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OHEJP Project: ECOHEN The aim of this study was to address the flow of antimicrobial resistance determinants in the full laying hen production cycle (four batches followed from day-old chicks to 83/84-week-old layers), using cephalosporinresistant E. coli as a model and their characterization using whole genome sequencing (WGS). Fifteen out of 22 samples analysed yielded growth on MacConkey agar with cefotaxime (1 mg/L). Of these, 141 isolates were identified as E. coli and 47 were characterized by WGS. Genes detected were three ESBL (blaCTX-M-1 (n = 19); blaCTX-M-14 (n = 1); and blaSHV-12 (n = 9)) and one AmpC (blaCMY-2 (n = 13)). Some isolates only harboured blaTEM-1B (n = 2) or blaTEM-1D (n = 1). IncI1 plasmids were the main platform for ESBL/AmpC genes. In addition, five clones were identified harbouring blaCTX-M-1 (two), blaSHV-12 (one) and blaCMY-2 (two), drawing a clone-plasmid mixed flow model. Gene blaCTX-M-1 was found in the chromosomal DNA of clone 1 over 14 months, and in IncI1/ST3 plasmids over six months; over six months blaSHV-12 was found harboured by clone 3 (IncI1/ST26 plasmids), and 15 months later in a non-replicon detected plasmid. Finally, blaCMY-2 spread for at least 16 months, mainly by IncK2 (including clone 4) and IncI1/ST12 (clone 5) plasmids.

Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal, 50, 2, 471-480

Submitted by Érik Dos Santos Harada (erik.harada@unesp.br) on 2021-08-24T18:08:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 013-2021-Érik dos Santos Harada-Dissertação.pdf: 2192518 bytes, checksum: 7d1e77a95fc2be602d1a074d94d59a90 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Fabio Sampaio Rosas null (fabio@dracena.unesp.br) on 2021-08-25T17:47:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Harada_es_me_dra.pdf: 2192518 bytes, checksum: 7d1e77a95fc2be602d1a074d94d59a90 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-08-25T17:47:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Harada_es_me_dra.pdf: 2192518 bytes, checksum: 7d1e77a95fc2be602d1a074d94d59a90 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-06-28 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) É verídico que as mudanças climáticas estão prejudicando a produção animal e vegetal em decorrência de extremos climáticos, levando a perdas econômicas e causando impactos ambientais. Neste sentido, é possível utilizar bancos de dados meteorológicos e produtivos com o intuito de gerar modelos capazes de auxiliar na tomada de decisão evitando perdas financeiras. Os dados armazenados são de extrema importância para o produtor rural, pois, com o auxílio de ferramentas de análise de dados, consegue-se extrair informações que os olhos humanos não são capazes de ver sem os recursos computacionais e estatísticos que os softwares de inteligência artificial possuem. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi criar faixas de conforto térmico e com a aplicação da mineração de dados desenvolver árvores de decisão baseadas em índices de conforto térmico, para galinhas poedeiras, em três diferentes aviários, em todas as estações do ano. Foi utilizado um banco de dados bioclimáticos e de desempenho de três aviários comerciais localizados em Bastos/SP, do ano de 2013 e 2014, para quatro estações do ano, denominadas de: ciclo 1, ciclo 2, ciclo 3, ciclo 4. Os dados foram organizados e classificados em planilhas eletrônicas. Posteriormente a esta etapa, houve o pré-processamento e os dados foram transcritos em formato compatível com o software Weka® para que fosse aplicado o algoritmo J48 (C4.5) para a realização da mineração de dados. Com base no banco de dados bioclimáticos, foi possível elaborar faixas de conforto térmico com base em temperatura (ºC) e umidade relativa (%) e as mesmas transcorreram para o desenvolvimento dos cenários possíveis para o software criar as árvores de decisão, fornecendo subsídios para que a decisão fosse tomada. A execução da técnica possibilitou a construção de modelos com coeficiente Kappa de 98% em média, evidenciando que o classificador da mineração de dados como excelente para a maioria (83%) dos modelos gerados. It is true that climate change is damaging animal and plant production due to weather extremes, leading to economic losses and causing environmental impacts. In this sense, it is possible to use meteorological and productive databases in order to generate models that can assist in decision making and avoid financial losses. The stored data is extremely important for the rural producer, because with the help of data analysis tools, it is possible to extract information that human eyes are not able to see without the computational and statistical resources that artificial intelligence software has. Thus, the objective of this study was to create thermal comfort ranges and with the application of data mining develop decision trees based on thermal comfort indices, for laying hens, in three different aviaries, in all seasons of the year. A bioclimatic and performance database of three commercial aviaries located in Bastos/SP, from the year 2013 and 2014, for four seasons of the year, called: cycle 1, cycle 2, cycle 3, cycle 4, was used. The data were organized and classified in electronic spreadsheets. After this step, there was the pre-processing and the data were transcribed into format compatible with Weka® software to be applied the J48 algorithm (C4.5) to perform data mining. Based on the bioclimatic database, it was possible to elaborate thermal comfort ranges based on temperature (ºC) and relative humidity (%) and the same were transcribed for the development of possible scenarios for the software to create the decision trees, providing subsidies for the decision to be made. The execution of the technique allowed the construction of models with Kappa coefficient of 98% on average, showing that the data mining classifier as excellent for most (83%) of the models generated. 88887.480645/2020-00

Reproductive rates of copepods are temperature-dependent, but poorly known for small copepods at low temperatures, hindering the predictions of population dynamics and secondary production in high-latitude ecosystems. We investigated egg hatching rates, hatching success and egg production of the small copepods Oithona similis and Microsetella norvegica (sac spawners) and Microcalanus pusillus (broadcast spawner) between March and August. Incubations were performed at ecologically relevant temperatures between 1.3 and 13.2°C, and egg production rates were calculated. All egg hatching rates were positively correlated to temperature, although with large species-specific differences. At the lowest temperatures, M. pusillus eggs hatched within 4 days, whereas the eggs from sac spawners took 3–8 weeks to hatch. The egg hatching success was ≤25% for M. pusillus, >75% for O. similis and variable for M. norvegica. The maximum weight-specific egg production rate (μg C μg−1 C d−1) of M. pusillus was higher (0.22) than O. similis (0.12) and M. norvegica (0.06). M. norvegica reproduction peaked at 6–8°C, the prevailing in situ temperatures during its reproductive period. The difference in reproductive rates indicates species-specific thermal plasticity for the three copepods, which could have implications for present and future population dynamics of the species in arctic fjords.

The reproductive performances of silver European eel in term of gonad development and egg production, employing slow-release implants with the androgen 17-MT (1Â mg) in combination with traditional weekly injection of carp pituitary extract (CPE) was evaluated. Wild female European eels (Anguilla anguilla) underwent a standard induction protocol with CPE and were randomly divided into three groups (N-group, no implant; Y-group, with implant; and control, C-group, no treatment). The results showed that 17-MT-treated females (Y-group) reproduced spontaneously about 6 weeks earlier than the N-group females with a saving of almost 40% in CPE and time of induction. Concerning artificial induction of maturation in female silver eels, our study demonstrated that they positively respond to androgen exposure also in terms of eggs productivity. Indeed, Y-group was more productive than N-group: in Y-group, 11 eels ensured an eggs production that exceeded 50% of initial body weight (BW), whereas in N-group only three eels have exceeded this value. The results suggest that 17-MT should be considered in future protocols for the improvement of the artificial reproduction of female silver European eels.

В результате исследований, проведенных на курах яичного кросса «Хайсекс коричневый», установили, что путем применения принудительной линьки возможно увеличить период использования птицы промышленного стада, в среднем на 24 недели, что позволит повысить эффективность производства яиц., As a result of the studies carried out on the chicken breed «High sex brown» it has been established that by applying forced molting it is possible to increase the period of industrial poultry use on average by 24 weeks what lets to raise egg production efficiency.

Egg production of cultivated broodstocks of orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides and larvae rearing were surveyed in Iran from 2008 to 2012. Broodstocks were obtained by rearing of 7 wild juveniles (587.57 ± 132.63 g body weight) which were caught from the north of Persian Gulf in October 2008 and reared to December 2012. Captured juvenile fishes were fed using defrosted trash fish at a rate of 4-6 percent of body weight per day. Four-year-old fishes spawned spontaneously, when average weight of females and males were about 7020 ± 1277 g and 5128 ± 253g respectively. Effects of four temperature ranges (23-24, 26-27, 28-29 and 31-32 °C) and three tank size ( 40L, 300L and 2400L) on hatching and survival rates were examined. Eggs were stocked as a density of 25 Eggs L^-1. Effects of tank size on hatching rate and survival of larvae were assessed at 1, 5, 10, 20 and 30 days after hatching (DAH). The optimal temperature range for hatching was 28-29°C. No difference was observed among hatching rates of fish within the various tank sizes. Survival rates of larvae in 2400L fiber glass tanks until 30 days after hatching were significantly higher than the other tanks. Results indicate this species can be reproduced and reared in large numbers under normal rearing conditions and carefully controlled temperature.

The shallow-living, benthopelagic copepod species Pseudocyclops xiphophorus Wells (R Soc Edimburg 67:1967), collected over a yearly cycle from the fouling material in the brackish water Lake Faro (North-eastern Sicily), showed marked seasonal fluctuations in population abundances, with maximum numbers recorded in autumn. Highest in situ egg production rates coincided with periods of low adult and juvenile densities and vice versa, except in autumn when peaks in egg production and adult population densities were coincident. In this period, mean daily egg production rates reached a maximum of 4–5 eggs per female, when surface water temperature was 17–18°C. Egg production rates declined drastically in winter and were completely arrested when surface temperatures dropped to 10–12°C. In March, daily egg production rates began to increase again with an increase in ambient temperatures, reaching a maximum at the end of August. In the laboratory, as in the field, mean daily egg production rates were positively correlated with temperature, with values ranging from 2.2 ± 0.3 (16°C) to 8.9 ± 2.6 (30°C) (mean ± S.D.) eggs per female per day. At 32°C, P. xiphophorus females survived but did not reproduce. At 34°C, all specimens died after a few days. In terms of total egg production for the entire female lifespan, maximum values occurred at 16°C and minimum at 24°C. Temperature also dramatically affected female life span, which was shorter at higher temperatures. Development time of eggs decreased with increasing temperature, as also development time from egg to adulthood. Remating was necessary for the continued production of fertile eggs at 16°C because female life span was longer. The unique egg-laying behaviour in this species may ensure higher survival rates of egg stages compared to free-spawning and egg-carrying calanoid species. After releasing the egg pair, the female swims over the eggs with a rotatory motion, secreting a substance which facilitates the adhesion of the eggs to the bottom; she then continues to swim over the eggs until they are attached. Although egg production rates in this species are low compared to other pelagic copepods, they are within the range of values reported for egg-carrying species. The greater fecundity at higher temperatures compared to other subtemperate species indicates that the species is well adapted to the higher temperatures of coastal lagoons and brackish water lakes where it contributes to the biofouling community.

Foram utilizadas 300 codornas fêmeas, com idade de 49 dias e peso médio de 138,0 g, durante quatro períodos experimentais de 28 dias. O delineamento experimental foi o em blocos ao acaso, contendo seis níveis de lisina digestível (0,80, 0,90, 1,00, 1,10, 1,20 e 1,30%) e cinco repetições, com 10 animais cada. As variáveis estudadas foram: postura (%), peso do ovo (g), massa de ovo (g de ovos/codorna/dia), consumo alimentar (g), conversão alimentar (g de ração/g de ovos), peso final (g) e porcentagem da casca do ovo (%).Verificou-se efeito quadrático sobre a taxa de postura, massa de ovos e conversão alimentar, e efeito linear sobre o peso dos ovos e consumo alimentar, não tendo sido verificado efeito significativo sobre o peso final das codornas. A exigência em lisina digestível, para codornas japonesas em postura, foi estimada em 1,117% da ração, correspondendo ao consumo diário de 254 mg de lisina. Three hundred 49-days old Japanese female quails, averaging 138.0g, were used to estimate the requirement of digestible lysine level for Japanese quail in completely randomized block design with five replicates of ten females per experimental unit. The treatment consisted six levels of digestible lysine (0.80, 0.90, 1.00, 1.10, 1.20 and 1.30%) and the analyzed traits were rate of egg production (%), egg weight (g), egg mass (g of eggs/quail/day), feed intake (g), feed consumption: weight gain ratio (g of diet/g of eggs), final body weight (g) and shell percentage (%). No signicant effect of treatments on final body weight (g) was observed, but there was quadratic effect for egg production (%), egg mass (g of eggs/quail/day) and feed consumption: gain diet (g of diet/g of eggs) and linear effect on shell egg (%) and feed intake (g). The estimated requirements of digestible lysine for laying Japanese quail was 1.117% of the diet, corresponding to a daily intake of 254 mg of digestible lysine.

Foram utilizadas 300 codornas fêmeas, com idade de 49 dias e peso médio de 138,0 g, durante quatro períodos experimentais de 28 dias. O delineamento experimental foi o em blocos ao acaso, contendo seis níveis de lisina digestível (0,80, 0,90, 1,00, 1,10, 1,20 e 1,30%) e cinco repetições, com 10 animais cada. As variáveis estudadas foram: postura (%), peso do ovo (g), massa de ovo (g de ovos/codorna/dia), consumo alimentar (g), conversão alimentar (g de ração/g de ovos), peso final (g) e porcentagem da casca do ovo (%).Verificou-se efeito quadrático sobre a taxa de postura, massa de ovos e conversão alimentar, e efeito linear sobre o peso dos ovos e consumo alimentar, não tendo sido verificado efeito significativo sobre o peso final das codornas. A exigência em lisina digestível, para codornas japonesas em postura, foi estimada em 1,117% da ração, correspondendo ao consumo diário de 254 mg de lisina.Three hundred 49-days old Japanese female quails, averaging 138.0g, were used to estimate the requirement of digestible lysine level for Japanese quail in completely randomized block design with five replicates of ten females per experimental unit. The treatment consisted six levels of digestible lysine (0.80, 0.90, 1.00, 1.10, 1.20 and 1.30%) and the analyzed traits were rate of egg production (%), egg weight (g), egg mass (g of eggs/quail/day), feed intake (g), feed consumption: weight gain ratio (g of diet/g of eggs), final body weight (g) and shell percentage (%). No signicant effect of treatments on final body weight (g) was observed, but there was quadratic effect for egg production (%), egg mass (g of eggs/quail/day) and feed consumption: gain diet (g of diet/g of eggs) and linear effect on shell egg (%) and feed intake (g). The estimated requirements of digestible lysine for laying Japanese quail was 1.117% of the diet, corresponding to a daily intake of 254 mg of digestible lysine.

Animal welfare is a major concern for consumers. This concern has not gone unnoticed by sector stakeholders, especially egg producers. One of the fundamental changes likely to affect egg producers regards modes of production, specifically changes in housing systems, ranging from conventional cages to free range. From farmers’ perspective, changing their mode of production generates a technological and economic/marketing risk. This study documents the level of risk in the Canadian egg sector (conventional and specialty eggs) using data from 2009 to 2011. Our results indicate multiple uncertainty sources (technological, cost of production, price of eggs) that vary according to the types of eggs. We use a quadratic programming approach applied to expected mean-variance models to analyze the impact of risk on decision to invest when the resources must be allocated to different types of production that have different risk levels. Overall our results show how, given risk aversion parameters, producers minimize their risk levels by devoting their resources to the least risky type of eggs. An important result of our study is that supply management, by reducing the perceived risk level, has favored the development of specialty eggs, for the benefit of consumers.

The Mediterranean toothcarp (Aphanius fasciatus) can be used to biologically control mosquito larvae. The reproductive performance of 234 Mediterranean toothcarp (180 females and 54 males) was investigated. Reproductive factors were determined in fish kept in fresh or saline water (males and females together), and in fish kept separately by sex in saline water and hormonallytreated with carp pituitary extract (CPE). In the hormonally-treated group, the combined effect of temperature, photoperiod, and hormonal treatment induced the best ovary maturation and larvae production rates. The rate of reproduction was very high (average eggs/female: 5.9-10.5) compared to natural reproduction in the wild (average eggs/female: 2-4). Additionally, the hatching rate was 97-100%. The results of this study show that reproduction of Mediterranean toothcarp can be controlled in an artificial environment: the lack of mortality in adults during acclimation and conditioning in fresh and marine waters indicates good domestication and plasticity in reproductive parameters. The IJA appears exclusively as a peer-reviewed on-line open-access journal at http://www.siamb.org.il. Only registered persons are able to access full papers. To register free of charge, complete and return our registration form.

The aim of present study was to induce sexual maturity in wild silver eels females of the European 19 eel using a protocol similar to the one already successfully used for Anguilla japonica. Weekly 20 injections (n. 16) of carp pituitary extracts (CPE) with an increasing dose of 10, 20, 30 and 40 21 mg/kg BW were given to silver females kept in light (L-Group) or dark (D-Group) conditions. In both 22 groups, the final oocyte maturation and ovulation was induced by injection of 17,20 h-dihydroxy-4-23 pregnen-3-one (DHP) at 2 mg/g BW. All the eels turned out to be silver and actively migrant (n 58 24 in stage V and n 2 in stage IV), showing a particularly high EI (15.75±1.40) and they were 25 distributed within 3 age classes (7-9 years). In D-Group one of the 4 females at 13th CPE treatment 26 ovulated 12h after the DHP injection. The remaining 3 females, which received the final (16th) CPE 27 injection, ovulated between 12 and 36 h after the DHP injection. Two out of the 4 L-Group females 28 which received the 16th CPE injection ovulated between 12 and 36 h after the DHP injection and the 29 remaining 2 (L14 and L16) did not ovulate within 36 h post DHP injection. The total number of eggs 30 released by the D-Group (n. 1,485,600) was significantly higher than that of the L-Group (n. 31 274,000). No mortality was observed during the experiment.

Objetive. To determine the effects of high temperature, the high humidity and the index on production performance in layer chickens supplemented with vitamins C and E. Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out from July 14th to August 15th. A total of 720 L33 layer chickens, 39 weeks old, were divided at random into four groups (180 birds/group), by replicates (n=4): Control Group) was fed with a basal diet and treatment groups were fed with the basal diet supplemented with either 150 mg of l-ascorbic acid/g of diet (Group Vit. C) or 150 mg of dl-α-tocopherol acetate /kg, of diet (Group Vit. E), and 150 mg of l-ascorbic acid /kg of diet plus 150 mg of dl-α-tocopherol acetate/kg of diet (Group Vit C + E). Results. Egg/bird were higher (p0.05). However, feed consumption and conversion were different (p

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico Two experiments were conducted in the poultry sector of the Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa to update the profile of ideal protein for laying hens. In the first experiment, the object of this study was to evaluate the levels of digestible threonine to determine the ideal ratio of digestible threonine/lysine in rations for laying hens in the period 42-54 weeks of age. Were used 270 laying hens line Dekalb Brown during three experimental periods of 28 days each, in a completely randomized design with five treatments, nine replicates, each consisting of six birds. Five different ratios of threonine / digestible lysine were evaluated 66 (0.435% Thr dig), 70, 74, 78 and 82%. Diets were formulated to meet the nutritional requirements of animals and the relationship of amino acids, except threonine and lysine. Feed intake, egg weight, internal egg quality and weight gain were not influenced by the threonine / digestible lysine ratio used. Egg production, egg mass and feed conversion (kg / Dz and g / g) had quadratic effect for different ratios used. Based on the parameters, the threonine / digestible lysine ratio recommended in diets of laying hens during 42-54 weeks of age is 72%, which corresponds to 0.478% of digestible threonine or 460 mg / bird / day of digestible threonine. The second experiment, the object of the research was to evaluate the levels of digestible valine to determine the ideal ratio of valine/digestible lysine in rations for laying hens in the period 42-54 weeks of age. Were used 270 laying hens line Dekalb Brown during three experimental periods of 28 days each, in a completely randomized design with five treatments, nine replicates, each consisting of six birds. Five different ratios of valine / digestible lysine were evaluated 84 (0555% Val dig), 88, 92, 96 and 100%. The diets met the nutritional requirements of animals and the relationship of the amino acids except for valine and lysine. The egg weight, internal egg quality and weight gain were not influenced by the valine /digestible lysine ratio used. Feed intake was affected linearly, while egg production, egg mass and feed conversion (kg/Dz and g/g) had quadratic effect for the ratios used. The ideal valine /digestible lysine ratio, based on the parameters, is 92%, which corresponds to 0.607% of digestible valine or 567 mg / bird / day of digestible valine. Dois experimentos foram realizados no setor de avicultura do departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa para atualizar o perfil de proteína ideal para poedeiras semipesadas. No primeiro experimento, o objeto da pesquisa foi avaliar diferentes níveis de treonina digestível para determinar a relação ideal de treonina/lisina digestível em rações para galinhas poedeiras semipesadas no período de 42 a 54 semanas de idade. Foram utilizadas 270 galinhas poedeiras semipesadas da linhagem Dekalb Brown, durante três períodos experimentais de 28 dias cada, em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos, nove repetições, cada uma composta de seis aves. Cinco diferentes relações de treonina/lisina digestível foram avaliadas 66 (0,435% Thr dig); 70; 74; 78 e 82%. As dietas foram formuladas para atender as exigências nutricionais dos animais e a relação dos aminoácidos, exceto para treonina e lisina. O consumo de ração, peso de ovo, qualidade interna do ovo e ganho de peso não foram influenciados pelas relações de treonina/lisina digestível utilizadas. A produção de ovos, a massa de ovo e a conversão alimentar (Kg/Dz e g/g) apresentaram efeito quadrático pelas diferentes relações utilizadas. Com base nos parâmetros avaliados, a relação treonina/lisina digestível recomendada nas rações de poedeiras semipesadas no período de 42 a 54 semanas de idade é de 72%, que corresponde a 0,478% de treonina digestível ou 460 mg/ave/dia de treonina digestível. No segundo experimento, o objeto foi avaliar os níveis de valina digestível para determinar a relação ideal de valina/lisina digestível em rações para galinhas poedeiras semipesadas no período de 42 a 54 semanas de idade. Foram utilizadas 270 galinhas poedeiras semipesadas da linhagem Dekalb Brown, durante três períodos experimentais de 28 dias cada, em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos, nove repetições, cada uma composta de seis aves. Cinco diferentes relações de valina/lisina digestível foram avaliadas 84 (0,555% Val dig); 88; 92; 96 e 100%. As dietas atenderam as exigências nutricionais dos animais e a relação dos aminoácidos, exceto para valina e lisina. O peso de ovo, qualidade interna do ovo e ganho de peso não foram influenciados pelas relações de valina/lisina digestível utilizadas. O consumo de ração apresentou efeito linear, enquanto a produção de ovos, a massa de ovo e a conversão alimentar (Kg/Dz e g/g) apresentaram efeito quadrático para as relações utilizadas. A relação valina/lisina digestível ideal, baseada nos parâmetros avaliados, é de 92%, que corresponde a 0,607% de valina digestível ou 567 mg/ave/dia de valina digestível.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:17:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 vercese_f_me_botfmvz.pdf: 499084 bytes, checksum: e9070bee19e12429c7bbf0b7cc0adb1f (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da temperatura sobre o desempenho e qualidade de ovos de codornas japonesas foi realizado um experimento utilizando-se 480 aves na fase de pós-pico de produção. As aves foram alojadas em uma câmara bioclimática com controle automático de temperatura, contendo duas baterias compostas de cinco andares e dez gaiolas, com capacidade para 24 aves cada gaiola, divididas em dois grupos: 240 aves no grupo controle (21°C) e 240 aves no grupo experimental, com temperaturas contínuas de 24, 27, 30, 33 e 36°C em períodos de 14 dias. O período experimental, com duração de 105 dias, foi dividido em cinco ciclos de 21 dias (um ciclo para cada temperatura), sendo 14 dias na temperatura teste e sete dias na temperatura termoneutra. No final de cada ciclo experimental foi avaliado o desempenho e a qualidade dos ovos. Para todos os tratamentos, as rações foram isonutritivas e isocalóricas. Para a avaliação do desempenho e da qualidade dos ovos utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualisado com dois tratamentos (temperatura termoneutra e temperatura teste) e dez repetições de 24 aves por parcela. A elevação da temperatura piora o consumo de ração, reduz o peso dos ovos, a produção e a massa de ovos. Em temperaturas superiores a 27°C houve piora na qualidade interna e externa dos ovos. In order to evaluate the effect of temperature on performance and egg quality of Japanese quails was conducted an experiment using 480 birds in the post-peak production. The birds were housed in a climate chamber with automatic temperature control, with two batteries composed of five floors and ten cages for up to 24 birds in each cage, divided into two groups: 240 birds in the control group (21oC) and 240 birds in the experimental group, which temperatures of 24, 27, 30, 33 and 36°C. The experiment, lasting 105 days, was divided into five 21-day cycles (one cycle for each temperature), and 14 days at test and seven days a thermoneutral. At the end of each experimental cycle was evaluated performance and egg quality. For all treatments, the diets were isocaloric and isonutritives. For the evaluation of performance and quality of eggs used a completely randomized design with two treatments (temperature and thermoneutral temperature test) and ten replicates of 24 birds per plot. Elevated temperature worsens the feed intake, egg weight, production and egg mass. At temperatures above 27°C worsened the internal and external quality of eggs.

Titulo en ingles: Whole cocked soybean in the fed quails.RESUMEN: Con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de los niveles de Soya integral cocida en la ración sobre los parámetros zootécnicos de codornices japonesas en postura fue realizado este trabajo. Se utilizaron 250 aves de 30 días de edad, distribuidas en un diseño estadístico totalmente al azar con cinco tratamientos, cinco repeticiones y 10 codornices por repetición, para un total de 25 unidades experimentales, los tratamientos estaban constituidas por las raciones con 0, 5, 10, 15 y 20 % de soya integral cocida, la fase experimen- tal tuvo una duración de 24 semanas, agua y ración fueron suministradas diariamente . Los niveles de soya integral cocida en la ración no presentaron diferencias significativas para las variables consumo diario de ración (24,9; 24,6; 24,5; 24,1 y 25,2 g/día respectivamente), postura de huevos (65,0; 66,4; 61,3; 62,5 y 61,3% respectivamente), peso del huevo (10,9; 11,2; 10,9; 10,6 y 11,2 gramos respectivamente) yconversión alimenticia (0,463; 0,446; 0,481; 0,464 y 0,495 kg de ración/docena de huevos respectivamente y 3,69; 3,47; 3,94; 3,81 y 3,95 kg de ración/kg de huevo). En conclusión el grano de soya integral cocido puede ser incluido hasta en 20 % en la ración para codornices japonesas en postura.Palabras clave: Producción de huevos, fuentes proteicas, conversión alimenticia.ABSTRACT: With objective to evaluate the effects of whole cocked soybean in the diet on animal production param- eters, was carried this research. Were used 250 birds of 30 days age, total randomized with five treatments, five replicates and ten birds per replicate with 25 experimental units. The treatments were diets with 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 % of whole cocked soybean, the experimental phase was of 24 weeks. The whole cocked soybean levels no had differences for daily intake (24,9; 24,6; 24,5; 24,1 and 25,2 g/day respec- tively), egg production (65,0; 66,4; 61,3; 62,5 and 61,3 % respectively), weight egg (10,9; 11,2; 10,9; 10,6 and 11,2 g respectively) and feed conversion (0,463; 0,446; 0,481; 0,464 and 0,495 kg of food/dozen eggs respectively) and 3,69; 3,47; 3,94; 3,81 y 3,95 kg of food /kg of egg) . In conclusion the whole cocked soybean can be include 20 % in the diet for Japanese quail in egg production phase.Key Words: egg production, food proteins, feed conversion. Titulo en ingles: Whole cocked soybean in the fed quails.RESUMEN: Con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de los niveles de Soya integral cocida en la ración sobre los parámetros zootécnicos de codornices japonesas en postura fue realizado este trabajo. Se utilizaron 250 aves de 30 días de edad, distribuidas en un diseño estadístico totalmente al azar con cinco tratamientos, cinco repeticiones y 10 codornices por repetición, para un total de 25 unidades experimentales, los tratamientos estaban constituidas por las raciones con 0, 5, 10, 15 y 20 % de soya integral cocida, la fase experimen- tal tuvo una duración de 24 semanas, agua y ración fueron suministradas diariamente . Los niveles de soya integral cocida en la ración no presentaron diferencias significativas para las variables consumo diario de ración (24,9; 24,6; 24,5; 24,1 y 25,2 g/día respectivamente), postura de huevos (65,0; 66,4; 61,3; 62,5 y 61,3% respectivamente), peso del huevo (10,9; 11,2; 10,9; 10,6 y 11,2 gramos respectivamente) yconversión alimenticia (0,463; 0,446; 0,481; 0,464 y 0,495 kg de ración/docena de huevos respectivamente y 3,69; 3,47; 3,94; 3,81 y 3,95 kg de ración/kg de huevo). En conclusión el grano de soya integral cocido puede ser incluido hasta en 20 % en la ración para codornices japonesas en postura.Palabras clave: Producción de huevos, fuentes proteicas, conversión alimenticia.ABSTRACT: With objective to evaluate the effects of whole cocked soybean in the diet on animal production param- eters, was carried this research. Were used 250 birds of 30 days age, total randomized with five treatments, five replicates and ten birds per replicate with 25 experimental units. The treatments were diets with 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 % of whole cocked soybean, the experimental phase was of 24 weeks. The whole cocked soybean levels no had differences for daily intake (24,9; 24,6; 24,5; 24,1 and 25,2 g/day respec- tively), egg production (65,0; 66,4; 61,3; 62,5 and 61,3 % respectively), weight egg (10,9; 11,2; 10,9; 10,6 and 11,2 g respectively) and feed conversion (0,463; 0,446; 0,481; 0,464 and 0,495 kg of food/dozen eggs respectively) and 3,69; 3,47; 3,94; 3,81 y 3,95 kg of food /kg of egg) . In conclusion the whole cocked soybean can be include 20 % in the diet for Japanese quail in egg production phase.Key Words: egg production, food proteins, feed conversion.

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is a major and economically significant pathogen of avian species. Different strains of MG have been used as vaccines in multiple-age commercial layer farms in an effort to protect the birds against more virulent field strains. The lower level of protection afforded by the low virulent MG strain vaccines provides an opportunity to the use of an overlay (revaccination) with an F-strain M. gallisepticum (FMG) later in their production cycles. In the present study, three trials were conducted to investigate the effects of prelay vaccinations of ts-11 strain MG, MG-Bacterin, or their combination, in conjunction with a FMG overlay after peak production in commercial layers. The following treatments were utilized at 10 wk of age (woa): 1) Control (no vaccinations); 2) ts-11 MG vaccine; 3) MG-Bacterin vaccine; and 4) ts-11 MG and MG-Bacterin combination. At 45 woa, all the birds in trial 1 and half of the birds in each treatment group in trials 2 and 3 were overlaid with an FMG vaccine. Various parameters including performance, internal egg and eggshell quality, blood, and visceral characteristics of the birds were evaluated.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-12-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:03:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 saldanha_espb_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 502334 bytes, checksum: 959bbdcce3fa0797249485047d5f1035 (MD5) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho e a qualidade óssea de poedeiras semi-pesadas no segundo ciclo produtivo alimentadas com fontes e níveis de microminerais. Para isto, 360 poedeiras com 72 semanas de idade foram submetidas a muda forçada pelo método convencional. Após o retorno à produção de ovos (83 semanas de idade), as aves foram selecionadas e alojadas de acordo com um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos e seis repetições de 10 aves cada uma. O tratamento controle foi constituído de suplementação à dieta de 0,10 % de uma fonte de microminerais inorgânicos, a qual foi substituída proporcionalmente por cinco níveis (110, 100, 90, 80 e 70%) de um complexo de microminerais com 30; 30; 40; 6; 0,61 e 0,3 g/kg do produto de Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, I e Se, respectivamente. Todas as dietas eram isoprotéicas, isoenergéticas e isoaminoacídicas. Os resultados de desempenho (peso corporal, % de produção de ovos, massa de ovos, consumo de ração e conversão alimentar), incidência de mortalidade e as características ósseas (resistência à quebra, % de cinzas, % de Ca e % de P das tíbias) foram avaliados por ANOVA e teste de Tukey a 5% de significância. Não foi observado nenhum efeito dos tratamentos sobre o desempenho, mortalidade ou características ósseas das poedeiras. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o nível de 70% de microminerais orgânicos pode substituir 100% de microminerais inorgânicos suplementado na dieta de poedeiras semi-pesadas no segundo ciclo produtivo sem alterar a produtividade e características ósseas. The study aimed to evaluate post-induced molting performance and bone mineralization of semi-heavy laying hens submitted to diets with different sources and levels of microminerals. 360 layers aged 72-w-old were subjected to conventional induced molting. After returning to production (83-w-old), the layers were selected and allotted in a completely randomized design of six treatments and six replicates of ten birds each one. Control treatment consisted of 0.10% inclusion of inorganic micromineral (IM) premix (100% of IM) to diet (control treatment), which was proportionally replaced with five levels (110, 100, 90 , 80 and 70%) of organic micromineral complex (OM) composed of 30; 30; 40; 6; 0.61; and 0.3 g/kg of Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, I, and Se, respectively. All diets were isoproteic, isoenergetic and isoaminoacidic. Layer performance (body weight, % production and mass of eggs, feed intake, and feed conversion), % mortality, and bone characteristics (breaking strength, % ash, % Ca, and % P of tibiae) results were tested by ANOVA and Tukey’s test at 5% of significance. No effect of any treatment upon performance, mortality and bone characteristics of the semi-heavy layers were here observed. Results indicate that the lowest level of OM supplementation (70% of IM level) can replace 100% of IM in the diet of semi-heavy laying hens in the second cycle of egg production without any negative effect upon productive and bone characteristics.

Um experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de determinar a exigência de lisina digestível para poedeiras leves no período de 24 a 40 semanas de idade. Foram utilizadas 216 poedeiras Hy-Line W36 em delineamento em blocos casualizados com seis tratamentos, seis blocos e seis aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma ração basal, com 14,54% de proteína bruta, deficiente em lisina digestível (0,545%), e suplementada com seis níveis de L-lisina HCl (78%): 0,00; 0,059; 0,118; 0,177; 0,237 e 0,295%. Considerando a digestibilidade da lisina de 97,6%, a quantidade de L-lisina.HCl adicionada em cada ração forneceu 0,00; 0,045; 0,090; 0,135; 0,180 e 0,225% de lisina digestível respectivamente, resultando em rações com 0,545; 0,590; 0,635; 0,680; 0,725 e 0,770% de lisina digestível. Os consumos de ração e de lisina, a produção de ovos, o peso médio dos ovos, a massa de ovos, a conversão alimentar/dúzia de ovos, o índice de albúmen e o peso final das aves apresentaram resposta linear ao aumento dos níveis lisina digestível. Os níveis de lisina digestível tiveram efeito quadrático sobre a conversão alimentar/massa de ovos, mas não tiveram efeito significativo sobre a unidade Haugh, o índice de gema e os componentes dos ovos. A exigência de lisina digestível foi estimada em, no mínimo, 0,770% na ração, que corresponde a consumo de 759 mg de lisina digestível/ave/dia. The objective of this study wast to determine the requirement of digestible lysine for light-weight laying hens 24 to 40 weeks of age. Two hundred and sixteen Hy-Line W36 light-weight laying hens were allotted to a randomized complete blocks with six treatments, six blocks and six hens per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of a basal diet, with 14.54% crude protein, deficient in digestible lysine (0.545%), supplemented with six levels of L-lysine HCl (78%) 0.00; 0.059; 0.118; 0.177; 0.237 and 0.295%. Considering the digestibility of the lysine to be 97.6%, the amount of L-lysine. HCl added in each diet supplied 0.00; 0.045; 0.090; 0.135; 0.180 and 0.225 digestible lysine, respectively, resulting in diets with 0.545; 0.590; 0.635; 0.680; 0.725 and 0.770% digestible lysine. Feed intake, lysine intake, egg production, average egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion (kg feed/egg dozen), albumen index and final weight gain of the chickens showed a linear response with increase in the digestible lysine levels. There was a quadratic effect for the levels of digestible lysine on feed conversion/egg mass but no significant effect on Haugh Units, yolk index and egg components was detected. The digestible lysine requirement was estimated to be at least 0.770% of the diet, corresponding to the intake of 759 mg of lysine digestible/hen/day.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:07:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-35982008000400006.pdf: 42601 bytes, checksum: 12f755e9c14c11173f27cee84a973a88 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:07:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-35982008000400006.pdf: 42601 bytes, checksum: 12f755e9c14c11173f27cee84a973a88 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T20:11:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982008000400006.pdf: 42601 bytes, checksum: 12f755e9c14c11173f27cee84a973a88 (MD5) S1516-35982008000400006.pdf.txt: 19243 bytes, checksum: 32999d36cb92748537083b508a269576 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:18:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982008000400006.pdf: 42601 bytes, checksum: 12f755e9c14c11173f27cee84a973a88 (MD5) S1516-35982008000400006.pdf.txt: 19243 bytes, checksum: 32999d36cb92748537083b508a269576 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:18:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982008000400006.pdf: 42601 bytes, checksum: 12f755e9c14c11173f27cee84a973a88 (MD5) S1516-35982008000400006.pdf.txt: 19243 bytes, checksum: 32999d36cb92748537083b508a269576 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-01 Um experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de estudar os efeitos dos níveis de cálcio nas rações sobre o desempenho e a qualidade de ovos de poedeiras comerciais. Foram utilizadas 216 poedeiras da linhagem Lohmann Brown no período de 39 a 55 semanas de idade. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, composto de seis níveis de cálcio (3,0; 3,4; 3,8; 4,2; 4,6; 5,0%) e seis repetições de seis aves por parcela. Os níveis de cálcio avaliados não influenciaram os parâmetros produtivos, mas afetaram significativamente as porcentagens de albúmen e casca do ovo. O aumento do cálcio na dieta promove incremento na qualidade da casca do ovo em relação aos demais componentes do ovo. Recomenda-se nível de 4,3% de cálcio em dietas para poedeiras semipesadas após o pico de postura. Two hundred and sixteen layers were raised from 39 to 55 weeks of age to study the effects of levels of calcium in the rations on performance and eggs quality of brown commercial layers. A completely randomized experimental design were used with six levels of calcium (3.0; 3.4; 3.8; 4.2; 4.6 and 5.0%) and six replicates of six layers hens. There was no effect of calcium levels on hen performance, however significantly affected the percentage of albumen and egg shell. The increase of calcium in the diet promoted increment in egg shell quality in relationship to other eggs components. The calcium level of 4.3% is recommended for brown layer hens after production peak. UFPB Departamento de Zootecnia UFPB UNESP FCAV UNESP FCAV

Um experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de estudar os efeitos dos níveis de cálcio nas rações sobre o desempenho e a qualidade de ovos de poedeiras comerciais. Foram utilizadas 216 poedeiras da linhagem Lohmann Brown no período de 39 a 55 semanas de idade. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, composto de seis níveis de cálcio (3,0; 3,4; 3,8; 4,2; 4,6; 5,0%) e seis repetições de seis aves por parcela. Os níveis de cálcio avaliados não influenciaram os parâmetros produtivos, mas afetaram significativamente as porcentagens de albúmen e casca do ovo. O aumento do cálcio na dieta promove incremento na qualidade da casca do ovo em relação aos demais componentes do ovo. Recomenda-se nível de 4,3% de cálcio em dietas para poedeiras semipesadas após o pico de postura. Two hundred and sixteen layers were raised from 39 to 55 weeks of age to study the effects of levels of calcium in the rations on performance and eggs quality of brown commercial layers. A completely randomized experimental design were used with six levels of calcium (3.0; 3.4; 3.8; 4.2; 4.6 and 5.0%) and six replicates of six layers hens. There was no effect of calcium levels on hen performance, however significantly affected the percentage of albumen and egg shell. The increase of calcium in the diet promoted increment in egg shell quality in relationship to other eggs components. The calcium level of 4.3% is recommended for brown layer hens after production peak.

Tendo como escopo central demonstrar uma estimação da função lucro trans-logarítmica, o presente artigo, a partir de uma amostra de propriedades de dedicadas à avicultura de postura também calcula elasticidades de substituição entre os fatores produtivos. A amostra utilizada, coletada numa pesquisa de campo, em 2002, envolve propriedades dos estados de São Paulo, Minas Gerais e Paraná. Recorrendo à dualidade entre a função lucro e a função custo foi possível calcular as elasticidades em diferentes critérios, como o de Allen, o de Morishima e pela medida de Elasticidade Sombra. Constatou-se, em correspondência, uma oferta sensível à variações no preço do produto (ovos) e à oscilações nos preços dos insumos. --------------------------------------------------This paper presents an estimation of translog profit function for eggs farmer’s sample in Brazil. In the same time, from the information of the translog estimation had been calculated coefficients of substitution elasticity between production factors in this activity. The sample was collected in 2002 in the three major Brazilian states in eggs production: Sao Paulo, Minas Gerais and Parana. Utilizing the duality theory, between profit function and cost function, was possible calculate substitution elasticity over different measures, like Allen, Morishima and Shadow elasticity. Results corroborate, in consistency, the supply responding to changes in market price as well as input prices.

WOS: 000229458600013 The effects of Malathion, an organophosphate insecticide, on the egg production and hatchability of the adult females of Pimpla turionellae L (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) reared on pupae of the wax moth Galleria mellonella L were investigated. The hatchability ratio of eggs, which are left in the host during the life cycle of P. turionellae, have became less at all concentrations (1.000, 0.100, 0.010 and 0.001 ppm). It is remarkable that the highest reduction in egg production appeared between days 25 and 40 with an average of 43% at a concentration of 0.100 ppm. A concentration of 0.010 ppm increased the egg production with an average of 14% between days 10 and 40.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:59:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84782000000300022.pdf: 40854 bytes, checksum: 2157a6b081754184b9c2051b90c5fda8 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:59:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84782000000300022.pdf: 40854 bytes, checksum: 2157a6b081754184b9c2051b90c5fda8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000-06-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:55:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782000000300022.pdf: 40854 bytes, checksum: 2157a6b081754184b9c2051b90c5fda8 (MD5) S0103-84782000000300022.pdf.txt: 15570 bytes, checksum: 70c9d909c181bdb7cb7e5a176d78ef6e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000-06-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:15:55Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782000000300022.pdf: 40854 bytes, checksum: 2157a6b081754184b9c2051b90c5fda8 (MD5) S0103-84782000000300022.pdf.txt: 15570 bytes, checksum: 70c9d909c181bdb7cb7e5a176d78ef6e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:15:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782000000300022.pdf: 40854 bytes, checksum: 2157a6b081754184b9c2051b90c5fda8 (MD5) S0103-84782000000300022.pdf.txt: 15570 bytes, checksum: 70c9d909c181bdb7cb7e5a176d78ef6e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000-06-01 Desenvolveu-se este trabalho com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de ácidos orgânicos adicionados à dieta de aves de postura. Foram utilizadas 75 frangas Isa Brown de 4 meses de idade, divididas em três grupos experimentais (I, II e III) de 25 aves cada e avaliadas por um período de 8 semanas. O grupo I recebeu ração tratada com ácidos orgânicos por quatro semanas, enquanto que o grupo II recebeu ração com ácidos orgânicos por oito semanas, permanecendo o grupo III sem a suplementação de ácidos orgânicos durante todo o período experimental, sendo definido como grupo controle. Ao final do experimento, foram observados dados de produção de ovos, peso das aves, qualidade e peso de ovos. Os resultados demonstraram que a produção de ovos foi melhor nas aves tratadas com o aditivo acidificante (grupos I e II), sendo que os acidificantes também proporcionaram um melhor peso corporal nas aves (P0.05) but the egg weight and egg quality were not affected. Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto Biológico Laboratório de Patologia Avícola de Bastos IGI Vinaland Laboratories Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Patologia Veterinária Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto Biológico Laboratório de Patologia Avícola de Bastos Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Patologia Veterinária

The current state of regional markets development and the production of eggs and egg products for a long period — from 1990 to 2009 — is reviewed in this paper. The main research method is the method of statistical groupings. The variable amount of egg production was chosen as the grouping characteristic, since this figure fits well into research goals and has the property of the prevalence in the aggregate / total. To analyze the trends of the Russian regional markets involved into egg production, official statistics on consumer prices was used as well as producer prices, the volume of egg production per capita based on food import and export products. This allowed to group regions for comparison with average values of indicators carried out by different criteria, and to draw conclusions about trends in the development of regional markets. The most relevant factors influencing the development of egg production, among which the factor of vertical integration of production was especially noticed: building own plants and feed mills, joining the land in order to ensure the needs for higher quality raw materials and other activities were identified.