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1. Form Factors and Two-Photon Exchange in High-Energy Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering

Author

Christy, M.E., Gautam, T., Ou, L., Schmookler, B., Wang, Y., Adikaram, D., Ahmed, Z., Albataineh, H., Ali, S.F., Aljawrneh, B., Allada, K., Allison, S.L., Alsalmi, S., Androic, D., Aniol, K., Annand, John, Arrington, J., Atac, H., Averett, T., Ayerbe Gayoso, C., Bai, X., Bane, J., Barcus, S., Bartlett, K., Bellini, V., Beminiwattha, R., Bericic, J., Bhatt, H., Bhetuwal, D., Biswas, D., Brash, E., Bulumulla, D., Camacho, C.M., Campbell, J., Camsonne, A., Carmignotto, M., Castellanos, J., Chen, C., Chen, J-P., Chetry, T., Cisbani, E., Clary, B., Cohen, E., Compton, N., Cornejo, J.C., Covrig Dusa, S., Crowe, B., Danagoulian, S., Danley, T., Deconinck, W., Defurne, M., Desnault, C., Di, D., Dlamini, M., Duer, M., Duran, B., Ent, R., Fanelli, C., Fuchey, E., Gal, C., Gaskell, D., Georges, F., Gilad, S., Glamazdin, O., Gnanvo, K., Gramolin, A.V., Gray, V.M., Gu, C., Habarakada, A., Hague, T., Hamad, G., Hamilton, David, Hamilton, K., Hansen, O., Hauenstein, F., Hernandez, A.V., Henry, W., Higinbotham, D.W., Holmstrom, T., Horn, T., Huang, Y., Huber, G.M., Hyde, C., Ibrahim, H., Israel, N., Jen, C-M., Jin, K., Jones, M., Kabir, A., Karki, B., Keppel, C., Khachatryan, V., King, P.M., Li, S., Li, W., Liu, H., Liu, J., Liyanage, A.H., Mack, D., Magee, J., Malace, S., Mammei, J., Markowitz, P., Mayilyan, S., McClellan, E., Meddi, F., Meekins, D., Mesick, K., Michaels, R., Mkrtchyan, A., Moffit, B., Montgomery, Rachel, Myers, L.S., Nadel-Turonski, P., Nazeer, S.J., Nelyubin, V., Nguyen, D., Nuruzzaman, N., Nycz, M., Obrecht, R.F., Ohanyan, K., Palatchi, C., Pandey, B., Park, K., Park, S., Peng, C., Persio, F.D., Pomatsalyuk, R., Pooser, E., Puckett, A.J.R., Punjabi, V., Quinn, B., Rahman, S., Rashad, M.N.H., Reimer, P.E., Riordan, S., Roche, J., Sapkota, I., Sarty, A., Sawatzky, B., Saylor, N.H., Shabestari, M.H., Shahinyan, A., Širca, S., Smith, G.R., Sooriyaarachchilage, S., Sparveris, N., Spies, R., Stefanko, A., Su, T., Subedi, A., Sulkosky, V., Sun, A., Tan, Y., Thorne, L., Ton, N., Tortorici, F., Trotta, R., Uniyal, R., Urciuoli, G.M., Voutier, E., Waidyawansa, B., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, S., Yan, X., Ye, L., Ye, Z.H., Yero, C., Zhang, J., Zhao, Y.X., Zhu, P., Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), CentraleSupélec, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)

Subjects
exchange: two-photon, polarization, longitudinal, momentum transfer, p: form factor: magnetic, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], form factor, electron-proton scattering, two photon exchange, High Energy Physics - Experiment, electron p: scattering, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), transverse, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), cross section: elastic scattering, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We present new precision measurements of the elastic electron-proton scattering cross section for momentum transfer (Q$^2$) up to 15.75~\gevsq. Combined with existing data, these provide an improved extraction of the proton magnetic form factor at high Q$^2$ and double the range over which a longitudinal/transverse separation of the cross section can be performed. The difference between our results and polarization data agrees with that observed at lower Q$^2$ and attributed to hard two-photon exchange (TPE) effects, extending to 8~(GeV/c)$^2$ the range of Q$^2$ for which a discrepancy is established at $>$95\% confidence. We use the discrepancy to quantify the size of TPE contributions needed to explain the cross section at high Q$^2$., 7 pages, 2 figures

Published
2022
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2. The strong coupling constant: State of the art and the decade ahead

Author

d'Enterria, D., Kluth, S., Zanderighi, G., Ayala, C., Benitez-Rathgeb, M. A., Bluemlein, J., Boito, D., Brambilla, N., Britzger, D., Camarda, S., Cooper-Sarkar, A. M., Cridge, T., Cvetic, G., Brida, M. Dalla, Deur, A., Giuli, F., Golterman, M., Hoang, A. H., Huston, J., Jamin, M., Kotikov, A. V., Krivokhizhin, V. G., Kronfeld, A. S., Leino, V., Lipka, K., Makela, T., Malaescu, B., Maltman, K., Marzani, S., Mateu, V., Moch, S., Monni, P. F., Nadolsky, P., Nason, P., Nesterenko, A. V., Perez-Ramos, R., Peris, S., Petreczky, P., Pich, A., Rabbertz, K., Ramos, A., Reichelt, D., Rodriguez-Sanchez, A., Rojo, J., Saragnese, M., Sawyer, L., Schott, M., Schumann, S., Shaikhatdenov, B. G., Sint, S., Soyez, G., Teca, D., Vairo, A., Vos, M., Waits, C., Weber, J. H., Wobisch, M., Xie, K., Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Polytechnique des Sciences Avancées (IPSA), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies (LPTHE), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Théorique - UMR CNRS 3681 (IPHT), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
p p: scattering, FOS: Physical sciences, hep-lat, parton: distribution function, Z0: mass, High Energy Physics - Experiment, mass [Z0], hadronic [final state], electron p: scattering, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), mass: scale, High Energy Physics - Lattice, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), strong interaction: coupling constant, scale [mass], deep inelastic scattering, strong coupling, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], scattering [p p], quarkonium: decay, Particle Physics - Phenomenology, electroweak interaction, [PHYS.HLAT]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Lattice [hep-lat], hep-ex, High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat), High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, lattice field theory, Particle Physics - Lattice, hep-ph, scattering [electron p], High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], final state: hadronic, High Energy Physics::Experiment, decay [quarkonium], distribution function [parton], coupling constant [strong interaction], Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract

This document provides a comprehensive summary of the state-of-the-art, challenges, and prospects in the experimental and theoretical study of the strong coupling $\alpha_s$. The current status of the seven methods presently used to determine $\alpha_s$ based on: (i) lattice QCD, (ii) hadronic $\tau$ decays, (iii) deep-inelastic scattering and parton distribution functions fits, (iv) electroweak boson decays, hadronic final-states in (v) e+e-, (vi) e-p, and (vii) p-p collisions, and (viii) quarkonia decays and masses, are reviewed. Novel $\alpha_s$ determinations are discussed, as well as the averaging method used to obtain the PDG world-average value at the reference Z boson mass scale, $\alpha_s(m^2_Z)$. Each of the extraction methods proposed provides a "wish list" of experimental and theoretical developments required in order to achieve an ideal permille precision on $\alpha_s(m^2_Z)$ within the next 10 years., Comment: 130 pages, 82 figures. White paper submitted to the Energy Frontier "Proceedings of the US Community Study on the Future of Particle Physics" (Snowmass 2021)

Published
2022
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3. The Large Hadron–Electron Collider at the HL-LHC

Author

Agostini, P., Aksakal, H., Apolinario, L., Goyal, A., Grames, J., Granados, E., Grassellino, A., Gunaydin, Y. O., Guo, Y. C., Guzey, V., Gwenlan, C., Hammad, A., Han, C. C., Apsimon, R., Harland-Lang, L., Haug, F., Hautmann, F., Hayden, D., Hessler, J., Helenius, I., Henry, J., Hernandez-Sanchez, J., Hesari, H., Hobbs, T. J., Apyan, A., Hod, N., Hoffstaetter, G. H., Holzer, B., Honorato, C. G., Hounsell, B., Hu, N., Hug, F., Huss, A., Hutton, A., Islam, R., Arduini, G., Iwamoto, S., Jana, S., Jansova, M., Jensen, E., Jones, T., Jowett, J. M., Kaabi, W., Kado, M., Kalinin, D. A., Karadeniz, H., Ari, V., Kawaguchi, S., Kaya, U., Khalek, R. A., Khanpour, H., Kilic, A., Klein, M., Klein, U., Kluth, S., Köksal, M., Kocak, F., Armbruster, A., Korostelev, M., Kostka, P., Krelina, M., Kretzschmar, J., Kuday, S., Kulipanov, G., Kumar, M., Kuze, M., Lappi, T., Larios, F., Armesto, N., Latina, A., Laycock, P., Lei, G., Levitchev, E., Levonian, Serguei V., Levy, A., Li, R., Li, X., Liang, H., Litvinenko, V., Auchmann, B., Liu, M., Liu, T., Liu, W., Liu, Y., Liuti, S., Lobodzinska, Ewelina, Longuevergne, D., Luo, X., Ma, W., Machado, M., Aulenbacher, K., Mandal, S., Mäntysaari, H., Marhauser, F., Marquet, C., Martens, A., Martin, R., Marzani, S., McFayden, J., Mcintosh, P., Mellado, B., Azuelos, G., Meot, F., Milanese, A., Milhano, J. G., Militsyn, B., Mitra, M., Moch, S., Mohammadi Najafabadi, M., Mondal, S., Moretti, S., Morgan, T., Alan, H., Backovic, S., Morreale, A., Nadolsky, P., Navarra, F., Nergiz, Z., Newman, P., Niehues, J., Nissen, E. A., Nowakowski, M., Okada, N., Olivier, G., Bailey, I., Olness, F., Olry, G., Osborne, J. A., Ozansoy, A., Pan, R., Parker, B., Patra, M., Paukkunen, H., Peinaud, Y., Pellegrini, D., Bailey, S., Perez-Segurana, G., Perini, D., Perrot, L., Pietralla, N., Pilicer, E., Pire, B., Pires, J., Placakyte, R., Poelker, M., Polifka, R., Balli, F., Polini, A., Poulose, P., Pownall, G., Pupkov, Y. A., Queiroz, F. S., Rabbertz, K., Radescu, V., Rahaman, R., Rai, S. K., Raicevic, N., Behera, S., Ratoff, P., Rashed, A., Raut, D., Raychaudhuri, S., Repond, J., Rezaeian, A. H., Rimmer, R., Rinolfi, L., Rojo, J., Rosado, A., Behnke, O., Ruan, X., Russenschuck, S., Sahin, M., Salgado, C. A., Sampayo, O. A., Satendra, K., Satyanarayan, N., Schenke, B., Schirm, K., Schopper, H., Ben-Zvi, I., Schott, M., Schulte, D., Schwanenberger, C., Sekine, T., Senol, A., Seryi, A., Setiniyaz, S., Shang, L., Shen, X., Shipman, N., Benedikt, M., Sinha, N., Slominski, W., Smith, S., Solans, C., Song, M., Spiesberger, H., Stanyard, J., Starostenko, A., Stasto, A., Stocchi, A., Bernauer, J., Strikman, M., Stuart, M. J., Sultansoy, S., Sun, H., Sutton, M., Szymanowski, L., Tapan, I., Tapia-Takaki, D., Tanaka, M., Tang, Y., Bertolucci, S., Tasci, A. T., Ten-Kate, A. T., Thonet, P., Tomas-Garcia, R., Tommasini, D., Trbojevic, D., Trott, M., Tsurin, I., Tudora, A., Turk Cakir, I., Alekhin, S., Biswal, S. S., Tywoniuk, K., Vallerand, C., Valloni, A., Verney, D., Vilella, E., Walker, D., Wallon, S., Wang, B., Wang, K., Blümlein, Johannes, Wang, X., Wang, Z. S., Wei, H., Welsch, C., Willering, G., Williams, P. H., Wollmann, D., Xiaohao, C., Xu, T., Yaguna, C. E., Bogacz, A., Yamaguchi, Y., Yamazaki, Y., Yang, H., Yilmaz, A., Yock, P., Yue, C. X., Zadeh, S. G., Zenaiev, O., Zhang, C., Zhang, J., Bonvini, M., Zhang, R., Zhang, Z., Zhu, G., Zhu, S., Zimmermann, F., Zomer, F., Zurita, J., Zurita, P., LHeC Collaboration, Group, FCC-he Study, Boonekamp, M., Bordry, F., Boroun, G. R., Bottura, L., Bousson, S., Bouzas, A. O., Allport, P. P., Bracco, C., Bracinik, J., Britzger, D., Brodsky, S. J., Bruni, C., Brüning, O., Burkhardt, H., Cakir, O., Calaga, R., Caldwell, A., Andari, N., Calıskan, A., Camarda, S., Catalan-Lasheras, N. C., Cassou, K., Cepila, J., Cetinkaya, V., Chetvertkova, V., Cole, B., Coleppa, B., Cooper-Sarkar, A., Andre, K. D. J., Cormier, E., Cornell, A. S., Corsini, R., Cruz-Alaniz, E., Currie, J., Curtin, D., D'Onofrio, M., Dainton, J., Daly, E., Das, A., Angal-Kalinin, D., Das, S. P., Dassa, L., de Blas, J., Delle Rose, L., Denizli, H., Deshpande, K. S., Douglas, D., Duarte, L., Dupraz, K., Dutta, S., Antusch, S., Efremov, A. V., Eichhorn, R., Eskola, K. J., Ferreiro, E. G., Fischer, O., Flores-Sánchez, O., Forte, S., Gaddi, A., Gao, J., Gehrmann, T., Aperio Bella, L., Gehrmann-De Ridder, A., Gerigk, F., Gilbert, A., Giuli, F., Glazov, Alexander, Glover, N., Godbole, R. M., Goddard, B., Gonçalves, V., Gonzalez-Sprinberg, G. A., Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] (CPHT), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LHeC, FCC-he Study Group, Çetinkaya, Volkan, Çalışkan, Abdullatif, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), Agostini P, Aksakal H, Duarte Lucía, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ciencias. Instituto de Física., Helsinki Institute of Physics, Particle Physics and Astrophysics, and Calıskan, Abdullatif

Subjects
energy recovery, lepton nucleus: scattering, parton: distribution function, hiukkasfysiikka, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, accelerator physics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), HEAVY FLAVOR CONTRIBUTIONS, energy-recovery- linac, Nuclear Experiment, colliding beams [electron p], deep-inelastic scattering, top and electroweak physics, new physics, Physics, STRUCTURE-FUNCTION RATIOS, Monte Carlo [numerical calculations], buildings, primary [vertex], High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, electron p: colliding beams, kinematics, Nuclear Physics - Theory, final state: hadronic, p: distribution function, beyond Standard Model, vertex: primary, numerical calculations: Monte Carlo, distribution function [parton], High-lumiLHC, STRUCTURE-FUNCTION F-2(X, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], ion: beam, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 114 Physical sciences, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), deep inelastic scattering, quantum chromodynamics, ddc:530, 010306 general physics, high-lumi LHC, QCD, Higgs, nuclear physics, beyond standard Model, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, resolution, scattering [electron p], structure function [nucleus], sensitivity, beam [electron], energy-recovery-linac, acceptance, Nuclear Theory, HIGH-ENERGY FACTORIZATION, distribution function [p], density [parton], High-lumi LHC, High Energy Physics - Experiment, design [detector], High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), electron: linear accelerator, electron hadron: scattering, CERN LHC Coll: upgrade, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], scattering [electron hadron], FCC, electron: beam, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), linear accelerator [electron], lattice, superconductivity, Energy-recoverylinac, Beyond Standard Mode, Nuclear physics, electron nucleus: colliding beams, parton: density, colliding beams [electron nucleus], Particle Physics - Experiment, NUCLEON STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, scattering [lepton nucleus], beam [ion], FOS: Physical sciences, nucleus: structure function, hadronic [final state], electron p: scattering, TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM DEPENDENCE, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Physics - Experiment, structure, upgrade [CERN LHC Coll], detector: design, Particle Physics - Phenomenology, DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING, electroweak interaction, 3-LOOP SPLITTING FUNCTIONS, CLASSICAL RADIATION ZEROS, calibration, Accelerators and Storage Rings, magnet, high [current], 13. Climate action, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], LHeC, Physics::Accelerator Physics, JET CROSS-SECTIONS, High Energy Physics::Experiment, current: high
Abstract

The Large Hadron-Electron Collider (LHeC) is designed to move the field of deep inelastic scattering (DIS) to the energy and intensity frontier of particle physics. Exploiting energy-recovery technology, it collides a novel, intense electron beam with a proton or ion beam from the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). The accelerator and interaction region are designed for concurrent electron-proton and proton-proton operations. This report represents an update to the LHeC's conceptual design report (CDR), published in 2012. It comprises new results on the parton structure of the proton and heavier nuclei, QCD dynamics, and electroweak and top-quark physics. It is shown how the LHeC will open a new chapter of nuclear particle physics by extending the accessible kinematic range of lepton-nucleus scattering by several orders of magnitude. Due to its enhanced luminosity and large energy and the cleanliness of the final hadronic states, the LHeC has a strong Higgs physics programme and its own discovery potential for new physics. Building on the 2012 CDR, this report contains a detailed updated design for the energy-recovery electron linac (ERL), including a new lattice, magnet and superconducting radio-frequency technology, and further components. Challenges of energy recovery are described, and the lower-energy, high-current, three-turn ERL facility, PERLE at Orsay, is presented, which uses the LHeC characteristics serving as a development facility for the design and operation of the LHeC. An updated detector design is presented corresponding to the acceptance, resolution, and calibration goals that arise from the Higgs and parton-density-function physics programmes. This paper also presents novel results for the Future Circular Collider in electron-hadron (FCC-eh) mode, which utilises the same ERL technology to further extend the reach of DIS to even higher centre-of-mass energies., Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, 48 (11), ISSN:0305-4616, ISSN:0954-3899, ISSN:1361-6471, ISSN:0954-3889

Published
2021
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4. The importance of kinematic twists and genuine saturation effects in dijet production at the Electron-Ion Collider

Author

Heikki Mäntysaari, Björn Schenke, Renaud Boussarie, Farid Salazar, Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] (CPHT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), and Helsinki Institute of Physics

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, quark antiquark, QC770-798, hiukkasfysiikka, PROTON, transverse momentum dependence, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Color-glass condensate, GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), law, EQUATION, Saturation (graph theory), Wave function, Physics, electron nucleon: colliding beams, QUARK PAIR PRODUCTION, FLUCTUATIONS, QCD Phenomenology, QCD phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, kinematics, twist, Physics::Space Physics, Production (computer science), Quark, dijet: production, COLLISIONS, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], FOS: Physical sciences, anisotropy, 114 Physical sciences, dihadron: angular correlation, deep inelastic scattering (phenomenology), AZIMUTHAL CORRELATIONS, Momentum, electron p: scattering, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 0103 physical sciences, WAVE-FUNCTIONS, 010306 general physics, Collider, Deep Inelastic Scattering (Phenomenology), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, electron nucleus: scattering, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, EVOLUTION, Gluon, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], gluon: saturation, color glass condensate, High Energy Physics::Experiment, kvanttiväridynamiikka
Abstract

We compute the differential yield for quark anti-quark dijet production in high-energy electron-proton and electron-nucleus collisions at small $x$ as a function of the relative momentum $\boldsymbol{P}_\perp$ and momentum imbalance $\boldsymbol{k}_\perp$ of the dijet system for different photon virtualities $Q^2$, and study the elliptic and quadrangular anisotropies in the relative angle between $\boldsymbol{P}_\perp$ and $\boldsymbol{k}_\perp$. We review and extend the analysis in [1], which compared the results of the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) with those obtained using the transverse momentum dependent (TMD) framework. In particular, we include in our comparison the improved TMD (ITMD) framework, which resums kinematic power corrections of the ratio $k_\perp$ over the hard scale $Q_\perp$. By comparing ITMD and CGC results we are able to isolate genuine higher saturation contributions in the ratio $Q_s/Q_\perp$ which are resummed only in the CGC. These saturation contributions are in addition to those in the Weizs\"ackerWilliams gluon TMD that appear in powers of $Q_s/k_\perp$. We provide numerical estimates of these contributions for inclusive dijet production at the future Electron-Ion Collider, and identify kinematic windows where they can become relevant in the measurement of dijet and dihadron azimuthal correlations. We argue that such measurements will allow the detailed experimental study of both kinematic power corrections and genuine gluon saturation effects., Comment: v3: typos corrected post-publication. v2: 52 pages, 13 figures, matches published version

Published
2021
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5. Measurement of the Charge-Averaged Elastic Lepton-Proton Scattering Cross Section by the OLYMPUS Experiment

Author

Bernauer, J. C., Schmidt, A., Avetisyan, A., Beck, R., Belostotski, S., Bessuille, J., Brinker, F., Calarco, J. R., Carassiti, V., Cisbani, E., Ciullo, G., Contalbrigo, M., Henderson, B. S., De Leo, R., Diefenbach, J., Donnelly, T. W., Dow, K., Elbakian, G., Eversheim, P. D., Frullani, S., Funke, Ch., Gavrilov, G., Gläser, B., Ice, L. D., Görrissen, N., Hasell, D. K., Hauschildt, J., Hoffmeister, Ph., Holler, Y., Ihloff, E., Izotov, A., Kaiser, R., Karyan, G., Kelsey, J., Khaneft, D., Kiselev, A., Klassen, P., Krivshich, A., Kohl, M., Lehmann, I., Lenisa, P., Lenz, D., Lumsden, S., Ma, Y., Maas, F., O'Connor, C., Marukyan, H., Miklukho, O., Milner, R. G., Movsisyan, A., Murray, M., Naryshkin, Y., Benito, R. Perez, Perrino, R., Redwine, R. P., Piñeiro, D. Rodríguez, Russell, R., Rosner, G., Schneekloth, Uwe, Seitz, B., Statera, M., Thiel, A., Vardanyan, H., Veretennikov, D., Vidal, C., Winnebeck, A., Yeganov, V., Akopov, N., Olympus Collaboration, Alarcon, R., and Ates, O.

Subjects
Proton, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, electromagnetic [calorimeter], elastic scattering, General Physics and Astronomy, Electron, momentum transfer dependence, 01 natural sciences, Economica, electromagnetic form factors, DESY Lab, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, Physics, Elastic scattering, Luminosity (scattering theory), Form factor (quantum field theory), elastic scattering [cross section], recoil [p], beam [positron], target [hydrogen], electromagnetic [form factor], electron-proton scattering, Socio-culturale, FOS: Physical sciences, electron p: scattering, Nuclear physics, Cross section (physics), PE2_2, PE2_1, 0103 physical sciences, form factor [p], p: recoil, ddc:530, cross section: elastic scattering, 010306 general physics, PE2_3, hydrogen: target, Nuclear Physics, positron p: scattering, Ambientale, positron-proton scattering, DESY, scattering [electron p], form factor: electromagnetic, scattering [positron p], positron: beam, calorimeter: electromagnetic, p: form factor, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, spectrometer, experimental results, Lepton
Abstract

Physical review letters 126(16), 162501 (1-6) (2021). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.162501, We report the first measurement of the average of the electron-proton and positron-proton elastic scattering cross sections. This lepton charge-averaged cross section is insensitive to the leading effects of hard two-photon exchange, giving more robust access to the proton’s electromagnetic form factors. The cross section was extracted from data taken by the OLYMPUS experiment at DESY, in which alternating stored electron and positron beams were scattered from a windowless gaseous hydrogen target. Elastic scattering events were identified from the coincident detection of the scattered lepton and recoil proton in a large-acceptance toroidal spectrometer. The luminosity was determined from the rates of Møller, Bhabha, and elastic scattering in forward electromagnetic calorimeters. The data provide some selectivity between existing form factor global fits and will provide valuable constraints to future fits, Published by APS, College Park, Md.

Published
2021
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6. The origin of the proton radius puzzle

Author

Egle Tomasi-Gustafsson, S. Pacetti, Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) (DPHN), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Proton, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, Hadron, Dimension (graph theory), Extrapolation, Observable, Radius, 01 natural sciences, p: charge radius, analytic properties, electron p: scattering, Charge radius, electron: scattering, CLAS, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, experimental results
Abstract

The dimension of the proton, the basic building block of matter, is still object of controversy. The most precise electron-proton scattering data at low transferred momenta are re-analyzed and the extraction of the proton radius is discussed. A recent experiment from the JLAB-CLAS collaboration gives a small value for the radius (The symbol $$R_E^\alpha $$ R E α stands for the root-mean-square charge radius of the proton $$\sqrt{\langle r_E^2\rangle }$$ ⟨ r E 2 ⟩ , obtained by the experimental or theoretical Collaboration $$\alpha $$ α .) $$R_E^\mathrm{CLAS}= (0.831\pm 0.007_\mathrm{stat}\pm 0.012_\mathrm{syst})$$ R E CLAS = ( 0.831 ± 0 . 007 stat ± 0 . 012 syst ) fm (Xiong et al. in Nature 575:147, 2019), in contrast with previous electron scattering experiments, in particular with the MAINZ experiment (Bernauer et al. (A1 Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 90:015206, 2014) that concluded $$R_E^\mathrm{MAINZ}= (0.879\pm 0.005_\mathrm{stat}\pm 0.004_\mathrm{syst}\pm 0.002_\mathrm{model}\pm 0.004_\mathrm{group})$$ R E MAINZ = ( 0.879 ± 0 . 005 stat ± 0 . 004 syst ± 0 . 002 model ± 0 . 004 group ) fm. The experimental results are re-analyzed in terms of different fits of the cross section and of its discrete derivative with analyticity constraints. The uncertainty on the derivative is two orders of magnitude larger than the error on the measured observable, i.e., the cross section. The systematic error associated with the radius is evaluated taking into account the uncertainties from different sources, as the extrapolation to the static point, the choice of the class of fitting functions, and the range of the data sample.

Published
2021
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7. Measurement of Exclusive $\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$ and $\rho^0$ Meson Photoproduction at HERA

Author

Andreev, V., Baghdasaryan, A., Bystritskaya, L., Robmann, P., Roosen, R., Rostovtsev, A., Rotaru, M., Sankey, D. P. C., Sauter, M., Sauvan, E., Schmitt, S., Schmookler, B. A., Schoeffel, L., Campbell, A. J., Schöning, A., Sefkow, F., Shushkevich, S., Soloviev, Y., Sopicki, P., South, D., Spaskov, V., Specka, A., Steder, M., Stella, B., Cantun Avila, K. B., Straumann, U., Sykora, T., Thompson, P. D., Traynor, D., Truöl, P., Tseepeldorj, B., Tu, Z., Valkárová, A., Vallée, C., Van Mechelen, P., Cerny, K., Wegener, D., Wünsch, E., Žáček, J., Zhang, J., Zhang, Z., Žlebčík, R., Zohrabyan, H., Zomer, F., H1 Collaboration, Chekelian, V., Chen, Z., Contreras, J. G., Cvach, J., Dainton, J. B., Daum, K., Baty, A., Deshpande, A., Diaconu, C., Eckerlin, G., Egli, S., Elsen, E., Favart, L., Fedotov, A., Feltesse, J., Fleischer, M., Fomenko, A., Begzsuren, K., Gal, C., Gayler, J., Goerlich, L., Gogitidze, N., Gouzevitch, M., Grab, C., Grebenyuk, A., Greenshaw, T., Grindhammer, G., Haidt, D., Belousov, A., Henderson, R. C. W., Hladky, J., Hoffmann, D., Horisberger, R., Hreus, T., Huber, F., Jacquet, M., Janssen, X., Jung, A. W., Jung, H., Bolz, A., Kapichine, M., Katzy, J., Kiesling, C., Klein, M., Kleinwort, C., Kogler, R., Kostka, P., Kretzschmar, J., Krücker, D., Krüger, K., Boudry, V., Landon, M. P. J., Lange, W., Laycock, P., Lebedev, A., Levonian, S., Lipka, K., List, B., List, J., Li, W., Lobodzinski, B., Brandt, G., Malinovski, E., Martyn, H.-U., Maxfield, S. J., Mehta, A., Meyer, A. B., Meyer, H., Meyer, J., Mikocki, S., Mondal, M. M., Morozov, A., Britzger, D., Müller, K., Naumann, Th., Newman, P. R., Niebuhr, C., Nowak, G., Olsson, J. E., Ozerov, D., Park, S., Pascaud, C., Patel, G. D., Buniatyan, A., Perez, E., Petrukhin, A., Picuric, I., Pitzl, D., Polifka, R., Radescu, V., Raicevic, N., Ravdandorj, T., Reimer, P., Rizvi, E., Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPhP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), H1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)

Subjects
mass [meson], exclusive reaction, data analysis method, M009M0P, production [resonance], dissociation [p], +pi%2B+pi-+p%22">photon p --> pi+ pi- p, Regge, measured [cross section], production [lead], model [photon], High Energy Physics - Experiment, electron p: scattering, phase space, photoproduction [meson], [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], ddc:530, dissociation [photon], decay [pi], Nuclear Experiment, Monte Carlo, Particle Physics - Phenomenology, M001M, hep-ex, Regge poles, scattering, hep-ph, scattering [electron p], cross section: measured, rho(770): photoproduction, p: dissociation, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, DESY HERA Stor, pair production [pi], [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], H1, slope, M009W0P, High Energy Physics::Experiment, photoproduction [rho(770)], pi+ pi, pi: pair production, Particle Physics - Experiment, experimental results, resonance: production
Abstract

Exclusive photoproduction of $\rho^0(770)$ mesons is studied using the H1 detector at the $ep$ collider HERA. A sample of about 900000 events is used to measure single- and double-differential cross sections for the reaction $\gamma p \to \pi^{+}\pi^{-}Y$. Reactions where the proton stays intact (${m_Y{=}m_p}$) are statistically separated from those where the proton dissociates to a low-mass hadronic system ($m_p{, Comment: 74 pages, 20 figures, 23 tables, accepted by EPJC. Figure numbering updated. Ancillary material has been updated

Published
2020
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8. Measurement of the Generalized Polarizabilities of the Proton at Intermediate $Q^2$

Author

J. Beričič, Y. Kohl, A. Blomberg, Patrick Achenbach, L. Nungesser, Jan C. Bernauer, Simon Širca, F. Schulz, A. Tyukin, M. Benali, M. O. Distler, Nikos Sparveris, D. G. Middleton, Concettina Sfienti, Damir Bosnar, L. Debenjak, Michael Paolone, M. Mihovilovic, A. C. Weber, L. Correa, M. Schoth, B. S. Schlimme, E. J. Downie, M. Weinriefer, H. Fonvieille, Anselm Esser, U. Müller, Harald Merkel, Ivica Friščić, Michaela Thiel, S. Kegel, J. Pochodzalla, S. Štajner, Mihael Makek, S. Sánchez Majos, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, A. G. Denig, R. Böhm, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), and A1

Subjects
MAINZ-A1, Proton, Nuclear Theory, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], higher-order, Hadronic Physics and QCD, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], momentum transfer dependence, 01 natural sciences, electron p: scattering, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), Cross section (physics), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Polarizability, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, p: structure function, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Microtron, Nuclear Experiment, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Compton scattering, Observable, cross section: measured, calibration, Computational physics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], p: polarizability, +electron+p+photon%22">electron p --> electron p photon, Nucleon, experimental results
Abstract

Background: Generalized polarizabilities (GPs) are important observables to describe the nucleon structure, and measurements of these observables are still scarce. Purpose: This paper presents details of a virtual Compton scattering (VCS) experiment, performed at the A1 setup at the Mainz Microtron by studying the $e p \to e p \gamma$ reaction. The article focuses on selected aspects of the analysis. Method: The experiment extracted the $P_{LL} -P_{TT} / \epsilon$ and $P_{LT}$ structure functions, as well as the electric and magnetic GPs of the proton, at three new values of the four-momentum transfer squared $Q^2$: 0.10, 0.20 and 0.45 GeV$^2$. Results: We emphasize the importance of the calibration of experimental parameters. The behavior of the measured $e p \to e p \gamma$ cross section is presented and compared to the theory. A detailed investigation of the polarizability fits reveals part of their complexity, in connection with the higher-order terms of the low-energy expansion. Conclusions: The presented aspects are elements which contribute to minimize the systematic uncertainties and improve the precision of the physics results., Comment: 16 pages, 15 figures, Version 4, regular article to appear in Phys.Rev.C, more final version of some figures

Published
2020
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9. Probing the Gluon Sivers Function with an Unpolarized Target: GTMD Distributions and the Odderons

Author

Lech Szymanowski, Renaud Boussarie, Samuel Wallon, Yoshitaka Hatta, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies (LPTHE), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Sorbonne (UP4)

Subjects
exclusive reaction, Particle physics, Nuclear Theory, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], High Energy Physics::Lattice, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, pi: production, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Sivers function, electron p: scattering, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Pion, quantum chromodynamics, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], polarization: transverse, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Nuclear theory, Nuclear Physics, Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Scattering, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, nucleon, odderon, gluon, Function (mathematics), Gluon, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nucleon
Abstract

It is commonly believed that the Sivers function has uniquely to do with processes involving a transversely polarized nucleon. In this paper we show that it is not necessarily the case. We demonstrate that exclusive pion production in $un$polarized electron-proton scattering in the forward region is a direct probe of the gluon Sivers function due to its connection to the QCD Odderon., Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure

Published
2020
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10. The proton charge radius extracted from the Initial State Radiation experiment at MAMI

Author

Mihovilovič, M., Achenbach, P., Beranek, T., Beričič, J., Bernauer, J.C., Böhm, R., Bosnar, D., Cardinali, M., Correa, L., Debenjak, L., Denig, A., Distler, M.O., Esser, A., Ferretti Bondy, M.I., Fonvieille, H., Friedrich, J.M., Friščić, I., Griffioen, K., Hoek, M., Kegel, S., Kohl, Y., Merkel, H., Middleton, D.G., Müller, U., Pochodzalla, J., Schlimme, B.S., Schoth, M., Schulz, F., Sfienti, C., Širca, S., Štajner, S., Thiel, M., Tyukin, A., Vanderhaeghen, M., Weber, A.B., Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
form factor, electron p: scattering, Mainz Linac, finite size: effect, radiation: initial-state interaction, FOS: Physical sciences, cross section: measured, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), initial state, Nuclear Experiment, energy: correction, p: charge radius
Abstract

We report on a comprehensive reinterpretation of the existing cross-section data for elastic electron-proton scattering obtained by the initial-state radiation technique, resulting in a significantly improved accuracy of the extracted proton charge radius. By refining the external energy corrections we have achieved an outstanding description of the radiative tail, essential for a detailed investigation of the proton finite-size effects on the measured cross-sections. This development, together with a novel framework for determining the radius, based on a regression analysis of the cross-sections employing a polynomial model for the form factor, led us to a new value for the charge radius, which is $(0.870 \pm 0.014_\mathrm{stat.}\pm 0.024_\mathrm{sys.} \pm 0.003_\mathrm{mod.})\,\mathrm{fm}$.

Published
2019
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11. Critical analysis of recent results on electron and positron elastic scattering on proton

Author

Vladimir Bytev, Egle Tomasi-Gustafsson, Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) (DPHN), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay

Subjects
Physics, Elastic scattering, exchange: two-photon, Photon, positron p: scattering, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, QC1-999, elastic scattering, cross section: ratio, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, p: form factor: electromagnetic, electron p: scattering, Formalism (philosophy of mathematics), Positron, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Lepton
Abstract

International audience; Recent data on the cross section ratio for electron and positron elastic scattering on protons are discussed. A deviation from unity of this ratio constitutes a model independent signature of charge-odd contributions that arise from mechanisms beyond the one-photon approximation, as the exchange of two photons. The relevance of this issue is related to that fact that the information on the proton structure from lepton elastic (and inelastic) scattering holds only within a formalism based on the one photon exchange approximation. The present analysis shows that the deviations of the data from unity and from a previously developed theoretical approach lie within the theoretical and experimental errors. The data suggest that other reasons for explanation of the discrepancy between the electromagnetic proton form factors extracted from the experiments according to the polarized and the unpolarized methods are more likely.

Published
2018
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12. Dijet production in diffractive deep-inelastic scattering in next-to-next-to-leading order QCD

Author

R. Žlebčík, James Currie, Daniel Andreas Britzger, Alexander Huss, Thomas Gehrmann, J. Niehues, University of Zurich, and Britzger, D

Subjects
Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Nuclear Theory, diffraction, parton: distribution function, Parton, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), total cross section, Physics, Quantum chromodynamics, higher-order: 2, higher-order: 1, hep-ph, HERA, 2 [higher-order], production [dijet], High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, DESY HERA Stor, kinematics, distribution function [parton], 1 [higher-order], Particle Physics - Experiment, dijet: production, Particle physics, 530 Physics, Regular Article - Experimental Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, lcsh:Astrophysics, Scale (descriptive set theory), 10192 Physics Institute, Zeus (malware), electron p: scattering, Factorization, factorization, deep inelastic scattering, quantum chromodynamics, lcsh:QB460-466, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, ddc:530, 3101 Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Particle Physics - Phenomenology, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, ZEUS, scattering [electron p], Deep inelastic scattering, lcsh:QC770-798, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 2201 Engineering (miscellaneous)
Abstract

The European physical journal / C 78(7), 538 (2018). doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-5981-z, (Springer)Hard processes in diffractive deep-inelastic scattering can be described by a factorisation into parton-level subprocesses and diffractive parton distributions. In this framework, cross sections for inclusive dijet production in diffractive deep-inelastic electron–proton scattering (DIS) are computed to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) QCD accuracy and compared to a comprehensive selection of data. Predictions for the total cross sections, 40 single-differential and four double-differential distributions for six measurements at HERA by the H1 and ZEUS collaborations are calculated. In the studied kinematical range, the NNLO corrections are found to be sizeable and positive. The NNLO predictions typically exceed the data, while the kinematical shape of the data is described better at NNLO than at next-to-leading order (NLO). A significant reduction of the scale uncertainty is achieved in comparison to NLO predictions. Our results use the currently available NLO diffractive parton distributions, and the discrepancy in normalisation highlights the need for a consistent determination of these distributions at NNLO accuracy., Published by Springer, Berlin

Published
2018
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13. Technical Supplement to 'Polarization Transfer Observables in Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering at Q$^2$ = 2.5, 5.2, 6.8, and 8.5 GeV$^2$'

Author

Puckett, A.J.R., Brash, E.J., Jones, M.K., Luo, W., Meziane, M., Pentchev, L., Perdrisat, C.F., Punjabi, V., Wesselmann, F.R., Ahmidouch, A., Albayrak, I., Aniol, K.A., Arrington, J., Asaturyan, A., Baghdasaryan, H., Benmokhtar, F., Bertozzi, W., Bimbot, L., Bosted, P., Boeglin, W., Butuceanu, C., Carter, P., Chernenko, S., Christy, E., Commisso, M., Cornejo, J.C., Covrig, S., Danagoulian, S., Daniel, A., Davidenko, A., Day, D., Dhamija, S., Dutta, D., Ent, R., Frullani, S., Fenker, H., Frlez, E., Garibaldi, F., Gaskell, D., Gilad, S., Gilman, R., Goncharenko, Y., Hafidi, K., Hamilton, D., Higinbotham, D.W., Hinton, W., Horn, T., Hu, B., Huang, J., Huber, G.M., Jensen, E., Keppel, C., Khandaker, M., King, P., Kirillov, D., Kohl, M., Kravtsov, V., Kumbartzki, G., Li, Y., Mamyan, V., Margaziotis, D.J., Marsh, A., Matulenko, Y., Maxwell, J., Mbianda, G., Meekins, D., Melnik, Y., Miller, J., Mkrtchyan, A., Mkrtchyan, H., Moffit, B., Moreno, O., Mulholland, J., Narayan, A., Nedev, S., Nurruzzaman, N., Piasetzky, E., Pierce, W., Piskunov, N.M., Prok, Y., Ransome, R.D., Razin, D.S., Reimer, P., Reinhold, J., Rondon, O., Shabestari, M., Shahinyan, A., Shestermanov, K., Sirca, S., Sitnik, I., Smykov, L., Smith, G., Solovyev, L., Solvignon, P., Subedi, R., Tomasi-Gustafsson, E., Vasiliev, A., Veilleux, M., Wojtsekhowski, B.B., Wood, S., Ye, Z., Zanevsky, Y., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., Zheng, X., Zhu, L., Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) (DPHN), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, GEp-III, GEp-2Gamma, and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
carbon: target, Proton form factors, elastic scattering, FOS: Physical sciences, Proton polarimeter, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], spin, High Energy Physics - Experiment, electron p: scattering, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Electromagnetic calorimeter, Spin transport, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], angular distribution, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, hydrogen: target, polarization, track data analysis, p: trajectory, hodoscope, p: momentum, alignment, Magnetic spectrometer, showers, Polarization transfer method, optics, time projection chamber, aluminum: target, kinematics, dispersion, correction, Jefferson Lab, experimental results
Abstract

The GEp-III and GEp-2$\gamma$ experiments, carried out in Jefferson Lab's Hall C from 2007-2008, consisted of measurements of polarization transfer in elastic electron-proton scattering at momentum transfers of $Q^2 = 2.5, 5.2, 6.8,$ and $8.54$ GeV$^2$. These measurements were carried out to improve knowledge of the proton electromagnetic form factor ratio $R = \mu_p G_E^p/G_M^p$ at large values of $Q^2$ and to search for effects beyond the Born approximation in polarization transfer observables at $Q^2 = 2.5$ GeV$^2$. The final results of both experiments were reported in a recent archival publication. A full reanalysis of the data from both experiments was carried out in order to reduce the systematic and, for the GEp-2$\gamma$ experiment, statistical uncertainties. This technical note provides additional details of the final analysis omitted from the main publication, including the final evaluation of the systematic uncertainties., Comment: 33 pages, 33 figures. v3 = Final manuscript as accepted for publication in Nuclear Instruments and Methods Section A (in press)

Published
2018
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14. The proton radius puzzle

Author

Krauth, J. J., Schuhmann, K., Abdou Ahmed, M., Amaro, F. D., Amaro, P., Biraben, F., Cardoso, J. M. R., Carvalho, M. L., Covita, D. S., Dax, A., Dhawan, S., Diepold, M., Fernandes, L. M. P., Franke, B., Sandrine GALTIER, Giesen, A., Gouvea, A. L., Götzfried, J., Graf, T., Guerra, M., Haack, J., Hänsch, T. W., Hildebrandt, M., Indelicato, P., Julien, L., Kirch, K., Knecht, A., Knowles, P., Kottmann, F., O Le Bigot, E., W Liu, Y., Lopes, J. A. M., Ludhova, L., Machado, J., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mulhauser, F., Nebel, T., Nez, F., Rabinowitz, P., Rapisarda, E., Dos Santos, J. M. F., Santos, J. P., Schaller, L. A., Schwob, C., Szabo, C. I., Taqqu, D., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Voss, A., Weichelt, B., Willig, M., Pohl, R., Antognini, A., Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB [Collège de France]), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Collège de France (CdF)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel ( LKB (Lhomond) ), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris ( FRDPENS ), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], Physics - Atomic Physics, laser, electron p: scattering, hydrogen: muonic atom, p: size, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], Physics::Atomic Physics, spectrometer, deuterium: muonic atom, Nuclear Experiment, activity report
Abstract

High-precision measurements of the proton radius from laser spectroscopy of muonic hydrogen demonstrated up to six standard deviations smaller values than obtained from electron-proton scattering and hydrogen spectroscopy. The status of this discrepancy, which is known as the proton radius puzzle will be discussed in this paper, complemented with the new insights obtained from spectroscopy of muonic deuterium., Moriond 2017 conference, 8 pages, 4 figures

Published
2017

15. First measurement of proton's charge form factor at very low $Q^2$ with initial state radiation

Author

Michaela Thiel, M. O. Distler, J. Beričič, M. Mihovilovič, Concettina Sfienti, Jan C. Bernauer, L. Nungesser, S. Širca, Ivica Friščić, A. G. Denig, T. Beranek, D. G. Middleton, J. Pochodzalla, P. Achenbach, R. Böhm, F. Schulz, A. Tyukin, Damir Bosnar, K. A. Griffioen, M. I. Ferretti Bondy, Marc Vanderhaeghen, Y. Kohl, M. Cardinali, M. Rohrbeck, L. Debenjak, M. Schoth, L. Correa, M. Hoek, B. S. Schlimme, M. Weinriefer, U. Müller, S. Sánchez Majos, S. Kegel, S. Štajner, H. Fonvieille, A. Weber, Anselm Esser, J.M. Friedrich, Harald Merkel, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont ( LPC ), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
experimental methods, Proton, elastic scattering, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Lamb shift, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Initial state radiation, Form factor, Radiative corrections, Radiative transfer, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], [ PHYS.NEXP ] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, Microtron, Elastic scattering, Physics, Form factor (quantum field theory), beam: current, lcsh:QC1-999, 3. Good health, PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Fizika, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Bethe-Heitler, 25.30.Bf, Radiation, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Nuclear physics, electron p: scattering, Mainz Linac, [ PHYS.HEXP ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 12.20.-m, 0103 physical sciences, radiation: initial-state interaction, 010306 general physics, numerical calculations, form factor: charge, 41.60.-m, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, p: charge, NATURAL SCIENCES. Physics, microtron, spectrometer, lcsh:Physics, experimental results
Abstract

We report on a new experimental method based on initial-state radiation (ISR) in e-p scattering, in which the radiative tail of the elastic e-p peak contains information on the proton charge form factor ($G_E^p$) at extremely small $Q^2$. The ISR technique was validated in a dedicated experiment using the spectrometers of the A1-Collaboration at the Mainz Microtron (MAMI). This provided first measurements of $G_E^p$ for $0.001\leq Q^2\leq 0.004 (GeV/c)^2$., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures

Published
2017
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16. Elektron-Proton-Streuexperimente zur Bestimmung des Ladungsformfaktors $G_{EP}(q^{2})$ für Viererimpulsüberträge zwischen 0.2 und 4 (GeV/c)$^{2}$

Author

Schmidt, Wilhelm

Subjects
electron p: scattering, form factor: charge, p: form factor, charge [form factor], thesis, form factor [p], scattering [electron p]
Abstract

54 pp. (1984)., This report describes the layout and Operation of the cylindrical drift chamber in the center of the ARGUS detector. Quantitative results on the distribution of electrical field strength in the drift cells have been obtained by nurnerical calculations. The drift process of electrons in the employed propane-rnethylal gas mixture was simulated on the Computer. Two rnethods have been applied to obtain an optimal space Urne relation using e*e~ data. Several corrections for systematic effects have been added and their effect on the spatial resolution been investigated, The dependence of the experimental spatial resolution on the track distance frorn the sense wires is reported and compared with theory. The average resolution over the whole drift cell was found to be better than 190 ^m for Bhabha events and better than SSO jim for multi hadron events.

Published
1984
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17. Measurement of Exclusive $\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$ and $\rho^0$ Meson Photoproduction at HERA

Author

Andreev, V., Baghdasaryan, A., Baty, A., Begzsuren, K., Belousov, A., Bolz, A., Boudry, V., Brandt, G., Britzger, D., Buniatyan, A., Bystritskaya, L., Campbell, A. J., Cantun Avila, K. B., Cerny, K., Chekelian, V., Chen, Z., Contreras, J. G., Cvach, J., Dainton, J. B., Daum, K., Deshpande, A., Diaconu, C., Eckerlin, G., Egli, S., Elsen, E., Favart, L., Fedotov, A., Feltesse, J., Fleischer, M., Fomenko, A., Gal, C., Gayler, J., Goerlich, L., Gogitidze, N., Gouzevitch, M., Grab, C., Grebenyuk, A., Greenshaw, T., Grindhammer, G., Haidt, D., Henderson, R. C. W., Hladky, J., Hoffmann, D., Horisberger, R., Hreus, T., Huber, F., Jacquet, M., Janssen, X., Jung, A. W., Jung, H., Kapichine, M., Katzy, J., Kiesling, C., Klein, M., Kleinwort, C., Kogler, R., Kostka, P., Kretzschmar, J., Krücker, D., Krüger, K., Landon, M. P. J., Lange, W., Laycock, P., Lebedev, A., Levonian, S., Lipka, K., List, B., List, J., Li, W., Lobodzinski, B., Malinovski, E., Martyn, H.-U., Maxfield, S. J., Mehta, A., Meyer, A. B., Meyer, H., Meyer, J., Mikocki, S., Mondal, M. M., Morozov, A., Müller, K., Naumann, Th., Newman, P. R., Niebuhr, C., Nowak, G., Olsson, J. E., Ozerov, D., Park, S., Pascaud, C., Patel, G. D., Perez, E., Petrukhin, A., Picuric, I., Pitzl, D., Polifka, R., Radescu, V., Raicevic, N., Ravdandorj, T., Reimer, P., Rizvi, E., Robmann, P., Roosen, R., Rostovtsev, A., Rotaru, M., Sankey, D. P. C., Sauter, M., Sauvan, E., Schmitt, S., Schmookler, B. A., Schoeffel, L., Schöning, A., Sefkow, F., Shushkevich, S., Soloviev, Y., Sopicki, P., South, D., Spaskov, V., Specka, A., Steder, M., Stella, B., Straumann, U., Sykora, T., Thompson, P. D., Traynor, D., Truöl, P., Tseepeldorj, B., Tu, Z., Valkárová, A., Vallée, C., Van Mechelen, P., Wegener, D., Wünsch, E., Žáček, J., Zhang, J., Zhang, Z., Žlebčík, R., Zohrabyan, H., and Zomer, F.

Subjects
exclusive reaction, data analysis method, Regge poles, +pi%2B+pi-+p%22">photon p --> pi+ pi- p, cross section: measured, 3. Good health, rho(770): photoproduction, electron p: scattering, p: dissociation, DESY HERA Stor, phase space, H1, slope, pi+ pi, pi: pair production, Monte Carlo, experimental results, resonance: production
Abstract

Seminar, Germany; The European physical journal / C 80(12), 1189 (2020). doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-08587-3, Exclusive photoproduction of ${{\rho ^0}} (770)$ mesons is studied using the H1 detector at the ep collider HERA. A sample of about 900,000 events is used to measure single- and double-differential cross sections for the reaction $\gamma p \rightarrow \pi ^{+}\pi ^{-}Y$. Reactions where the proton stays intact (${{{m_Y}} {=}m_p}$) are statistically separated from those where the proton dissociates to a low-mass hadronic system ($m_p{, Published by Springer, Heidelberg

18. Measurement of exclusive $\pi^+ \pi ^-$ and $\rho^0$ meson photoproduction at HERA

Author

Andreev, V., Baghdasaryan, A., Baty, A., Begzsuren, K., Belousov, A., Bolz, A., Boudry, V., Brandt, G., Britzger, D., Buniatyan, A., Bystritskaya, L., Campbell, A. J., Cantun Avila, Karla Beatriz, Cerny, K., Chekelian, V., Chen, Z., Contreras, J. G., Cvach, J., Dainton, J. B., Daum, K., Deshpande, A., Diaconu, C., Eckerlin, G., Egli, S., Elsen, E., Favart, L., Fedotov, A., Feltesse, J., Fleischer, M., Fomenko, A., Gal, C., Gayler, J., Goerlich, L., Gogitidze, N., Gouzevitch, M., Grab, C., Grebenyuk, A., Greenshaw, T., Grindhammer, G., Haidt, D., Henderson, R. C. W., Hladky, J., Hoffmann, D., Horisberger, R., Hreus, T., Huber, F., Jacquet, M., Janssen, X., Jung, A. W., Jung, H., Kapichine, M., Katzy, J., Kiesling, C., Klein, M., Kleinwort, C., Kogler, R., Kostka, P., Kretzschmar, J., Krücker, D., Krüger, K., Landon, M. P. J., Lange, W., Laycock, P., Lebedev, A., Levonian, S., Lipka, K., List, B., List, J., Li, W., Lobodzinski, B., Malinovski, E., Martyn, Hans-Ulrich, Maxfield, S. J., Mehta, A., Meyer, A. B., Meyer, H., Meyer, J., Mikocki, S., Mondal, M. M., Morozov, A., Müller, K., Naumann, Th., Newman, P. R., Niebuhr, C., Nowak, G., Olsson, J. E., Ozerov, D., Park, S., Pascaud, C., Patel, G. D., Perez, E., Petrukhin, A., Picuric, I., Pitzl, D., Polifka, R., Radescu, V., Raicevic, N., Ravdandorj, T., Reimer, P., Rizvi, E., Robmann, P., Roosen, R., Rostovtsev, A., Rotaru, M., Sankey, D. P. C., Sauter, M., Sauvan, E., Schmitt, S., Schmookler, B. A., Schoeffel, L., Schöning, A., Sefkow, F., Shushkevich, S., Soloviev, Y., Sopicki, P., South, D., Spaskov, V., Specka, A., Steder, M., Stella, B., Straumann, U., Sykora, T., Thompson, P. D., Traynor, D., Truöl, P., Tseepeldorj, B., Tu, Z., Valkárová, A., Vallée, C., Van Mechelen, P., Wegener, D., Wünsch, E., Žáček, J., Zhang, J., Zhang, Z., Žlebčík, R., Zohrabyan, H., and Zomer, F.

Subjects
data analysis method, exclusive reaction, Regge poles, +pi%2B+pi-+p%22">photon p --> pi+ pi- p, cross section: measured, 3. Good health, electron p: scattering, p: dissociation, rho(770): photoproduction, DESY HERA Stor, phase space, H1, slope, pi+ pi, pi: pair production, Monte Carlo, experimental results, resonance: production
Abstract

The European physical journal / C 80(12), 1189 (2020). doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-08587-3, Published by Springer, Berlin ; Heidelberg

19. The Large Hadron-Electron Collider at the HL-LHC

Author

Agostini, P., Aksakal, H., Alan, H., Alekhin, S., Allport, P. P., Andari, N., Andre, K. D. J., Angal-Kalinin, D., Antusch, S., Aperio Bella, L., Apolinario, L., Apsimon, R., Apyan, A., Arduini, G., Ari, V., Armbruster, A., Armesto, N., Auchmann, B., Aulenbacher, K., Azuelos, G., Backovic, S., Bailey, I., Bailey, S., Balli, F., Behera, S., Behnke, O., Ben-Zvi, I., Benedikt, M., Bernauer, J., Bertolucci, S., Biswal, S. S., Blümlein, Johannes, Bogacz, A., Bonvini, M., Boonekamp, M., Bordry, F., Boroun, G. R., Bottura, L., Bousson, S., Bouzas, A. O., Bracco, C., Bracinik, J., Britzger, D., Brodsky, S. J., Bruni, C., Brüning, O., Burkhardt, H., Cakir, O., Calaga, R., Caldwell, A., Calıskan, A., Camarda, S., Catalan-Lasheras, N. C., Cassou, K., Cepila, J., Cetinkaya, V., Chetvertkova, V., Cole, B., Coleppa, B., Cooper-Sarkar, A., Cormier, E., Cornell, A. S., Corsini, R., Cruz-Alaniz, E., Currie, J., Curtin, D., D'Onofrio, M., Dainton, J., Daly, E., Das, A., Das, S. P., Dassa, L., De Blas, J., Delle Rose, L., Denizli, H., Deshpande, K. S., Douglas, D., Duarte, L., Dupraz, K., Dutta, S., Efremov, A. V., Eichhorn, R., Eskola, K. J., Ferreiro, E. G., Fischer, O., Flores-Sánchez, O., Forte, S., Gaddi, A., Gao, J., Gehrmann, T., Gehrmann-De Ridder, A., Gerigk, F., Gilbert, A., Giuli, F., Glazov, Alexander, Glover, N., Godbole, R. M., Goddard, B., Gonçalves, V., Gonzalez-Sprinberg, G. A., Goyal, A., Grames, J., Granados, E., Grassellino, A., Gunaydin, Y. O., Guo, Y. C., Guzey, V., Gwenlan, C., Hammad, A., Han, C. C., Harland-Lang, L., Haug, F., Hautmann, F., Hayden, D., Hessler, J., Helenius, I., Henry, J., Hernandez-Sanchez, J., Hesari, H., Hobbs, T. J., Hod, N., Hoffstaetter, G. H., Holzer, B., Honorato, C. G., Hounsell, B., Hu, N., Hug, F., Huss, A., Hutton, A., Islam, R., Iwamoto, S., Jana, S., Jansova, M., Jensen, E., Jones, T., Jowett, J. M., Kaabi, W., Kado, M., Kalinin, D. A., Karadeniz, H., Kawaguchi, S., Kaya, U., Khalek, R. A., Khanpour, H., Kilic, A., Klein, M., Klein, U., Kluth, S., Köksal, M., Kocak, F., Korostelev, M., Kostka, P., Krelina, M., Kretzschmar, J., Kuday, S., Kulipanov, G., Kumar, M., Kuze, M., Lappi, T., Larios, F., Latina, A., Laycock, P., Lei, G., Levitchev, E., Levonian, Serguei V., Levy, A., Li, R., Li, X., Liang, H., Litvinenko, V., Liu, M., Liu, T., Liu, W., Liu, Y., Liuti, S., Lobodzinska, Ewelina, Longuevergne, D., Luo, X., Ma, W., Machado, M., Mandal, S., Mäntysaari, H., Marhauser, F., Marquet, C., Martens, A., Martin, R., Marzani, S., McFayden, J., Mcintosh, P., Mellado, B., Meot, F., Milanese, A., Milhano, J. G., Militsyn, B., Mitra, M., Moch, S., Mohammadi Najafabadi, M., Mondal, S., Moretti, S., Morgan, T., Morreale, A., Nadolsky, P., Navarra, F., Nergiz, Z., Newman, P., Niehues, J., Nissen, E. A., Nowakowski, M., Okada, N., Olivier, G., Olness, F., Olry, G., Osborne, J. A., Ozansoy, A., Pan, R., Parker, B., Patra, M., Paukkunen, H., Peinaud, Y., Pellegrini, D., Perez-Segurana, G., Perini, D., Perrot, L., Pietralla, N., Pilicer, E., Pire, B., Pires, J., Placakyte, R., Poelker, M., Polifka, R., Polini, A., Poulose, P., Pownall, G., Pupkov, Y. A., Queiroz, F. S., Rabbertz, K., Radescu, V., Rahaman, R., Rai, S. K., Raicevic, N., Ratoff, P., Rashed, A., Raut, D., Raychaudhuri, S., Repond, J., Rezaeian, A. H., Rimmer, R., Rinolfi, L., Rojo, J., Rosado, A., Ruan, X., Russenschuck, S., Sahin, M., Salgado, C. A., Sampayo, O. A., Satendra, K., Satyanarayan, N., Schenke, B., Schirm, K., Schopper, H., Schott, M., Schulte, D., Schwanenberger, C., Sekine, T., Senol, A., Seryi, A., Setiniyaz, S., Shang, L., Shen, X., Shipman, N., Sinha, N., Slominski, W., Smith, S., Solans, C., Song, M., Spiesberger, H., Stanyard, J., Starostenko, A., Stasto, A., Stocchi, A., Strikman, M., Stuart, M. J., Sultansoy, S., Sun, H., Sutton, M., Szymanowski, L., Tapan, I., Tapia-Takaki, D., Tanaka, M., Tang, Y., Tasci, A. T., Ten-Kate, A. T., Thonet, P., Tomas-Garcia, R., Tommasini, D., Trbojevic, D., Trott, M., Tsurin, I., Tudora, A., Turk Cakir, I., Tywoniuk, K., Vallerand, C., Valloni, A., Verney, D., Vilella, E., Walker, D., Wallon, S., Wang, B., Wang, K., Wang, X., Wang, Z. S., Wei, H., Welsch, C., Willering, G., Williams, P. H., Wollmann, D., Xiaohao, C., Xu, T., Yaguna, C. E., Yamaguchi, Y., Yamazaki, Y., Yang, H., Yilmaz, A., Yock, P., Yue, C. X., Zadeh, S. G., Zenaiev, O., Zhang, C., Zhang, J., Zhang, R., Zhang, Z., Zhu, G., Zhu, S., Zimmermann, F., Zomer, F., Zurita, J., and Zurita, P.

Subjects
energy recovery, lepton nucleus: scattering, parton: distribution function, nucleus: structure function, ion: beam, 7. Clean energy, electron p: scattering, electron: linear accelerator, electron hadron: scattering, deep inelastic scattering, CERN LHC Coll: upgrade, quantum chromodynamics, FCC, structure, electron: beam, Nuclear Experiment, detector: design, lattice, electroweak interaction, new physics, superconductivity, resolution, sensitivity, calibration, buildings, magnet, electron p: colliding beams, electron nucleus: colliding beams, 13. Climate action, kinematics, final state: hadronic, LHeC, p: distribution function, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, vertex: primary, parton: density, numerical calculations: Monte Carlo, current: high, acceptance
Abstract

The Large Hadron electron Collider (LHeC) is designed to move the field of deep inelastic scattering (DIS) to the energy and intensity frontier of particle physics. Exploiting energy recovery technology, it collides a novel, intense electron beam with a proton or ion beam from the High Luminosity--Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). The accelerator and interaction region are designed for concurrent electron-proton and proton-proton operation. This report represents an update of the Conceptual Design Report (CDR) of the LHeC, published in 2012. It comprises new results on parton structure of the proton and heavier nuclei, QCD dynamics, electroweak and top-quark physics. It is shown how the LHeC will open a new chapter of nuclear particle physics in extending the accessible kinematic range in lepton-nucleus scattering by several orders of magnitude. Due to enhanced luminosity, large energy and the cleanliness of the hadronic final states, the LHeC has a strong Higgs physics programme and its own discovery potential for new physics. Building on the 2012 CDR, the report represents a detailed updated design of the energy recovery electron linac (ERL) including new lattice, magnet, superconducting radio frequency technology and further components. Challenges of energy recovery are described and the lower energy, high current, 3-turn ERL facility, PERLE at Orsay, is presented which uses the LHeC characteristics serving as a development facility for the design and operation of the LHeC. An updated detector design is presented corresponding to the acceptance, resolution and calibration goals which arise from the Higgs and parton density function physics programmes. The paper also presents novel results on the Future Circular Collider in electron-hadron mode, FCC-eh, which utilises the same ERL technology to further extend the reach of DIS to even higher centre-of-mass energies.

20. The Large Hadron-Electron Collider at the HL-LHC

Author

Agostini, P., Aksakal, H., Alekhin, S., Allport, P. P., Andari, N., Andre, K. D. J., Angal-Kalinin, D., Antusch, S., Aperio Bella, L., Apolinario, L., Apsimon, R., Apyan, A., Arduini, G., Ari, V., Armbruster, A., Armesto, N., Auchmann, B., Aulenbacher, K., Azuelos, G., Backovic, S., Bailey, I., Bailey, S., Balli, F., Behera, S., Behnke, Olaf, Ben-Zvi, I., Benedikt, M., Bernauer, J., Bertolucci, S., Biswal, S. S., Bl��mlein, J., Bogacz, A., Bonvini, M., Boonekamp, M., Bordry, F., Boroun, G. R., Bottura, L., Bousson, S., Bouzas, A. O., Bracco, C., Bracinik, J., Britzger, D., Brodsky, S. J., Bruni, C., Br��ning, O., Burkhardt, H., Cakir, O., Calaga, R., Caldwell, A., Cal��skan, A., Camarda, S., Catalan-Lasheras, N. C., Cassou, K., Cepila, J., Cetinkaya, V., Chetvertkova, V., Cole, B., Coleppa, B., Cooper-Sarkar, A., Cormier, E., Cornell, A. S., Corsini, R., Cruz-Alaniz, E., Currie, J., Curtin, D., D'Onofrio, M., Dainton, J., Daly, E., Das, A., Das, S. P., Dassa, L., de Blas, J., Delle Rose, L., Denizli, H., Deshpande, K. S., Douglas, D., Duarte, L., Dupraz, K., Dutta, S., Efremov, A. V., Eichhorn, R., Eskola, K. J., Ferreiro, E. G., Fischer, O., Flores-S��nchez, O., Forte, S., Gaddi, A., Gao, J., Gehrmann, T., Gehrmann-De Ridder, A., Gerigk, F., Gilbert, A., Giuli, F., Glazov, A., Glover, N., Godbole, R. M., Goddard, B., Gon��alves, V., Gonzalez-Sprinberg, G. A., Goyal, A., Grames, J., Granados, E., Grassellino, A., Gunaydin, Y. O., Guo, Y. C., Guzey, V., Gwenlan, C., Hammad, A., Han, C. C., Harland-Lang, L., Haug, F., Hautmann, Francesco, Hayden, D., Hessler, J., Helenius, I., Henry, J., Hernandez-Sanchez, J., Hesari, H., Hobbs, T. J., Hod, N., Hoffstaetter, G. H., Holzer, B., Honorato, C. G., Hounsell, B., Hu, N., Hug, F., Huss, A., Hutton, A., Islam, R., Iwamoto, S., Jana, S., Jansova, M., Jensen, E., Jones, T., Jowett, J. M., Kaabi, W., Kado, M., Kalinin, D. A., Karadeniz, H., Kawaguchi, S., Kaya, U., Khalek, R. A., Khanpour, H., Kilic, A., Klein, M., Klein, U., Kluth, S., K��ksal, M., Kocak, F., Korostelev, M., Kostka, P., Krelina, M., Kretzschmar, J., Kuday, S., Kulipanov, G., Kumar, M., Kuze, M., Lappi, T., Larios, F., Latina, A., Laycock, P., Lei, G., Levitchev, E., Levonian, S., Levy, Aharon, Li, R., Li, X., Liang, H., Litvinenko, V., Liu, M., Liu, T., Liu, W., Liu, Y., Liuti, S., Lobodzinska, E., Longuevergne, D., Luo, X., Ma, W., Machado, M., Mandal, S., M��ntysaari, H., Marhauser, F., Marquet, C., Martens, A., Martin, R., Marzani, S., McFayden, J., Mcintosh, P., Mellado, B., Meot, F., Milanese, A., Milhano, J. G., Militsyn, B., Mitra, M., Moch, S., Mohammadi Najafabadi, M., Mondal, S., Moretti, S., Morgan, T., Morreale, A., Nadolsky, P., Navarra, F., Nergiz, Z., Newman, P., Niehues, J., Nissen, E. A., Nowakowski, M., Okada, N., Olivier, G., Olness, F., Olry, G., Osborne, J. A., Ozansoy, A., Pan, R., Parker, B., Patra, M., Paukkunen, H., Peinaud, Y., Pellegrini, D., Perez-Segurana, G., Perini, D., Perrot, L., Pietralla, N., Pilicer, E., Pire, B., Pires, J., Placakyte, R., Poelker, M., Polifka, R., Polini, A., Poulose, P., Pownall, G., Pupkov, Y. A., Queiroz, F. S., Rabbertz, K., Radescu, V., Rahaman, R., Rai, S. K., Raicevic, N., Ratoff, P., Rashed, A., Raut, D., Raychaudhuri, S., Repond, J., Rezaeian, A. H., Rimmer, R., Rinolfi, L., Rojo, J., Rosado, A., Ruan, X., Russenschuck, S., Sahin, M., Salgado, C. A., Sampayo, O. A., Satendra, K., Satyanarayan, N., Schenke, B., Schirm, K., Schopper, H., Schott, M., Schulte, D., Schwanenberger, C., Sekine, T., Senol, A., Seryi, A., Setiniyaz, S., Shang, L., Shen, X., Shipman, N., Sinha, N., Slominski, W., Smith, S., Solans, C., Song, M., Spiesberger, H., Stanyard, J., Starostenko, A., Stasto, A., Stocchi, A., Strikman, M., Stuart, M. J., Sultansoy, S., Sun, H., Sutton, M., Szymanowski, L., Tapan, I., Tapia-Takaki, D., Tanaka, M., Tang, Y., Tasci, A. T., Ten-Kate, A. T., Thonet, P., Tomas-Garcia, R., Tommasini, D., Trbojevic, D., Trott, M., Tsurin, I., Tudora, A., Turk Cakir, I., Tywoniuk, K., Vallerand, C., Valloni, A., Verney, D., Vilella, E., Walker, D., Wallon, S., Wang, B., Wang, K., Wang, X., Wang, Z. S., Wei, H., Welsch, C., Willering, G., Williams, P. H., Wollmann, D., Xiaohao, C., Xu, T., Yaguna, C. E., Yamaguchi, Y., Yamazaki, Y., Yang, H., Yilmaz, A., Yock, P., Yue, C. X., Zadeh, S. G., Zenaiev, O., Zhang, C., Zhang, J., Zhang, R., Zhang, Z., Zhu, G., Zhu, S., Zimmermann, F., Zomer, F., Zurita, J., and Zurita, P.

Subjects
energy recovery, lepton nucleus: scattering, parton: distribution function, nucleus: structure function, ion: beam, 7. Clean energy, electron p: scattering, electron: linear accelerator, electron hadron: scattering, deep inelastic scattering, CERN LHC Coll: upgrade, quantum chromodynamics, FCC, structure, electron: beam, detector: design, lattice, electroweak interaction, new physics, superconductivity, resolution, sensitivity, calibration, buildings, magnet, electron p: colliding beams, electron nucleus: colliding beams, 13. Climate action, kinematics, final state: hadronic, LHeC, p: distribution function, vertex: primary, parton: density, numerical calculations: Monte Carlo, current: high, acceptance
Abstract

Journal of physics / G 48(11), 110501 (2021). doi:10.1088/1361-6471/abf3ba, The Large Hadron electron Collider (LHeC) is designed to move the field of deep inelastic scattering (DIS) to the energy and intensity frontier of particle physics. Exploiting energy recovery technology, it collides a novel, intense electron beam with a proton or ion beam from the High Luminosity--Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). The accelerator and interaction region are designed for concurrent electron-proton and proton-proton operation. This report represents an update of the Conceptual Design Report (CDR) of the LHeC, published in 2012. It comprises new results on parton structure of the proton and heavier nuclei, QCD dynamics, electroweak and top-quark physics. It is shown how the LHeC will open a new chapter of nuclear particle physics in extending the accessible kinematic range in lepton-nucleus scattering by several orders of magnitude. Due to enhanced luminosity, large energy and the cleanliness of the hadronic final states, the LHeC has a strong Higgs physics programme and its own discovery potential for new physics. Building on the 2012 CDR, the report represents a detailed updated design of the energy recovery electron linac (ERL) including new lattice, magnet, superconducting radio frequency technology and further components. Challenges of energy recovery are described and the lower energy, high current, 3-turn ERL facility, PERLE at Orsay, is presented which uses the LHeC characteristics serving as a development facility for the design and operation of the LHeC. An updated detector design is presented corresponding to the acceptance, resolution and calibration goals which arise from the Higgs and parton density function physics programmes. The paper also presents novel results on the Future Circular Collider in electron-hadron mode, FCC-eh, which utilises the same ERL technology to further extend the reach of DIS to even higher centre-of-mass energies., Published by IOP Publ., Bristol

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