as the latest waypoint in humankind's long quest to send messages ever farther and ever faster. Next, digital journalism is decentered through interdisciplinary theory into a novel framework for forecasting the futures of digital journalism as a diverse global phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]