8 results on '"dormance des graines"'
Search Results
2. Heteromorphic seed germination and seedling emergence in the legume Teramnus labialis (L.f.) Spreng (Fabacaeae)
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Aurora Pérez, José Carlos Lorenzo, Marcos Edel Martínez-Montero, Doris Escalante, Yanier Acosta, Lianny Pérez, Lina Qadir Ahmed, Sershen, Dayamí Fontes, Universidad de Ciego de Avila (UNICA), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and University of the Western Cape
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0106 biological sciences ,[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,animal feed ,dormance des graines ,alimentation animale ,legumes ,Plant Science ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,légumineuses ,Botany ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Legume ,2. Zero hunger ,couleur des graines ,Ecology ,biology ,seed dormancy ,fixation d’azote ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,crops ,cultures ,Seedling ,Germination ,nitrogen fixation ,Teramnus labialis ,seed color ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
International audience; Seed heteromorphism can influence germination and ultimately seedling establishment, particularly in disturbed habitats. This study compared seed and seedling traits across three distinctly colored seed morphs (viz. light-brown, brown, and dark-brown) of the forage legume, Teramnus labialis (L.f.) Spreng. The best quality seeds (i.e., un-parasitized, filled and un-cracked) were brown: 389.3 quality seeds per 1000 units compared with
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- 2020
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3. The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 147. Onopordum acanthium L.
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Cavers, Paul B., Qaderi, Mirwais M., Threadgill, Paul F., and Steel, Marion G.
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SCOTCH thistle ,WEEDS ,PLANT diseases ,PARASITES - Abstract
The article presents the biology of the Canadian weed Onopordum acanthium L. It is described as a biennials whose seedlings consist of a relatively large, fleshy and sparsely branched which is surmounted by a pair of 1.25-2 cm long, glabrous entire cotyledons that are pale green with whitish venation. It refers to Onopordum acanthium as a strongly competitive species that infests small grain fields in Nevada and northeastern California. It indicates its response to herbivory such as mammals and birds, disease and higher plant parasites.
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- 2011
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4. Deep complex morphophysiological dormancy in Sanicula europaea (Apiaceae) fits a recurring pattern of dormancy types in genera with an Arcto-Tertiary distribution.
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Vandelook, F. and Van Assche, J. A.
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SANICULA , *SEED dormancy , *UMBELLIFERAE , *GERMINATION , *SEED physiology , *PLANT embryology , *PLANT phylogeny , *RELICTS (Biology) - Abstract
Genus Sanicula encompasses about 40 species, mainly from temperate deciduous forests and exhibiting an Arcto-Tertiary relict distribution. It has previously been shown that stasis in physiological traits, such as seed dormancy, can occur in genera with an Arcto-Tertiary disjunct distribution. The aim of this study was to determine the requirements for dormancy break and seed germination in the Eurasian woodland herb Sanicula europaea L. Comparing our results with other Apiaceae in a phylogenetic and biogeographic framework enables us to determine whether stasis in seed dormancy has occurred in Sanicula. Experiments under natural conditions showed that the embryo elongates within the seed during winter, when temperatures are low. Seeds of S. europaea germinated immediately after growth of the embryo was completed, and seedlings subsequently emerged when temperatures had risen in spring. A series of tests under temperature-controlled conditions revealed that growth of the embryo and physiological dormancy break occur simultaneously at low temperatures (5 °C), irrespective of a pre-treatment at high temperatures. These results contrast with the dormancy traits of several eastern North American Sanicula species, which presumably require a high temperature pre-treatment before chilling becomes effective. This geographical distribution pattern of seed dormancy traits has also been established independently in several other Arcto-Tertiary relict genera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2008
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5. Mapping of a major locus controlling seed dormancy using backcrossed progenies in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
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Torada, Atsushi, Koike, Michiya, Ikeguchi, Shojiro, and Tsutsui, Ichiro
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DORMANCY in plants , *DORMANCY (Biology) , *PLANT gene mapping , *SEED development ,WHEAT genetics - Abstract
Seed dormancy is an important factor regulating preharvest sprouting (PHS) but is a complex trait for genetic analysis. We previously identified a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) controlling seed dormancy on the long arm of chromosome 4A (4AL) in common wheat. To transfer the QTL from the dormant lines ‘OS21-5’ and ‘Leader’ into the Japanese elite variety ‘Haruyokoi’, which has an insufficient level of seed dormancy, backcrossing was carried out through marker-assisted selection (MAS) using PCR-based codominant markers. Nineteen BC5F2 plants with homozygous alleles of ‘OS21-5’ or ‘Haruyokoi’ were developed and evaluated for seed dormancy under greenhouse conditions. The seeds harvested from plants with ‘OS21-5’ alleles showed a clearly high level of dormancy compared with seeds from plants with ‘Haruyokoi’ alleles. Additionally, the dormancy phenotype of BC3F3 seeds harvested from 128 BC3F2 plants with homozygous alleles of ‘Leader’ or ‘Haruyokoi’ showed a clear difference between these alleles. The QTL on 4AL confers a major gene, Phs1, which was mapped within a 2.6 cM region. The backcrossed lines developed in this study can be important sources for improving PHS resistance in Japanese wheat and for analyzing the mechanism of seed dormancy. MAS was useful for the development of near-isogenic lines in this complex trait, to facilitate the molecular dissection of genetic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2008
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6. Seed characteristics of the invasive alien vine Vincetoxicum rossicum are affected by site, harvest date, and storage duration.
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di Tommaso, Antonio, Brainard, Daniel C., and Webster, Bradley R.
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VINA , *ASCLEPIADOIDEAE , *GENTIANALES , *POLYEMBRYONY , *PLANT embryology , *EMBRYOLOGY - Abstract
The alien vine Vincetoxicum rossicum (Kleopow) Barbar. (Asclepiadaceae) is a major concern in natural areas of the Lower Great Lakes Basin. Reproduction in this perennial occurs largely by polyembryonic seeds that mature from August to November. Many seeds produced in autumn germinate the following spring, but the germinability of seeds produced in late summer is unknown. The influence of parent plant light environment on seed characteristics in this species is also poorly understood. We examined the characteristics of V. rossicum seeds harvested in late August and early November 2002 from three habitats in central New York State, USA, differing in light availability. Site had a significant effect on seed weight and germination percentage, but not on the number of embryos germinating per seed or radicle length. Seeds produced in the shaded habitat in August weighed significantly more and had lower germin ability than seeds produced in an adjacent open habitat, but this was not observed in a second open habitat. The probability of germination decreased with seed size for seeds ranging from 2 to 8 mg. For the open sites, fresh seeds produced in August had approximately double the germination percentages of those produced in November. However, for all sites, germination following 18 weeks of cold storage was greatest for seeds harvested in November. The probability of multiple embryos germinating was influenced by seed weight. The nature of this relationship varied by site, but not by harvest date or storage duration. Larger seed size resulted in longer total radicle length after 7 d, regardless of site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2005
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7. Seed dormancy and consequences for direct tree seeding
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Frochot, H., Balandier, P., Sourisseau, A., Laboratoire d'Etudes des Ressources Forêt-Bois (LERFoB), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier (PIAF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Ecosystèmes forestiers (UR EFNO), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and Independent Landscaper
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[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,FORET ,SEED ,DIRECT SEEDING ,LEVEE DE DORMANCE ,[SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy ,DORMANCE ,DORMANCE DES GRAINES ,REBOISEMENT ,ARBRE FORESTIER ,ARBRE ,[SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry ,[SDV.SA.STA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of agriculture ,PLANTATION ,EXPERIMENTATION ,TEMPERATURE ,DORMANCY ,SEMIS DIRECT ,[SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics ,TREE ,GRAINE ,DISPOSITIF EXPERIMENTAL ,EAU ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,AFFORESTATION ,GERMINATION - Abstract
International audience; Direct tree seeding was used in the past in afforestation and has nowadays a renewed interest due to its potential low cost, better tree seedling establishment and easiness to use in comparison with tree plantation. However many problems must still be solved before its full development. Seeds of forest trees are frequently dormant when harvested or after a period of storage and their germination needs the release of dormancy, either by exposition to natural climate, or by artificial means when known. Tree dormancy feature was studied in a controlled experiment in nursery in Nancy for 20 different common species in East of France, corresponding to 3 successional stages after field abandonment: thorny shrubs, pioneer fruit trees and forest trees. No prepared seeds were sown either in spring or in autumn, buried or not into the soil and watered or not, each modality being replicated 4 times. Tree emergence and growth were regularly recorded during 3 years. For most species best emergence rates were recorded one or two years after a sowing in spring, meaning that they need several months of exposure to natural conditions to release from dormancy. Results are discussed relative to the technique of direct tree seeding.
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- 2009
8. Histoire culturale de la Crau : potentialités de ré-établissement des espèces caractéristiques du coussous après abandon
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Thierry Dutoit, Peter Poschlod, Christiane Rolando, Markus Bernhardt, Christine Römermann, ProdInra, Migration, Unité mixte de recherche Ecologie des invertébrés (UAPV), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Avignon Université (AU)
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geography.geographical_feature_category ,Ecology ,Soil seed bank ,Steppe ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Forestry ,dormance des graines ,Brachypodium retusum ,successions végétales secondaires ,cultures melonnières et céréalières ,banque de graines ,Vegetation ,BANQUE DE GRAINE ,Steppe vegetation ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Vegetation types ,Geography ,seed dormancy ,melon cultivation ,cereal cultivation ,succession ,seed bank ,Grazing ,Ruderal species ,sud france ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Vegetation sampling - Abstract
In Europe, the present landscape has been mainly influenced by human activities. Especially for dry semi-natural grasslands, agricultural intensification led to a considerable habitat loss and fagmentation. In the Crau, large parts of the former 60,000 ha semi-natural steppe vegetation (coussous) have been transformed into arable, industrial and military land during the 20th century. However, in the 1980s, most of the cereal and melon fields have been abandoned and sheep grazing has been reintroduced. The current study investigates the effects of historical melon and cereal cultivation on the steppe vegetation and the potential of characteristic coussous species to re-establish after abandonment. At four sites of central Crau, vegetation sampling has been carried out on the different vegetation types (coussous, melon and cereal fllows) using the frequency method. Soil samples were taken and analysed. At one site, seed bank studies were performed. As related to seed bank persistence, dormancy traits were examined for 26 characteristic steppe species. Decades after abandonment, the vegetation of coussous, abandoned cereal and abandoned melon fields are still very different from each other : Due to former fertiliser application, ex-cultivated cereal and melon fields still showed enhanced nutrient levels (N, P, K, Ca, pH). The seed bank of the coussous is dominated by transient species while abandoned field seed banks are dominated by persistent seeds of ruderal species. The germination studies confirmed the absence of dormancy mechanisms for seeds of most coussous species. The successful reestablishment of coussous species in abandoned fields seemed to be hampered by still modified abiotic conditions. More, most coussous species do not build up a persistent soil seed bank and can, therefore, not survive cultivation periods. Species dispersal between coussous and adjacent ex-cultivated fields appeared to be a limiting fctor, too. For following studies complete species lists of ex-cultivated fields and the coussous are provided, En Europe, les paysages actuels ont été en grande partie influencés par les activités humaines. Ainsi, pour les paysages de pelouses sèches, l'intensification des pratiques agricoles a entraîné une perte considérable et une fragmentation importante des habitats. Dans la plaine de Crau, de grandes zones de la steppe semi-naturelle (coussous) ont été transformées en surfaces cultivées, industrielles et militaires durant le XXe siècle. Cependant, dans les années 80, la plupart des cultures de céréales et de melons ont été abandonnées au profit d'un retour au pâturage ovin. Le présent travail a pour objectif de rechercher, d'une part, les effets des cultures de melons et de céréales anciennes sur la végétation steppique et, d'autre part, les potentialités de ré-établissement dans les fiches des espèces steppiques les plus caractéristiques. Dans quatre sites du centre de la Crau, la végétation a été échantillonnée dans différents types de parcelles (coussous, fiches melonnières et céréalières) par la méthode des quadrats. Des échantillons de sol ont également été prélevés et analysés. Pour un site, la banque de graines a été étudiée. En liaison avec la viabilité de la banque de graines dans le sol, les traits biologiques relatifs à la dormance ont été examinés pour 26 espèces caractéristiques de la steppe. Quelques décennies après l'abandon cultural, la végétation des coussous, fiches melonnières et céréalières est très différente. Suite à l'épandage d'engrais et à des labours profonds, les fiches melonnières et céréalières possèdent des teneurs supérieures en éléments minéraux (N, P205, K2 0, CaO). La banque de graines du coussous est dominée par des espèces à viabilité transitoire ( 5 ans) d'espèces rudérales. Les tests de germination confirment l'absence de dormance pour la plupart des espèces du coussous. Le ré-établissement des espèces du coussous dans les champs abandonnés semble ralenti par des changements dans les conditions abiotiques. La plupart des espèces du coussous ne possèdent pas de banque de graines, et donc, ces espèces ne peuvent pas survivre à des périodes de cultures. Les processus de dissémination des espèces entre les coussous et les champs anciennement cultivés apparaissent également comme un facteur limitant. Pour des études futures, des listes complètes d'espèces des fiches et des coussous sont fournies en annexes., Römermann Christine, Bernhardt Markus, Dutoit Thierry, Poschlod Peter, Rolando Christiane. Histoire culturale de la Crau : potentialités de ré-établissement des espèces caractéristiques du coussous après abandon. In: Ecologia mediterranea, tome 30 n°1, 2004. Biologie de la conservation et gestion des espaces naturels en Crau / Biological conservation and management of the natural areas in the Crau. pp. 47-70.
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- 2004
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