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Copyright of Leisure Time Research / Laisvalaikio Tyrimai is the property of Lithuanian Sports University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article is devoted to the system of evaluating the effectiveness of the activities of state bodies of the Republic of Kazakhstan in terms of personnel management. This assessment makes it possible to identify positive and negative trends in the activities of state bodies, identify systemic problems and develop practical recommendations for improving the efficiency of the activities of state bodies in the direction of personnel management. In Kazakhstan, the main approaches to the effective activities of state bodies are defined at the legislative level. Moreover, a methodology has been developed which states that the evaluation of these results is achieved via an objective assessment of the impact of the activities of central state bodies and local executive bodies on the development of the economy and society, alongside an analysis of the achievement of indicators of the results of the activities of the state body. Based on the study of international experience and a comparative analysis of criteria and indicators for evaluating efficiency in Kazakhstan and foreign countries, this study substantiates conclusions and recommendations for improving the system for evaluating the effectiveness of government agencies in terms of the direction of personnel management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transformations in Business & Economics is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamos gamybos proceso tobulinimo ir efektyvumo galimybės langų ir durų gamybos įmonėje. Tyrimo tikslas – išanalizuoti įmonės gamybos efektyvumą bei remiantis tyrimo rezultatais pateikti gamybos proceso tobulinimo ir darbo efektyvumo galimybes. Išanalizuota gamybos efektyvumo samprata. Atliktas esamo įmonės efektyvumo vertinimas. Pateiktos įmonės darbo efektyvumo didinimo galimybės. Taikytas mokslinės literatūros, įmonės dokumentų analizės ir vizualinio stebėjimo metodas. Atliktas gaminių normavimas, kurio metu nustatytas 2021 m. įmonės efektyvumas, lyginant normavimo duomenis įmonė dirba efektyviau nei 2016 m., išskirtos didžiausios ir dažniausiai pasitaikančios problemos gamyboje. Aptarus įmonės Lean valdymo sistemą, įdiegtus metodus ir įrankius, pasiūlytas Kaizen tobulinimo įrankis, skatinantis darbuotojus įsitraukti į įmonės gerinimo procesus ir Chaku-Chaku metodas, pašalinantis gaminių kaupimo vietas, todėl gamyba vyktų nenutrūkstamai. Išskirtos penkios nuostolių rūšys, kurios nekuria vertės produktui, todėl jas pašalinus sumažėtų sąnaudos, ištekliai ir išlaidos.

Effective public management is a guarantee for ensuring stable long-term rural development in Ukraine. The aim of this research is to develop a set of directions for improving the efficiency of the public management of Ukrainian rural areas based on the assessment of their development, the identification of problems of rural management, and lessons learnt from the experience of the European Union. The following methods are used: quantitative analysis of statistical data on the socio-economic development of Ukrainian rural areas and agriculture in Ukraine over a 10-year time period using one-dimensional statistical methods (UT) based on dependent, representative, and probabilistic sampling; comparative assessment of public management and state administration by means of literary review; “goal tree”, SMART-technology, and the analytical form of the Boolean algebra logical function used for forming a goal hierarchy of every subject of rural public management in Ukraine, as well as achieving the common general goal of public management in Ukrainian rural areas; formation of an integral indicator for assessing the quality of rural public management within the framework of the developed assessment methodology; and quantitative identification of consumers’ key requirements regarding the services of state and municipal government institutions within the framework of effective rural public management based on the use of panel data. This article reveals trends and problems of rural public management in Ukraine and concludes that it is necessary to improve the efficiency of such management, for which a set of optimization measures is being developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Performance appraisal is one of the most important business processes in a company. Although many authors write on this topic, the topic remains relevant due to the need to analyze the performance and uniqueness of companies, as each author conducting research must adapt the most appropriate system of indicators to the selected companies. Analyzing the scientific literature, it has been noticed that most of the articles on the topic of balanced indicators are prepared by foreign authors, and in Lithuania this topic is not widely developed. The problem of the article is: how to create a system of balanced indicators to evaluate the performance of selected companies. The aim of the research is to theoretically substantiate and empirically evaluate the performance of companies in the sales sector using a system of balanced indicators. For any company that wants to work profitably, performance appraisal from a variety of perspectives is very important. This is the method of assessment used in this article, which looks at a company’s performance from four perspectives: finance, customers, internal processes, and improvement and development. The study selects companies of a similar nature and size from the sales sector. Companies of a similar nature are selected in order to obtain more accurate results and to avoid exclusions. Methods used in the article: analysis of scientific literature, comparison of theoretical insights, system of balanced indicators, method of multicriteria evaluation – EDAS. The system of balanced indicators and the EDAS ranking method help to determine the competitiveness of companies and to interpret which perspective of the company’s activities needs to be improved in order to make the company’s operations more profitable and efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Paedagogica Vilnensia is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transformations in Business & Economics is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Facilities management is a set of solutions that helps to minimize the time and resources spent on real estate management issues and to extend the service life of the building and engineering systems. Smart technologies, which are discussed in the article, can be used to make facilities management more efficient. Facility managment can also be facilitated by a mobile app, the operating principles of which are described in the example in the article. During the research was interviewed by specialists of one facility management company. The analysis of the survey results allows us to conclude that facility management companies that provide their services in Vilnius use smart technologies, caste helps to perform facility managment services more efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Induction motors consume almost 70% of the world’s electricity as they are the driving force behind the vast majority of rotary mechanisms [1]. For industrial and domestic purposes alone, about a million new electric motors are commissioned annually. Single-phase induction motors (SPIMs) are superior to all other types of electrical machines that operate on a single-phase AC voltage network because of their simple and robust design and low cost. Therefore, a small improvement in the SPIM energy performance can have a strong impact on energy consumption worldwide and ultimately reduce emissions of harmful substances into environment. This article presents a technique for optimizing SPIM windings in order to maximize efficiency with a given and fixed phase-shifting capacitor. The positive effect of the application of the proposed method is confirmed by the results of SPIM industrial tests with various powers and rotor speeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transformations in Business & Economics is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agricultural Sciences / Zemès ukio Mokslai is the property of Lithuanian Academy of Sciences Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The construction supply chain is an integral part of the construction process, due to inadequate control of the construction supply chain, where competition and number of disturbances increase among all construction members. Disturbances occur in the supply chain functions such as material supply, production, storage, distribution, cash and information flow shortcomings. Inefficient supply chain management will prevent the desired outcome of a construction project and may also be detrimental to companies involved in the supply chain. Therefore, it is essential to properly plan every process in the supply chain and to find the most efficient solution and meet the needs of both the company and the customers. The article analyses the significance of factors and the potential influence of participants in the supply chain and provides the survey with application the relative importance index method. At the end of the article, specific construction supply chain relations are analysed, conclusions are drawn and a supply chain model is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents facility management effectiveness analysis taking into account theoretical aspects and scientific literature resources. Facility management concepts and its differences amongst Lithuania and other countries is provided within this article, highlighting the latest ISO 41001:2018 Facility management standard, which application is expected to expand the market development for facility management services. Furthermore, the article includes a discussion on the facility management transformation due to the newest technologies. Lastly, the article reveals scientific research results and factors influencing the facility management effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analysis of Lithuanian legislation has shown that documents regulating the development of teachers’ qualifications provides the teacher with an opportunity to improve personal, institutional and national educational needs for development, and defines requirements for educators and qualification development opportunities. However, research conducted in Lithuania shows that this process is frequently characterised as fragmentary, and that it lacks research on the needs of the development and planning of teachers’ qualifications, the connection with the educational process, and its practical application. In the meantime, teachers commonly disregarding the significance of the subsidiarity principle to the effectiveness of the development of teachers’ qualifications desire direct cooperation and the coordination of the need for the development of personal qualifications with the andragogue organiser, while ignoring the people responsible for it in educational institutions. The perception that the andragogue organiser’s activities must be designed taking into account not only the personal expectations of teachers but also the objectives and priorities of educational institutions and of the development of teachers’ qualifications raises a scientific issue: what type of andragogue organiser’s activity is effective for achieving the main goals (quality) in the development of teachers’ qualifications? The qualitative research conducted revealed the andragogue organiser’s role and the effectiveness of the activity and direction of improvement with respect to the performed functions, activity areas and competences, and justified the fundamental principles of the development of teachers’ qualifications. In the practical approach, empirical data presented in this article can be significant in: 1) seeking the effectiveness and improvement of activity of the andragogue organising teachers’ qualification development services in the Klaipėda district; 2) identifying the roles and responsibilities of the participants’ process in ensuring its quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transportation sector has a particularly strong impact on governments' efforts to achieve the objectives of decarbonisation. This is especially true for road transport, where the main challenge is to switch to clean vehicles, electric cars being the most popular ones. Despite the advantages and growing popularity of electric vehicles, the development of their use is hampered by the price which is higher than that of conventional cars driven on fossil fuels. All countries possess limited resources, which necessitates the determination of how particular results can be achieved with the lowest possible material and time costs. In all countries, the majority of the road vehicle fleet consists of privately owned cars. Therefore, the assessment of individual promotion measures calls for taking into account not only expert opinions and financial gains, but also consumer preferences that can appear to be the main barrier to the development of the use of new technologies. Scientific literature contains a variety of the methods for assessing promotion of the use of electric cars based on different methodologies or their combinations. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of a measure effectiveness assessment system that would fully summarize consumer preferences, feasibility and efficiency, and would consider the costs of implementing financial and non-financial promotion measures. The main purpose of this article is to research the practice of assessing electric vehicle promotion measures and conceptualize the model for assessing the effectiveness of electric vehicle promotion measures. The methods of the research include scientific literature analysis, systematization and comparative analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transformations in Business & Economics is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the main cause of acquired neurological disability in the young people. In MS treatment, disease modifying therapies (DMTs) are essential to reduce disease progression by suppressing the inflammatory response responsible for promoting lesion formation. Injectable (Interferons and Glatiramer acetate) and infusion (Natalizumab, Alemtuzumab) therapies are both effective however rather exhausting for patients. Recently, in addition to the injectable and infusion DMTs, new orally administered drugs have been approved for MS therapy: fingolimode, dimethyl fumarate, and teriflunomide. These drugs act with different mechanisms on the immune system and are more comfortable for MS patients. In this review we provide a systematic description of the new oral drugs fingolimod, dimethyl fumarate and teriflunomide and also introduce the influence of polymorphic gene variants in the Human Leukocyte Antigen region on the risk of developing MS and its progression and effectiveness of DMTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific literature, LR legal acts and analysis of research conducted in Lithuania shows that the process of teachers' qualification development is related to adult education and organization of teaching / learning, is relevant as a source of improvement of teachers' pedagogical as well as andragogical activity and acquisition of new competences. But this process is complicated and consists of professional activity's self-assessment / assessment, planning, self-improvement / improvement, practical application, reflection and as an aspect of quality assurance it is a repeated cycle of actions to improve quality. Knowing that andragogue organiser's professionalism is one of the most important conditions for this process to be successfully and qualitatively implemented, the issue raised in this article is: what is the role of andragogue organiser's professionalism in striving for effectiveness of teachers' qualification development? The conducted quantitative research confirmed the importance of andragogue organiser's professionalism for the effectiveness of this process. It is found that the main objective of teachers' qualification development, that is, the quality of their professional activities and the acquisition of new competences will be achieved if the andragogue organiser will professionally implement the teachers' qualification development process beginning with analysis of learning needs and ending with practical application of acquired competences. In the practical approach empirical data presented in this article can be significant in: 1) seeking to reveal the effectiveness of activity of Klaipeda District Education Centre that provides teachers' qualification development services; 2) improving and ensuring the quality of this process; 3) achieving andragogue organiser's professionalism (internal professionalism - improvement of professional competences by examining the analysis of research results, external professionalism - justification of andragogue organiser's role of professionalism in the effectiveness of teachers' qualification development). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important scientific and technical problem of increasing the efficiency of CHP steam turbine units through the optimization of their operation modes and the creation of new highly efficient flow parts of cogenerating turbines is solved. Solutions to the problem of rational distribution of heat loads between the network heaters of cogeneration turbines during the heating period are presented. The calculations were performed using the software package SCAT which was developed in IPMach NAS of Ukraine. The carrying out of calculations of three-dimensional turbulent flows in flow parts of turbines using modern software systems is an effective direction of increased efficiency of power equipment. For the numerical research of three-dimensional currents, steam in the flow part of the steam turbine software package IPMFlow which is developed in IPMach NAS of Ukraine is used. With the use of software package IPMFlow, the researches of three-dimensional currents steam in the flow part of the medium pressure cylinder of the steam turbine of series T-100-130 are carried, which showed the feasibility of optimizing the geometry of the flow part in order to improve gas-dynamic characteristics of blades apparatuses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to the study of the problem of effective quality evaluation of the implementation of municipal target programs in the regions of the Russian Federation. The evaluation of target programs is a methodologically complex process that requires not only specific knowledge, but also well-formed tools (approaches for effectiveness assessment). The authors revealed that there is no all-purpose approach to assess the effectiveness of municipal target programs in municipalities of the Russian Federation. However, municipalities develop different criteria and scales to evaluate the effectiveness of different programs. It is determined that the assessment is mainly based on two indicators, namely, the social outcome and budget efficiency resulting from the assessment of achievement of the planned targets of indicators. The authors emphasize the importance to interconnect the indicators of target programs' implementation and strategic industrybased plans. The method of integral assessment of program effectiveness is developed to make it possible to evaluate the implementation of programs at each stage to compare the results with the planned ones and to record critical moments that affect the effectiveness of program implementation to use tools to eliminate or minimize the impact of the risk events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Man & the Word / Zmogus ir zodis is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Changing business environments require a different leadership. Global information technology (IT) leaders must demonstrate in-depth competencies in technology and business as well as softer interpersonal skills. Studies provide disputed evidence regarding the psychological factors that contribute to a leader's efficiency. This study analyses what the most important competencies for effective IT leadership in local and global IT organisations are. An integrative literature review was used to examine and summarise previous research in global IT literature. The competencies' framework, containing three levels (core traits, personal character, and ability) and four dimensions (intercultural, interpersonal, global, and global organisational) (Kim & McLean, 2015), was chosen to examine psychological factors that contribute to IT leadership effectiveness. The results show that features related to adaptation of the cultural environment are significant for a global leader. Personality traits (extraversion, awareness, and openness to experience), characteristics (self-esteem, self-efficiency, global mindset, and motivation), and abilities (communication skills, leadership style, and experience), within the organisational context are related to higher leadership efficiency. Local and global leaders differ in the significance of social intelligence (IQ, EQ, and CQ). Sufficient educational interventions can improve an individual's effectiveness regarding global leadership challenges. This study discovers guidelines for development and education of IT leaders which include strengthening personality traits related to performance, utilising communication gaps, leveraging cultural differences, promoting trust and motivation, fostering leadership roles and attitudes,composing teams based on teamwork and task work, and modelling and practising other critical competencies for global leadership through crosstraining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pedagogy Studies / Pedagogika is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

For critically important power systems, some repair works should be performed by one repair brigade at the same time. Conditions for performing different works are often characterized by uncertainties. In practice, the term is given for each work, and possible damages exist if the performance of works is not well-timed. Taking into account these factors, the sequence of performing heterogeneous repair works essentially influences the safety and/or efficiency of the power system. The method of rational dispatching of the sequence of heterogeneous repair works considering the requirements of timeliness for their performance is proposed in this paper. The rational sequence of works is established by criteria of minimizing integral damages based on the best choices from different dispatcher technologies and their parameters (such as distribution of work call types by priorities, distribution of call priorities into groups, appointment of technologies inside groups). A possible effect is demonstrated by an example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dimethyl fumarate is a third oral therapy approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Dimethyl fumarate and fumaric acid esters have been well known for many years as they are effective for the treatment of psoriasis. However, only a few years ago, two Phase III clinical trials have shown that dimethyl fumarate is also effective and safe in the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Since 2016, treatment with dimethyl fumarate is also available and compensated for patients in Lithuania. The drug is used to treat patients with first line treatment ineffective enough, contraindicated, or when side effects appear to first line treatment. The article presents the mechanism of action of dimethyl fumarate, its efficacy and safety in clinical trials and its place in a multiple sclerosis treatment algorithm. Patients treated with dimethyl fumarate at Vilnius university hospital Santaros klinikos and treatment appointment indications are reviewed; the efficacy and safety, as well as side effects of the drug that led to its discontinuation are evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Socialiniai Tyrimai is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper analyses new coming challenges in Lithuanian public procurement law implementing new Directives 2014/25/EU and 2014/24/EU. According to European Union (EU) rules, public sector procurement must follow transparent, open procedures that ensure fair conditions of competition for suppliers. Under the Directives, the new Law on Public Procurement of the Republic of Lithuania should stimulate innovation and economic development, supporting the achievement of other policy objectives at EU level - namely innovation, green growth and social inclusion. Data analysis focuses on the findings of qualitative research conducted in 2014 on the perceptions and experiences of actors in the field of public procurement with regard to EU draft and guidelines, the transposing of EU law into national law, and the promotion of initiatives to build public procurement policy and become more efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complex effectiveness and emission studies were carried out for heating boilers of low heat output, fired with wood fuel. The studies were completed in a series of stages. The first step was directed at the investigation of properties of currently used biofuel made of biomass and potentially perspective biofuel made of agromass in order to determine specific properties and how fuel should be prepared so that it could be efficiently burned in heating boilers. The second stage included numerical and experimental studies of various combustion chambers of heating boilers and air/flue gas canals in order to improve air/combustion product mixing and assuring proper combustion products' presence time in the hot zone and their temperature. During the last stage, the distribution of the particulate matter concentration in combustion products depending on their size and reduction methods of the concentration were analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Baltic Journal of Road & Bridge Engineering (Baltic Journal of Road & Bridge Engineering) is the property of Baltic Journal of Road & Bridge Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Edukologijos magistrė Vilniaus universiteto Edukologijos katedra Universiteto g. 9/1, Vilnius El. paštas: ruta.bikulciute@gmail.com Profesorius socialinių mokslų (edukologijos) habilituotas daktaras Vilniaus universiteto Edukologijos katedra Universiteto g. 9/1, tel. (370) 5 266 7626 El. paštas: rimantas.zelvys@fsf.vu.lt Aukštojo mokslo masiškumo tendencijos ir valstybinio finansavimo nepakankamumas paskatino aukštąsias mokyklas ieškoti alternatyvių finansavimo šaltinių. Vienas iš populiariausių yra studijų apmokestinimas. Šiomis sąlygomis, siekiant užtikrinti studijų prieinamumą, buvo atsigręžta į studijų paskolas, kurios suteikia galimybę studentams gauti lėšų studijų išlaidoms padengti ir leidžia valstybei taupyti lėšas. Studijų paskolų efektyvumo klausimas aktualus ir Lietuvoje, nes pagal dabartinį studijų finansavimo modelį, dalis studentų moka už studijas savo lėšomis.

One of the biggest challenges for performance measurement is integration of different aspects of organizational performance, which are very different by their nature, are measured by completely different, not comparable indicators. Organizational and individual-level performance indicators, although naturally and organically linked, but, nevertheless, are measured in different dimensions, could serve as an example. Performance measurement, in one or another form, is spread across various management disciplines: Strategic management, Quality management, Process improvement, and Performance appraisal as a part of Human resources management. Organizational level indicators prevail in Strategic management systems, both organizational level and individual level performance indicators can be found in Quality management and Process improvement systems, and individual level performance indicators are dominant in Human resource management. The link between the indicators of these two levels is of particular importance, if they are not properly connected, employees' motivation and compensation for work becomes quite formal and does not match overall goals of organization. The difference of the performance measurement in the public and private sectors is determined not only by the different nature of these sectors, but also by different historical traditions. Because of the complexity of the public sector organizations' mission, private sector organizations' performance evaluation can be regarded as an isolated case of performance evaluation in public sector organizations. Performance indicators should be clearly distinguished from the factors determining the level of performance, which are no less important, however, are often confused with each other. The first are used to monitor performance, the latter - to improve it. Individual level performance indicators could be more useful in searching the factors determining performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transformations in Business & Economics is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pedagogy Studies / Pedagogika is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agricultural Sciences / Zemès ukio Mokslai is the property of Lithuanian Academy of Sciences Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Paedagogica Vilnensia is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)