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28 results on '"early farmers"'

1. Pottery use across the Neolithic transition in northern Belgium: evidence from isotopic, molecular and microscopic analysis.

Author

Teetaert, Dimitri, Vannoorenberghe, Marieke, Van de Velde, Thomas, Boudin, Mathieu, Bodé, Samuel, Kubiak-Martens, Lucy, Baert, Mathijs, Lynen, Frederic, Crombé, Philippe, and Boeckx, Pascal

Abstract

This study represents the first extensive residue analysis of prehistoric pottery from northern Belgium. It examines pottery use and culinary practices across the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition, from the late 6th to the early 4th millennium cal BC. Residue analyses were performed on more than 200 samples from nine archaeological sites, representing different cultural groups from this transitional phase. This includes the analysis of charred food residues encrusted on the vessel surfaces by elemental analysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), stereomicroscopic analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), as well as the analysis of absorbed lipids by gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS). This study provides the first evidence of ruminant dairy fats in Early Neolithic Limburg pottery, supporting the hypothesis that this pottery was produced and used by LBK farmers rather than hunter-gatherer populations. The first indigenous pottery of the Swifterbant culture was frequently used to process freshwater fish (often together with plant foods) and ruminant meat, although several of the studied vessels likely contained mixtures of resources which could also include porcine products. Ruminant dairy is nearly absent from this pottery. Similar results were obtained for pottery of the subsequent Michelsberg culture/Group of Spiere of the late 5th and early 4th millennium cal BC. The limited presence of ruminant dairy fats in this pottery contrasts with the findings for Middle Neolithic pottery from neighbouring regions, providing further evidence for the existence of regional variations in pottery use or culinary practices throughout prehistoric NW Europe. However, our current view of pottery use during the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in northern Belgium might be biased by the difficulties in distinguishing between wild and domesticated ruminant adipose fats as well as in detecting plant foods through lipid residue analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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3. The impact of farming on prehistoric culinary practices throughout Northern Europe.

Author

Lucquin, Alexandre, Robson, Harry K., Oras, Ester, Lundy, Jasmine, Moretti, Giulia, Carretero, Lara González, Dekker, Joannes, Demirci, Özge, Dolbunova, Ekaterina, McLaughlin, T. Rowan, Piezonka, Henny, Talbot, Helen M., Adamczak, Kamil, Czekaj-Zastawny, Agnieszka, Groß, Daniel, Gumiński, Witold, Hartz, Sönke, Kabaciński, Jacek, Koivisto, Satu, and Linge, Trond Eilev

Subjects
*AGRICULTURE, *STABLE isotope analysis, *WILDLIFE watching, *FOSSIL DNA, *DOMESTIC animals, *COOKING education, *ARCHAEOLOGICAL human remains
Abstract

To investigate changes in culinary practices associated with the arrival of farming, we analysed the organic residues of over 1,000 pottery vessels from hunter-gatherer-fisher and early agricultural sites across Northern Europe from the Lower Rhine Basin to the Northeastern Baltic. Here, pottery was widely used by hunter-gatherer-fishers prior to the introduction of domesticated animals and plants. Overall, there was surprising continuity in the way that hunter-gatherer-fishers and farmers used pottery. Both aquatic products and wild plants remained prevalent, a pattern repeated consistently across the study area. We argue that the rapid adaptation of farming communities to exploit coastal and lagoonal resources facilitated their northerly expansion, and in some cases, hunting, gathering, and fishing became the most dominant subsistence strategy. Nevertheless, dairy products frequently appear in pottery associated with the earliest farming groups often mixed with wild plants and fish. Interestingly, we also find compelling evidence of dairy products in hunter-gatherer-fisher Ertebølle pottery, which predates the arrival of domesticated animals. We propose that Ertebølle hunter-gatherer-fishers frequently acquired dairy products through exchange with adjacent farming communities prior to the transition. The continuity observed in pottery use across the transition to farming contrasts with the analysis of human remains which shows substantial demographic change through ancient DNA and, in some cases, a reduction in marine consumption through stable isotope analysis. We postulate that farmers acquired the knowledge and skills they needed to succeed from local hunter-gatherer-fishers but without substantial admixture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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4. Forest Management and Agriculture Practices at El Mirador Cave

Author

Cano-Cano, Nit, Burguet-Coca, Aitor, Euba, Itxaso, Expósito, Isabel, Allué, Ethel, Eerkens, Jelmer, Series Editor, Çakırlar, Canan, Editorial Board Member, Iizuka, Fumie, Editorial Board Member, Seetah, Krish, Editorial Board Member, Sugranes, Nuria, Editorial Board Member, Tushingham, Shannon, Editorial Board Member, Wilson, Chris, Editorial Board Member, Allué, Ethel, editor, Martín, Patricia, editor, and Vergès, Josep Maria, editor

Published
2022
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6. Functional relationship between dental macrowear and diet in Late Pleistocene and recent modern human populations.

Author

Fiorenza, Luca, Benazzi, Stefano, Oxilia, Gregorio, and Kullmer, Ottmar

Subjects
*TOOTH abrasion, *PLEISTOCENE Epoch, *FOOD habits, *MASTICATION, *NEANDERTHALS
Abstract

Abstract: Many aspects of diet and behaviour can be gleaned from dental wear, including environmental conditions, food‐fracture properties, food processing techniques, and cultural habits. Specifically, the angulation (flat vs. steep) of molar wear has been used as an indicator of food toughness and has also been implicated in the use of grinding stones and pottery in food processing. In this work, we focus on the sequential phases of the power stroke of mastication in a functional way, measuring the inclination of molar wear facets through the occlusal fingerprint analysis method. Specifically, we have calculated the angulation of wear facets in upper and lower molars of Palaeolithic humans, extant hunter‐gatherers, and proto‐farmers to discern differences between groups with different diets. Contrary to previous analyses, our study shows that the molars of Late Pleistocene specimens are characterized by significantly steeper angles than those of modern hunter‐gatherers. The flat molar wear found in the latter group could be related to the excessive mixture of exogenous materials accidentally introduced into their foods, as indicated by ethnographic evidence. On the contrary, the steep wear angles characterizing the Palaeolithic group are probably associated with the consumption of a less abrasive diet, which could be ultimately due to food preparation techniques that incorporated less dust and grit into their diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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7. Neolithic occupations (c. 5200-3400 cal BC) at Isolino Virginia (Lake Varese, Italy) and the onset of the pile-dwelling phenomenon around the Alps

Author

F. Antolín, H. Martínez-Grau, B.L. Steiner, F. Follmann, R. Soteras, S. Häberle, G. Prats, M. Schäfer, M. Mainberger, I. Hajdas, and D.G. Banchieri

Subjects
Radiocarbon dating, Archeology, Early farmers, Bayesian modelling, Western Europe, Pile-dwelling site
Abstract

Neolithic pile dwelling sites are known particularly well North of the Alps, with a boom starting from ca. 4300 cal BC. These sites are famous for the excellent preservation conditions of organic material (wooden tools, textiles, fruit remains and foodstuffs have been preserved in many of them), but their origin is still unclear. In Europe, only three reliably-dated settlements of this type are documented in the Early Neolithic: La Marmotta ca. 5700–5300 cal BC (Lake Bracciano, Italy), Dispilio ca. 5400–3500 cal BC (Lake Orestias, Greece) and La Draga ca. 5300–4900 cal BC (Lake Banyoles, Spain). New interventions within the framework of the AgriChange project have made it possible to expand and improve the knowledge on the dynamics of occupation at Isolino Virginia ca. 5200–3400 cal BC (Lake Varese, Italy), the earliest known pile-dwelling site around the Alps. Our results suggest that this site could have been the spark of the pile-dwelling phenomenon in the area., Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 42

Published
2022

8. Логистика кремнеобработки болградского варианта культуры Гумельница (по материалам поселений Орловка-Картал и Чалык)

Author

Говедарица, Б., Киосак, Д. В., and Манзура, И. В.

Abstract

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2017

9. High-coverage genome of the Tyrolean Iceman reveals unusually high Anatolian farmer ancestry.

Author

Wang K, Prüfer K, Krause-Kyora B, Childebayeva A, Schuenemann VJ, Coia V, Maixner F, Zink A, Schiffels S, and Krause J

Abstract

The Tyrolean Iceman is known as one of the oldest human glacier mummies, directly dated to 3350-3120 calibrated BCE. A previously published low-coverage genome provided novel insights into European prehistory, despite high present-day DNA contamination. Here, we generate a high-coverage genome with low contamination (15.3×) to gain further insights into the genetic history and phenotype of this individual. Contrary to previous studies, we found no detectable Steppe-related ancestry in the Iceman. Instead, he retained the highest Anatolian-farmer-related ancestry among contemporaneous European populations, indicating a rather isolated Alpine population with limited gene flow from hunter-gatherer-ancestry-related populations. Phenotypic analysis revealed that the Iceman likely had darker skin than present-day Europeans and carried risk alleles associated with male-pattern baldness, type 2 diabetes, and obesity-related metabolic syndrome. These results corroborate phenotypic observations of the preserved mummified body, such as high pigmentation of his skin and the absence of hair on his head., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Published
2023
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10. Ancient DNA from Mesopotamia suggests distinct Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic migrations into Anatolia

Author

Iosif Lazaridis, Songül Alpaslan-Roodenberg, Ayşe Acar, Ayşen Açıkkol, Anagnostis Agelarakis, Levon Aghikyan, Uğur Akyüz, Desislava Andreeva, Gojko Andrijašević, Dragana Antonović, Ian Armit, Alper Atmaca, Pavel Avetisyan, Ahmet İhsan Aytek, Krum Bacvarov, Ruben Badalyan, Stefan Bakardzhiev, Jacqueline Balen, Lorenc Bejko, Rebecca Bernardos, Andreas Bertsatos, Hanifi Biber, Ahmet Bilir, Mario Bodružić, Michelle Bonogofsky, Clive Bonsall, Dušan Borić, Nikola Borovinić, Guillermo Bravo Morante, Katharina Buttinger, Kim Callan, Francesca Candilio, Mario Carić, Olivia Cheronet, Stefan Chohadzhiev, Maria-Eleni Chovalopoulou, Stella Chryssoulaki, Ion Ciobanu, Natalija Čondić, Mihai Constantinescu, Emanuela Cristiani, Brendan J. Culleton, Elizabeth Curtis, Jack Davis, Tatiana I. Demcenco, Valentin Dergachev, Zafer Derin, Sylvia Deskaj, Seda Devejyan, Vojislav Djordjević, Kellie Sara Duffett Carlson, Laurie R. Eccles, Nedko Elenski, Atilla Engin, Nihat Erdoğan, Sabiha Erir-Pazarcı, Daniel M. Fernandes, Matthew Ferry, Suzanne Freilich, Alin Frînculeasa, Michael L. Galaty, Beatriz Gamarra, Boris Gasparyan, Bisserka Gaydarska, Elif Genç, Timur Gültekin, Serkan Gündüz, Tamás Hajdu, Volker Heyd, Suren Hobosyan, Nelli Hovhannisyan, Iliya Iliev, Lora Iliev, Stanislav Iliev, İlkay İvgin, Ivor Janković, Lence Jovanova, Panagiotis Karkanas, Berna Kavaz-Kındığılı, Esra Hilal Kaya, Denise Keating, Douglas J. Kennett, Seda Deniz Kesici, Anahit Khudaverdyan, Krisztián Kiss, Sinan Kılıç, Paul Klostermann, Sinem Kostak Boca Negra Valdes, Saša Kovačević, Marta Krenz-Niedbała, Maja Krznarić Škrivanko, Rovena Kurti, Pasko Kuzman, Ann Marie Lawson, Catalin Lazar, Krassimir Leshtakov, Thomas E. Levy, Ioannis Liritzis, Kirsi O. Lorentz, Sylwia Łukasik, Matthew Mah, Swapan Mallick, Kirsten Mandl, Kristine Martirosyan-Olshansky, Roger Matthews, Wendy Matthews, Kathleen McSweeney, Varduhi Melikyan, Adam Micco, Megan Michel, Lidija Milašinović, Alissa Mittnik, Janet M. Monge, Georgi Nekhrizov, Rebecca Nicholls, Alexey G. Nikitin, Vassil Nikolov, Mario Novak, Iñigo Olalde, Jonas Oppenheimer, Anna Osterholtz, Celal Özdemir, Kadir Toykan Özdoğan, Nurettin Öztürk, Nikos Papadimitriou, Niki Papakonstantinou, Anastasia Papathanasiou, Lujana Paraman, Evgeny G. Paskary, Nick Patterson, Ilian Petrakiev, Levon Petrosyan, Vanya Petrova, Anna Philippa-Touchais, Ashot Piliposyan, Nada Pocuca Kuzman, Hrvoje Potrebica, Bianca Preda-Bălănică, Zrinka Premužić, T. Douglas Price, Lijun Qiu, Siniša Radović, Kamal Raeuf Aziz, Petra Rajić Šikanjić, Kamal Rasheed Raheem, Sergei Razumov, Amy Richardson, Jacob Roodenberg, Rudenc Ruka, Victoria Russeva, Mustafa Şahin, Ayşegül Şarbak, Emre Savaş, Constanze Schattke, Lynne Schepartz, Tayfun Selçuk, Ayla Sevim-Erol, Michel Shamoon-Pour, Henry M. Shephard, Athanasios Sideris, Angela Simalcsik, Hakob Simonyan, Vitalij Sinika, Kendra Sirak, Ghenadie Sirbu, Mario Šlaus, Andrei Soficaru, Bilal Söğüt, Arkadiusz Sołtysiak, Çilem Sönmez-Sözer, Maria Stathi, Martin Steskal, Kristin Stewardson, Sharon Stocker, Fadime Suata-Alpaslan, Alexander Suvorov, Anna Szécsényi-Nagy, Tamás Szeniczey, Nikolai Telnov, Strahil Temov, Nadezhda Todorova, Ulsi Tota, Gilles Touchais, Sevi Triantaphyllou, Atila Türker, Marina Ugarković, Todor Valchev, Fanica Veljanovska, Zlatko Videvski, Cristian Virag, Anna Wagner, Sam Walsh, Piotr Włodarczak, J. Noah Workman, Aram Yardumian, Evgenii Yarovoy, Alper Yener Yavuz, Hakan Yılmaz, Fatma Zalzala, Anna Zettl, Zhao Zhang, Rafet Çavuşoğlu, Nadin Rohland, Ron Pinhasi, David Reich, and Edebiyat Fakültesi

Subjects
Europe, History, Multidisciplinary, Origin, Genomes, Article, ancient DNA, Neolithic migrations, Anatolia, Fertile Crescent, hunter-gatherers, early farmers, 1st Farmers
Abstract

We present the first ancient DNA data from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of Mesopotamia (Southeastern Turkey and Northern Iraq), Cyprus, and the Northwestern Zagros, along with the first data from Neolithic Armenia. We show that these and neighboring populations were formed through admixture of pre-Neolithic sources related to Anatolian, Caucasus, and Levantine hunter-gatherers, forming a Neolithic continuum of ancestry mirroring the geography of West Asia. By analyzing Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic populations of Anatolia, we show that the former were derived from admixture between Mesopotamian-related and local Epipaleolithic-related sources, but the latter experienced additional Levantine-related gene flow, thus documenting at least two pulses of migration from the Fertile Crescent heartland to the early farmers of Anatolia., National Institutes of Health [GM100233, HG012287]; John Templeton Foundation [61220]; Allen Discovery Center program; Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group advised program of the Paul G. Allen Family Foundation; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The newly reported dataset is described in detail in an accompanying Research Article, where we also acknowledge the funders who supported dataset generation (12). Analysis of data was supported by the National Institutes of Health (GM100233 and HG012287), the John Templeton Foundation (grant 61220), a private gift from Jean-Francois Clin, the Allen Discovery Center program, a Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group advised program of the Paul G. Allen Family Foundation, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (D.R.).

Published
2022

11. Ancient genomic research : from broad strokes to nuanced reconstructions of the past

Author

Nägele, Kathrin, Rivollat, Maïté, Yu, He, and Wang, Ke

Subjects
MOLECULAR-CLONING, Ancient DNA, History and Archaeology, Dispersals, HUMAN-POPULATION HISTORY, MITOCHONDRIAL GENOMES, LATE PLEISTOCENE, HUNTER-GATHERERS, Human history, Migrations, GENETIC ANCESTRY, Archaeogenomics, DNA EXTRACTION, EARLY FARMERS, HUMAN OCCUPATION, SOUTHEAST-ASIA
Abstract

Ancient DNA (aDNA) studies have deployed genetic material from archaeological contexts to investigate human dispersals and interactions, corroborating some longstanding hypotheses and revealing new aspects of human history. After drawing the broad genomic strokes of human history, geneticists have discovered the exciting possibilities of applying this method to answer questions on a smaller scale. This review provides an overview of the commonly used methods, both in the laboratory and the analyses, and summarizes the current state of genomic research. It reviews human dispersals across the continents and additionally highlights some studies that integrated genomics to answer questions beyond biology to understand the cultural and societal traits of past societies. By shining a light from multiple angles, we gain a much better understanding of the real shape of the human past.

Published
2022

12. Forest management and agriculture practices at El Mirador cave

Author

Nit Cano-Cano, Aitor Burguet-Coca, Itxaso Euba, Isabel Expósito, Ethel Allué, Martín, P., and Vergès, J.M.

Subjects
Dendroanthracology, Crops Husbandry, Forest Management, Anthracology, Carpology, Early Farmers
Abstract

This chapter examines the landscape management strategies used by the inhabitants of El Mirador cave based on the use of micro- and macrobotanical proxies (phytoliths, pollen, wood charcoal and seeds). These analyses reveal the human impact on the immediate environment, as the people occupying the zone transformed the landscape by clearing forests to develop areas for cultivation and grazing. Anthracological and dendroanthracological evidence points to the exploitation of the local oak and mixed holm oak forest related to the agro-livestock activities carried out in the cave. The combined study of pollen, phytoliths and seed remains has provided evidence of the cultivation of mainly emmer and durum wheat, which would have been processed at or near the site, given the presence of crop by-products. Non-crop plants can also inform us of livestock feeding regimens, having otherwise arrived at the site as part of the animals’ fodder or as a product of grazing in crop stubble. Overall, the combination of these proxies demonstrates the anthropogenic nature of the modification of the surrounding landscape as a direct outcome of the cultivation of crops and animal husbandry practices, as would be anticipated in a subsistence strategy based on mixed farming systems.

Published
2022

13. Neolithic genomic data from southern France showcase intensified interactions with hunter-gatherer communities

Author

Ana Arzelier, Maïté Rivollat, Harmony De Belvalet, Marie-Hélène Pemonge, Didier Binder, Fabien Convertini, Henri Duday, Muriel Gandelin, Jean Guilaine, Wolfgang Haak, Marie-France Deguilloux, and Mélanie Pruvost

Subjects
ADMIXTURE, ALIGNMENT, Multidisciplinary, STEPPE, IDENTIFICATION, History and Archaeology, HISTORY, CENTRAL-EUROPE, PATTERNS, ANCIENT DNA, EARLY FARMERS, POPULATION
Abstract

SummaryArchaeological research shows that the dispersal of the Neolithic took a more complex turn when reaching western Europe, painting a contrasted picture of interactions between autochthonous hunter-gatherers (HGs) and incoming farmers. In order to clarify the mode, the intensity, and the regional variability of biological exchanges implied in these processes, we report new palaeogenomic data from Occitanie, a key region in Southern France. Genomic data from 28 individuals originating from six sites spanning from c. 5,500 to c. 2,500 BCE allow us to characterize regional patterns of ancestries throughout the Neolithic period. Results highlight major differences between the Mediterranean and Continental Neolithic expansion routes regarding both migration and interaction processes. High proportions of HG ancestry in both Early and Late Neolithic groups in Southern France support multiple pulses of inter-group gene flow throughout time and space and confirm the need for regional studies to address the complexity of the processes involved.

Published
2022

14. Using Y-chromosome capture enrichment to resolve haplogroup H2 shows new evidence for a two-path Neolithic expansion to Western Europe

Author

Geografía, prehistoria y arqueología, Geografia,historiaurrea eta arkeologia, Rohrlach, Adam B., Papac, Luka, Childebayeva, Ainash, Rivollat, Maite, Villalba Mouco, Vanessa, Neumann, Gunnar U., Penske, Sandra, Skourtanioti, Eirini, Van de Loosdrecht, Marieke, Akar, Murat, Boyadzhiev, Kamen, Boyadzhiev, Yavor, Deguilloux, Marie France, Dobes, Miroslav, Erdal, Yilmaz S., Ernee, Michal, Frangipane, Marcella, Furmanek, Miroslaw, Friederich, Susanne, Ghesquiere, Emmanuel, Haluszko, Agata, Hansen, Svend, Mario Küßner, Mannino, Marcello, Özbal, Rana, Reinhold, Sabine, Rottier, Stéphane, Salazar García, Domingo Carlos, Soler Díaz, Jorge, Stockhammer, Philipp W., Roca de Togores Muñoz, Consuelo, Yener, K. Aslihan, Posth, Cosimo, Krause, Johannes, Herbig, Alexander, Haak, Wolfgang, Geografía, prehistoria y arqueología, Geografia,historiaurrea eta arkeologia, Rohrlach, Adam B., Papac, Luka, Childebayeva, Ainash, Rivollat, Maite, Villalba Mouco, Vanessa, Neumann, Gunnar U., Penske, Sandra, Skourtanioti, Eirini, Van de Loosdrecht, Marieke, Akar, Murat, Boyadzhiev, Kamen, Boyadzhiev, Yavor, Deguilloux, Marie France, Dobes, Miroslav, Erdal, Yilmaz S., Ernee, Michal, Frangipane, Marcella, Furmanek, Miroslaw, Friederich, Susanne, Ghesquiere, Emmanuel, Haluszko, Agata, Hansen, Svend, Mario Küßner, Mannino, Marcello, Özbal, Rana, Reinhold, Sabine, Rottier, Stéphane, Salazar García, Domingo Carlos, Soler Díaz, Jorge, Stockhammer, Philipp W., Roca de Togores Muñoz, Consuelo, Yener, K. Aslihan, Posth, Cosimo, Krause, Johannes, Herbig, Alexander, and Haak, Wolfgang

Abstract

Uniparentally-inherited markers on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the non-recombining regions of the Y chromosome (NRY), have been used for the past 30years to investigate the history of humans from a maternal and paternal perspective. Researchers have preferred mtDNA due to its abundance in the cells, and comparatively high substitution rate. Conversely, the NRY is less susceptible to back mutations and saturation, and is potentially more informative than mtDNA owing to its longer sequence length. However, due to comparatively poor NRY coverage via shotgun sequencing, and the relatively low and biased representation of Y-chromosome variants on capture assays such as the 1240k, ancient DNA studies often fail to utilize the unique perspective that the NRY can yield. Here we introduce a new DNA enrichment assay, coined YMCA (Y-mappable capture assay), that targets the "mappable" regions of the NRY. We show that compared to low-coverage shotgun sequencing and 1240k capture, YMCA significantly improves the mean coverage and number of sites covered on the NRY, increasing the number of Y-haplogroup informative SNPs, and allowing for the identification of previously undiscovered variants. To illustrate the power of YMCA, we show that the analysis of ancient Y-chromosome lineages can help to resolve Y-chromosomal haplogroups. As a case study, we focus on H2, a haplogroup associated with a critical event in European human history: the Neolithic transition. By disentangling the evolutionary history of this haplogroup, we further elucidate the two separate paths by which early farmers expanded from Anatolia and the Near East to western Europe.

Published
2021

15. Using Y-chromosome capture enrichment to resolve haplogroup H2 shows new evidence for a two-path Neolithic expansion to Western Europe

Author

Marie-France Deguilloux, Agata Hałuszko, Maïté Rivollat, Sandra Penske, J. S. Díaz, Michal Ernée, Eirini Skourtanioti, Miroslav Dobeš, Cosimo Posth, Mario Küßner, Stéphane Rottier, Gunnar U. Neumann, Emmanuel Ghesquière, Susanne Friederich, Yılmaz Selim Erdal, Adam Ben Rohrlach, Rana Özbal, Svend Hansen, Marcella Frangipane, Marcello A. Mannino, Ainash Childebayeva, Consuelo Roca de Togores Muñoz, Sabine Reinhold, Murat Akar, Wolfgang Haak, Alexander Herbig, Luka Papac, Yavor Boyadzhiev, Domingo C. Salazar-García, Vanessa Villalba-Mouco, Kamen Boyadzhiev, Johannes Krause, K. Aslıhan Yener, Mirosław Furmanek, Marieke Sophia van de Loosdrecht, Philipp W. Stockhammer, European Commission, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Adelaide, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Mustafa Kemal University, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Hacettepe University = Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], University of Wrocław [Poland] (UWr), State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt - State Museum of Prehistory, Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Nantes Université (NU), German Archaeological Institute (DAI), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Koç University, Basque Foundation for Science (Ikerbasque), University of Cape Town, Departamento de Inteligencia Artificial [UPM, Spain] (DIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Universitat de València (UV), Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III [Bonn, Germany], Universitätsklinikum Bonn (UKB), MARQ - Museo Arqueológico Provincial de Alicante (MARQ), Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, University of South Australia [Adelaide], Max Planck Society Foundation CELLEX, French (ANR) French National Research Agency (ANR), German (DFG) Research Foundations under the INTERACT project German Research Foundation (DFG) [ANR17-FRAL-0010, DFG-HA-5407/4-1], European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union European Research Council (ERC) [771234-PALEoRIDER], Czech Academy of Sciences Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague Czech Academy of Sciences [RVO 67985912], Projekt DEAL, ANR-17-FRAL-0010,INTERACT,Interactions entre groupes humains en Europe de l'Ouest durant la transition Mésolithique-Néolithique: la double perspective des échanges biologiques et culturels(2017), Özbal, Rana (ORCID 0000-0001-6765-2765 & YÖK ID 55583), Rohrlach, A.B., Papac, L., Childebayeva, A., Rivollat, M., Villalba Mouco, V., Neumann, G.U., Penske, S., Skourtanioti, E., van de Loosdrecht, M., Akar, M., Boyadzhiev, K., Boyadzhiev, Y., Deguilloux, M.F., Dobes, M., Erdal, Y.S., Ernée, M., Frangipane, M., Furmanek, M., Friederich, S., Ghesquière, E., Ha?uszko, A., Hansen, S., Küßner, M., Mannino, M., Reinhold, S., Rottier, S., Salazar García, D.C., Diaz, J.S., Stockhammer, P.W., de Togores Muñoz, C.R., Yener, K.A., Posth, C., Krause, J., Herbig, A., Haak, W., College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Department of Archeology and History of Art, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Max Planck Society, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), German Research Foundation, European Research Council, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), and Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science

Subjects
Czech, SELECTION, Population genetics, MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA, early farmers, DIVERSITY, mitochondrial DNA, shotgun sequencing, Prehistòria, Haplogroup, German, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine and Health Sciences, DNA sequencing, Science and technology, media_common, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Horizon (archaeology), Critical event, Shotgun sequencing, chromosomal haplogroups, European research, STEPPE, Western europe, language, Medicine, Genetic Markers, Mitochondrial DNA, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, uniparentally-inherited markers, Science, Library science, Biology, Y chromosome, DNA, Mitochondrial, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Target enrichment, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Political science, Humans, media_common.cataloged_instance, ANCIENT DNA, Genetic Testing, European union, Alleles, 030304 developmental biology, MUTATION-RATE, Chromosomes, Human, Y, Saturation (genetic), History and Archaeology, Y-mappable capture assay, Ancient DNA, Neanderthals, Anatomically modern humans, language.human_language, Neolithic transition, Genetics, Population, Haplotypes, Evolutionary biology, GENOMIC HISTORY, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Uniparentally-inherited markers on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the non-recombining regions of the Y chromosome (NRY), have been used for the past 30 years to investigate the history of humans from a maternal and paternal perspective. Researchers have preferred mtDNA due to its abundance in the cells, and comparatively high substitution rate. Conversely, the NRY is less susceptible to back mutations and saturation, and is potentially more informative than mtDNA owing to its longer sequence length. However, due to comparatively poor NRY coverage via shotgun sequencing, and the relatively low and biased representation of Y-chromosome variants on capture assays such as the 1240 k, ancient DNA studies often fail to utilize the unique perspective that the NRY can yield. Here we introduce a new DNA enrichment assay, coined YMCA (Y-mappable capture assay), that targets the "mappable" regions of the NRY. We show that compared to low-coverage shotgun sequencing and 1240 k capture, YMCA significantly improves the mean coverage and number of sites covered on the NRY, increasing the number of Y-haplogroup informative SNPs, and allowing for the identification of previously undiscovered variants. To illustrate the power of YMCA, we show that the analysis of ancient Y-chromosome lineages can help to resolve Y-chromosomal haplogroups. As a case study, we focus on H2, a haplogroup associated with a critical event in European human history: the Neolithic transition. By disentangling the evolutionary history of this haplogroup, we further elucidate the two separate paths by which early farmers expanded from Anatolia and the Near East to western Europe., Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. This study was funded by the Max Planck Society, the French (ANR) and German (DFG) Research Foundations under the INTERACT project (ANR-17-FRAL-0010, DFG-HA-5407/4-1, 2018-2021) to M.R. and W.H., the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant agreement no. 771234-PALEoRIDER to W.H., the award Praemium Academiae of the Czech Academy of Sciences to M.E. and the project RVO 67985912 of the Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague to M.S.

Published
2021

16. The hard knock life. Archaeobotanical data on farming practices during the Neolithic (5400–2300 cal BC) in the NE of the Iberian Peninsula.

Author

Antolín, Ferran, Jacomet, Stefanie, and Buxó, Ramon

Subjects
*PLANT remains (Archaeology), *NEOLITHIC Period, *ARCHAEOLOGICAL assemblages, *DATA analysis
Abstract

The archaeobotanical (seeds and fruits) dataset of the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula for the Neolithic period is presented and discussed in this paper in order to approach how early farmers produced their crops and how farming spread in the region. Ten crop plants were identified, including cereals ( Triticum aestivum/durum/turgidum L., Triticum dicoccum Schübl., Triticum monococcum L., Hordeum vulgare L./ distichon L. and Hordeum vulgare var. nudum ), legumes ( Vicia faba L., Lens culinaris Medik. and Pisum sativum L.) as well as oil plants ( Linum usitatissimum L. and Papaver somniferum L.). Two different traditions were observed by looking at the crop assemblages of the early Neolithic (5400–4500 cal BC). It is proposed that one group of farmers settled in the northeastern area of the region and chose to grow free-threshing cereals, especially naked wheat, while a second group settled in the central Catalan coast and along the Llobregat river and included glume wheats as important crops. These different patterns seem to survive during the middle Neolithic period, when naked barley becomes the main crop at some sites, maybe due to contacts with northern groups. The late Neolithic seems to translate into further changes but more investigations are needed. The weed assemblages available are meagre but the lack of indicators for shifting agriculture allowed confirming that crops were sown in permanent fields. It is concluded that early Neolithic settlements must have been more sedentary and farming practices more effort-demanding than previously thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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17. The spatiotemporal spread of human migrations during the European Holocene

Author

Racimo, Fernando, Woodbridge, Jessie, Fyfe, Ralph M., Sikora, Martin, Sjogren, Karl-Goran, Kristiansen, Kristian, Vander Linden, Marc, Racimo, Fernando, Woodbridge, Jessie, Fyfe, Ralph M., Sikora, Martin, Sjogren, Karl-Goran, Kristiansen, Kristian, and Vander Linden, Marc

Abstract

The European continent was subject to two major migrations of peoples during the Holocene: the northwestward movement of Anatolian farmer populations during the Neolithic and the westward movement of Yamnaya steppe peoples during the Bronze Age. These movements changed the genetic composition of the continent's inhabitants. The Holocene was also characterized by major changes in vegetation composition, which altered the environment occupied by the original hunter-gatherer populations. We aim to test to what extent vegetation change through time is associated with changes in population composition as a consequence of these migrations, or with changes in climate. Using ancient DNA in combination with geostatistical techniques, we produce detailed maps of ancient population movements, which allow us to visualize how these migrations unfolded through time and space. We find that the spread of Neolithic farmer ancestry had a two-pronged wavefront, in agreement with similar findings on the cultural spread of farming from radiocarbon-dated archaeological sites. This movement, however, did not have a strong association with changes in the vegetational landscape. In contrast, the Yamnaya migration speed was at least twice as fast and coincided with a reduction in the amount of broad-leaf forest and an increase in the amount of pasture and natural grasslands in the continent. We demonstrate the utility of integrating ancient genomes with archaeometric datasets in a spatiotemporal statistical framework, which we foresee will enable future studies of ancient populations' movements, and their putative effects on local fauna and flora.

Published
2020

18. The spatiotemporal spread of human migrations during the European Holocene

Author

Ralph Fyfe, Martin Sikora, Fernando Racimo, Karl-Göran Sjögren, Jessie Woodbridge, Kristian Kristiansen, Marc Vander Linden, and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Steppe, Datasets as Topic, 3705 Geology, Forests, 4401 Anthropology, land cover, 0601 history and archaeology, Neolithic, 4303 Historical Studies, POPULATION, Holocene, History, Ancient, 43 History, Heritage and Archaeology, 44 Human Society, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Farmers, 060102 archaeology, Geography, ORIGIN, Ecology, Human migration, migrations, Agriculture, 06 humanities and the arts, Vegetation, Biological Sciences, Grassland, ADMIXTURE, Europe, Archaeology, POTENTIAL ROLE, Physical Sciences, Bronze Age, Human Migration, Population, GENETIC-STRUCTURE, Natural (archaeology), 3105 Genetics, 03 medical and health sciences, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Genetics, Humans, DNA, Ancient, education, ancient DNA, Models, Genetic, business.industry, Genome, Human, Plant Dispersal, Radiometric Dating, 37 Earth Sciences, CLIMATE, HUNTER-GATHERERS, LAND-COVER, 030104 developmental biology, Ancient DNA, Feasibility Studies, EARLY FARMERS, VEGETATION, sense organs, business, Animal Distribution, Environmental Sciences, 31 Biological Sciences
Abstract

Significance We present a study to model the spread of ancestry in ancient genomes through time and space and a geostatistical framework for comparing human migrations and land-cover changes, while accounting for changes in climate. We show that the two major migrations during the European Holocene had different spatiotemporal structures and expansion rates. In addition, we find that the Yamnaya expansion had a stronger association with vegetational landscape changes than the earlier Neolithic farmer expansion. Our approach paves the way for future work linking paleogenomics with other archaeometric datasets in the study of the past., The European continent was subject to two major migrations of peoples during the Holocene: the northwestward movement of Anatolian farmer populations during the Neolithic and the westward movement of Yamnaya steppe peoples during the Bronze Age. These movements changed the genetic composition of the continent’s inhabitants. The Holocene was also characterized by major changes in vegetation composition, which altered the environment occupied by the original hunter-gatherer populations. We aim to test to what extent vegetation change through time is associated with changes in population composition as a consequence of these migrations, or with changes in climate. Using ancient DNA in combination with geostatistical techniques, we produce detailed maps of ancient population movements, which allow us to visualize how these migrations unfolded through time and space. We find that the spread of Neolithic farmer ancestry had a two-pronged wavefront, in agreement with similar findings on the cultural spread of farming from radiocarbon-dated archaeological sites. This movement, however, did not have a strong association with changes in the vegetational landscape. In contrast, the Yamnaya migration speed was at least twice as fast and coincided with a reduction in the amount of broad-leaf forest and an increase in the amount of pasture and natural grasslands in the continent. We demonstrate the utility of integrating ancient genomes with archaeometric datasets in a spatiotemporal statistical framework, which we foresee will enable future studies of ancient populations’ movements, and their putative effects on local fauna and flora.

Published
2020

19. Functional relationship between dental macrowear and diet in Late Pleistocene and recent modern human populations

Author

Stefano Benazzi, Luca Fiorenza, Gregorio Oxilia, Ottmar Kullmer, Fiorenza, Luca, Benazzi, Stefano, Oxilia, Gregorio, and Kullmer, Ottmar

Subjects
Archeology, wear facet, 060101 anthropology, food preparation, Pleistocene, early farmers, hunter-gatherers, Neanderthals, wear facets, archeology (arts and humanities), anthropology, archeology, 030206 dentistry, 06 humanities and the arts, hunter-gatherer, Neanderthal, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Geography, Anthropology, Ethnology, 0601 history and archaeology, Food preparation, early farmer
Abstract

Many aspects of diet and behaviour can be gleaned from dental wear, including environmental conditions, food-fracture properties, food processing techniques, and cultural habits. Specifically, the angulation (flat vs. steep) of molar wear has been used as an indicator of food toughness and has also been implicated in the use of grinding stones and pottery in food processing. In this work, we focus on the sequential phases of the power stroke of mastication in a functional way, measuring the inclination of molar wear facets through the occlusal fingerprint analysis method. Specifically, we have calculated the angulation of wear facets in upper and lower molars of Palaeolithic humans, extant hunter-gatherers, and proto-farmers to discern differences between groups with different diets. Contrary to previous analyses, our study shows that the molars of Late Pleistocene specimens are characterized by significantly steeper angles than those of modern hunter-gatherers. The flat molar wear found in the latter group could be related to the excessive mixture of exogenous materials accidentally introduced into their foods, as indicated by ethnographic evidence. On the contrary, the steep wear angles characterizing the Palaeolithic group are probably associated with the consumption of a less abrasive diet, which could be ultimately due to food preparation techniques that incorporated less dust and grit into their diets.

Published
2018

20. The genetic prehistory of the Baltic Sea region

Author

Valery Khartanovich, David Reich, Michal Feldman, Aida Andrades Valtueña, Fredrik Hallgren, Markku Oinonen, Raili Allmäe, Rimantas Jankauskas, Gunita Zariņa, Christos Economou, Mantas Daubaras, Stephan Schiffels, Chuan-Chao Wang, Wolfgang Haak, Vyacheslav Moiseyev, Elena Balanovska, Alissa Mittnik, Mari Tõrv, Anja Furtwängler, Saskia Pfrengle, Andrejs Vasks, Johannes Krause, Finnish Museum of Natural History, and Natural Sciences Unit

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Baltic States, Steppe, Range (biology), Population Dynamics, DIVERSITY, General Physics and Astronomy, 615 History and Archaeology, Stone Age, 0302 clinical medicine, lcsh:Science, History, Ancient, Ancient DNA, Baltic Sea region, Transients and Migrants, GENOMES SUGGEST, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Fossils, CHROMOSOME HAPLOGROUP-N, 1184 Genetics, developmental biology, physiology, Agriculture, humanities, ADMIXTURE, population characteristics, geographic locations, Gene Flow, EUROPE, Science, Pastoralism, Scandinavian and Nordic Countries, EURASIA, SEQUENCE, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, White People, Prehistory, 03 medical and health sciences, ANCIENT DNA, Humans, 14. Life underwater, Author Correction, Mesolithic, geography, Genome, Human, General Chemistry, Before Present, Archaeology, HUNTER-GATHERERS, 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:Q, EARLY FARMERS, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Correction: Nature communications 9 (2018), art. no. 1494 doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03872-y While the series of events that shaped the transition between foraging societies and food producers are well described for Central and Southern Europe, genetic evidence from Northern Europe surrounding the Baltic Sea is still sparse. Here, we report genome-wide DNA data from 38 ancient North Europeans ranging from similar to 9500 to 2200 years before present. Our analysis provides genetic evidence that hunter-gatherers settled Scandinavia via two routes. We reveal that the first Scandinavian farmers derive their ancestry from Anatolia 1000 years earlier than previously demonstrated. The range of Mesolithic Western hunter-gatherers extended to the east of the Baltic Sea, where these populations persisted without gene-flow from Central European farmers during the Early and Middle Neolithic. The arrival of steppe pastoralists in the Late Neolithic introduced a major shift in economy and mediated the spread of a new ancestry associated with the Corded Ware Complex in Northern Europe.

Published
2018

22. Early farmers, megalithic builders and the shaping of the cultural landscapes during the Holocene in Northern Iberian mountains. A palaeoenvironmental perspective.

Author

López Sáez, José Antonio [0000-0002-3122-2744], Pérez Díaz, Sebastián [0000-0002-2702-0058], Ruiz Alonso, Mónica [0000-0002-7794-4451], Pérez Díaz, Sebastián, López Sáez, José Antonio, Núñez de la Fuente, Sara, Ruiz Alonso, Mónica, López Sáez, José Antonio [0000-0002-3122-2744], Pérez Díaz, Sebastián [0000-0002-2702-0058], Ruiz Alonso, Mónica [0000-0002-7794-4451], Pérez Díaz, Sebastián, López Sáez, José Antonio, Núñez de la Fuente, Sara, and Ruiz Alonso, Mónica

Abstract

The study of anthropogenic activities in prehistoric landscapes has increased greatly in recent decades in theNorthern Iberian Peninsula, particularly through pollen records from low altitude areas where settlement wasmore frequent throughout Prehistory. However, little is known about the evolution of landscapes in highlands,particularly in the Basque-Cantabrian mountains (Northern Iberia). In this paper, we analyze human dynamics inmountain landscapes through the multiproxy analysis of Arbarrain mire from c. 8200 cal BP. Obtained mainresults show the predominance of deciduous forests in the whole sequence, with presence of pinewoods at aregional scale. Thefirst evidence of anthropization of mountain environments is dated c. 6800 cal BP, in relationwith the early Neolithic. During the Mid-late Neolithic evidences of human impact on the landscape increases inparallel to the development of the megalithic structures. The Chalcolithic shows a decrease in the anthropogenicactivities in mountains. Finally, during the Bronze Age, Iron Age and Historical Period, from c. 4000 cal BP,mountain ecosystems reflect the expansion ofFagus, clearly linked with a further increase in human activity,origin of current landscape configuration.

Published
2018

23. Early farmers, megalithic builders and the shaping of the cultural landscapes during the Holocene in Northern Iberian mountains. A palaeoenvironmental perspective

Author

Sara Núñez de la Fuente, José Antonio López-Sáez, Mónica Ruiz-Alonso, Sebastián Pérez-Díaz, López Sáez, José Antonio [0000-0002-3122-2744], Pérez Díaz, Sebastián [0000-0002-2702-0058], Ruiz Alonso, Mónica [0000-0002-7794-4451], López Sáez, José Antonio, Pérez Díaz, Sebastián, and Ruiz Alonso, Mónica

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, geography, Early farmers, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Cultural landscape, Human land-use, Chalcolithic, Anthropization, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, Northern Iberia, Megalith, Prehistory, Megalithic structures, Peninsula, Bronze Age, Mountain palaeoenvironment, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The study of anthropogenic activities in prehistoric landscapes has increased greatly in recent decades in theNorthern Iberian Peninsula, particularly through pollen records from low altitude areas where settlement wasmore frequent throughout Prehistory. However, little is known about the evolution of landscapes in highlands,particularly in the Basque-Cantabrian mountains (Northern Iberia). In this paper, we analyze human dynamics inmountain landscapes through the multiproxy analysis of Arbarrain mire from c. 8200 cal BP. Obtained mainresults show the predominance of deciduous forests in the whole sequence, with presence of pinewoods at aregional scale. Thefirst evidence of anthropization of mountain environments is dated c. 6800 cal BP, in relationwith the early Neolithic. During the Mid-late Neolithic evidences of human impact on the landscape increases inparallel to the development of the megalithic structures. The Chalcolithic shows a decrease in the anthropogenicactivities in mountains. Finally, during the Bronze Age, Iron Age and Historical Period, from c. 4000 cal BP,mountain ecosystems reflect the expansion ofFagus, clearly linked with a further increase in human activity,origin of current landscape configuration.

Published
2018

25. Genomic insights into the origin of farming in the ancient Near East

Author

Peter Kovacs, Dani Nadel, Eppie R. Jones, James F. Wilson, Gary O. Rollefson, Christopher Meiklejohn, Beatriz Gamarra, Songül Alpaslan Roodenberg, Anke Tönjes, Edmund Gilbert, Eadaoin Harney, Darren McGettigan, Mario Novak, Shona M. Kerr, Michael Stumvoll, Michael Gregg, György Lengyel, Antonio Torroni, Nadin Rohland, Matthias Blüher, Loic Yengo, Daniel Fernandes, Nick Patterson, David Comas, David Reich, Qiaomei Fu, Janet Monge, Archie Campbell, Vered Eshed, Deborah C. Merrett, Ron Pinhasi, Michael Merrigan, Seamus O’Reilly, Kristin Stewardson, Gianpiero L. Cavalleri, Martin B. Richards, Philippe Froguel, Gheorghe Stefanescu, Fokke Gerritsen, Swapan Mallick, Michel Shamoon-Pour, Luminita Bejenaru, Ahuva Sivan Mizrahi, Boris Gasparian, Fanny Bocquentin, Kendra Sirak, Johannes Krause, Iosif Lazaridis, Gloria Gonzalez-Fortes, Sarah Connell, Nelli Hovhannisyan, D. Andrew Merriwether, Ornella Semino, Art and Culture, History, Antiquity, CLUE+, Irish Research Council, Irish Research Council for the Humanities and Social Sciences, European Research Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Scottish Government, Scottish Funding Council, German Research Foundation, Wenner-Gren Foundation, National Science Foundation (US), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), European Commission, Leverhulme Trust, Università degli studi di Pavia, Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, National Geographic Society, Irene Levi Sala Care Archaeological Foundation, Israel Science Foundation, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics [Boston], Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (BROAD INSTITUTE), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Zinman Institute of Archaeology [Haifa], University of Haifa [Haifa], Whitman College, Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Howard Hughes Medical Institute [Boston] (HHMI), Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI)-Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), Department of Life Sciences, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal., Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia., Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology [Cambridge] (OEB), Harvard University [Cambridge], Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, Università degli Studi di Ferrara (UniFE), Department of Zoology [Cambridge], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of Miskolc, Ethnologie préhistorique, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia [Yerevan] (NAS RA), University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology (Penn Museum), israel Antiquities Authority, University of Winnipeg, Netherlands Institute in Turkey, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași [Romania], Clinic of Endocrinology and Nephrology [Leipzig], University of Edinburgh, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Metabolic functional (epi)genomics and molecular mechanisms involved in type 2 diabetes and related diseases - UMR 8199 - UMR 1283 (GI3M), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Imperial College London, Universityhospital of Leipzig, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Genealogical Society of Ireland, Binghamton University [SUNY], State University of New York (SUNY), University of Huddersfield, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Institutul de Cercetari Biologice, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics [Edinburgh, U.K.], MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (MRC), Edinburgh University, Yerevan State University, Harvard University, Università degli Studi di Ferrara = University of Ferrara (UniFE), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Metabolic functional (epi)genomics and molecular mechanisms involved in type 2 diabetes and related diseases - UMR 8199 - UMR 1283 (EGENODIA (GI3M)), Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, and Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, History, Neanderthal, Turkey, Steppe, Migració humana -- Història, Eastern, Iran, Israel, History, Ancient, Phylogeny, Neanderthals, 2. Zero hunger, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Middle East, biology, Continental Population Groups, Agriculture, Genomics, Africa, Eastern, Armenia, Europe, Phylogeography, Archaeogenetics, Asia, Southern Levant, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Human Migration, Pastoralism, Animals, DNA, Humans, Hybridization, Genetic, Jordan, Article, Ancient, ancient DNA, Near East, hunter-gatherers, early farmers, Filogènia, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetic, Bronze Age, biology.animal, QH426, Hybridization, Agricultura -- Història, geography, QH, Racial Groups, Ambientale, 15. Life on land, Archaeology, Genòmica, 030104 developmental biology, Ancient DNA, Africa, Genètica
Abstract

Lazaridis, Iosif et al., We report genome-wide ancient DNA from 44 ancient Near Easterners ranging in time between ~12,000 and 1,400 bc, from Natufian hunter–gatherers to Bronze Age farmers. We show that the earliest populations of the Near East derived around half their ancestry from a ‘Basal Eurasian’ lineage that had little if any Neanderthal admixture and that separated from other non-African lineages before their separation from each other. The first farmers of the southern Levant (Israel and Jordan) and Zagros Mountains (Iran) were strongly genetically differentiated, and each descended from local hunter–gatherers. By the time of the Bronze Age, these two populations and Anatolian-related farmers had mixed with each other and with the hunter–gatherers of Europe to greatly reduce genetic differentiation. The impact of the Near Eastern farmers extended beyond the Near East: farmers related to those of Anatolia spread westward into Europe; farmers related to those of the Levant spread southward into East Africa; farmers related to those of Iran spread northward into the Eurasian steppe; and people related to both the early farmers of Iran and to the pastoralists of the Eurasian steppe spread eastward into South Asia., D.F. and M.N. were supported by Irish Research Council grants GOIPG/2013/36 and GOIPD/2013/1, respectively. S.C. was funded by the Irish Research Council for Humanities and Social Sciences (IRCHSS) ERC Support Programme. Q.F. was funded by the Bureau of International Cooperation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (L1524016) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences Discipline Development Strategy Project (2015-DX-C-03). The Scottish diversity data was funded by the Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health Directorates (CZD/16/6), the Scottish Funding Council (HR03006), and a project grant from the Scottish Executive Health Department, Chief Scientist Office (CZB/4/285). M.S., A.Tön., M.B. and P.K. were supported by the German Research Foundation (CRC 1052; B01, B03, C01). M.S.-P. was funded by a Wenner-Gren Foundation Dissertation Fieldwork grant (9005), and by the National Science Foundation DDRIG (BCS-1455744). P.K. was funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany (FKZ: 01EO1501). J.F.W. acknowledge the MRC ‘QTL in Health and Disease’ programme grant. The Romanian diversity data was supported by the EC Commission, Directorate General XII (Supplementary Agreement ERBCIPDCT 940038 to the Contract ERBCHRXCT 920032, coordinated by A. Piazza, Turin, Italy). M.R. received support from the Leverhulme Trust’s Doctoral Scholarship programme. O.S. and A.Tor. were supported by the University of Pavia (MIGRAT-IN-G) and the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research: Progetti Ricerca Interesse Nazionale 2012. The Raqefet Cave Natufian project was supported by funds from the National Geographic Society (grant 8915-11), the Wenner-Gren Foundation (grant 7481) and the Irene Levi-Sala CARE Foundation, while radiocarbon dating on the samples was funded by the Israel Science Foundation (grant 475/10; E. Boaretto). R.P. was supported by ERC starting grant ADNABIOARC (263441). D.R. was supported by NIH grant GM100233, by NSF HOMINID BCS-1032255, and is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator.

Published
2016

27. Multi-agent modelling of the trajectory of the LBK Neolithic: a study in progress

Author

Martin O’Connor, Jean-Denis Vigne, Richard Moussa, Marc Vander Linden, Stéphanie Bréhard, Robin Bendrey, Gourguen Davtian, Eva Lenneis, Aurélie Salavert, Elena Ortu, Anne Tresset, Yoann Gauvry, Jean-François Berger, L Noiret, Jean-Pierre Bocquet-Appel, Maria Fernanda Sanchez-Goñi, Jérôme Dubouloz, Agnès Guillaumont, Damien Ertlen, Dominique Schwartz, Environnement Ville Société (EVS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [ Madagascar])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Centre d'Études Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Leicester, Centre international de Recherches en Economie écologique, Eco-innovation et ingénierie du Développement Soutenable (REEDS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE)

Subjects
Geography, LBK Neolithic, Control theory, multi-agent modelling, early farmers, Trajectory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

A modelling approach is presented in which archaeological data on the first farmers in central and western Europe, called the Linearbandkeramik (LBK; 5600–4900 cal BC), are cross-analysed with the corresponding environmental data. The purpose of this approach is to reconstruct the geographical expansion and subsequent dissolution of the LBK culture, and to gain insights into the reactiveness and resilience of this sociocultural system to climatic impacts. The socio-natural data are cross-analysed at multiple scales (from micro-regional to continental), via multi-agent modelling of the LBK farming system, based on ethno-archaeological inferences and integrating palaeoenvironmental and bioarchaeological disciplines, cultural archaeology, palaeodemography and economics.

Published
2014

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