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519,635 results on '"disease"'

1. Science Brief: Prevention and Control of Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Infections in Kindergarten through Grade 12 (K-12) Schools

Author

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (DHHS/PHS)

Abstract

The general science of infection prevention and control can be applied to and adapted for a variety of settings, including kindergarten through grade 12 (K-12). Strategies can be implemented in the classroom and whole school environment to prevent a wide array of illnesses caused by both bacteria and viruses. This science brief presents findings from a review of research studies focused on school- based strategies to prevent and control respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. The studies reviewed in this brief informed and supported development of the Guidance for Preventing Spread of Infections in K-12 Schools. Previous literature reviews have been published about infection prevention in schools, and most have focused on single intervention strategies such as hand washing, cleaning and disinfection, or contact tracing. Additionally, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has evidence-based guidance, including the respiratory virus guidance that was taken into consideration when developing this brief. This science brief adds to existing literature by describing the current state of science for a comprehensive set of strategies to prevent spread of respiratory and gastrointestinal infections in K-12 settings.

Published
2024

3. How reproducible are data-driven subtypes of Alzheimer's disease atrophy?

Author

Prevot, Emma, Shand, Cameron, Oxtoby, Neil, and Initiative, for Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods, Statistics - Applications
Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibits substantial clinical and biological heterogeneity, complicating efforts in treatment and intervention development. While new computational methods offer insights into AD progression, the reproducibility of these subtypes across datasets remains understudied, particularly concerning the robustness of subtype definitions when validated on diverse databases. This study evaluates the consistency of AD progression subtypes identified by the Subtype and Stage Inference (SuStaIn) algorithm using T1-weighted MRI data across 5,444 subjects from ANMerge, OASIS, and ADNI datasets, forming four independent cohorts. Each cohort was analyzed under two conditions: one using the full cohort, including cognitively normal controls, and another excluding controls to test subtype robustness. Results confirm the three primary atrophy subtypes identified in earlier studies: Typical, Cortical, and Subcortical, as well as the emergence of rare and atypical AD variants such as posterior cortical atrophy (PCA). Notably, each subtype displayed varying robustness to the inclusion of controls, with certain subtypes, like Subcortical, more influenced by cohort composition. This investigation underscores SuStaIn's reliability for defining stable AD subtypes and suggests its utility in clinical stratification for trials and diagnosis. However, our findings also highlight the need for improved dataset diversity, particularly in terms of ethnic representation, to enhance generalizability and support broader clinical application.

Published
2024

4. Uncertainty quantification for White Matter Hyperintensity segmentation detects silent failures and improves automated Fazekas quantification

Author

Philps, Ben, Hernandez, Maria del C. Valdes, Qin, Chen, Clancy, Una, Sakka, Eleni, Maniega, Susana Munoz, Bastin, Mark E., Jochems, Angela C. C., Wardlaw, Joanna M., Bernabeu, Miguel O., and Initiative, Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Machine Learning, I.4.10, I.4.6, I.2.10, I.2.6, J.3, G.3
Abstract

White Matter Hyperintensities (WMH) are key neuroradiological markers of small vessel disease present in brain MRI. Assessment of WMH is important in research and clinics. However, WMH are challenging to segment due to their high variability in shape, location, size, poorly defined borders, and similar intensity profile to other pathologies (e.g stroke lesions) and artefacts (e.g head motion). In this work, we apply the most effective techniques for uncertainty quantification (UQ) in segmentation to the WMH segmentation task across multiple test-time data distributions. We find a combination of Stochastic Segmentation Networks with Deep Ensembles yields the highest Dice and lowest Absolute Volume Difference % (AVD) score on in-domain and out-of-distribution data. We demonstrate the downstream utility of UQ, proposing a novel method for classification of the clinical Fazekas score using spatial features extracted for WMH segmentation and UQ maps. We show that incorporating WMH uncertainty information improves Fazekas classification performance and calibration, with median class balanced accuracy for classification models with (UQ and spatial WMH features)/(spatial WMH features)/(WMH volume only) of 0.71/0.66/0.60 in the Deep WMH and 0.82/0.77/0.73 in the Periventricular WMH regions respectively. We demonstrate that stochastic UQ techniques with high sample diversity can improve the detection of poor quality segmentations. Finally, we qualitatively analyse the semantic information captured by UQ techniques and demonstrate that uncertainty can highlight areas where there is ambiguity between WMH and stroke lesions, while identifying clusters of small WMH in deep white matter unsegmented by the model., Comment: 34 pages (or 22 not including appendix) 26 figures (or 11 not including appendix)

Published
2024

15. A Natural History Study of the Gangliosidoses

Author

Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), and Lysosomal Disease Network

Published
2025

17. Slow Introduction of Nutrition for Ill Malnourished Children (F50)

Author

Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Children's Investment Fund Foundation (CIFF), Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Eleanor Crook Foundation, ECF, and Robert Bandsma, Staff Physician, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition

Published
2025

18. Immunogenicity of Influenza Vaccinations

Author

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Arizona State University, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Washington University School of Medicine, and VA Medical Center-Cleveland

Published
2025

31. Krabbe Disease Global Patient Registry

Author

Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Lysosomal Disease Network, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), and Thomas J. Langan, Principal Investigator

Published
2025

33. Deformation Imaging by Strain in Chronic Heart Failure Over Gliflozins: an Echocardiographic Register on Sodium-GLucose coTransporter-2 Inhibitors (DISCOVERSGLT2i)

Author

Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, University Of Perugia, Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Cardiology and Arrhythmology Clinic, Marche Polytechnic University, 60121 Ancona, Cardiology Department, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto - Piacenza, University Cardiology Unit, Cardiothoracic Department, Polyclinic University Hospital, Bari, ProMISE, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Department of Cardiovascular Disease - AUSL Romagna, Division of Cardiology, Ospedale S. Maria Delle Croci, Viale Randi 5, 48121, Ravenna, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milano, Milan, Division, of Cardiology, 'A. De Gasperis' Cardio Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162, Milan, Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Department of Thoracic, Heart and Vascular Diseases, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, Novara, Divisione di Cardiologia, Ospedale S. Maria del Carmine, Rovereto, TN, ASST-Rhodense; Ospedale di Circolo di Rho, Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department. University Hospital San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona. Salerno, Centro Medico Sant'Agostino, Milano, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ospedali riuniti di Ancona, Department of Cardiology, Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, Roma, and Matteo Cameli, Professor

Published
2025

50. Sickle-cell Disease Registry of the GPOH (SichReg)

Author

GPOH Consortium Sickle Cell Disease, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Hospital, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Hospital Ulm, Charite University, Berlin, Germany, German Cancer Research Center, Deutsche Kinderkrebsstiftung, Pfizer, and Dr. Joachim Kunz, Senior physician

Published
2025

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