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Emotion regulation plays a crucial role in well-being in everyday life. Effective emotion regulation depends upon adaptively matching a given strategy to a given situation. Recent research has begun to explore these interactions in the context of daily reports of perceived stress, affect, and emotion regulation strategy usage. To further understand these differences in strategy efficacy in an ecologically valid context, we examined responses to real world stressors in a young adult sample. We surveyed a range of emotion regulation strategies, including two forms of cognitive reappraisal (i.e., reinterpretation, which involves cognitively reframing one's emotional responses, and psychological distancing, which involves adopting an objective, impartial perspective). Participants reported strategy usage, momentary perceived stress, and affect in response to multiple ecological momentary assessments over a period of 7 days. Analyses of links between strategy usage and affect revealed that rumination was significantly negatively associated with more positive affect ratings. Further, a significant interaction between momentary perceived stress and reinterpretation usage was observed on affect, such that reinterpretation was more adaptive during situations perceived as less stressful. These results provide further insight into the importance of situational context in determining the effectiveness of particular emotion regulation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Avoidance is a kind of behavior that phylogenetically has helped humans to survive harmful situations. However, following a behavioral pattern based on avoidance is not always useful; it can render some relive from the reduction of discomfort but, in the long term, can bring suffering and destruction to the life of the person. At the same time, humans act according to a type of motivation named personal meaning, which can drive our behavior even when facing uncomfortable feelings and thoughts. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a contextual therapy that focuses on minimizing the pattern of avoidance and maximizing the pattern of meaningful actions, which in the long term can bring life satisfaction to the person. Various randomized controlled trials have showed that this type of interventions are effective for different psychological problems. Different experimental analogs have studied, in the laboratory, the effect of the specific ACT component of personal meaning, or values, on reducing avoidance. However, no systematic review has been found on this topic and this is the aim of the present review. The systematic search found nineteen experimental analogs and their results revealed that personal meaning is a useful tool to reduce avoidance, in the form of pain tolerance, and that psychological distancing complements effectively the positive impact of personal meaning. We discuss these results and the details of how the motivational protocols were implemented, trying to identify key elements that could help to promote more flexible behavioral patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides a linguoculturological analysis of the regulators of patriarchal morality, which represent the periphery of the phraseological concept of honour. They are verbalized in the language by a large number of phraseological units intertwined into complex functional-semantic relationships. Phraseological units reflecting extra-linguistic phenomena are integrated into micro concepts that are important for native speakers of the given era. At the centre of the macro concept of honour is the micro concept of face as a symbol of honour. Other micro concepts are concentrated around it - regulators of patriarchal morality: spell and oath, distancing, stoning and blood feud. All these micro concepts are recorded in phraseological units interconnected in meaning and function. On the basis of their various syntagmatic, paradigmatic and semantic connections, the mechanism regulating social relations and ethical norms by which lived not only an individual, a member of the community, but also the entire patriarchal community, is reconstructed. An extensive set of phraseological units is extracted from lexicographic, ethnographic, historical and legal sources, and their function is illustrated by contexts from artistic and folklore texts. This methodology gives an idea of the real linguistic use of a particular era and the function of the analyzed phraseological units in a particular context, which, in turn, makes it possible to reconstruct social phenomena, processes and relationships that stand against the background of linguistic units. This emphasizes the importance of language as a custodian and translator of culture and the special significance of the phraseological layer of language, which best preserves the concepts of culture, as well as the importance of historical phraseology.

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to drastic changes in the world. One prominent aspect has been the transformation in interpersonal relations, especially people's attitude towards residents from COVID epicenters. Using a 2-wave national study in mainland China during the pandemic outbreak, this study examined Chinese people's distancing and helping intentions towards residents from Hubei Province, the epicenter of China at that time. Results suggested that individuals had an ambivalent attitude towards denizens from the epicenter. Specifically, people felt greater risk when they perceived a higher severity of the pandemic and so were more likely to distance from epicenter residents. However, individuals showed greater empathy towards epicenter residents when they felt a higher severity of the pandemic and, therefore, were more likely to help them. Group identity moderated these effects: those with a higher identification as Chinese were more inclined to help Hubei residents, but those with a lower identification as Chinese were more prone to distance from them. The findings provide important implications in understanding interpersonal relationships during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cognitive distancing is an emotion regulation strategy commonly used in psychological treatment of various mental health disorders, but its therapeutic mechanisms are unknown. Methods: 935 participants completed an online reinforcement learning task involving choices between pairs of symbols with differing reward contingencies. Half (49.1%) of the sample was randomised to a cognitive self-distancing intervention and were trained to regulate or 'take a step back' from their emotional response to feedback throughout. Established computational (Q -learning) models were then fit to individuals' choices to derive reinforcement learning parameters capturing clarity of choice values (inverse temperature) and their sensitivity to positive and negative feedback (learning rates). Results: Cognitive distancing improved task performance, including when participants were later tested on novel combinations of symbols without feedback. Group differences in computational model-derived parameters revealed that cognitive distancing resulted in clearer representations of option values (estimated 0.17 higher inverse temperatures). Simultaneously, distancing caused increased sensitivity to negative feedback (estimated 19% higher loss learning rates). Exploratory analyses suggested this resulted from an evolving shift in strategy by distanced participants: initially, choices were more determined by expected value differences between symbols, but as the task progressed, they became more sensitive to negative feedback, with evidence for a difference strongest by the end of training. Conclusions: Adaptive effects on the computations that underlie learning from reward and loss may explain the therapeutic benefits of cognitive distancing. Over time and with practice, cognitive distancing may improve symptoms of mental health disorders by promoting more effective engagement with negative information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Juznoslovenski Filolog is the property of Serbian Academy of Sciences & Arts, Institute for the Serbian Language and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Our paper investigates Belgian young peoples’ discussions about climate change, specifically how they distance themselves from various dimensions related to climate issues. The study includes a pluridisciplinary analysis combining sociological, linguistic and semiotic approaches to process textual data collected in 2022 from six focus groups organised within local youth associations. This study focuses on 33 socially and economically diverse young people who joined a youth club. The paper explores the strategies employed by the respondents to distance themselves from climate change issues. It sheds light on various aspects related to climate distancing: How young people embody their vision of climate change through voice-switching, how societal norms and beliefs influence them, how they perceive the global impact of the changes, and how education plays a role in the issue of climate change. The study highlights the barriers, paradoxes and conflicts that hinder young people’s active involvement in addressing climate change. It goes on to propose a set of recommendations aimed at transforming these barriers into actionable steps that can drive positive change. By identifying and addressing the contributing factors to climate distancing, this research offers potential pathways for empowering young people to become more engaged in the fight against climate change.

BackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms among people living with HIV (PLWH) are not well described.SettingLongitudinal survey within the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study (MWCCS) of PLWH compared with similar HIV-seronegative (SN) individuals.MethodsTelephone-administered survey of MWCCS participants at 13 clinical research sites across the United States addressing COVID-19 symptoms, SARS-CoV-2 testing, and pandemic impact on social distancing and antiretroviral therapy (ART) use. Primary data collection occurred during May (wave 1), June-July (wave 2), and August-September, 2020 (wave 3).ResultsOne-third of MWCCS participants were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection; 10% was tested ≥2 times. Similar proportions of PLWH and SN participants were tested, but SARS-CoV-2 positivity was higher among PLWH than among SN individuals (9.4% vs 4.8%, P = 0.003). Odds of SARS-CoV-2 positivity remained higher among PLWH after adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and study site (adjusted odds ratio = 2.0, 95% confidence interval = 1.2 to 3.2). SARS-CoV-2 positivity was not associated with CD4 cell counts among PLWH. Among SARS-CoV-2 positive participants, 9% had no symptoms, 7% had 1-2 mild symptoms, and 84% had ≥3 symptoms. Most of the (98%) participants reported physical distancing during all survey waves; self-reported ART adherence among PLWH was not adversely affected during the pandemic compared with the previous year (similar adherence in 89% of participants, improved in 9% of participants, and decreased in 2% of participants).ConclusionsDespite similar SARS-CoV-2 testing and physical distancing profiles by HIV serostatus among MWCCS participants, PLWH who reported SARS-CoV-2 testing were more likely to have a positive test result. Additional studies are needed to determine whether and why PLWH are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

In the current research we investigated how people deal with decisions in which they have to reject others, something that is unavoidably part of many selection procedures. Integrating insights derived from research on social exclusion and dehumanization, we argued that when people need to reject others, they dehumanize them. To study the association between dehumanization and rejecting in a real-life setting, we conducted two field studies, in which we examined the selection process in student houses, where residents can accept some prospective members, but have to reject others. As predicted, our findings showed that when people need to reject targets, they subtly dehumanize them. Moreover, dehumanizing rejected targets was related to lower rejection aversion. This suggests that when people dehumanize those they have to reject, rejection is easier.

A gap between knowledge and adaptive action remains and psychological distancing has been proposed to explain peoples’ inaction. This presents a challenge to climate change communication and particularly to the conventional ways of providing scientific information. Serious games have proliferated in the last ten years with a focus on improving the way in which climate change is communicated with different types of audiences. However, empirical evidence for whether serious games focusing on the local understanding of barriers to action offers an opportunity to reduce the psychological distancing from climate change is lacking. This paper presents a case study of Minions of Disruptions, a collaborative board game developed by the Dutch NGO Day of Adaptation, which gamifies climate action by letting the players choose their own adaptation strategy and co-create their organizational story that is based on their local knowledge. The results of this paper show that the game experience succeeds in reducing psychological distance and cultivates agency. This finding provides a pathway toward communication strategies that provide a safe and fun environment in which participants interact to identify organizational and community-based issue areas where more resilience can be built.

This theoretical article identifies the intentional aesthetic use of embodied language as one of the unique contributions of dramatherapy to trauma treatment. Despite the centrality of narrative, fictional and dramatic language to dramatherapy practice, there has been little written about the aesthetics of language and their application in trauma work, nor about the relationship between embodiment and language use in dramatherapy. The article proceeds from the assumption that aesthetics are at the core of dramatherapy process, and therefore, that it is crucial to the understanding of therapeutic change in dramatherapy to explore the aesthetic aspects of practice. Reviewing the literature on language in trauma work and aesthetics in dramatherapy, the article provides a preliminary typology of the aesthetic elements of language as used in dramatherapy, with illustrative examples from the literature and from the author's arts-based research. The core process of aesthetic distancing is applied as the dramatherapist's primary tool for moment-to-moment assessment and decision-making regarding interventions, particularly with regard to titrating exposure to traumatic content; this is necessary to sustain a robust dramatic reality capable of containing the potentially affectively and physiologically intense work of trauma resolution. The article concludes with recommendations for future research into language use in dramatherapy trauma work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our paper investigates Belgian young peoples' discussions about climate change, specifically how they distance themselves from various dimensions related to climate issues. The study includes a pluridisciplinary analysis combining sociological, linguistic and semiotic approaches to process textual data collected in 2022 from six focus groups organised within local youth associations. This study focuses on 33 socially and economically diverse young people who joined a youth club. The paper explores the strategies employed by the respondents to distance themselves from climate change issues. It sheds light on various aspects related to climate distancing: How young people embody their vision of climate change through voice-switching, how societal norms and beliefs influence them, how they perceive the global impact of the changes, and how education plays a role in the issue of climate change. The study highlights the barriers, paradoxes and conflicts that hinder young people's active involvement in addressing climate change. It goes on to propose a set of recommendations aimed at transforming these barriers into actionable steps that can drive positive change. By identifying and addressing the contributing factors to climate distancing, this research offers potential pathways for empowering young people to become more engaged in the fight against climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reflecting on stressors from a detached perspective – a strategy known as distancing – can facilitate emotional recovery. Researchers have theorised that distancing works by enabling reappraisals of negative events, yet few studies have investigated specifically how distancing impacts stressor appraisals. In this experiment, we investigated how participants' (N = 355) emotional experience and appraisals of an interpersonal conflict differed depending on whether they wrote event-reflections from a linguistically immersed (first-person) or distanced (second/third-person) perspective. Partly replicating previous findings, distanced reflection predicted increases in positive affect, but not reductions in negative affect, relative to immersed reflection. Linguistic distancing also predicted increases in motivational congruence appraisals (i.e. perceived advantageousness of the event), but did not influence other appraisal dimensions. We discuss how linguistic distancing may facilitate emotional recovery by illuminating the benefits of stressful experiences, enabling people to "see the good in the bad". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Religación: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades is the property of Religacion: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In a process-ontological perspective, I consider some aspects of the ways in which human languaging enables persons to operate on and to actualize and de-actualize the modal potentials of their world. I examine Johanna Seibt's notion of functional individuals to show how some aspect of the world can be selected and differentiated and thus located in some region of space-time by a particular linguistic (or other) operation. Rather than referring to an already given and present actuality, utterances actualise and situate functional individuals to varying degrees of definiteness, specificity, realness, and so on in occasions of languaging and in texts. Wordings enable and scaffold de-coupled intentional-semantic registration that coordinate selves and the functional individuals that populate their world. With reference to the nominal group and criteria of Thinghood, I consider concrete particulars and functional stuffs in relation to the capacity of our languaging to activate selective aspects of the modal potentials of the processes that we encounter in the world. This requires a process-ontological account of the world on which and in which we act in and through languaging. Languaging functions to sensibilize us to different aspects of the modal potentials that it activates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on two elements of the Passover Seder ritual and their connection to Piagetian education theory. After outlining Piaget's theory of genetic epistemology and its implications for education theory, it focuses on Sigel's distancing theory, which touts question asking as a tool for presenting information to students. This paper argues that the Jewish ritual of the Passover Seder was formulated with such pedagogical methods in mind, especially as it concerns the role of questioning. This paper also discusses storytelling's importance as an effective tool in pedagogical instruction, and how the Passover Seder also takes advantage of that modality to make the ritual more impactful for educational purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determining the distributional characteristics of the rural settlement in the Asir Region is considered very crucial for supporting the settlement and regional development plans, whereas the rural settlement in Asir Region has a special character that was hugely affected by the natural environment conditions that formed the general traits of its personality. This study aims at identifying the distributional characteristics of the rural settlement in the Asir Region, which may be done by reviewing: their distribution, sizes, spacing, density, patterns, and factors affecting their distribution. In order to fulfill these objectives, a range of spatial analyses was focused on in the GIS environment, starting from spatial diffusion analyses that aim at detecting the pattern of the geographical distribution of rural settlement in the Asir Region, which included Standard Distance analyses and Directional Distribution, as well as density analyses to illustrate the extent of change in the distribution density of rural settlement through applying Kernel Density analysis. The use of spatial pattern analyses to monitor the dispersion pattern and spatial spread of rural settlement was also considered, whereas the (Average Nearest Neighbor) analysis was used. Within this scope, the study was divided into four main topics; whereas the first topic deals with the distributional picture of the structure of rural settlement in the Asir Region. The second topic discusses the size distribution and density of rural settlement, while the third topic deals with the natural and human geographical factors affecting the distribution of rural settlement. The fourth topic discusses spatial statistical analyses to study the pattern of the geographical distribution of rural settlement in the study area. The study recommends submitting the obtained results to the decisionmakers to be implemented in the settlement and regional development plans of the Asir Region in line with the Kingdom's Vision 2030. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Social distance is a term coined by Bogardus (1941) to describe the feelings and attitudes of people of one group towards another one. Social distance occurs when there is little understanding and familiarity between groups of people. Social distancing can be experienced and institutionalized at societal, group, and individual levels. When social distance is high, it is often accompanied by feelings of mistrust, fear, and apprehension. More than four decades have passed since the arrival of Afghan immigrants in Iran. The second-generation Afghan immigrants have a higher economic and social status than the first-generation immigrants. Reducing social distance is the prerequisite for the integration of immigrants in the host society. The present study aimed to analyze social distance among Afghan immigrants in Iran with a qualitative approach in order to answer the following questions: What understanding and interpretation do immigrants have of social distance and its processes in interaction with the host society? What are the mechanisms and processes in the formation of social distance between immigrants and the host society? Material and MethodsThis qualitative study used a constructivist grounded theory approach to investigate, explain, and understand the phenomenon or meanings that people create around their views, values, attitudes, experiences, life histories, and ways of being in the world. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 45 first- and second-generation immigrants in Tehran and Yazd cities. The participants were selected using purposive snowball sampling through contacts with trusted people among the immigrants and introductions by them. An effort was made to include a variety of people in the sample from the ages of 18 to 65 years with different residence statuses (having an Amayesh card, passport, and Iranian birth certificate due to marriage, as well as those without a residence card). In addition, such characteristics as gender, ethnicity, and generational status were taken into consideration. Lincoln and Guba’s criteria were used to evaluate and validate the categories. First, the member control technique was applied by taking the constructivist data analysis strategy. Based on this method, the research focused all its attention on the interpretation of the data. Instead of using the linear method, it used the circular method (continuous back and forth between data collection and analysis) to discover the common or contradictory themes. Discussion and Conclusion The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed by using theoretical identification at the three levels of initial, centralized, and theoretical coding, including Institutional distance, media distance, emotional distance, limited maximal level of aspirations, problematic sense of belonging, preferred intra-network interaction, marriage as a threat or opportunity, and individual context of distance. Finally, the core category of "two-way demarcation" was discovered, which covered all the 17 categories extracted from the analysis. The findings showed that the immigrants faced legal restrictions at the socio-economic and civil-political levels, which limited their access to citizenship rights. Alba and Nye (2003) state that through limited access to citizenship, systems of stratification, in which ethnic demarcations shape access to certain positions, can be perpetuated. The immigrants stated that they felt helpless against the law and a sense of distance from Iranian citizens and society. In other words, they experienced an emotional distance from the host society. Bogardus (1941) considers sympathy and mutual affection as the determinant elements of social-emotional distance. When they are manifested, there is closeness between two groups. Simmel (1971) states that immigrants can become emotionally detached from the host society when they enter it. This feeling of "strangeness" may be caused, at least in part, by the host society's attitude toward and treatment of strangers. This strange process depends on a distinct combination of the two opposing factors of closeness and distance, which Bogardus refers to as social distance. Social distance or social closeness is created through certain degrees of understanding, interaction, and intimacy in intergroup or interpersonal social relationships. The findings of this research showed the mechanism of social distancing. The distance created for Afghan immigrants in Iran could be observed through legal barriers, in the form of formal employment discrimination and a status limited to the lowest level of the job ladder, as well as educational restrictions and confined social services.

The modern social space is increasingly determined by the trends of digitalization. Today we can talk about such consequences of digitalization as the appearance of scattered identity and distancing – a new kind of socialization in the conditions of spatial separation and overcoming social deprivation and virtual transgression. These trends manifest themselves in all spheres – cultural, economic, political, etc. But at the same time, processes of a different kind are also taking place in the field of education: processes that represent a kind of inversion of the digitalization influence on our perception of the world, self-perception and the sphere of our everyday life. The article examines three such major trends and their inversions in the educational space of our time. 1. The tendency to eliminate the intermediary in the educational space leads to an opposite effect of multiplying intermediaries and awareness of teacher’s unavoidability as one of the main participants in education, both due to the complexity and inaccessibility for direct study of educational material and the fact that education is not based on transmission (in which the intermediary could theoretically be eliminated), but creation based on the phenomenon of meeting. 2. The transgressive tendency as “going beyond” and even erasing boundaries is transformed in the educational space into a tendency of distancing as a double movement of alienation (delineation) and inclusion (communion), in which the blurring of the boundary between the public and intimate, the space of self-organization in the order of the norm and the space of spontaneity, real and virtual, etc. is accompanied by the establishment of a new type of socialization in conditions of spatial disunity and social deprivation. 3. The appearance of a diffuse identity reinforced by the tendency to glocalization in the socio-political sphere and the transition to a transmedia narrative in the cultural and entertainment sphere, in the digital space of education is transformed into the possibility of self-actualization, self-expression, turning the modern educational space into a mythopoetic “world of all kinds” and anthropological singularity.

This work is focused on workforce scheduling for assembly lines with the additional constraint of workforce distancing. The aim is to warrant the necessary safety and health requirements due to COVID-19. The research stems within an industrial case in which a methodology has been developed with the objectives of i) developing a constraint optimization model considering the social distancing of workers as part of the workforce scheduling requirements and ii) investigating how the workforce distancing can affect certain production performances. Through an empirical investigation the impact of distancing on workforce allocation is appraised in terms of daily production capacity. Then, different distancing thresholds are assessed to seek the optimal balance among production performances and safety requirements. The research resulted in a tool able to adapt the scheduling sequence to those health/safety situations where the production manager needs to minimize losses in terms of production capacity, warranting the safest working conditions.

This article presents the living statues method as a prime medium in expressive art therapy and particularly in drama therapy. It describes the method, its specific characteristics and their meaning, and shows how a public performance can be a space for a creative, art-based, therapeutic process. Two vignettes from practice illustrate how the living statues method can be applied to work with teenagers with behavioral problems and the elderly. It also highlights the relationships between this nonverbal, creative, "body–mind–spirit" performance-oriented method and humanistic psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Immersive museum installations: a museographic challenge. Knowing the visitor’s experience to adapt the museum experience. Case study: the Musée National d’Art Moderne et Contemporain, Centre Georges-Pompidou. Installation art emerged in a climate of protest against the institution of the museum in the 1950s and 1960s. The works were therefore not originally intended to be exhibited in museums. Today, their integration into permanent collections presents multiple challenges relating to conservation, museography and mediation. The link between these issues is the public. This article, which is part of a larger research project conducted at the Musée National d’Art Moderne (MNAM) in 2019, aims to analyse the experience of young adult visitors to immersive museum installations through a qualitative study of audiences: How is their experience characterised? Are there different forms of immersion? What role can the wall label play in immersion ?

The present study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the revised Filial Maturity Measure (FMM) in a sample of Chinese adults and examine the influence of gender, age and life course transitions (i.e., marital status and having children or not) on various dimensions of filial maturity. In Study 1, according to a review of current literature, ten items of the FMM and eight supplementary items together form the initial item pool. Then confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted on a sample of 682 Chinese adults to screen valid items and verify the factorial structure. Two factors containing 10 items were obtained. Study 2 confirmed the adequacy of the two-factor structure using CFA in a second sample, and the internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, structural validity, discrimination validity, convergent validity, and measurement invariance of the scale had been verified. The results showed that the two-factor measure of comprehending (6 items) and distancing (4 items) is valid and reliable and can therefore be used to measure the filial maturity of Chinese adults of different genders and ages. Additionally, filial maturity had a positive relation with having children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study proposes a new method to more effectively plan the use of beaches by combining indices and artificial vision systems. The Overcrowding Index (I ocr) measures the number of people on the beach in relation to its surface area, while the Distancing Index (I dis) evaluates the spatial distribution and distance between beachgoers. Both indices are combined to generate an overall index called the Occupancy Index (I ocu). The proposed methodology uses cameras and computer vision algorithms such as YOLOX and ByteTrack to automate the counting of people and measure distances. This allows for continuous monitoring of the quantity (carrying capacity and density) and distribution of beachgoers (degree of social distancing), as well as a functional prototype in which the indices are calculated in real time. It was observed that as density increased, Iocr showed an inverse trend, being close to 0 when approaching maximum density. The calculation of the distance between groups validated that, even with medium densities, close to the shoreline, the reference distance of 2 m was not accomplished, obtaining a very low I dis (0.18). The resulting I ocu was 0.31, validating the appropriate integration of both indices. Overall, the system's effectiveness for accurately monitoring the number of users and their distribution, and calculating the defined indices for beach management, is demonstrated. The proposed approach provides a valuable tool, allowing a more efficient management of beaches according to their actual occupancy and user distribution. [Display omitted] • Users position themselves at a maximum distance from the shoreline regardless of the beach's width. • Beach overcrowding is reached in July and August between 10-13h and 17–19h. • Despite not occupying the entire beach surface, distancing is less than recommended. • The proposed methodology applies to any type of beach and season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Данная статья посвящена исследованию особенностей функционирования коннектора дистанцирования en tout cas в современном французском языке. В нашем исследовании мы опираемся на работы ученых Женевской лингвистической школы, разработавших теорию коннекторов.Материалом исследования послужили произведения художественной литературы 19–20 веков. На основе корпуса примеров, полученного методом сплошной выборки, мы выявили и описали основные семантические и прагматические характеристики интересующего нас коннектора.В данной работе мы рассмотрели основные контексты употребления данного коннектора и представили некоторые различия между монологовым и диалоговым употреблениями коннектора en tout cas. Данный коннектор встречается в контексте выражения собственного мнения и волеизъявления, основным признаком чего является модальность, выражающая различные отношения между говорящим лицом, содержанием высказывания и действительностью. Проведенное исследование позволило нам выявить специфику en tout cas, которая заключается в том, что первое высказывание представляет собой неуверенное утверждение, справедливость которого может вызвать сомнение у собеседника или у самого говорящего, в связи с этим в первую формулировку точки зрения вносится поправка, ограничивающая справедливость защищаемой точки зрения более узкой областью. В диалоге данный коннектор может функционировать как коннектор возражения.

This work is focused on workforce scheduling for assembly lines with the additional constraint of workforce distancing. The aim is to warrant the necessary safety and health requirements due to COVID-19. The research stems within an industrial case in which a methodology has been developed with the objectives of i) developing a constraint optimization model considering the social distancing of workers as part of the workforce scheduling requirements and ii) investigating how the workforce distancing can affect certain production performances. Through an empirical investigation the impact of distancing on workforce allocation is appraised in terms of daily production capacity. Then, different distancing thresholds are assessed to seek the optimal balance among production performances and safety requirements. The research resulted in a tool able to adapt the scheduling sequence to those health/safety situations where the production manager needs to minimize losses in terms of production capacity, warranting the safest working conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are central and serve in the frontlines when epidemics threaten public health. Thus, certain communities may be hardest hit by these challenges. Interventions supporting HCWs are important, and to develop these, understanding their experiences is essential. Aim: To explore how HCWs in Norwegian public in-home services experienced work during the COVID-19 pandemic over time. Method: A longitudinal qualitative study with two data collections approximately one year apart (2021 and 2022) was performed. Individual interviews were conducted with HCWs. Results: The analysis resulted in six main themes: Changing everything, Redefining 'necessary tasks', Distancing and loneliness, Cooperation and coordination, More infections and fewer worries and Lessons for the future. These indicate capabilities and processes, how they are evolving over time, and outcomes. The first two themes focus on the first period of the pandemic, the next two on the ongoing intermediate period, and the final two cover the last period. Conclusion: The HCWs' narratives have demonstrated their collective coping based on adaptive and transformative capacities. Further, they have enlisted experienced social resilience in their strategies for coping with the COVID-19 challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has brought forth conversations about effective behavior change models for increasing prevention behavior, ranging from wearing masks in public to physical distancing. Among the considered behavior change techniques is the use of fear appeals, through which a negative possible outcome is emphasized to invoke fear, which in turn may promote prevention behaviors to counter the likelihood of the negative outcome. Although fear is hypothesized as health promoting in some theories of health behavior, little research has rigorously assessed the relationship. Objective: In our exploratory analyses, we aim to examine the association, including directionality of the association between fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 prevention behaviors across 2 time points during the early COVID-19 pandemic among a sample of US women. Methods: The COPE study, a web-based survey of US women's COVID-19 experiences, was deployed in May-June 2020 (time 1) with follow-up in December 2020-January 2021 (time 2; n=200). Demographic characteristics as well as fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 prevention behaviors (eg, staying home except for essential activities, physical distancing in public, and masking in public) were measured. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were used to characterize COVID-19 prevention behaviors and fear of COVID-19 among participants. Cross-lagged panel analysis, a type of structural equation modeling that assesses directionality of temporal associations, was used to understand relationships, if any, between variables of interest. Results: We found cross-sectional associations between fear of COVID-19 and staying home and physical distancing, as well as temporal associations between fear at time 1 and time 2 and prevention behaviors at time 1 and time 2. However, results of the cross-lagged panel analysis indicated no cross-lagged temporal relationships between fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 prevention behaviors 6 months apart. Conclusions: Fear of COVID-19 did not appear to predict COVID-19 prevention behaviors 6 months after initial measurements among the sample of women recruited for our study. Future research should rigorously test these associations longitudinally, and alternative methods of public health prevention promotion should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a recent corpus drawn from the French-speaking written press, this article deals with a dimension of euphemisms that has been little taken into account by research: their close links with the reported speech. Specifically, the focus is on cases where journalists do not assume the euphemisms they report, mentioning them in the form of « textual islets ». After deepening the relationship between the notions of euphemism and textual islet, the study examines the marks of otherness of the latter, as well as its effects of divergent polyphony. The enunciative discordances and the confrontations of points of view associated with such a divergent polyphony are then analysed. Particularly, we show how depending on the context it manifests a reservation, a disapproval or a rejection of journalists about the euphemisms mentioned. Finally, the article identifies the main motivations that lead the press speech to resort to polyphonic textual islets in its critical treatment of euphemisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modern space is increasingly determined by the trends of digitalization. Today we can talk about such consequences of digitalization as the appearance of scattered identity and distancing – a new kind of socialization in the conditions of spatial separation and overcoming social deprivation and virtual transgression. These trends manifest themselves in all spheres – cultural, economic, political, etc. But at the same time, processes of a different kind are also taking place in the field of education: processes that represent a kind of inversion of the main trends of the influence of digitalization on our perception of the world, self-perception and the sphere of our everyday life. The article examines three such major trends and their inversions in the educational space of our time: 1. the tendency characteristic of digitalization to eliminate the intermediary in the educational space leads to the opposite effect of multiplying intermediaries and awareness of the teacher's unavoidability as one of the main participants in education, both due to the complexity and inaccessibility for direct study of educational material, and due to the fact that education is not based on transmission (in which the intermediary could theoretically be eliminated), but creation based on the phenomenon of meeting; 2. the transgressive tendency as "going beyond" and even erasing boundaries is transformed in the educational space into a tendency of distancing as a double movement of alienation (delineation) and inclusion (communion), in which the blurring of the boundary between the public and intimate, the space of self-organization in the order of the norm and the space of spontaneity, real and virtual, etc. is accompanied by the establishment of a new type of socialization in conditions of spatial disunity and social deprivation; 3. the tendency to the appearance of a diffuse identity, reinforced by the tendency to glocalization in the socio-political sphere and the transition to a transmedia narrative in the cultural and entertainment sphere, in the digital space of education is transformed into the possibility of self-actualization, self-expression, turning the modern educational space into a mythopoetical "world of all kinds" and anthropological singularity.