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Background: Pregnant women taking prenatal care is vital for the health of the mother and the fetus. The duration of pregnancies provides a useful measure of a woman's natural length of pregnancy and may help in predicting an individual woman's due date. The objective of this study was to understand the factors affecting the duration of gestation among women taking prenatal care in Gondar referral hospital, Ethiopia. Methods: A quantitative research design using secondary data available in the form of antenatal care (ANC) cards in the Gondar teaching referral hospital data set. Kaplan–Meier estimate was used to explain the median survival time of duration of gestation. A multivariate AFT model was performed to identify the factors related to the duration of gestation among women. Results: The mean time of the length of pregnancy was 39.5 weeks. The factors such as, the age of women, number of children, number of doctor consultations, and the stage of gestation were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05) for the survival time of time to birth of pregnant women in Ethiopia. Weibull AFT model was found to be the best model for predicting the time to birth of pregnant women in Ethiopia. Conclusion: We did not see associations between length of gestation and blood pressure and bleeding during early pregnancy. We also did not find an association with the presence of disease, which has been associated with the length of pregnancy. The frequency of visiting a doctor during the gestation period enhances the length of the gestation period. The shorter gestation period from the due date is dangerous to the health of both mother and her fetus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Pregnant women taking prenatal care is vital for the health of the mother and the fetus. The duration of pregnancies provides a useful measure of a woman's natural length of pregnancy and may help in predicting an individual woman's due date. The objective of this study was to understand the factors affecting the duration of gestation among women taking prenatal care in Gondar referral hospital, Ethiopia. Methods A quantitative research design using secondary data available in the form of antenatal care (ANC) cards in the Gondar teaching referral hospital data set. Kaplan–Meier estimate was used to explain the median survival time of duration of gestation. A multivariate AFT model was performed to identify the factors related to the duration of gestation among women. Results The mean time of the length of pregnancy was 39.5 weeks. The factors such as, the age of women, number of children, number of doctor consultations, and the stage of gestation were found to be statistically significant (p

Abstract Background Preterm birth (PTB,

Introduction: Preterm labour is a serious pregnancy complication that is the primary cause of infant mortality, with detrimental impacts on the offspring and the mother in the short as well as the long term. This study aims to comprehensively present the time trends of national preterm birth rates (PBRs) in Greece., Methods: Official national data regarding live births in Greece were acquired from the Hellenic Statistical Authority, and the annual total PBR and rates for gestational age groups were computed per 100 total live births spanning from 1980 to 2022. Time trends were analyzed through joinpoint regression analysis, and annual percent changes (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) were calculated with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI)., Results: Following a steady decline from 4.66% in 1980 to a historic low of 2.77% in 1991 with an APC of -5.1 (-6.2 to -4.2), the PBR exhibited a dramatic increase during 1991-2011 with an APC of 7.3 (6.9 to 7.8). Subsequently, between 2011 and 2022, the rise in PBR was attenuated, showing a slight statistically non-significant upward trend (APC = 0.5, 95% CI: -0.6 to 1.5). This led to a historical high of 12.07% in 2018, 4.4 times higher than that in 1991, and eventually, the PBR reached 11.90% in 2022. From 1991 to 2022, there were sharper increases in the rates of moderate (32-33 weeks) and late (34-36 weeks) preterm births, with AAPCs of 4.9 (3.5-6.4) and 5.8 (5.3-6.3), respectively. In contrast, the rates of extremely (<28 weeks) and very (28-31 weeks) preterm births saw slower growth, with AAPCs of 2.2 (1.7-2.7) and 0.7 (0.5-1.0), respectively., Conclusion: The PBR in Greece more than quadrupled during 1991-2022, mainly due to increases in moderate and late preterm births. Although its rise has markedly decelerated since 2011, amidst the country's economic recession, the PBR is alarmingly higher than those in all other European and developed nations. More than one in nine neonates is born prematurely in the Greek population, posing challenges in implementing evidence-based prevention strategies and perinatal care., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Vlachadis et al.)

Abstract Background Evidence suggests the possible impact of ambient high temperature on fetal growth and birth outcomes. However, little is known about the relative impact of exposure to heat and cold and the possible vulnerable window during pregnancy. Methods Data on a total of 237,585 pregnant women from January 1st, 2001 to December 31st, 2010 were acquired from the Queensland Health, Australia. Daily data on meteorological factors, including ambient temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, and air pollutants, such as PM10, SO2, NO2, and O3, were obtained from relevant government agencies. This study was to examine the associations of maternal exposure to ambient temperature (high and low temperatures, in early vs. late pregnancy) with the duration of gestation and birth weight. Results A J-shaped association between minimum temperature at conception and duration of gestation was observed after adjusting for seasonality and other confounders. Compared to women who were exposed to the minimum temperature of 15–20 °C in the first gestational week, exposure to the minimum temperature of > 20 °C significantly increased the duration of gestation by 0.029 weeks (95% CI: 0.008, 0.049). A cumulative effect was found when exposure across the first four weeks was examined. There was an inverted U-shaped relationship between minimum temperature at delivery and the duration of gestation. Compared to women exposed to 15–20 °C, exposure to minimum temperature of > 20 °C and ≤ 10 °C was associated with a shortened gestation by 0.030 weeks (95% CI: -0.052, − 0.008) and 0.018 weeks (95% CI: -0.057, − 0.004), respectively. By contrast, an inverse relationship between maximum temperature and birth weight was observed. Compared to exposure to the maximum temperature of > 30 °C in the last week of pregnancy, maternal exposure to 20–25 °C and

Background: Preterm birth (PTB, < 37 completed weeks' gestation) is one of the global public health concerns. Epidemiologic evidence on the potential impact of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on PTB is still limited and inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the associations between prenatal PFAS exposure and PTB among singleton live births.Methods: We studied 2849 mother-infant pairs in the Shanghai Birth Cohort (SBC) from 2013 to 2016. Ten PFAS in maternal plasma in early pregnancy (gestational age, median (interquartile range): 15 (13-16) weeks) were measured. Primary outcomes were duration of gestation, PTB, spontaneous PTB and clinically indicated PTB. A linear regression model was used to assess the associations between ln-transformed PFAS and duration of gestation (in weeks). Logistic regression models were applied to estimate the relative risks of these outcomes.Results: The incidence of overall PTB was 4.8% (95% confidence limit: 4.0-5.6%, n = 136) in this study population. In the linear regression analyses, PFAS were not associated with the duration of gestation after controlling for potential confounders. In the multiple logistic models, no significant associations were observed between PFAS and overall PTB, spontaneous or indicated PTB.Conclusion: In this prospective cohort study, we did not observe significant associations between maternal plasma PFAS concentrations in early pregnancy and gestational length, overall PTB, spontaneous or indicated PTB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are structurally diverse unconjugated glycans, and play crucial roles in protecting infants from infections. Preterm birth is one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality, and preterm infants are particularly vulnerable and are in need of improved outcomes from breast-feeding due to the presence of bioactive HMOs. However, studies on specific difference in HMOs as a function of gestation time have been very limited. We established an approach to extract and analyze HMOs based on 96-well plate extraction and mass spectrometry, and determined maternal phenotypes through distinctive fragments in product-ion spectra. We enrolled 85 women delivering at different gestation times (25–41 weeks), and observed different HMOs correlating with gestation time based on 233 samples from the 85 donors. With the increase of postpartum age, we observed a regular changing trajectory of HMOs in composition and relative abundance, and found significant differences in HMOs secreted at different postpartum times. Preterm delivery induced more variations between participants with different phenotypes compared with term delivery, and more HMOs varied with postpartum age in the population of secretors. The sialylation level in mature milk decreased for women delivering preterm while such decrease was not observed for women delivering on term. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Longer gestation at term and post-term age is associated with increased perinatal mortality. Nonetheless, recent neuroimaging studies indicated that longer gestation is also associated with better functioning of the child's brain. to assess whether longer gestation in term and post-term (in short: term) singletons is associated with better infant neurodevelopment. cross-sectional observational study. Participants were all singleton term infants (n = 1563) aged 2–18 months of the IMP-SINDA project that collected normative data for the Infant Motor Profile (IMP) and Standardized Infant NeuroDevelopmental Assessment (SINDA). The group was representative of the Dutch population. Total IMP score was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were atypical total IMP scores (scores <15th percentile) and SINDA's neurological and developmental scores. Duration of gestation had a quadratic relationship with IMP and SINDA developmental scores. IMP scores were lowest at a gestation of 38·5 weeks, SINDA developmental scores at 38·7 weeks. Next, both scores increased with increasing duration of gestation. Infants born at 41–42 weeks had significantly less often atypical IMP scores (adjusted OR [95 % CI]: 0·571 [0·341–0·957] and atypical SINDA developmental scores (adjusted OR: 0·366 [0·195–0·688]) than infants born at 39–40 weeks. Duration of gestation was not associated with SINDA's neurological score. In term singleton infants representative of the Dutch population longer gestation is associated with better infant neurodevelopment scores suggesting better neural network efficiency. Longer gestation in term infants is not associated with atypical neurological scores. • Longer gestation at term is associated with better Infant Motor Profile scores. • Longer gestation at term is associated with better SINDA developmental scores. • Longer gestation at term is not associated with SINDA neurological scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to political and economic changes in East Germany in 1989 the animal population decreased drastically. The number of breeding sows decreased from 870.000 in 1989 to 459.00 in 2010. The time factor and animal welfare became key issues for the pig production. Following this individual farm systems were developed and the weaning, insemination and farrowing dates for the group farrowing system have been controlled. The insemination rate increased to 95%. The increased usage of production and zoo technical stimulation measures leaded to decrease of reproduction biologicals. Especially the heat synchronization of the gilts and partial induction of parturition was emphasized. Selective breeding measures next to improvement in the herd health management led to partial changes in the oestrus cycle of the sows. Shorter weaning to insemination intervals, a 3 week lactation period combined with an unexpected elongation of the gestation in high performance sows provoked a change of the production concept according to the "all in all out" principle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Breastfeeding is the ideal nutrition method for healthy growth and development of infants. In this retrospective study it was aimed to investigate the socio-demographic factors affecting the breastfeeding status in the neonatal period. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 121 babies, who regularly attended the "Well Baby Clinic", and records of the children were reviewed retrospectively. The sociodemographic characteristics of parents, duration of gestation, birth weight of children, and feeding regimen on the 15th days were recorded. All statistical data were analyzed using SPSS 13.0 for Windows program. Statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. Results: Of the infants who were included in the study, 49.6% were female (60), and 50.4% (61) were male. The mean age of the mothers and fathers was 27.5±5.1 (17-40) and 32.1±5.5 (23-51) years, respectively. Sixty-three of the children (77) were born by cesarean section. Of the infants 79.3% (96) were given exclusively breast milk, whereas 20.7% (25) were given formula with breast milk. The exclusive breastfeeding rate was lower among mothers who had babies less than 2500 g (p=0.010). Duration of pregnancy was shorter in "partially-breastfed" babies (p=0.002). There was no statistically significant relation between sociodemographic factors and breastfeeding status (p>0.05). Conclusion: These data suggest that breast-feeding initiation in the neonatal period is affected by the factors such as duration of pregnancy and birth weight. It is concluded that to prevent premature births and determine the causes of low birth weight and taking the necessary measures may play an important role in increasing exclusively breastfeeding in the neonatal period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We related perinatal outcome and quality of prenatal care between 1972 and 1980 to WIC benefits to pregnant women among 11 154 673 births in 1392 counties in 19 states and the District of Columbia, adjusted for time change and between-county variability. WIC was associated with increased first trimester prenatal care (4.1%, p < 0.001), decreased inadequate prenatal care (-5.0%, p < 0.001), longer duration of gestation (0.20 d, p < 0.05), decreased preterm delivery (-0.92%, p < 0.05) and increased birth weight (23 g, p < 0.01). After autocorrelation was accounted for, significance levels for birth weight and frequency of preterm delivery were 0.05 < p < 0. 10. Including counties with incomplete time series data, the estimated effect on birth weight was 23.9 g (p = 0.004) and on decreased fetal mortality was -2.3/1000 (p = 0.04). Among those with < 12 y schooling, whites had a 1.8% reduction in preterm birth (p < 0.05) and blacks a 2.0% reduction (p < 0.05). The estimated effect on birth weight for less-educated whites was 46.6 g (p < 0.001). The predominant effects of WIC were on improved physiologic status of the mother and fetus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The effects of day of mating and litter size on gestation length in dogs were studied in 36 beagle bitches (age 2–10 yr). The day that plasma progesterone concentrations exceeded 2ng/mL was considered the day of ovulation; dogs were randomly assigned to be bred once, 1–5 days after the estimated day of ovulation. The interval from mating to parturition was negatively correlated with the number of days from estimated ovulation to mating (P <0.01). Gestation length (interval from ovulation to parturition) was almost constant at 63.9±0.2 days (mean±S.E.M.), with no significant relationship between the number of fetuses and the duration of gestation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Evidence suggests the possible impact of ambient high temperature on fetal growth and birth outcomes. However, little is known about the relative impact of exposure to heat and cold and the possible vulnerable window during pregnancy.Methods: Data on a total of 237,585 pregnant women from January 1st, 2001 to December 31st, 2010 were acquired from the Queensland Health, Australia. Daily data on meteorological factors, including ambient temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, and air pollutants, such as PM10, SO2, NO2, and O3, were obtained from relevant government agencies. This study was to examine the associations of maternal exposure to ambient temperature (high and low temperatures, in early vs. late pregnancy) with the duration of gestation and birth weight.Results: A J-shaped association between minimum temperature at conception and duration of gestation was observed after adjusting for seasonality and other confounders. Compared to women who were exposed to the minimum temperature of 15-20 °C in the first gestational week, exposure to the minimum temperature of > 20 °C significantly increased the duration of gestation by 0.029 weeks (95% CI: 0.008, 0.049). A cumulative effect was found when exposure across the first four weeks was examined. There was an inverted U-shaped relationship between minimum temperature at delivery and the duration of gestation. Compared to women exposed to 15-20 °C, exposure to minimum temperature of > 20 °C and ≤ 10 °C was associated with a shortened gestation by 0.030 weeks (95% CI: -0.052, - 0.008) and 0.018 weeks (95% CI: -0.057, - 0.004), respectively. By contrast, an inverse relationship between maximum temperature and birth weight was observed. Compared to exposure to the maximum temperature of > 30 °C in the last week of pregnancy, maternal exposure to 20-25 °C and < 20 °C significantly increased birth weight by 0.011 kg (95% CI: 0.008, 0.018) and 0.018 kg (95% CI: 0.010, 0.031), respectively. Similarly, a mild cumulative effect was observed when maximum temperature exposure across the four weeks before delivery was evaluated.Conclusions: The finding emphasized the importance of keeping an optimal temperature range during pregnancy for reducing the risk of preterm birth and low birthweight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]