Search

Introduction. Caustic ingestion is a public health problem worldwide, due to a high burden of morbidity, mortality and costs. Therefore, it is essential to have clear knowledge in the adult population, without extrapolating management data from the pediatric population. Methods. A critical review of the available information was carried out in order to establish important data in the management of caustic esophagitis in the adult population, including an analysis of the type of intake, volume, intention and age, to help identify early complications susceptible to surgical management. Results. Endoscopy has an important role in the first 24-48 hours to establish the severity of the damage according to the Zargar classification, which combined with the imaging classification allows a better prognosis to be achieved. There is no demonstrated benefit from the use of PPI, mitomycin C, nasogastric tube or esophageal prosthesis to prevent strictures. Steroids have a benefit in Zargar ≥ 2B (with airway compromise) and there are promising data with the use of sucralfate at high-doses. In complications derived from stenosis, early dilation with Savary-Guillard is preferred. After 10 years of ingestion, endoscopic follow-up should be performed every 2-3 years to screen for esophageal squamous cell cancer. Conclusion. Caustic esophagitis is a condition with a high morbidity burden, whose prognosis depends on early interventions and multidisciplinary management and follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Esophageal burns caused by caustic ingestion have as a late complication the formation of strictures, which prevents adequate feeding due to the impossibility of passing food. To correct this complication, esophageal replacement can be performed surgically by forming a gastric tube. Clinical case. We present the case of a pediatric patient with esophageal stricture caused by accidental ingestion of caustics, which could not be resolved by endoscopic esophageal dilations. It was decided to proceed with the formation of a "flexible" gastric tube, since is longer, preserves a better vascular supply and decreases the risk of anastomotic leak generated by ischemic sites. Result. Two days after surgery, an esophagogastroduodenal series with water-soluble contrast was performed, where no leaks were observed. Subsequently, on the third postoperative day, the patient began to eat solids. Conclusion. The surgical technique used to form this gastric tube allows adequate vascular permeability, avoiding leaks at the anastomosis sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Endoscopic esophageal dilation is an effective therapeutic option for the treatment of esophagus strictures and motor disorders. To perform it, it is essential to know the etiology and anatomy of the injury and to have clinical experience. These factors determine the indication and development of the procedure. The objective of this study was to report the experience in the management of patients with esophageal stricture at a reference center institution for digestive diseases in Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. Methods. A descriptive, retrospective cohort study was carried out, in which patients undergoing esophageal dilation by the Gastroenterology Service were evaluated, from January 2021 to June 2023. All patients over 18 years of age with esophageal stenosis of any etiology and achalasia were included. Results. 27 patients were identified, 92.6% men. The most prevalent etiology was post-surgical stenosis (40.7%), followed by achalasia (29.6%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (18.5%), and inflammatory diseases (11.1%). The 'rule of three' was safely used in postsurgical and peptic strictures. The majority of the dilations (81.5%) were successful and a single complication of esophageal perforation occurred. Conclusion. Endoscopic dilation is a safe procedure for the treatment of esophageal stenosis and achalasia. Correct procedure indication, type of stenosis, appropriate choice of dilator and professional expertise are crucial aspects for the effectiveness of this technique and for the detection and management of potential complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and aims: Surgical or endoscopic treatments play an essential role in the management of achalasia. The probability of adverse events in the performance of said treatments is a relevant aspect, when establishing the risk-benefit balance. The present study aimed to establish the association between serious adverse events and the performance of those procedures, in adult patients with achalasia. Materials and methods: A systemic search of randomized and nonrandomized clinical trials, retrospective cohorts, and cases series on adult patients with achalasia that underwent laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM), peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), or endoscopic balloon dilation, that reported serious adverse events, was carried out on the Medline, CENTRAL, and EBSCO databases. Serious adverse events were defined as: death at 30 days, Clavien-Dindo grade III or higher classification, esophageal or gastric perforation, pneumothorax, mucosal tear, leakage, emphysema, pneumonia, and chest pain. The methodology included the PRISMA guidelines for reporting systematic reviews. Results: Thirty-five studies were found that reported information on 1,276 patients that underwent POEM, 5,492 that underwent LHM, and 10,346 that underwent endoscopic balloon dilation. The proportions of adverse events for the three techniques were 3.6, 4.9, and 3.1%, respectively. Discussion and conclusions: The 3 therapeutic interventions evaluated had similar proportions of adverse events. There were few reports of death at 30 days as an outcome and the lack of standardization in reporting adverse events in the studies analyzed was prominent. Resumen: Introducción y objetivos: Los tratamientos quirúrgicos o endoscópicos juegan un papel fundamental en el manejo de acalasia. La probabilidad de eventos adversos en la realización de estos tratamientos es un aspecto relevante a la hora de establecer el balance riesgo beneficio, este estudio pretende establecer la asociación entre eventos adversos serios y la realización de estos procedimientos en pacientes adultos con acalasia. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y no aleatorizados, cohortes retrospectivas y series de casos de pacientes adultos con acalasia llevados a miotomía laparoscópica de Heller (LHM), Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM) o dilatación endoscópica con balón que reportarán eventos adversos serios en Medline, CENTRAL, y EBSCO. Los eventos adversos serios se definieron como: muerte a 30 días, clasificación de Clavien y Dindo grado III en adelante, perforación esofágica o gástrica, neumotórax, desgarro mucoso, fuga, enfisema, neumonía y dolor torácico. La metodología incluyó los lineamientos PRISMA para reporte de revisiones sistemáticas. Resultados: Se encontraron 35 estudios que reportaron información de 1,276 pacientes intervenidos con POEM, 5,492 llevados a LHM, y 10,346 a dilatación endoscópica con balón, las proporciones de eventos adversos para las tres técnicas fueron de 3.6, 4.9 y 3.1% respectivamente. Discusión y conclusiones: Las 3 intervenciones terapéuticas evaluadas presentan proporciones similares de eventos adversos, los reportes de mortalidad a 30 días como desenlace fueron pocos y es notoria la falta de estandarización del reporte de eventos adversos en los estudios analizados.

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Paulista de Enfermagem is the property of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: La estenosis laringotraqueal corresponde a una patología compleja, que afecta a los pacientes sometidos a intubación orotraqueal, ya que están expuestos a sufrir lesiones de la vía respiratoria. Por ello, es importante realizar un diagnóstico oportuno, así como tomar las medidas preventivas con el fin de garantizar el manejo adecuado de estos pacientes. Objetivo general: Determinar la prevalencia de estenosis laringotraqueal en pacientes adultos sometidos a Intubación orotraqueal prolongada en el IAHULA en el periodo 2007-2017. Metodología: tipo de estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, diseño no experimental. La muestra estuvo conformada por 23 pacientes diagnosticados con estenosis laringotraqueal. Resultados: las edades oscilaron entre 19 y 59 años, el promedio fue de 33,35 años, 95,7% (22 sujetos) de los sujetos con la patología fueron de sexo masculino, el 47,8% (11 pacientes) ingresaron por TEC, el mayor porcentaje 65,2% (15 sujetos) estuvo un período de 7 a 12 días, con promedio de 11,35 días. En 12 pacientes fue realizada la traqueostomía. El sitio anatómico más frecuente de presentación de la patología fue la subglotis, el grado de afectación de acuerdo a la clasificación de Cotton fue grado II. El tratamiento realizado con mayor frecuencia fue las dilataciones 60,9% (14 pacientes). Conclusiones: La estenosis laringotraqueal afecta mayormente a la población joven masculina con el antecedente de intubación orotraqueal prolongada. Haciendo hincapié en las medidas para su prevención como lo son regulación de la presión del neumotaponador y la traqueostomía oportuna.

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension is the property of Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Knowledge about triamcinolone utility for esophagitis in children is limited. Objective: To compare the therapeutic treatment of the intralesional use of triamcinolone in pediatric patients with recurrent or refractory esophageal stenosis. Patients, materials and methods: Analysis of nine pediatric cases. Patients under 18 years of age with a diagnosis of recurrent or refractory esophageal stricture were included. Triamcinolone was applied through endoscopy in the four quadrants of the lesion every two to four weeks, in three sessions, and with six months of follow-up. Frequency of dilations was assessed before and after the administration of the drug. Statistical analysis: the Wilcoxon test was applied to compare the periodic rate of dilations. Results: Median age of four years were included. There was a statistical difference between the RPD before and after the triamcinolone (0.81 vs. zero, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Periodic dilation, along with the application of intralesional triamcinolone, was effective in pediatric patients with refractory/recurrent and complex esophageal strictures, with a maximum follow-up of six months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To compare the Doppler ultrasound parameters of the uterine and brachial arteries, between healthy pregnant women and pregnant women with preeclampsia. Methods: 102 pregnant women were studied in the third trimester, group I 83 healthy women and group II 19 patients with severe preeclampsia. All of them underwent Doppler ultrasound of the uterine arteries, measuring the pulsatility index (PI) and determining the presence of proto-diastolic notch. The PI and the arterial diameter were measured in the brachial artery before and after the hyperemic stimulus. Comparisons between the groups were performed with Student's t-test for independent samples and Mann-Whitney U and the comparison within each group with Student's t-test for related samples. Results: Gestational age was 35 ± 3 and 35 ± 2 weeks for group I and II, respectively. The proto-diastolic notch was present in 6 of 19 patients in group II (p <0.001), the PI of the uterine arteries was 0.68 ± 0.1 and 0.93 ± 0.3 for group I and II respectively (p <0.006). In the brachial artery, the arterial diameter after the hyperemic stimulus was significantly higher in women in group I (3.7 ± 0.5 mm and 3.5 ± 0.6 mm, p <0.006). Conclusions: Preeclamptic women had higher PI of the uterine artery than the healthy ones; healthy women had greater arterial diameter after hyperemic stimulus than preeclamptic ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Esophageal stenoses very rarely occur after an esophagojejunal anastomosis, but when they do they can compromise patients' quality of life and nutritional status and may require endoscopic management with balloon dilation or with plugs which entail risks. Nevertheless, there is a group of patients who do not improve after dilation, whose stenoses persist, and who therefore continue to be symptomatic. For a patient with a stenosis that is refractory to dilation, a radial incision and endoscopic cutting with an electric scalpel can be performed with good results. We present the case of a patient with a postoperative stenosis at the esophagojejunal anastomosis who was refractory to initial dilation, who required a radial incision cut with an endoscopic electric scalpel whose improvement led to a better quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FUNDAMENTO: O índice de dilatação transitória pode ser determinado através de teste ergométrico ou estresse farmacológico. Desconhece-se se o tipo de estresse tem impacto sobre os valores médios do índice de dilatação transitória. OBJETIVO: Comparar os valores médios do índice de dilatação transitória na cintilografia com 99mTc-sestamibi, em pacientes submetidos a teste ergométrico em esteira, versus estresse com dipiridamol. O objetivo secundário foi avaliar o impacto sobre o valor médio do índice exercido pelas características demográficas, pelos fatores de risco para doença arterial coronariana e a gravidade da isquemia. MÉTODOS: O estudo transversal incluiu 200 pacientes, entre 40 e 70 anos, portadores ou não de fatores de risco para cardiopatia isquêmica, com ou sem diagnóstico prévio de cardiopatia isquêmica. A separação entre grupos foi sequencial. O software 4D-MSPECT calculou o índice de dilatação transitória e forneceu um sistema de escores para análise da perfusão. RESULTADOS: O valor do índice de dilatação transitória médio do grupo submetido a teste ergométrico foi de 1,06 (±0,23). O do grupo submetido ao estresse com dipiridamol foi de 1,10 (±0,22);(p = 0,200). Não houve associação entre o tipo de estresse e os valores médios do índice de dilatação transitória. Encontrou-se associação entre os valores médios do índice e a faixa etária somente para os pacientes do grupo do teste ergométrico (p = 0,009). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados do nosso estudo demonstram que o índice de dilatação transitória não difere quando os pacientes são submetidos a estresse pelo teste ergométrico em esteira ou estresse farmacológico pelo dipiridamol.FUNDAMENTO: La tasa de dilatación transitoria puede ser determinada por la prueba ergométrica o estrés farmacológico. Se desconoce si el tipo de estrés tiene un impacto sobre los valores del índice de dilatación transitoria. OBJETIVO: Comparando los valores promedios del índice de dilatación transitoria en la centellografía con 99mTc-sestamibi, en pacientes sometidos a prueba ergométrica en cinta rodante, versus estrés con dipiridamol. El objetivo secundario fue evaluar el impacto sobre el valor promedio del índice ejercido por las características demográficas, por los factores de riesgo para enfermedad arterial coronaria y por la gravedad de la isquemia. MÉTODOS: El estudio transversal incluyó a 200 pacientes, entre 40 y 70 años, con o sin factores de riesgo para la cardiopatía isquémica, con o sin diagnóstico previo de cardiopatía isquémica. La separación entre los grupos fue secuencial. El software 4D-MSPECT calculó el índice de dilatación transitoria y suministró un sistema de score para el análisis de la perfusión. RESULTADOS: El valor del índice de la dilatación transitoria media del grupo sometido a la prueba ergométrica fue de 1,06 (± 0,23). El del grupo sometido al estrés con dipiridamol fue de 1,10 (±0,22);(p = 0,200). No hubo asociación entre el tipo de estrés y los valores promedios del índice de dilatación transitoria. Se encontró una asociación entre los valores medios del índice y la edad sólo para los pacientes del grupo de la prueba ergométrica (p = 0,009). CONCLUSIÓN: Los resultados de nuestro estudio demuestran que el índice de dilatación transitoria no difieren cuando los pacientes son sometidos a estrés por la prueba ergométrica en cinta rodante farmacológica por el dipiridamol. (Arq Bras Cardiol 2011;96(5):363-369)BACKGROUND: The rate of transient dilatation can be determined by exercise testing or pharmacological stress test. It is unknown whether the type of stress has an impact on average transient dilatation index values. OBJECTIVE: To compare average transient dilation index values in 99mTc-sestamibi scintigraphy in patients undergoing treadmill stress test, versus dipyridamole stress test. The secondary purpose was to evaluate the impact on the average index value by demographic characteristics, risk factors for coronary artery disease and severity of ischemia. METHODS: The cross-sectional study included 200 patients between 40 and 70 years old, with or without risk factors for ischemic heart disease, with or without a previous diagnosis of ischemic heart disease. The separation between groups was sequential. The software 4D-MSPECT calculated the transient dilatation index and provided a scoring system for perfusion analysis. RESULTS: The average transient dilation index value of the group undergoing exercise stress test was 1.06 (±0.23). For the group undergoing the dipyridamole stress test, it was 1.10 (±0.22); (p = 0.200). There was no association between the type of stress and the average transient dilatation index values. An association was found between the average index values and age only for those patients from the exercise test group (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: The results of our study demonstrate that the transient dilation index does not differ when patients undergo exercise stress test on a treadmill or pharmacological stress by dipyridamole.

En este artículo se presenta una generalización de las operaciones básicas de la morfología matemática de conjuntos, debido a que es capaz de obtener de forma geométrica descriptores estadísticos en el codominio del operador (Z= {0, 1}). A los resultados de esta generalización se le han denominado operadores k-estadísticos. Estos operadores no son tan exigentes con respecto a lo que se espera de la traslación de un elemento estructural al interceptarlo con un conjunto original, como las operaciones básicas de dilatación y erosión. Más aun, un solo operador k-estadístico representa un conjunto funcionalmente completo, e incluye la erosión y la dilatación como casos particulares. En un operador k-estadístico, la condición de pertenencia al resultado de la operación depende de que el área (número de elementos) de la intersección entre la traslación del elemento de estructura y el conjunto original sea al menos de magnitud k. Como consecuencia, con un solo parámetro (k) se pueden crear toda la gama de operadores que van desde erosión hasta dilatación y, por ende, otro tipo de aperturas y cerraduras que tengan comportamientos intermedios, como alternativa a la solución de diversos problemas en procesamiento de imágenes binarias.

Nuestro objetivo es presentar los principales hallazgos en diagnóstico por imagen de las enfermedades del intestino delgado en una secuencia ordenada, ofreciendo una correlación patológico- radiológica de cada una de ellas. Estas anormalidades fueron clasificadas en entidades difusas y focales. La enfermedad difusa compromete todo el intestino delgado o, al menos, cinco asas intestinales. Las entidades focales son enfermedades localizadas. En primer lugar se considerará la enfermedad difusa, diferenciando tres patrones: engrosamiento de pliegues, nodularidad y dilatación. En cada uno de estos tres patrones serán estudiadas las principales entidades que pueden provocarlas, enfatizando los hallazgos clave que permiten estrechar las opciones de diagnóstico diferencial.Our objective is to present in an orderly way the main radiological findings of the small bowel diseases, offering a radiologic- pathologic correlation of each of them. We divide these abnormalities in diffuse and focal entities. Diffuse disease involves the whole small bowel or at least five intestinal loops. Focal entities are localized diseases. First we are going to consider the topic of diffuse disease differentiating three patterns: thickening of folds, nodularity and dilatation. In each of these three patterns the main entities that can cause them are considered, emphasizing the key findings that allow the narrowing of the differential diagnosis.

Copyright of Ciberrevista Enfermeriadeurgencias.com is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Enfermeria de Urgencias y Emergencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: There is no doubt that we grow old because our cells do them, so does their irrigation. From childhood, a process called arteriosclerosis begins, characterized by thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial wall. Material and methods: We retrospectively assessed 210 lumbar spine radiographs of patients of both sexes, over 18 years old, who attended the spinal pathology service of the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires between May and July 2015. Results: Of the 210 patients studied, 7 were excluded due to poor radiographic technique. Of the remaining patients, 135 were female and 68 were male. The ages ranged from 19 to 90 years, with a mean of 63.45 years. As for modifiable or controllable risk factors, 103 patients have hypertension, 23 diabetes, 26 cigarette smokers and 64 with dyslipidemia. Discussion: Vascular calcifications exponentially increase the risk of patients suffering from cardiovascular events (acute myocardial infarction, stroke, etc.), so it is necessary to be able to diagnose the compromise and severity of calcifications in our population. In this study it was possible to evaluate that age plays an important role in the degree of aortic calcification, being independent of the classic risk factors mentioned above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the frequency and type of applied for correction of urethral stricture in patients operated for a period of 20 years surgery. Material and methods: Retrospective review of 46 patients with anterior urethral stricture. The patient's age was between one to 76 years, the length of the stricture was from two to 12 cm. Results: The technique was used in 21 patients as a terminal end urethroplasty, no pedicle flap tubularized in eight, pedicle onlay only in six patients, and urethroplasty with oral mucosa in 11 patients. Success with one surgery in 36 patients, in five patients was necessary endoscopic urethrotomy for section of the stenotic ring and in four patients a new urethroplasty, and only one patient needed a continent urinary Mitrofanoff divertion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La dilatación aneurismática, 1,5 veces el diámetro del vaso mayor normal que compromete un segmento de arteria coronaria, es una patología de rara presentación (incidencia 1,5% a 5%). Su etiología es arteriosclerótica y su principal importancia clínica es la posibilidad de producir infartos por trombosis o espasmo y ruptura. No se conoce su evolución y pronóstico y en la literatura no hay material suficiente para realizar recomendaciones sobre el tratamiento. Se reporta un caso de aneurisma del tronco principal y se revisa la literatura con el objetivo de actualizar la información al respecto.Coronary artery aneurysm is defined as the dilation of a segment of the coronary artery that reaches 1.5 times its normal size. It is an infrequent pathology with an incidence varying between 1.5% and 5%. Its main cause is atherosclerosis and from a clinical point of view its importance resides in the possibility of producing infarcts through thrombosis or spasm, and in its rupture. The natural history and prognosis remain obscure and there is not enough evidence respect to its evolution and prognosis as to give the right guidelines for its treatment. We report the case of a patient with left main coronary artery aneurysm and make an update literature review on this subject.

En este trabajo se reporta el diseño de un sistema de medición de áreas geométricas, el cual sirve como base para la medición del área de heridas crónicas en pacientes, con la finalidad de dar seguimiento a su evolución de manera no invasiva. El sistema se desarrolló en principio en Matlab, y posteriormente se migró una primera parte a un FPGA. Se utilizó el Método de Canny, erosión y dilatación

Copyright of Ingeniería (0121-750X) is the property of Ingenieria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We inform of a male newborn with esophageal achalasia, clinical presentation, evolution and approach diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achalasia is an esophageal pathology which significantly compromises patient quality of life. Its pathophysiology is not well understood and its etiology has not yet been established. Available treatments are generally palliative. A significant percentage of patients, once they have exhausted all endoscopic and surgical options, should be referred for esophagectomy. Therapeutic endoscopy offers pneumatic balloon dilation guided by endoscopy with excellent results. Laparoscopic Heller myotomy associated with partial fundoplication is the surgical treatment of choice: its results are comparable to those obtained with endoscopic pneumatic balloon dilatation. However, surgical myotomy is a technique that is not without risks, some patients do not accept it and others are not good candidates for the procedure. For some time now the idea that laparoscopic Heller myotomy is superior to endoscopic pneumatic balloon dilation has been popularized, but this is based on questionable studies. The development of therapeutic endoscopy and the growing awareness of the deeper layers of the gastrointestinal tract have made the concept of transmural endoscopic surgery possible to the point that performing a submucosal endoscopic myotomy is now an alternative for management of Achalasia. Therapeutic endoscopy using available methods and techniques is still under study but will remain a first line treatment option for managing these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes an algorithm developed under image processing techniques to automatically obtain relevant anthropometric parameters from frontal human faces. The algorithm first applies a Gaussian model of the skin to detect the individual face in the scene. Later, a set of morphological equations is applied to isolate or segment the interest regions of the face (eyes, nose and lips). Once these regions are detected, the algorithm calculates the reference point's coordinates and finally they are used to obtain the anthropometric measures of interest. The implemented algorithm is capable to automatically detect 14 of the 18 referent points defined by Farkas for frontal faces with a mean square error less than 3 mm. With this set of points 23 parameters are measured in an average computation time of 13 seconds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relapsing polychondritis is a rare multisystemic disease, of unknown origin, characterized by recurrent swelling, destruction of cartilages and connective tissue mainly of the ear and nose cartilages. Complications of the airways (laryngeal and tracheal stenosis) occur late in the disease. We present a case of a male with relapsing polychondritis which appeared initially as a tracheal stenosis (laryngeal stridor, exertional dyspnea) followed by cutaneous lesions, swelling of the ear and nose cartilage (deformity of nose septum in the shape of a saddle). Computarized tomography of the neck showed a decrease in diameter of the trachea about 50%, bronchoscopy revealed a concentric diminution of the tracheal lumen about 50% that involved the right and left main bronchi. A biopsy of the ear cartilage showed signs of chondritis. The patient responded satisfactorily to steroids and dilatation of stenosis; however, one year later he died of respiratory insufficiency. Tracheal stenosis is a sign of ominous prognosis in relapsing polychondritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]