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Rechargeable batteries play a crucial role in the utilization of renewable energy sources. Energy storage systems (ESSs) are designed to store renewable energy efficiently for immediate use. The market for energy storage systems heavily relies on lithium-ion batteries due to their high energy density, capacity, and competitiveness. However, the increasing cost and limited availability of lithium make long-term use challenging. As an alternative to Li-ion batteries, rechargeable seawater batteries are gaining attention due to their abundant and complementary sodium ion active materials. This study focuses on the preparation and characterization of Na3.0Zr2Si2PO12- and Na3.15Zr2Si2PO12-type ceramic membranes and testing their stability in seawater batteries used as solid electrolyte. From the surface analysis, it was observed that the Na3.15Zr2Si2PO12 powder showed a specific surface area of 2.94 m2/g compared to 2.69 m2/g for the Na3.0Zr2Si2PO12 powder. The measured NASICON samples achieved ionic conductivities between 7.42 × 10−5 and 4.4 × 10−4 S/cm compared to the NASICON commercial membrane with an ionic conductivity of 3.9 × 10−4 S/cm. Battery testing involved charging/discharging at various constant current values (0.6–2.0 mA), using Pt/C as the catalyst and seawater as the catholyte. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Herein, the oxidation of chemical compounds as sound signals, prepared either by chemical, physical, mechanical, biological methods were reported. Objectives: To fabricate the synthesized material for example, nanoparticle, ceramic, electro catalyst as electrode, by mixing the synthesized material with a suitable binder or they may be mixed with a solvent to function as an electrolyte. In this case, 40 % formalin as electrolyte, platinum and calomel electrode as positive and negative electrodes respectively have been used to formulate an electrochemical cell. Methodology: This cell is connected with the sound card to process the sound signals and analyzed using Sig view software. The sound signals after noise deduction were further processed using MATLAB to get information about the signals. Results: For example, Frequency, Amplitude, etc. of those cells can be obtained. The FFT spectrum obtained by this method correlates well with the FTIR spectrum of formalin. Any Conductive chemical oxidation could be processed in this way and their chemical information could be digitized and saved in cloud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In lithium–polymer batteries, the electrolyte is an essential component that plays a crucial role in ion transport and has a substantial impact on the battery's overall performance, stability, and efficiency. This article presents a detailed study on developing nanostructured composite polymer electrolytes (NCPEs), prepared using the solvent casting technique. The materials selected for this investigation include poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) as the host polymer, lithium bromide (LiBr) as the salt, and silica (SiO2) as the nanofiller. The addition of nano-SiO2 dramatically enhanced the ionic conductivity of the electrolytes, with the highest value of 6.2 × 10−5 Scm−1 observed for the sample containing 7.5 wt% nano-SiO2. This improvement is attributed to an increased amorphicity resulting from the interactions between the polymer, salt, and filler components. A structural analysis of the prepared NCPEs using X-ray diffraction revealed the presence of both crystalline and amorphous phases, further validating the enhanced ionic transport. Additionally, the thermal stability of the NCPEs was found to be excellent, withstanding temperatures up to 334 °C, thereby reinforcing their potential application in lithium–polymer batteries. This work explores the electrochemical performance of a fabricated lithium-ion-conducting primary electrochemical cell (Zn + ZnSO4·7H2O|PVC: LiBr: SiO2|PbO2 + V2O5), which demonstrated an open circuit voltage of 2.15 V. The discharge characteristics of the fabricated cell were thoroughly studied, showcasing the promising potential of these NCPEs. With the support of superior morphological and electrical properties, as-prepared electrolytes offer an effective pathway for future advancements in lithium–polymer battery technology, making them a highly viable candidate for enhanced energy storage solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers a flow-through electrochemical cell with planar interdigitated microelectrodes intended for impedance studies of liquids. To assess the influence of the cell height and geometric parameters of the interdigitated microelectrodes on the cell impedance, an analytical approach is proposed that uses several levels of modeling electrochemical processes in the cell. At first, an elementary two-dimensional subdomain is distinguished in the cell structure, for which the potential distribution is determined by solving the differential equation of electrical conductivity. Using the obtained potential distribution, the linear parameters of the elementary subdomain, its linear resistance and linear capacitance are determined, on the basis of which the resistance and capacitance of the interdigitated microelectrode system are found. The impedance of an electrochemical cell with interdigitated microelectrodes is determined using its equivalent electrical circuit, which includes the resistance and capacitance of the interdigitated microelectrode system, the capacitance of the double electric layer on the surface of each microelectrode, and the resistances of the interdigitated microelectrode leads. Using the expression for the impedance of the electrochemical cell, its Nyquist and Bode diagrams are determined for different values of the cell height and geometric parameters of the interdigitated microelectrode system. The presented approach can be used to analyze processes in a flow-through electrochemical cell with interdigitated microelectrodes, its design, and the development of methodological support for impedance studies of liquid substances with help of it.

The quality of water is significantly impacted by the presence of Cr6+ and Ni2+ ions. This study investigates the effectiveness of a flow-by porous graphite electrode cell in removing these contaminants from simulated industrial wastewater. We explore the impact of various factors on the removal process, demonstrating the method's potential for efficient removal. The initial concentration of nickel and chromium ions (20 to 80 mg/l and 20 to 100 mg/l, respectively), the feed flow rate (0.28 to 1.11 ml/s), current density (0.2 to 2.25 mA/cm2) and pH all influence the removal rate and efficiency. A higher feed flow rate negatively affects the removal efficiency of both Ni2+ and Cr6+ ions. Nickel removal efficiency decreased by 34.9% at 20 ppm and 26% at 80 ppm, representing the highest and lowest reductions in efficiency, respectively. Chromium removal efficiency decreased by 19% at 100 ppm and 6.5% at 50 ppm, indicating the highest and lowest reductions in efficiency, respectively, under the same flow rate change. Under optimal conditions, the removal efficiency for Ni2+ was 99.47% after 15 min of operation at a current density of 1.96 mA/cm2, a flow rate of 0.28 ml/s, and a pH of 8 and the removal efficiency for Cr6+ was 99.97% after 10 min of operation at a current density of 2.25 mA/cm2, a flow rate of 0.28 ml/s, and a pH of 2. The flow-through porous electrode system achieves efficient heavy metal removal with operating costs of 0.24 USD/m3 for nickel and 0.38 USD/m3 for chromium at optimal conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(C−X) bonds (X=C, N, O) are the main backbone for making different skeleton in the organic synthetic transformations. Among all the sustainable techniques, electro‐organic synthesis for C−X bond formation is the advanced tool as it offers a greener and more cost‐effective approach to chemical reactions by utilizing electrons as reagents. In this review, we want to explore the recent advancements in electrochemical C−O bond formation. The electrochemically driven C−O bond formation represents an emerging and exciting area of research. In this context, electrochemical techniques offers numerous advantages, including higher yields, cost‐efficient production, and simplified work‐up procedures. This method enables the continuous and consistent formation of C−O bonds in molecules, significantly enhancing overall reaction yields. Furthermore, both intramolecular and intermolecular C−O bond forming reaction provided valuable products of O‐containing acyclic/cyclic analogue. Hence, carbonyl (C=O), ether ‐O‐), and ester (‐COOR) functionalization in both cyclic/acyclic analogues have been prepared continuously via this innovative pathway. In this context, we want to discuss one‐decade electrochemical synthetic pathways of various C−O bond contains functional group in chronological manner. This review focused on all the synthetic aspects including mechanistic path and has also mentioned overall critical finding regarding the C−O bond formation via electrochemical pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shape optimization of flow fields for electrochemical cells is performed. Simulation models of the flow field are introduced with and without the porous transport layer. The latter model is less detailed and used for shape optimization whereas the former one is used to validate the obtained results. Three objective functions are proposed based on the uniformity of the flow and residence time as well as the wall shear stress. After considering the respective optimization problems separately, techniques from multi‐criteria optimization are used to treat the conflicting objective functions systematically. The results highlight the potential of this approach for generating novel flow field designs for electrochemical cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supercapacitors, also known as electric double-layer capacitors, have gained substantial attention for their remarkable energy storage capabilities, making them vital for numerous applications, including portable electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. This review delves into the intricate world of carbon electrodes in supercapacitors, highlighting the diverse carbon materials used, such as activated carbons, carbon blacks, zeolite-template carbons, and graphene meso-sponges, and their significant impact on supercapacitor performance. Some research explores the synthesis of carbon electrodes using zeolite templates, which provide precise control over structural properties for enhancing performance in high-rate applications. The review also provides a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles of electrochemical cells, emphasizing the critical factors affecting carbon electrode performance, including surface functional groups, electrolyte composition, voltage range and stability, cycle life, operating temperature, current density, and rate capability. Recognizing the interconnected nature of these factors is essential for optimizing supercapacitor technology. This knowledge forms the foundation for ongoing research and innovation needed to advance supercapacitors, providing sustainable and efficient solutions to pressing energy challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

J. Willard Gibbs derived the following equation to quantify the maximum work possible for a chemical reaction Maximum work = - Δ G rxn = - Δ H rxn - T Δ S rxn constant T , P ∆Hrxn is the enthalpy change of reaction as measured in a reaction calorimeter and ∆Grxn the change in Gibbs energy as measured, if feasible, in an electrochemical cell by the voltage across the two half-cells. To Gibbs, reaction spontaneity corresponds to negative values of ∆Grxn. But what is T∆Srxn, absolute temperature times the change in entropy? Gibbs stated that this term quantifies the heating/cooling required to maintain constant temperature in an electrochemical cell. Seeking a deeper explanation than this, one involving the behaviors of atoms and molecules that cause these thermodynamic phenomena, I employed an "atoms first" approach to decipher the physical underpinning of T∆Srxn and, in so doing, developed the hypothesis that this term quantifies the change in "structural energy" of the system during a chemical reaction. This hypothesis now challenges me to similarly explain the physical underpinning of the Gibbs–Helmholtz equation d Δ G rxn / dT = - Δ S rxn constant P While this equation illustrates a relationship between ∆Grxn and ∆Srxn, I don't understand how this is so, especially since orbital electron energies that I hypothesize are responsible for ∆Grxn are not directly involved in the entropy determination of atoms and molecules that are responsible for ∆Srxn. I write this paper to both share my progress and also to seek help from any who can clarify this for me. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a water-electrolysis system for hydrogen production, the kinetics of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) critically depend on the exchange current density (J 0) of the electrode. Noble metals, e.g., Pt, Ir, Rh, and Au, offer a significant J 0 when used as electrodes, assisting faster HER. However, instead of using expensive noble metals as electrodes, a thin layer on conventional electrodes, e.g., Ni, Cu, Ag, and Mo, also increases J 0. An electrode's J 0 during HER is calculated from the free energy of hydrogen adsorption (Δ G H), which is determined from hydrogen adsorption energy (E ad) on the electrode surface. This work considered an Ir atomic monolayer as an electrocatalyst on the (111) plane of conventional Ni, Cu, Ag, and Mo electrodes, producing modified Ir/Ni(111), Ir/Cu(111), Ir/Ag(111), and Ir/Mo(111) electrodes. This work calculated E ad of the modified electrodes using the density functional theory (DFT). In addition, this work develops an advanced kinetic model for the exchange current density considering the concentration of hydrogen ions (C H + ) and partial pressure of hydrogen gas (P H 2 ). The dependence of activation overpotential (η a) vs. J 0 relationship on C H + and P H 2 in HER is investigated. For the modified electrodes, J 0 increases by 1 0 2 – 1 0 3 times compared to the conventional electrodes, resulting in efficient H 2 production with low losses. • An Ir atomic monolayer is used on conventional electrodes to enhance hydrogen evolution reactions. • An advanced kinetic model is developed to precisely predict the exchange current density (J 0). • J 0 increases by ∼ 102–103 times using the proposed electrodes compared to conventional ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need to create modern electric cells complying with the new ecological standards for natural and environment friendly products is growing more and more. There is a strong demand for sufficiently reliable galvanic cells that can generate stable electromotive force overtime and are constructed from natural materials. It is a real challenge to find clays, the components of which can be part of the design of low-power and mid-power generators of electromotive voltage. Their combination with zeolite which is known to have electronegative potential provides a possibility to synthesise solid state ceramic membranes which, in turn, can be transformed into galvanic cells by incorporating metal electrodes and electrolyte. The aim of the present paper is to make comparative analysis of clays of various chemical compositions and industrial significance which can be found in the Burgas region and study their potential for generation of electromotive force after certain treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Instrumentation is reported for measuring electromotive force (EMF) from a high-impedance solid electrolyte-based electrochemical cell. Generally, concentration galvanic cells are used to study the high-temperature thermochemical properties of materials. The thermochemical results are determined by precise measurement of the high-impedance EMF and temperature of the electrochemical cell with suitable user interface software for data acquisition. The data are conditioned and processed using the unique design of the hardware and sent to a computer through the serial port. Online graphical displays of the data, averaging, trend viewing, and storage, are performed using a graphical user interface (GUI). The instrumentation was validated by conducting experiments with different materials using an electrochemical cell and its performance was demonstrated to be on par with commercial instruments. This work has enables low-cost sophisticated EMF measurements for determining the thermochemical properties of materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The use of insufficiently treated wastewater or Faecal sludge in agriculture raises concerns because of the pathogen content. Helminth eggs (HE) are one of the most crucial pathogens for ensuring public health and safety. Widely used disinfection treatment methods do not guarantee the complete inactivation of helminth eggs. The current study evaluated the effectiveness of anaerobic digestion and electrochemical process on helminth (Ascaris suum) egg inactivation. Methods Lab-scale biochemical methane potential (BMP) assay was conducted by spiking A. suum eggs in a serum bottle. Total solid (TS), volatile solid (VS), pH, biogas production and its composition, and volatile fatty acids (VFA) were analyzed along with A. suum inactivation every third day for the initial 15 days and fifth day for 45 days. In the second set of experiments, a hypochlorite (4700 ppm) solution was generated by electrolysis of aqueous NaCl solution in a membrane-less electrochemical cell. The hypochlorite was diluted (940, 470, 235, and 156ppm) in wastewater, spiked with A. suum eggs and then examined for inactivation at regular intervals. Results The results of the anaerobic digestion treatment documented 98% inactivation of A. suum eggs (0.15 eggs/mL) in 35 days and remained at 0.14 eggs/mL until day 45. Correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between non-viable eggs and pH and a negative relationship with all the other parameters. Electrochemical treatment achieved 10% inactivation at 940 ppm concentration in 24h. Conclusions This study revealed that the inactivation of A. suum eggs by anaerobic digestion or electrochemical treatment is a combined effect of more than one parameter.

New 3-aryl(hetaryl)-1-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-6-methyl-5-phenylverdazyls were synthesized and characterized by EPR and IR spectroscopies, mass spectrometry, cyclic voltammetry, and X-ray diffraction. The effect of substituents on the spectral and electrochemical properties was studied. It was shown that substituents at position 3 of the verdazyl tetrazine ring, regardless of their nature, cause a significant shift of the oxidation and reduction potentials to the anodic region. The results obtained suggest that the synthesized compounds can be used as an electroactive components in rechargeable organic batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solution-cast method was used to prepare new solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) that conduct potassium ions and are based on polyethylene glycol (PEG) complexed with potassium nitrate (KNO3). This polymer electrolyte system was characterized using different experimental techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), composition vs. conductivity, temperature vs. conductivity, frequency-dependent conductivity, and dielectric measurements. The degree of crystallinity decreased with increasing salt concentration, according to the X-ray diffraction and DSC patterns of PEG with KNO3 salt. For PEG: KNO3 (80 : 20) composition, an optimum conductivity of 8.24× KT−6 S/cm was recorded at 30 °C. Compared with pure PEG, the optimum conducting composition (OCC) conductivity increased by two orders of magnitude. The temperature range of 303 to 333 K was used for the temperature-dependent conductivity experiments. The findings demonstrate that the conductivity obeys the Arrhenius rule and increases as the temperature rises. A dc plateau and a dispersive zone were observed in the conductance spectrum, which also follows Jonscher's power law. It was investigated how temperature and frequency affect the dielectric permittivity. An electrochemical cell with the configuration K/(80PEG : 20KNO3)/(I2+C+electrolyte) was constructed using an 80 : 20 electrolyte system, and its discharge properties were investigated. The cell's open circuit voltage was measured at 2.48 V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, clean energy technologies that meet ever-increasing energy demands without the risk of environmental contamination has been a major interest. One approach is the utilization of plant leaves, which release redox-active NADPH as a result of photosynthesis, to generate photocurrent. In this work, we show for the first time that photocurrent can be harvested directly from the fruit of a cherry tree when associated with a bio-electrochemical cell. Furthermore, we apply electrochemical and spectroscopic methods to show that NADH in the fruit plays a major role in electric current production.

Light is a common source of energy in sustainable technologies for photocurrent generation. To date, in such light‐harvesting applications, the excited electrons generate the photocurrent. Here, we introduce a new mechanism for photocurrent generation that is based on excited state proton transfer (ESPT) of photoacids and photobases that can donate or accept a proton, respectively, but only after excitation. We show that the formed ions following ESPT can either serve as electron donors or acceptors with the electrodes, or modify the kinetics of mass transport across the diffuse layer, both resulting in photocurrent generation. We further show that control of the current polarity is obtained by switching the irradiation between the photoacid and the photobase. Our study represents a new approach in photoelectrochemistry by introducing ESPT processes, which can be further utilized in light‐responsive energy production or energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper reports for the results obtained from studies of electrochemical properties of a zeolitе composite membrane in which sea or other salty water is used as an electrolyte and the electrodes are copper and zinc plates. The article describes in detail the composition of the zeolite membrane, as well as its main application -- as a filter of solid particles and an adsorbent of heavy metals and other pollutants from underground, lake and drinking water. The presented topic concerns a very current scientific problem -- the generation of electromotive voltage (force) from natural sources, without the release of carbon emissions. Natural raw materials are an inexhaustible source of low cost, have good qualities and can be successfully used as a key element in the construction of electrochemical cells to obtain electricity from sea or other salty water. On the basis of the electrochemical cell, a design of a battery with a certain electromotive voltage Е and current I at short circuit is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Batteries are a key resource in the quest for sustainable energy. Here, the theoretical basis is presented for a new type of electrochemical concentration cell that might contribute to this enterprise. The cell, which has been successfully demonstrated in the laboratory, incorporates a chemically asymmetric membrane to drive anisotropic diffusion between two solution chambers; the resulting concentration difference powers the cell. In this study, the membrane's operation is validated via three theoretical approaches: (i) traditional equilibrium thermodynamics; (ii) balancing drift and diffusion current densities; and (iii) the time-independent diffusion equation. The physical criteria for its operation are developed and its dimensionless variables identified. The cell's maximum instantaneous power density might exceed 10 7 W/m 3 . Its self-charging capability should confer multiple advantages over traditional concentration cells (as well as over some voltaics), including improved thermodynamic efficiency, economy, and compactness. Commonalities with other electrochemical systems (e.g., liquid chromatography, metal corrosion, and solid state diodes) are discussed, and a physical instantiation of the cell is reviewed. Recent numerical simulations corroborate its essential processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A material based on graphene oxide is considered as a desiccant of aprotic solvents in nonaqueous electrolytes containing lithium salts. Three methods are proposed for preparation of final materials with different number and volume of pores. The effect of the initial parameters of hydrogel such as its pH and the concentration of solid substance is studied. Dependences of the adsorption capacity of desiccant on its porosity are plotted. The prospects of this new desiccant in dehydration of lithium electrolytes are discussed as compared with commercial molecular sieves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of sustainable processes for the recycling of plastic is a major environmental issue to reduce the pollution by this kind of waste. The electro-oxidation of plastic wastes in electrolysers powered by renewable energies is a promising option to produce hydrogen at low temperature while diminishing the energy demand compared to Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER). Poly (methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) particles, a widely used polymer, were dissolved (0.1–2% wt.) in an isopropanol(IPA)/H 2 O binary solvent and electro-oxidized on Pt/C-based electrodes in a liquid batch electrochemical cell at 70 °C in acidic media. Despite the dissolution strategy, polymer macromolecules partially block the accessibility of the active sites of a commercial electrode and strongly degrades its electrochemical performances mainly linked to IPA electro-oxidation. The preparation of a more porous electrode supported on carbon paper was found to strongly hinder this deactivation. Furthermore, the electrooxidation of PMMA or PMMA-derived molecules can be performed during cyclic voltammetries up to 1.4 V and chrono-amperometries at 1.4 V. • First time: direct PMMA electrolysis as a promising technology for H 2 production. • Study of electrochemical oxidation of PMMA particles dissolved in binary solvents. • Fundamental understanding: Main advantages and limitations of this approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of an aluminum-sodium hypochlorite battery is addressed. The battery was made from household chemicals and products obtained from a typical supermarket. The proposed small-scale battery design is easy to assemble and only one cell is needed to light a red light emitting diode (LED). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work describes electrochemical (EC) protocol suitable for preparation of copper electrodes which can be used as substrates in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). These SERS-active electrodes have been used for electrospectral studies based on the combination of electrochemical and SERS analysis (EC-SRS analysis). Several endogenous bodyfl uid components (urea, creatinine, uric acid, bilirubin) have been selected for the study because they can signifi cantly aff ect the SERS-based determination of other analytes in bodyfl uids (for example, drugs). The infl uence of the SERS-active electrode polarization (applied potential) and the pH level of the analyte solutions on the SERS signal and current value have been investigated. The polarization values corresponded to the maximum SERS signal are observed at negative values for all analytes (below −0.2 V vs. copper pseudo-reference electrode). The maximal SERS signal has been observed for most of the analytes in a neutral medium (at the optimum polarization value of the SERS-active electrode), and the weakest signal has been in an alkaline medium. The diminishing of EC-SERS signal at high pH values is explained by deprotonation of analyte molecules that deteriorates analyte adsorption onto the negatively polarized SERS-active electrodes. Analysis of the current-voltage curves has been used to estimate the possible infl uence of EC changes of the studied molecules on their EC-SERS signal. The results obtained in this work will be useful for the development of EC-SERS systems suitable for the determination of various endo- and exogenous compounds in human biofl uids.

The lack of standardized objective approaches hinders the accurate diagnosis and treatment of depression. Herein, a novel electrochemical platform was created utilizing cost-effective and rapid 3D printing technology to overcome the constraints of conventional diagnostic methods. This method allows for highly sensitive detection of Apolipoprotein A4 (Apo-A4), an important biomarker for depression, using dual-signal outputs. The electrode material utilized in this setup consisted of a combination of carbon black/polylactic acid (CB/PLA) and ferrocene-chitosan-gold nanoparticles (Fc–CS–AuNPs). On the other hand, the signal label was composed of gold nanoparticles-thionine-secondary antibody (AuNPs-Thi-Ab 2). This setup yielded distinct electrochemical signals originating from ferrocene (I Fc) and thionine (I Thi), which exhibited an inverse relationship with fluctuations in Apo-A4 levels. Moreover, the ratio of I Thi to I Fc (I Thi / I Fc) demonstrated a direct association with the concentration of Apo-A4. The immunosensor exhibited a wide linear response range, covering from 10−5 to 102 ng mL−1, and achieved an exceptionally low detection limit (LOD) of 1.194 fg mL−1. The platform's performance was confirmed by reliable outcomes obtained directly from merely 500 μL spiked rat serum. This approach provides a valuable instrument for the objective evaluation and diagnosis of depression in a clinical setting. [Display omitted] • The first ratiometric immunosensing platform for detecting Apo-A4 was prepared. • The detection limit of the platform was low to 1.194 fg mL−1 for Apo-A4. • The platform test requires a serum sample volume as small as 500 μL. • The platform was manufactured via low-cost and rapid 3D printing. • The immunosensing platform can be used for objective and accurate diagnosis of depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, clean energy technologies that meet ever-increasing energy demands without the risk of environmental contamination has been a major interest. One approach is the utilization of plant leaves, which release redox-active NADPH as a result of photosynthesis, to generate photocurrent. In this work, we show for the first time that photocurrent can be harvested directly from the fruit of a cherry tree when associated with a bio-electrochemical cell. Furthermore, we apply electrochemical and spectroscopic methods to show that NADH in the fruit plays a major role in electric current production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strontium-selective potentiometric sensors with polymeric membranes based on di-tert-butyldicyclohexano-18-crown-6 were developed to control the strontium content in technological solutions of radiochemical industries. The detection limit is shown to be 2 × 10–6 M, and the slope of the electrode function is 29 ± 1 mV/pSr. The selectivity coefficients of the strontium-selective sensor towards the main interfering ions were determined. It was established that the dose of ionizing radiation at the 10 kGy level does not significantly affect the performance of the developed strontium-selective sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar‐assisted water electrolysis is a promising technology for storing the energy of incident solar irradiation into hydrogen as a fuel. Here, an integrated continuous flow electrochemical reactor coupled to a monolithic perovskite‐silicon tandem solar cell is demonstrated that provides light‐driven electrochemical solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion with an energy conversion efficiency exceeding 21% at 1‐Sun equivalent light intensity and stable operation during three simulated day‐night cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new type of potentiometric sensor for cesium ions based on a crown ether (dibenzo-21-crown-7) is proposed; its analytical characteristics are presented: limit of detection, slope of electrode function, selectivity to a number of interfering ions, and the working pH range of solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times there has been a great deal of interest in the conversion of carbon dioxide into more useful chemical compounds. On the other hand, the translation of these developments in electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide from the laboratory bench to practical scale remains an underexplored topic. Here we examine some of the major challenges, demonstrating some promising strategies towards such scale-up, including increased electrode area and stacking of electrode pairs in different configurations. We observed that increasing the electrode area from 1 to 10 cm2 led to only a 4% drop in current density, with similarly small penalties realised when stacking sub-cells together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]