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This study examines the effectiveness of econometric models in quantifying relationships between economic variables and improving forecast accuracy. By integrating economic theory, mathematics and statistics, the models analyzed reveal significant correlations between price, demand and income, validating the initial hypotheses. The results show that these models provide reliable estimates for economic decision-making, supported by statistical tests that confirm the robustness of the predictions. Despite certain limitations, such as collinearity and autocorrelation, the models used demonstrate a solid ability to anticipate economic trends. The study also proposes ways of refining these models by incorporating additional variables, thereby strengthening their relevance for economic analysis in an evolving context.

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have become a critical environmental issue with significant implications for global climate change. Understanding the factors that influence GHG emissions is essential for developing effective mitigation strategies. This study focuses on Mexico, a country that has experienced substantial economic and social changes over the past two decades. The primary objective was to analyze the impact of various economic and social variables on GHG emissions in Mexico using correlation and Vector Autoregression (VAR) analysis. The variables under consideration included Gross Domestic Product (GDP), energy consumption, population, per capita income, income inequality (measured by the Gini coefficient), and educational levels. Results showed that GDP, energy consumption, and population are positively correlated with GHG emissions and negatively correlated with income inequality. The Granger causality analysis showed that GDP and per capita income are strong predictors of GHG emissions; in contrast, income inequality and educational levels do not exhibit direct causative impacts on emissions. Finally, it was found that higher educational levels may contribute to lower GHG emissions. With this evidence, climate policies in Mexico can be formulated by addressing key areas, and policymakers can design strategies that effectively manage and reduce GHG emissions, aligning with sustainable development goals and mitigating the adverse effects of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to provide a model to determine the economic variables affecting the multidimensional poverty index in the Middle East in the period (1995-2017). The method of the present research is descriptiveanalytical. The statistical population of this study is Middle Eastern countries. Data collection has been done using official statistical centers in different countries in cooperation with the Statistics Center of Iran. Data analysis was performed using Eviews and SPSS software version 21. Various variables were effective in estimating the multidimensional poverty index in Middle Eastern countries. But the variables of human capital, capital formation, foreign trade, inflation rate due to terrorist threats, gross domestic stability) were analyzed as the most important influential variables. The generalized torque (GMM) method was used to analyze the proposed model and tests such as Sargan, regression coefficient, Jarco-Braha test, Watson camera statistics were used. The results of multidimensional poverty index analysis in the Middle East using the period from 1995 to 2017 in terms of manpower index (balanced fluctuations), gross domestic stability (constant fluctuations), inflation due to terrorist threats (high fluctuations with steep slopes into increase poverty), capital formation (poverty reduction fluctuations), foreign trade (very large fluctuations to reduce poverty). The results of estimating the research model in the form of a dynamic model by the generalized torque (GMM) method showed that the probability value related to the validity of the null hypothesis that the coefficient of variables FI (t-1), foreign trade (trade), inflation) is zero. Due to terrorist threats (IN), CF capital formation, Gross Domestic Stability (INV), and Human capital (H), the fixed value of the model is equal to 0.062, 0.042, 0.025, 0.046, 042, respectively. 0.8, 0.844, is smaller than the probability of the first type error 0.05. Therefore, at this level of error, the significance of the effect of these variables and the presence of a constant value in the model is not denied. The explanation coefficient of the model is equal to 0.738 and is larger than the standard limit of 0.7. Therefore, predicting the multidimensional poverty variable in Middle Eastern countries according to the independent variables considered in the model has relatively high accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

140 استغاده از اوراق مالى اسلامى به شكل انتشار اوراق 139 تا 0 o طى دوره زمانى سالهاى جديد، تبديل بدهىهاي غيراوراقى دولت بك اوراق مالى، تهاتر بين بدهىهاًى اوراقى دولت از طرف بخش غيربانكى بك شبكه بانكى و از شبكه بانكى بك بانى مركزى افزايش يافتنه 1ست٠ بر اين اساس، يروهش حاضر در يى تحليل ييامدهاى اقتصاد كلانى تأمين مالى دولت جمهورى اسلامى ايران از دو طريق رويكرد سنتى)غيراوراقى(و انتثار اوراق بهادار اسلامى از طريق الكوى تعادل بر متغيرهاى اصلى اقتصادى از جمله تورم، سرمايهكذار٠ى، اشتغال DSGE عمومى يوياى تصادفى و رشد اقتصادى است ٠ بدين منظور سعى شده است تا بر اساس مطالعات تجربى كذشته و دادههاى 140 (شبيه سازى انجام شده و توابع واكنش 0 :4-1369: فصلى اقتصاد ايران طى دوره زمانى) 1 آنى متغيرهاى اقتصاد كلان به شوكهاى بدهىهاى متعارف و اوراق مالى دولت به بانى مركزى، شبكه بانكى و بخشن غيربانكى بررسى دود ٠ نتايج بهدست آمده نشان مىدهد؛ تأمين مالى دولت با استغاده از بدهىهاى اوراقى به طور كلى سبب رشد سرمايهكذارى، جلوكيرى از افزايش تورم نسبت به روش تأمين مالى از طريق بد ۵ىهاى غيراوراقى و ايجاد رشد اقتصادى خواهد شد ٠ همجنين اثرات اين امر بر اشتغال در بدهىهاى اوراقى دولت به شبكه بانكى و به بانى مركزى مثبت و در بدهىهاًى اوراقى دولت به بخش غيربانكى منفى ارزيابى مىدود. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the article is to identify the changes of selected economic variables in Japan, Poland, the USA and the euro area and to evaluate the impact of these variables on these economies in 2000–2022. The hypothesis posed in the article: The economies of Japan, Poland, the USA and the euro zone have overcome the economic shocks that occurred in the first two decades of the 21st century. Methodology: The study included a review of the literature on the subject, the presentation and analysis of statistical data, including its graphical presentation. Six economic indicators were selected for analysis, such as: the unemployment rate, inflation, General Government debt, long-term interest rates, GDP per capita, and GDP growth in Japan, Poland, the United States and the euro area in 2000–2022. Results of the research: Over the past 20 years, economies have been hit by unprecedented crises such as the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and Covid-19, and yet we note that the surveyed countries and the euro zone showed positive economic growth for most of the period and successfully fought unemployment. Japan tried to get out of periods of deflation, but out of the examined 23 years, deflation was recorded in Japan for 15 years. In the years 2000–2022, the highest economic growth was most often recorded in Poland and the lowest in Japan, but the highest inflation was also most often recorded in Poland. In all the surveyed countries and the euro zone, a tendency to increase the GG of debt was clearly noticed.

The aim of the article is to identify the changes of selected economic variables in Japan, Poland, the USA and the euro area and to evaluate the impact of these variables on these economies in 2000-2022. The hypothesis posed in the article: The economies of Japan, Poland, the USA and the euro zone have overcome the economic shocks that occurred in the first two decades of the 21st century. Methodology: The study included a review of the literature on the subject, the presentation and analysis of statistical data, including its graphical presentation. Six economic indicators were selected for analysis, such as: the unemployment rate, inflation, General Government debt, longterm interest rates, GDP per capita, and GDP growth in Japan, Poland, the United States and the euro area in 2000-2022. Results of the research: Over the past 20 years, economies have been hit by unprecedented crises such as the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and Covid-19, and yet we note that the surveyed countries and the euro zone showed positive economic growth for most of the period and successfully fought unemployment. Japan tried to get out of periods of deflation, but out of the examined 23 years, deflation was recorded in Japan for 15 years. In the years 2000-2022, the highest economic growth was most often recorded in Poland and the lowest in Japan, but the highest inflation was also most often recorded in Poland. In all the surveyed countries and the euro zone, a tendency to increase the GG of debt was clearly noticed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prices play an important role in economic life, as they reflect the relative scarcity of each commodity or economic resource. In addition, it implicitly carries the opportunity costs of producing this commodity, especially agricultural commodities. And that prices cannot be achieved in the market through the mechanism of supply and demand without state intervention in one way or another, even in countries following the capitalist system and this is what is called price policy. Therefore, the agricultural price policy is one of the most important methods that the state resorts to achieve economic goals, whether to correct market deviations and bring them back to approach a state of perfect competition, or to increase price incentives for agricultural producers to correct imbalances between the supply and demand sides. It has different (direct and indirect) effects on the performance of agricultural price policy. And due to the different patterns of agricultural price policy from one country to another, the research aims to know and evaluate the pattern of agricultural price policy for each country of the research sample (wheat as a model) and the extent to which price policy is affected by the economic variables of each country, using the method of international comparisons. The research reached several important results, most notably the difference in the impact of the economic variable on the agricultural price policy from one country to another, in addition to the fact that the local markets for wheat in the countries of the research sample are non-competitive markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses machine learning techniques to investigate whether popular macroeconomic or sentiment factors are better at predicting stock market returns. We find that although either macroeconomic or sentiment variables alone fail to improve the Sharpe ratio of the stock market, combining the factors improves the Sharpe ratio from 0.48 to 0.62 and reduces the investment drawdowns by roughly 30% from 53 percentage points to 36 percentage points. This improvement is significant in both economic and statistical terms. We further evaluate the performance of strategies across business cycle and find that macroeconomic variables tend to outperform sentiment variables during market expansions and underperform during recessions. The combined performance of the macroeconomic and sentiment variables is particularly strong during the late stage of recessions when the stock market is close to its bottom. Our finding is robust to the choice of machine learning technique and indicates that sentiment and macroeconomic information is complementary and, therefore, should be considered jointly by investors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper determines the structural upgrading measurement indexes of the sports industry by analyzing the metrics from three perspectives: industrial structure advancement, rationalization, and coordination. With reference to the AD-AS model in economics, it introduces the positive exchange factor to improve the comprehensive supply model, utilizes the pressure factor and the negative exchange factor to improve the comprehensive supply-demand model, and obtains the improved SAD-SAS model. Based on the equilibrium relationship between aggregate supply and aggregate demand, five hypotheses regarding influence are proposed. The results show that the output growth rate fluctuation coefficient of the sports industry is 0.25-0.45, and the time, robust, and spatial elasticity economic growth volume shows a stable incremental curve with the incremental increase of time, which illustrates that the structural upgrading of the sports industry and the economic growth is a positive effect significant relationship.

Many economic variables are interdependent, restrictive, and influential. Finding the law of change between economic variables and influencing factors and expressing this law in mathematical expressions will bring great convenience to forecasting. A statistical analysis method that uses mathematical equations to determine the quantitative relationship between two or more variables. This is more commonly used when estimating and predicting the value of the dependent variable. The article analyzes the data on the National Bureau of Statistics website and uses the method of multiple linear regression to fit the graphs of economic indicators. Finally, the forecast data is analyzed in detail. We evaluated the modeling method of the prediction model and the credibility of the prediction data from a practical level.

Copyright of Al-Anbar University Journal of Economic & Administration Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Anbar University Journal of Economic & Administration Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The availability of tourism-related big data increases the potential to improve the accuracy of tourism demand forecasting but presents significant challenges for forecasting, including curse of dimensionality and high model complexity. A novel bagging-based multivariate ensemble deep learning approach integrating stacked autoencoder and kernel-based extreme learning machine (B-SAKE) is proposed to address these challenges in this study. By using historical tourist arrival data, economic variable data, and search intensity index (SII) data, we forecast tourist arrivals in Beijing from four countries. The consistent results of multiple schemes suggest that our proposed B-SAKE approach outperforms the benchmark models in terms of level accuracy, directional accuracy, and even statistical significance. Both bagging and stacked autoencoder can effectively alleviate the challenges brought by tourism big data and improve the forecasting performance of the models. The ensemble deep learning model we propose contributes to tourism demand forecasting literature and benefits relevant government officials and tourism practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the past period, Iraqi-Kuwaiti relations faced many problems that affected the stability of political and economic relations between the two countries. The roots of these problems go back to the circumstances of the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990, and to the period of the American occupation of Iraq in 2003 and the resulting security and political repercussions that have affected In the stability of Iraq's relations with neighboring countries, including Kuwait, as well as the survival of many outstanding contentious issues between the two countries, they remained unresolved and were often renewed between the two parties, most notably the issue of borders and navigation, which had a negative impact on the development of Iraqi-Kuwaiti relations. Despite the qualitative improvement in relations between Iraq and Kuwait after the US withdrawal from Iraq in 2011, past concerns, suspicion and mistrust have always pushed the two countries to exchange accusations. In addition, the US-Iranian rivalry and their influence in Iraq and Kuwait posed another challenge to the stability and future of relations between the two countries. Both Iraq and Kuwait have sought to distance themselves from entering into regional conflicts and to form joint ministerial committees that study all possibilities of solutions in the event of an emergency dispute that threatens the future of relations between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economic & Managerial Researshes is the property of Faculty of Economic Sciences, Commercial & Managerial Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction Dietary diversity is a feature of healthy diets. This is because essential nutrients are not present in one type of food at the same time, rather, they are found in a diet consisting of several nutrients. However, in recent years, the food tastes of Iranian families have shifted to high-calorie and non-nutritional value foods, which has increased the number of patients with non-communicable diseases in the country. The choice and acceptance of different diets depends on environmental, economic, socio-cultural and psychological factors. Materials and Methods Since ensuring health and food security is one of the strategic goals of the country 20-year vision document, the present study evaluates the dietary diversity of households and its effective factors in Tehran province. To achieve this goal, the raw information of household expenditure-income in 2020 has been used. In the present study, the Berry dietary diversity index (BI) was used to quantify the dietary diversity variable and the order logit model was used to investigate and evaluate the effect of demographic, economic and social variables on it. Results and Discussion The results showed that only 23.2% of Tehran households have high dietary diversity and 76.8% of households have low or medium dietary diversity. Based on the results, the variables of head household age, place of residence, working hours of household head and household income level has a positive (direct) association and in contrast, the variables of head of household literacy, household size and employment status of head of household in a negative (inverse) direction affect the level of dietary diversity of households in Tehran province. Conclusion The food diversity of households in Tehran province is very low. If the food price level is low and stable, increasing incomes can lead consumers to diversify their food baskets and move from consuming low-value cereals and root and tuber products to consuming high-nutrition foods such as meat, dairy, and fruits and vegetables. In this regard, a review of the experience of many European, Latin American and Asian countries shows that stability in food prices along with cash aid and targeted food packages can increase consumption and food diversity of households and food security in poor households, especially women and children. Families living in Tehran province, which have a larger population, have less food diversity. As the household dimension increases, the minimum food needs increase; this reduces the volume and quality of food available to the household and leads to food insecurity. In the current situation, the country is struggling with economic problems caused by sanctions, inflation, unemployment. Continuation of this, along with lack of effective support for families, can deprive families of the ability and facilities to have more children due to foodinsecurity. Accordingly, the correct and complete design and implementation of incentive policies and support for large families is necessary. Finally, the role and importance of education and literacy of households in their food diversity is very high. In this regard, responsible organizations can play an important role in obtaining, processing and understanding nutrition information and how to access credible information sources through culture and specialized and general training in food literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Al-Frahids Arts is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and Objective: Lifestyle is one of the factors influencing health. The lifestyle of pregnant women undergoes many changes during pregnancy and childbirth. The aim of this study was to identify socio-economic determinants affecting the lifestyle of pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive-analytic study carried out on 300 pregnant women in Yazd who were selected by random sampling. Data collection tools include demographic information questionnaire and HPLPII profile. Data were entered into SPSS 18. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used for analysis. Significant level was

The study analyzes the impact of economic growth, energy consumption, foreign direct investment inflows, population, population density, labor force, and trade openness on carbon dioxide emissions in seven emerging Asian economies over the period 1991–2017. To this end, it uses cross-section dependence test, second-generation unit root test, panel cointegration, and the bound test for cointegration and the autoregressive distributed lag estimations. The findings of the study are as follows: first, the kinked exponential growth is estimated for all the variables on the individual data set of seven countries. Second, the study finds a positive association of economic growth, energy consumption, population, and population density on carbon dioxide emissions. Third, it finds that the foreign direct investment inflows are negatively associated with carbon dioxide emissions. The paper also suggests potential implications and some future research avenues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to some problems, an efficient tax system has not yet been fully implemented in the country; therefore, zakat can be considered as one of the important Islamic taxes. Therefore, in this study, the impact of economic, political and social factors affecting the collected zakat in selected and large provinces of Iran is investigated. For this purpose, data related to the years 2003-2014 and the data panel method have been used to estimate the model. The results of this comparison show that the variables of per capita income, value added of agricultural sector and value added of industrial sector as economic variables, life expectancy index and population growth rate as social variables have a positive effect on zakat income in the studied provinces. The coefficient of per capita income variable is higher than the others and shows the greater effectiveness of this variable. The variable of political freedom index during the period under study has no significant effect on zakat income in selected provinces.

Although the number of women entrepreneurs has increased in recent years, it is still lower than that of men. In addition, although the sports sector has been characterized by its growth in recent years and contributes to the GDP of the countries by generating employment, the role that this has within female entrepreneurship has never been analysed. Therefore, the objective of this study is to know the combinations of conditions (female employment in sports, government support, financing for entrepreneurs, perception of entrepreneurial opportunities and capacities, glass ceiling index and masculine values in society) that generate high levels of female entrepreneurship in the countries of the European Union, as these values are closer to the male TEA (Total Early-Stage Entrepreneurial Activity). A total of 13 European countries were analysed using the fsQCA methodology. The results show that, for high levels of female TEA, the main combination is high levels of government support*high levels of glass ceiling index*low levels of masculinity*low levels of opportunities perception and high levels of female employment in sport, explaining 45% of the cases. The results present a series of implications for improving female entrepreneurship in the European Union countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

David J DiBenedetto,1,2 Kelly M Wawrzyniak,1,2 Michael E Schatman,1,3 Ronald J Kulich,2,4 Matthew Finkelman5 1Boston PainCare, Waltham, MA, USA; 2Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Tufts School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; 3Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; 4Department of Anesthesia Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School/Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; 5Division of Biostatistics and Experimental Design, Tufts School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA Objective: To evaluate clinical outcomes and health care utilization at 12 months post spinal cord stimulator (SCS) implantation compared with baseline and a matched sample of patients receiving conventional medical management (CMM) for the treatment of low back and lower extremity pain.Patients: A retrospective study of patients with at least 24 months of active treatment at an interdisciplinary community pain center between December 1, 2014 and December 31, 2017. Thirty-two patients receiving implantation of a high-frequency (10 kHz) SCS and 64 patients receiving CMM were identified through propensity matching at a ratio of 2:1.Methods: Data were extracted from medical records, including pain severity, prescribed opioid dose in morphine milligram equivalents, patient perception of disability, and volume of interventional pain procedures and total office visits to the pain center.Results: Reductions in opioid dose were significantly greater for the SCS group than the CMM group. The 26.2 mg morphine equivalent dose reduction represents a 28% reduction from baseline, with 71.4% of those prescribed opioids in the SCS group reducing their dose at 12 months post-implant. Among those with SCS, there were significant within-group reductions in numerical pain score for low back and lower extremity pain, reducing by 46.2% and 50.9% from baseline, respectively. Change in functional pain score was not significant for either SCS group or CMM. Both groups had significant within-group reduction in disability. Reduction of interventional procedure volume was significant for both groups with a greater reduction observed in the SCS group. Office visit volume reduction was significant for the CMM group, but this was not a significant difference from the SCS group.Conclusions: Results support the efficacy of 10 kHz SCS for analgesia, reduction of opioid utilization, reduction of interventional pain procedures, and patient perception of disability. Keywords: high-frequency (10 kHz) spinal cord stimulation, analgesia, opioids, disability, economic variables

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of food prices on the macroeconomic variables of Turkey. The effects are investigated using monthly data for the period January 1980-January 2016. A structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) model is employed for the analysis. Impulse response functions are obtained to assess the impact of food price shocks on the macroeconomic variables of Turkey. To this end, SVAR model is employed as suggested by Cushman and Zha (1997). The impulse responses gathered suggest that the food price causes Turkish Lira (TRY) to appreciate and inflation to increase contemporaneously. This study provides an important contribution to the literature in terms of determining the factors and presenting the measures to be taken against these factors for Turkey which is a developing country and sensitive to macroeconomic factors.

Copyright of Journal of Kirkuk University for Administrative & Economic Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and Objective: Lifestyle is one of the factors influencing health. The lifestyle of pregnant women undergoes many changes during pregnancy and childbirth. The aim of this study was to identify socio-economic determinants affecting the lifestyle of pregnant women Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive-analytic study carried out on 300 pregnant women in Yazd who were selected by random sampling. Data collection tools include demographic information questionnaire and HPLPII profile. Data were entered into SPSS 18. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used for analysis. Significant level was <0.05. Results: The mean score of health promoting behaviors of pregnant women was 154.9 ± 2.2. The highest mean score belonged to the spiritual growth dimension (30 ± 3.6) and the lowest mean belonged to the physical activity dimension (17.8 ± 10.2). According to the results, there was a significant relationship between age, education and employment of pregnant women and education of spouse with health promoting behaviors (P <0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, demographic, social and economic variables have an effect on the lifestyle of pregnant women and attention to it should be considered as a priority in planning related to providing health services and macro-national policies to improve maternal and children health should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This study investigates the predictive power of EUI. • The results show that the EUI is superior to predict Chinese stock returns. • Additionally, the EUI outperforms nine popular economic variables. • Cumulative squared forecast error confirms China's effectiveness in prediction. • Robustness checks are consistent with the empirical results presented. This study investigates the predictive power of energy-related uncertainty (EUI) from China, the U.S., and globally on Chinese stock market returns using the CSI 300 index as a representative and incorporating nine popular economic variables for comparison. The results show that the EUI is superior to predict Chinese stock returns, with China's EUI leading, followed by its global and U.S. counterparts. Additionally, the EUI outperforms nine popular economic variables. Cumulative squared forecast error confirms China's effectiveness in prediction. Robustness checks are consistent with the empirical results presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complexity in the management and variability of environmental factors in the agricultural, environmental and food industries has brought about the demand for developing robust methods that allow multiple variables to operate with compound dependencies and are inert to changing situation conditions (e.g. changing the agrarian policy of the state). Therefore, new attempts are being made to cope with these problems (i.e. complexity in control and the instability of initial conditions). There is one solution based on interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary approaches; these methods were chosen for our case study on the agribusiness sector, where we use economic variables in the transformed form. This transformation allowed us to determine the optimal parameter settings (regarding factor instability) and the potential for regulating agribusiness activities using the corporate cybernetic diagrams. Estimations of the position and variability of the input values of the factors were carried out using a random vector. The practical experiment was conducted on the Agro-farm Krasna as a case study, thereby making it easy to repeat the designed procedure.

The main purpose of this study is to examine the effects of terrorism on the economy with three research questions. These research questions are: (1) Does terrorism affect the economy? (2) What are the effects on the economy? (3) Is there any causality effect between terrorism and economic variables? For that purpose, the literature on the subject was reviewed in terms of the direct short-term effects and indirect long-term effects of terrorism on the economy. The method of the study was a stand-alone literature revİew. Totally, 159 articles and 15 books/book chapters - published between 2001-2019 - were examined closely using the content analysis technique. In the short-term, it was observed that terrorism generatesa cost, proportionate tTo the number of terrorist incidents, in the countries where it takes place; but this cost is small compared to natural disasters. As for the long-term effects of terrorism, it is asserted that terrorism has different kinds of indirect effects on economic variables, but these seem to emerge in the course of the middle and longterm. It can be observed that terrorism negatively affects growth/national income and terrorism seems to have a negative impact on the direct inflow of foreign capital. However, the effect of terrorism on trade is ambiguous. It can be deduced that terrorism discourages private investment and distorts patterns of private consumption and saving to some different degrees. Terrorism triggers government security expenditure and is an additional burden on the budget. It can also be asserted that terrorism has a negative effect on the stock market index and on the tourism sector. Moreover, there seem to be causalities between terrorism and some economic variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the explanatory power of Chinese economic variables on Australian and New Zealand equity returns. Results suggest that Chinese economic variables have significant explanatory power for both market‐level and industry‐level portfolio returns. Our results are robust when using the principal component analysis (PCA) approach. We also find the predictive power is stronger for the post‐FTA period. In addition, the out‐of‐sample analysis confirms our previous results, suggesting that Chinese economic variables contain incremental information when estimating Australian and New Zealand equity market returns. We believe our findings have important implications for investors and policymakers in both countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Financial, Accounting & Managerial Studies is the property of Journal of Financial, Accounting & Managerial Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Global Journal of Economics & Business is the property of Refaad for Studies, Research & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Manufacturing sales prediction is an important measure of national economic development trends. The plastic injection molding machine industry has its own independent R and D energy and mass production technology, with all products sold globally through international brands. However, most previous injection molding machine studies have focused on R and D, production processes, and maintenance, with little consideration of sales activity. With the development and transformation of Industry 4.0 and the impact of the global economy, Taiwan's injection molding machine industry growth rate has gradually flattened or even declined, with company sales and profits falling below expectations. Therefore, this study collected key indicators for Taiwan's export economy from 2008 to 2017 to help understand the impact of economic indicators on injection molding sales. We collected 35 indicators, including net entry rate of employees into manufacturing industries, trend indices, manufacturing industry sales volume indices, and customs export values. We used correlation analysis to select variables affecting plastic injection machine sales and artificial neural networks (ANN) were applied to predict injection molding machine sales at each level. Prediction results were verified against the correlation indicators, and seven key external economic factors were identified to predict accurate changes in company annual sales prediction, which will be helpful for effective resource and risk management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the effect of market variables on biodiesel production and considers a calcium oxide catalyzed transesterification process. A conceptual process simulation of a plant using Super Pro software was used to vary the economic scenarios and to evaluate the effects of selected variables such as prices of biodiesel, glycerol, oil, alcohol, catalyst, equipment maintenance, labor, and tax variation. Changing the values of these variables led to large effects on the overall economics of the production process. Oil purchasing cost exerted a larger influence on the economic outcome, with an approximately 73% decrease in net present value (NPV) for a 22% increase in the oil purchasing cost. Under optimum conditions the process would be profitable for oil costs below 590US$ ton−1. Varying the equipment maintenance costs produced a smaller effect, which could allow the amount of cost allocated for routine maintenance activities to be increased to sustain the productivity of the process. The study could also provide cutoff values for each variable for economic feasibility of the process at the given market scenario. © 2019 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Anbar University for Law & Political Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Menoufia Journal of Agricultural Economic & Social Science is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to investigate the short-run and long-run relationship between economic variables and the unemployment rate in South Asian countries. A panel vector error correction model is used to establish the long-run and the short-run relationship between the unemployment rate and the selected economic variables. Data were collected from WDI, WGI, and FDSD for the years 1994–2016. In order to determine the direction of the relationship, the Granger causality test was used. Impulse response functions (IRFs) and forecast error variance decomposition were used to assess the stability of the relationship between the unemployment rate and economic variables over time. The finding of the study showed a negative and significant relationship at the 5% level of significance between governance, internet users, mobile cellular subscriptions, fixed broadband subscriptions, and human capital and the unemployment rate of South Asian economies. On the other hand, financial activity (credit) and population growth had a positive and significant relationship with the unemployment rate. Finally, the Granger causality test showed bidirectional causality between governance and unemployment rate, while internet users and fixed broadband subscriptions showed unidirectional causality with the unemployment rate; furthermore, population growth, financial activity (credit), mobile cellular subscriptions, and human capital showed no causality in the short run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oil exploration has been subject to economic research for decades. Earlier studies of exploration models are mostly discussed the behavior of exploration at the macro-level analysis such as field, firm, region, and continental. This paper then focuses on the geological and economic factors that determine the well-drilling decision at the micro-level using disaggregated panel data of 32 geological basins in Indonesia over the period of 2004–2013. This study shows that the number of drilled wells is determined significantly by the lag of success rate, lag of discovery size, lag of global oil price, and regional location of geological basin. Abstrak Eksplorasi migas telah menjadi subyek ekonomi dalam beberapa dekade. Studi-studi sebelumnya dengan model eksplorasi, kebanyakan mengembangkan model Fisher (1964), secara umum dikelompokkan oleh persamaan yang menjelaskan respons eksplorasi pada tingkat makro menggunakan lapangan, perusahaan, wilayah, dan kontinental. Paper ini fokus pada analisis faktor-faktor geologi dan ekonomi yang menentukan tingkat sumur pemboran pada tingkat mikro menggunakan data panel dari 32 basin di Indonesia dalam periode 2004–2013. Hasil empiris menunjukkan bahwa tingkat sumur pemboran ditentukan secara signifikan berdasarkan tingkat keberhasilan pemboran, ukuran temuan dan harga minyak pada tahun sebelumnya serta lokasi basin geologis. Kata kunci: Pengeboran; Variabel Geologi; Variabel Ekonomi; Eksplorasi JEL classifications: L71; Q35

The research aims to draw some indicators that help in analyzing the situation of the agricultural labor force in Egypt, especially as the different agricultural policies directly affect the interaction of all economic variables, including demand for agricultural labor. The study examined a number of objectives in an attempt to achieve them using the inductive method of economic analysis in quantitative and descriptive terms, and using some statistical methods of analysis, including multiple regression method, using the dummy variables to identify the effects of the structural variables of agricultural policies on the variables evaluated by using the Chow Test. The results of the study showed a positive effect on the value of the wage of the agricultural worker, total employment and agricultural employment in Egypt. Based on the above, the study recommends the need to link agricultural investments and establishment of projects with seasonal demand for agricultural labor by intensifying and activating the role of agricultural investments in the establishment of agricultural projects that absorb intensive labor such as sorting, packaging and packaging of vegetables, fruit and agricultural processing, Reclamation and cultivation of new land in national projects in Toshka and East Awainat, to address the problem of unemployment in the agricultural sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Finance & Business Economies Review is the property of Finance & Business Economies Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)