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This paper presents results of a numerical modeling of ductile fracture and failure of elements made of 5182H111 aluminum alloys subjected to dynamic traction. The analysis was performed using Johnson-Cook model based on ABAQUS software. The aim of the research was to specify and test the mechanical properties during numerical simulations. The experimental test results for the mechanical properties of the studies for steel were presented with a large description of the testing facilities. The test results were used to determine the temperature dependencies of the mechanical properties, yield strength, modulus of elasticity and thermal elongation

This paper proposes a fault-tolerant topology for single-phase inverters, designed to sustain functionality following open- or short-circuit failures in one of its semiconductor switches. A simple approach is employed for the fault detection mechanism, using the load current, the switch current, and the switch gate voltage. Once a fault is detected and isolated, a redundant leg comprising two semi-conductors is connected to replace the faulty one after it has been eliminated using isolation relays. The effectiveness of this approach is validated through simulation using MATLAB Simulink, demonstrating both the speed and efficacy of the fault-tolerant topology in restoring normal operation post-fault occurrence.

Several elicitors of plant defense have been identified and numerous efforts to use them in the field have been made. Exogenous elicitor treatments mimic the in planta activation of pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), which relies on the perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as bacterial flg22 or fungal chitins. Early transcriptional responses to distinct PAMPs are mostly overlapping, regardless of the elicitor being used. However, it remains poorly known if the same patterns are observed for metabolites and proteins produced later during PTI. In addition, little is known about the impact of a combination of elicitors on PTI and the level of induced resistance to pathogens. Here, we monitored Arabidopsis thaliana resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pto DC3000) following application of flg22 and chitosan elicitors, used individually or in combination. A slight, but not statistically significant increase in induced resistance was observed when the elicitors were applied together when compared with individual treatments. We investigated the effect of these treatments on the metabolome by using an untargeted analysis. We found that the combination of flg22 and chitosan impacted a higher number of metabolites and deregulated specific metabolic pathways compared with the elicitors individually. These results contribute to a better understanding of plant responses to elicitors, which might help better rationalize their use in the field. [Graphic: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.

Capturing and utilizing CO2 as carbon feedstock for chemicals, fuels, or polymers is frequently discussed to replace fossil carbon and thereby help mitigate climate change. Emission reductions by Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) depend strongly on the choice of the CO2 source because CO2 sources differ in CO2 concentration and the resulting energy demand for capture. From a climate-change perspective, CO2 should be captured at the CO2 source with the lowest CO2 emissions from capture. However, reported carbon footprints differ widely for CO2 captured, from strongly negative to strongly positive for the same source. The differences are due to methodological ambiguity in the treatment of multifunctionality in current assessment practice. This paper reviews methodological approaches for determining the carbon footprint of captured CO2 as carbon feedstock, and shows why some approaches lead to suboptimal choices of CO2 sources and that increased consistency in life cycle assessment (LCA) studies on CCU is needed. Based on strict application of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) standards and guidelines, it is shown that substitution should be applied to avoid suboptimal choices of CO2 sources. The resulting methodological recommendations are applied to estimate the carbon footprint of feedstock CO2 for current CO2 sources in Europe and for future CO2 sources in a scenario for a low carbon economy. For all CO2 sources, the cradle-to-gate footprint of captured CO2 is negative ranging from -0.95 to -0.59 kg CO2 eq. per kg of feedstock CO2 today and from -0.99 to -0.98 kg CO2 eq. in a low carbon economy. The carbon footprints of different CO2 sources differ mainly due to their energy demands. The presented assessment method and the carbon footprints of the CO2 feedstocks CO2 provide the basis for future assessments of carbon capture and utilization processes. This journal is

Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer (DWPT) has high potential to overcome electric vehicles’ battery issues of size and range and to achieve fully autonomous driving. Accurately extracting the self- and mutual-inductance of the coils is essential for controlling and optimizing the overall performance of the DWPT system under real driving conditions. Due to the limited space for coil installation at the bottom of the vehicles, multi-turn, multi-layer square coils are proposed to maximize the space utilization of the DWPT system. For the first time, this paper presents a theoretical model for calculating the self- and mutual-inductance and the coupling coefficients of multi-turn, multi-layer square coils. Taking a four-turn, four-layer square coil as an example, the model is cross-validated by 3D coil modelling and simulation, as well as practical measurements. A theoretical–experimental verification is further conducted to indirectly corroborate the cross-validated coupling coefficients of the two coils. On average, the normalized root mean square errors of the resultant self-inductance and coupling coefficients of two identical coils are 1.04% and 4.29%, respectively. Specifically, for the selected case, normalized root mean square errors of the zero-phase angle frequencies of the system under different misalignment situations average out at 1.32%.

In this paper, a miniaturized microstrip diplexer designed on an FR4 substrate material is presented. The diplexer operates at 2.4 and 3.5 GHz, responding to the demands of 5G and WiMAX applications, respectively. It consists of two distinct bandpass filters (BPFs) formed using the meandrous line, which are combined using a coupled-junction. An electromagnetic (EM) simulator was used to characterize the frequency responses of the designed diplexer. The results show that the proposed diplexer exhibits excellent isolation, exceeding 28.5 dB throughout the operating frequency range. Additionally, the passband insertion losses are approximately 1 dB, while the return losses measure around 39 and 57 dB for the both channels, respectively. Furthermore, the manufactured diplexer is compact with final dimensions of 28.5 × 20 mm2. These results confirm the suitability of the proposed diplexer for the intended applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]