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The dissemination of evidence-based practice in German physiotherapy is limited by several barriers. However, a recent study shows that some German physiotherapists are already successfully implementing such a practice. Based on Everett M. Rogers’ diffusion of innovations theory, this study defined evidence-based practice as an innovation in German physiotherapy to gain insight into therapists’ strategies to overcome these barriers.

Dockless bike-sharing schemes have become more prevalent in cities around the world. While interest grows in studying their usage in larger cities with well-established transit systems, their role in expanding mid-sized cities that are more automobile-dependent remains understudied. This paper evaluates how dockless bike-sharing can provide a last-mile solution by connecting existing bus stops with destinations through an analysis of data collected from 111,155 unique trips over a five-month trial period of a dockless bike sharing scheme in Reno-Sparks, Nevada, USA in the summer of 2018. We classify trips by frequency of use and adjacency to bus stops into four categories and apply multivariate models to determine the link between trip occurrence and the immediate environment. Results indicate that repeat users' trips that begin or end near the same bus stop are more strongly linked with proximity to bicycle lanes, but tend to be farther from parks and casino resorts. Repeat users typically start trips in denser areas of the city with higher shares of renter-occupied units and higher shares of households without a vehicle, and ended them in less dense areas with higher percentages of white, non-Hispanic residents compared to one-time users. We find differences in association of travel with food service, education, health services, and casino resorts. This suggests that some benefits may be realized by deploying bike sharing in mid-sized cities, but must be weighed against findings that show repeat usage in areas that align with common early transportation technology and service adopter profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While million-dollar prize-pools and mega-events dominate esports news, the somewhat elusive entities of national esports associations continue to develop as a critical underbelly. Associations prop up player mobility across all scales of modernisation and play an integral advocacy role for regional esports, providing situated responses to esports governance in society. However, national associations provide sector representation that is often polemic and unwelcome by grassroots, commercial and even state-level representatives. With the continued growth in everyday esports participation and calls for better regulatory frameworks, this article explores the emerging forms and challenges within esports associationalism under the four modes of public, industry, substitute, and early adopter associations. Through qualitative, mixed methods research, these modes are outlined as distinct associational forms with local mobilities, stakeholder pressures and infrastructural challenges involved for associational development and locally tailored esports governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of pharmacogenetic testing into clinical practice has been a slow process so far. Here, we review the implementation of pre-treatment testing of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene (DPYD) risk variants to prevent early-onset fluoropyrimidine (FP)-related toxicity in cancer patients in Switzerland based on data of a large Swiss diagnostic center. In January 2017, the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health introduced the reimbursement of DPYD testing by the compulsory health insurance in Switzerland based on evidence for the clinical relevance of DPYD -risk variants and the cost-effectiveness of pre-treatment testing, and on the availability of international guidelines. However, we did not observe a strong increase in DPYD testing at our diagnostic center from 2017 to 2019. Only a low number of DPYD -testing requests (28–42 per year), concerning mostly retrospective investigations of suspected FP-toxicity, were received. In contrast, we observed a 14-fold increase in DPYD testing together with a strong shift from retrospective to pre-treatment test requests upon the release of recommendations for DPYD testing prior to FP-treatment in April 2020 by the European Medicines Agency. This increase was mainly driven by three geographic regions of Switzerland, where partner institutions of previous research collaborations regarding FP-related toxicity are located and who acted as early-adopting institutions of DPYD testing. Our data suggest the important role of early adopters as accelerators of clinical implementation of pharmacogenetic testing by introducing these policies to their working environment and educating health workers from their own and nearby institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of pharmacogenetic testing into clinical practice has been a slow process so far. Here, we review the implementation of pre-treatment testing of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene (DPYD) risk variants to prevent early-onset fluoropyrimidine (FP)-related toxicity in cancer patients in Switzerland based on data of a large Swiss diagnostic center. In January 2017, the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health introduced the reimbursement of DPYD testing by the compulsory health insurance in Switzerland based on evidence for the clinical relevance of DPYD-risk variants and the cost-effectiveness of pre-treatment testing, and on the availability of international guidelines. However, we did not observe a strong increase in DPYD testing at our diagnostic center from 2017 to 2019. Only a low number of DPYD-testing requests (28–42 per year), concerning mostly retrospective investigations of suspected FP-toxicity, were received. In contrast, we observed a 14-fold increase in DPYD testing together with a strong shift from retrospective to pre-treatment test requests upon the release of recommendations for DPYD testing prior to FP-treatment in April 2020 by the European Medicines Agency. This increase was mainly driven by three geographic regions of Switzerland, where partner institutions of previous research collaborations regarding FP-related toxicity are located and who acted as early-adopting institutions of DPYD testing. Our data suggest the important role of early adopters as accelerators of clinical implementation of pharmacogenetic testing by introducing these policies to their working environment and educating health workers from their own and nearby institutions.

Vaccine programs significantly reduce disease burden within a population. The COVID-19 vaccine facilitated a return to "normal"; however, vaccine coverage remains below target levels. Identifying predictors of vaccine uptake is vital for individual and community health. The present study used the Reasoned Action Approach and integrated hazard-specific risk perception, to predict COVID-19 vaccine intention and uptake behavior. Informed by the diffusion of innovations theory, differences in associations and model effects were tested by early adopter status of the seasonal influenza vaccine. We recruited participants online within the United States for a longitudinal survey study. The integrated social cognition model provided an acceptable to ideal fit for both groups but performed better among the not early adopter group with better fit statistics, mostly stronger effect sizes, and greater variance accounted for in intention to vaccinate against COVID-19. Instrumental attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine predicted intention for both groups, and uptake among the non-early adopters. Capacity predicted intention among early adopters, and behavior among non-early adopters. Among non-early adopters, subjective norms had a direct effect on intention and an indirect effect on vaccine uptake behavior. Intervention research to support COVID-19 vaccine uptake focusing on the utility of vaccines, fostering self-efficacy, and providing normative information is warranted. • An integrated social cognition model provides a good fit for predicting vaccination. • Model fit was weaker for early adopters of the flu shot. • Utility of COVID-19 vaccine had a direct effect on intention to vaccinate. • Capacity had a direct effect on intention to vaccinate and behavior. • Subjective norms and instrumental attitudes had indirect effects on behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The innovative diffusion theory indicates that the key to success of businesses is the innovative ideas of the early adopters. Furthermore, the early adopters’ documents on the Internet were extremely rare; the traditional associative analyses in text mining tend to ignore these useful ideas of the early adopters. In this study, a framework was proposed, which uses low-term frequency (TF), low-term frequency with inverse document frequency and low TF with the inverse clusters frequency, to acquire rare connections between low-frequency terms, to extract early adopters’ incipient and innovative ideas. This new proposed framework amplifies the rare chance to find potential terms which are valuable for businesses’ future. Finally, some observed data obtained from the passengers on airplanes or trains were used to extract the innovative ideas from early adopters. By putting the data into a business scenario, a case study was presented and the feasibility of the framework can therefore be checked by experts. A comparison has been made between the proposed framework and chance discovery. The experimental result evidences that the results in the new framework are more effective than the outcomes of chance discovery method to sift out incipient ideas.