242 results on '"electronics: readout"'
Search Results
2. Performance of a front-end prototype ASIC for the ATLAS High Granularity Timing Detector
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Agapopoulou, C., Beresford, L.A., Boumediene, D.E., Castillo García, L., Conforti, S., de la Taille, C., Corpe, L.D., de Sousa, M.J. Da Cunha Sargedas, Dinaucourt, P., Falou, A., Gautam, V., Gong, D., Grieco, C., Grinstein, S., Guindon, S., Howard, A., Kurdysh, O., Kuwertz, E., Li, C., Makovec, N., Markovic, B., Martin-Chassal, G., Mazzini, R., Milke, C., Morenas, M., Perrin, O., Raskina, V., Rizzi, C., Ruckman, L., Rummler, A., Sacerdoti, S., Saito, G., Seguin-Moreau, N., Serin, L., Yang, X., Ye, J., Zhou, W., Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Organisation de Micro-Électronique Générale Avancée (OMEGA), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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noise ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,hep-ex ,integrated circuit ,FOS: Physical sciences ,time-to-digital converter ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,ATLAS ,calibration ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,impedance ,electronics: readout ,[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex] ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,Detectors and Experimental Techniques ,physics.ins-det ,time resolution ,Particle Physics - Experiment ,performance - Abstract
This paper presents the design and characterisation of a front-end prototype ASIC for the ATLAS High Granularity Timing Detector, which is planned for the High-Luminosity phase of the LHC. This prototype, called ALTIROC1, consists of a 5$\times$5-pad matrix and contains the analog part of the single-channel readout (preamplifier, discriminator, two TDCs and SRAM). Two preamplifier architectures (transimpedance and voltage) were implemented and tested. The ASIC was characterised both alone and as a module when connected to a 5$\times$5-pad array of LGAD sensors. In calibration measurements, the ASIC operating alone was found to satisfy the technical requirements for the project, with similar performances for both preamplifier types. In particular, the jitter was found to be 15$\pm$1~ps (35$\pm$1~ps) for an injected charge of 10~fC (4~fC). A degradation in performance was observed when the ASIC was connected to the LGAD array. This is attributed to digital couplings at the entrance of the preamplifiers. When the ASIC is connected to the LGAD array, the lowest detectable charge increased from 1.5~fC to 3.4~fC. As a consequence, the jitter increased for an injected charge of 4~fC. Despite this increase, ALTIROC1 still satisfies the maximum jitter specification (below 65~ps) for the HGTD project. This coupling issue also affects the time over threshold measurements and the time-walk correction can only be performed with transimpedance preamplifiers. Beam test measurements with a pion beam at CERN were also undertaken to evaluate the performance of the module. The best time resolution obtained using only ALTIROC TDC data was 46.3$\pm$0.7~ps for a restricted time of arrival range where the coupling issue is minimized. The residual time-walk contribution is equal to 23~ps and is the dominant electronic noise contribution to the time resolution at 15~fC., 20 pages, 15 figures
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- 2023
3. Analysis of test beam data taken with a prototype of TPC with resistive Micromegas for the T2K Near Detector upgrade
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D. Attié, O. Ballester, M. Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, P. Billoir, A. Blanchet, A. Blondel, S. Bolognesi, R. Boullon, D. Calvet, M.P. Casado, M.G. Catanesi, M. Cicerchia, G. Cogo, P. Colas, G. Collazuol, C. Dalmazzone, T. Daret, A. Delbart, A. De Lorenzis, S. Dolan, K. Dygnarowicz, J. Dumarchez, S. Emery-Schrenk, A. Ershova, G. Eurin, M. Feltre, C. Forza, L. Giannessi, C. Giganti, F. Gramegna, M. Grassi, M. Guigue, P. Hamacher-Baumann, S. Hassani, D. Henaff, F. Iacob, C. Jesús-Valls, S. Joshi, R. Kurjata, M. Lamoureux, A. Langella, J.F. Laporte, L. Lavitola, M. Lehuraux, A. Longhin, T. Lux, L. Magaletti, T. Marchi, L. Mellet, M. Mezzetto, L. Munteanu, Q.V. Nguyen, Y. Orain, M. Pari, J.-M. Parraud, C. Pastore, A. Pepato, E. Pierre, C. Pio Garcia, B. Popov, J. Porthault, H. Przybiliski, F. Pupilli, T. Radermacher, E. Radicioni, F. Rossi, S. Roth, S. Russo, A. Rychter, L. Scomparin, D. Smyczek, J. Steinmann, S. Suvorov, J. Swierblewski, D. Terront, N. Thamm, F. Toussenel, V. Valentino, M. Varghese, G. Vasseur, U. Virginet, U. Yevarouskaya, M. Ziembicki, M. Zito, HEP, INSPIRE, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,irradiation ,energy loss ,FOS: Physical sciences ,KAMIOKANDE ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,near detector: upgrade ,time projection chamber ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,electronics: readout ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,Detectors and Experimental Techniques ,Resistive micromegas T2K Near Detector Time Projection Chambers ,physics.ins-det ,spatial resolution ,Instrumentation ,performance ,Micromegas ,detector: design - Abstract
In this paper we describe the performance of a prototype of the High Angle Time Projection Chambers (HA-TPCs) that are being produced for the Near Detector (ND280) upgrade of the T2K experiment. The two HA-TPCs of ND280 will be instrumented with eight Encapsulated Resistive Anode Micromegas (ERAM) on each endplate, for a total of 32 ERAMs. This innovative technique allows the detection of the charge emitted by ionization electrons over several pads, improving the determination of the track position. The TPC prototype has been equipped with the first ERAM module produced for T2K and with the HA-TPC readout electronics chain and it has been exposed to an electron beam at DESY in order to measure spatial and dE/dx resolution. In this paper we characterize the performances of the ERAM and, for the first time, we compare them with a newly developed simulation of the detector response. Spatial resolution better than 800 μm and dE/dx resolution better than 10% are observed for all the incident angles and for all the drift distances of interest. All the main features of the data are correctly reproduced by the simulation and these performances fully fulfill the requirements for the HA-TPCs of T2K. In this paper we describe the performance of a prototype of the High Angle Time Projection Chambers (HA-TPCs) that are being produced for the Near Detector (ND280) upgrade of the T2K experiment. The two HA-TPCs of ND280 will be instrumented with eight Encapsulated Resistive Anode Micromegas (ERAM) on each endplate, thus constituting in total 32 ERAMs. This innovative technique allows the detection of the charge emitted by ionization electrons over several pads, improving the determination of the track position. The TPC prototype has been equipped with the first ERAM module produced for T2K and with the HA-TPC readout electronics chain and it has been exposed to the DESY Test Beam in order to measure spatial and dE/dx resolution. In this paper we characterize the performances of the ERAM and, for the first time, we compare them with a newly developed simulation of the detector response. Spatial resolution better than 800 ${\mu \rm m}$ and dE/dx resolution better than 10% are observed for all the incident angles and for all the drift distances of interest. All the main features of the data are correctly reproduced by the simulation and these performances fully fulfill the requirements for the HA-TPCs of T2K.
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- 2023
- Full Text
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4. Eco-friendly Resistive Plate Chambers for detectors in future HEP applications
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Quaglia, Luca, Cardarelli, R., Liberti, B., Pastori, E., Proto, G., Pizzimento, L., Rocchi, A., Aielli, G., Camarri, P., Di Ciacco, A., Di Stante, L., Santonico, R., Boscherini, D., Bruni, A., Massa, L., Polini, A., Romano, M., Benussi, L., Bianco, S., Piccolo, D., Saviano, G., Abbrescia, M., Congedo, L., De Serio, M., Galati, G., Pugliese, G., Simone, S., Ramos, D., Salvini, P., Samalan, A., Tytgat, M., Zaganidis, N., Eysermans, J., Ferretti, A., Gagliardi, M., Terlizzi, L., Vercellin, E., Dupieux, P., Joly, B., Manen, S.P., Guida, R., Mandelli, B., Rigoletti, G., Barroso, M., Arena, M.C., Pastore, A., Aly, R., Verzeroli, M., Buontempo, S., HEP, INSPIRE, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, and RPC-EcoGas@GIF++
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Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,CERN Lab ,[PHYS.HEXP] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex] ,hep-ex ,FOS: Physical sciences ,resistive plate chamber ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,carbon: hydrogen ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,performance: time dependence ,[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex] ,carbon: fluorine ,electronics: readout ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,Detectors and Experimental Techniques ,gamma ray: irradiation ,physics.ins-det ,Particle Physics - Experiment ,activity report ,detector: design ,gas: admixture - Abstract
Resistive Plate Chamber detectors are largely used in current High Energy Physics experiments, typically operated in avalanche mode with large fractions of Tetrafluoroethane (C2H2F4), a gas recently banned by the European Union due to its high Global Warming Potential (GWP). An intense R&D activity is ongoing to improve RPC technology in view of future HEP applications. In the last few years the RPC EcoGas@GIF++ Collaboration has been putting in place a joint effort between the ALICE, ATLAS, CMS, LHCb/SHiP and EP-DT Communities to investigate the performance of present and future RPC generations with eco-friendly gas mixtures. Detectors with different layout and electronics have been operated with ecological gas mixtures, with and without irradiation at the CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF++). Results of these performance studies together with plans for an aging test campaign are discussed in this article., 5 pages
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- 2023
5. Performance of the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter prototype to charged pion beams of 20$-$300 GeV/c
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Acar, B., Adamov, G., Adloff, C., Afanasiev, S., Akchurin, N., Akgün, B., Alhusseini, M., Alison, J., de Almeida, J. P. Figueiredo de sa Sousa, de Almeida, P. G. Dias, Alpana, A., Alyari, M., Andreev, I., Aras, U., Aspell, P., Atakisi, I. O., Bach, O., Baden, A., Bakas, G., Bakshi, A., Banerjee, S., DeBarbaro, P., Bargassa, P., Barney, D., Beaudette, F., Beaujean, F., Becheva, E., Becker, A., Behera, P., Belloni, A., Bergauer, T., Berni, M. El, Besancon, M., Bhattacharya, S., Bhowmik, D., Bilki, B., Bilokin, S., Blazey, G. C., Blekman, F., Bloch, P., Bodek, A., Bonanomi, M., Bonis, J., Bonnemaison, A., Bonomally, S., Borg, J., Bouyjou, F., Bower, N., Braga, D., Brennan, L., Brianne, E., Brondolin, E., Bryant, P., Buhmann, E., Buhmann, P., Butler-Nalin, A., Bychkova, O., Callier, S., Calvet, D., Canderan, K., Cankocak, K., Cao, X., Cappati, A., Caraway, B., Caregari, S., Carty, C., Cauchois, A., Ceard, L., Cerci, D. S., Cerci, S., Cerminara, G., Chadeeva, M., Charitonidis, N., Chatterjee, R., Chen, J. A., Chen, Y. M., Cheng, H. J., Cheng, K. Y., Cheung, H., Chokheli, D., Cipriani, M., Čoko, D., Couderc, F., Cuba, E., Danilov, M., Dannheim, D., Daoud, W., Das, I., Dauncey, P., Davies, G., Davignon, O., Day, E., Debbins, P., Defranchis, M. M., Delagnes, E., Demiragli, Z., Demirbas, U., Derylo, G., Diaz, D., Diehl, L., Dinaucourt, P., Dincer, G. G., Dittmann, J., Dragicevic, M., Dugad, S., Dulucq, F., Dumanoglu, I., Dünser, M., Dutta, S., Dutta, V., Edberg, T. K., Elias, F., Emberger, L., Eno, S. C., Ershov, Yu., Extier, S., Fahim, F., Fallon, C., Fard, K. Sarbandi, Fedi, G., Ferragina, L., Forthomme, L., Frahm, E., Franzoni, G., Freeman, J., French, T., Gadow, K., Gandhi, P., Ganjour, S., Gao, X., Garcia, M. T. Ramos, Garcia-Bellido, A., Garutti, E., Gastaldi, F., Gastler, D., Gecse, Z., Germer, A., Gerwig, H., Gevin, O., Ghosh, S., Gilbert, A., Gilbert, W., Gill, K., Gingu, C., Gninenko, S., Golunov, A., Golutvin, I., Gonultas, B., Gorbounov, N., Göttlicher, P., Gouskos, L., Graf, C., Gray, A. B., Grieco, C., Gr\\\'önroos, S., Gu, Y., Guilloux, F., Guler, E. Gurpinar, Guler, Y., Gülmez, E., Guo, J., Gutti, H., Hakimi, A., Hammer, M., Hartbrich, O., Hassanshahi, H. M., Hatakeyama, K., Hazen, E., Heering, A., Hegde, V., Heintz, U., Heuchel, D., Hinton, N., Hirschauer, J., Hoff, J., Hou, W. S., Hou, X., Hua, H., Huck, S., Hussain, A., Incandela, J., Irles, A., Irshad, A., Isik, C., Jain, S., Jaroslavceva, J., Jheng, H. R., Joshi, U., Kaadze, K., Kachanov, V., Kalipoliti, L., Kaminskiy, A., Kanuganti, A. R., Kao, Y. W., Kapoor, A., Kara, O., Karneyeu, A., Kałuzińska, O., Kaya, M., Kaya, O., Kazhykharim, Y., Khan, F. A., Khukhunaishvili, A., Kieseler, J., Kilpatrick, M., Kim, S., Koetz, K., Kolberg, T., Komm, M., Köseyan, O. K., Kraus, V., Krawczyk, M., Kristiansen, K., Kristić, A., Krohn, M., Kronheim, B., Krüger, K., Kulis, S., Kumar, M., Kunori, S., Kuo, C. M., Kuryatkov, V., Kvasnicka, J., Kyre, S., Lai, Y., Lamichhane, K., Landsberg, G., Lange, C., Langford, J., Laurien, S., Lee, M. Y., Lee, S. W., Leiton, A. G. Stahl, Levin, A., Li, A., Li, J. H., Li, Y. Y., Liang, Z., Liao, H., Lin, Z., Lincoln, D., Linssen, L., Lipton, R., Liu, G., Liu, Y., Lobanov, A., Lohezic, V., Lomidze, D., Lu, R. S., Lu, S., Lupi, M., Lysova, I., Magnan, A. -M., Magniette, F., Mahjoub, A., Martens, S., Matysek, M., Meier, B., Malakhov, A., Mallios, S., Mandjavize, I., Mannelli, M., Mans, J., Marchioro, A., Martelli, A., Martinez, G., Masterson, P., Matthewman, M., Mayekar, S. N., David, A., Coco, S., Meng, B., Menkel, A ., Mestvirishvili, A., Milella, G., Mirza, I., Moccia, S., Mohanty, G. B., Monti, F., Moortgat, F. W., Morrissey, I., Motta, J., Murthy, S., Musić, J., Musienko, Y., Nabili, S., Nguyen, M., Nikitenko, A., Noonan, D., Noy, M., Nurdan, K., Nursanto, M. Wulansatiti, Ochando, C., Odell, N., Okawa, H., Onel, Y., Ortez, W., Ozegović, J., Ozkorucuklu, S., Paganis, E., Palmer, C. A., Pandey, S., Pantaleo, F., Papageorgakis, C., Papakrivopoulos, I., Paranjpe, M., Parshook, J., Pastika, N., Paulini, M., Peitzmann, T., Peltola, T., Peng, N., Perraguin, A. Buchot, Petiot, P., Pierre-Emile, T., Pinto, M. Vicente Barreto, Popova, E., Pöschl, R., Prosper, H., Prvan, M., Puljak, I., Qasim, S. R., Qu, H., Quast, T., Quinn, R., Quinnan, M., Rane, A., Rao, K. K., Rapacz, K., Raux, L., Redjeb, W., Reinecke, M., Revering, M., Richard, F., Roberts, A., Sanchez, A. M., Rohlf, J., Rolph, J., Romanteau, T., Rosado, M., Rose, A., Rovere, M., Roy, A., Rubinov, P., Rusack, R., Rusinov, V., Ryjov, V., Sahin, O. M., Salerno, R., Saradhy, R., Sarkar, T., Sarkisla, M. A., Sauvan, J. B., Schmidt, I., Schmitt, M., Schuwalow, S., Scott, E., Seez, C., Sefkow, F., Selivanova, D., Sharma, S., Shelake, M., Shenai, A., Shukla, R., Sicking, E., De, M., Silva, P., Simkina, P., Simon, F., Simsek, A. E., Sirois, Y., Smirnov, V., Sobering, T. J., Spencer, E., Srimanobhas, N., Steen, A., Strait, J., Strobbe, N., Su, X. F., Sudo, Y., Suarez, C. Mantilla, Sukhov, E., Sulak, L., Sun, L., Suryadevara, P., Syal, C., de La Taille, C., Tali, B., Tan, C. L., Tao, J., Tarabini, A., Tatli, T., Thaus, R., Taylor, R. D., Tekten, S., Thiebault, A., Thienpont, D., Tiley, C., Tiras, E., Titov, M., Tlisov, D., Tok, U. G., Kayis, A., Troska, J., Tsai, L. S., Tsamalaidze, Z., Tsipolitis, G., Tsirou, A., Undleeb, S., Urbanski, D., Uslan, E., Ustinov, V., Uzunian, A., Varela, J., Velasco, M., Vernazza, E., Viazlo, O., Vichoudis, P., Virdee, T., Voirin, E., Vojinovi\c, M., Vojinovic, M., Wade, A., Wang, C., Wang, C. C., Wang, D., Wang, F., Wang, X., Wang, Z., Wayne, M., Webb, S. N., Whitbeck, A., Wickwire, R., Wilson, J. S., Wu, H. Y., Wu, L., Xiao, M., Yang, J., Yeh, C. H, Yohay, R., Yu, D., Yu, S. S., Yuan, C., Miao, Y., Yumiceva, F., Yusuff, I., Zabi, A., Zacharopoulou, A., Zamiatin, N., Zarubin, A., Zehetner, P., Zerwas, D., Zhang, H., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhao, X., Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Organisation de Micro-Électronique Générale Avancée (OMEGA), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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irradiation [electron] ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,electromagnetic [calorimeter] ,FOS: Physical sciences ,pi: irradiation ,calorimeter: performance ,calorimeter: hadronic ,electron: irradiation ,irradiation [pi] ,performance [calorimeter] ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,Detectors and Experimental Techniques ,numerical calculations ,physics.ins-det ,irradiation [muon] ,CMS ,CALICE ,showers: spatial distribution ,resolution ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,calorimeter: electromagnetic ,muon: irradiation ,electronics: readout ,GEANT ,hadronic [calorimeter] ,readout [electronics] ,spatial distribution [showers] - Abstract
The upgrade of the CMS experiment for the high luminosity operation of the LHC comprises the replacement of the current endcap calorimeter by a high granularity sampling calorimeter (HGCAL). The electromagnetic section of the HGCAL is based on silicon sensors interspersed between lead and copper (or copper tungsten) absorbers. The hadronic section uses layers of stainless steel as an absorbing medium and silicon sensors as an active medium in the regions of high radiation exposure, and scintillator tiles directly readout by silicon photomultipliers in the remaining regions. As part of the development of the detector and its readout electronic components, a section of a silicon-based HGCAL prototype detector along with a section of the CALICE AHCAL prototype was exposed to muons, electrons and charged pions in beam test experiments at the H2 beamline at the CERN SPS in October 2018. The AHCAL uses the same technology as foreseen for the HGCAL but with much finer longitudinal segmentation. The performance of the calorimeters in terms of energy response and resolution, longitudinal and transverse shower profiles is studied using negatively charged pions, and is compared to GEANT4 predictions. This is the first report summarizing results of hadronic showers measured by the HGCAL prototype using beam test data., Comment: Accepted for publication by JINST
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- 2022
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6. Eco-friendly gas mixtures for future RPC detectors
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Proto, G., Abbrescia, M., Aielli, G., Alberghi, G., Aly, R., Arena, M.C., Barroso, M., Benussi, L., Bianchi, A., Bianco, S., Boscherini, D., Bruni, A., Camarri, P., Cardarelli, R., Congedo, L., Di Ciaccio, A., Di Stante, L., de Serio, M., Dupieux, P., Eysermans, J., Ferretti, A., Galati, G., Gagliardi, M., Guida, R., Joly, B., Liberti, B., Mandelli, B., Massa, L., Manen, S.P., Pastore, A., Pastori, E., Piccolo, D., Pizzimento, L., Polini, A., Pugliese, G., Quaglia, L., Ramos, D., Rigoletti, G., Rocchi, A., Romano, M., Samalan, A., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Saviano, G., Simone, S., Terlizzi, L., Tytgat, M., Vercellin, E., Verzeroli, M., Zaganidis, N., Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon
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carbon: oxygen ,CERN Lab ,performance: time dependence ,electronics: readout ,resistive plate chamber ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,gamma ray: irradiation ,activity report ,gas: admixture - Abstract
International audience; Since a few years a joint collaboration between ALICE, ATLAS, CMS, LHCb/SHiP and CERN EP-DT groups is in place with the goal to study the performance of RPCs operated with eco-friendly gas mixtures under different irradiation conditions at GIF++.The performance of several chambers with different layout and electronics has been studied during dedicated beam tests, with and without gamma irradiation at GIF++. The RPCs have been operated with different gas mixtures based on $\rm{CO_{2}}$ and HFO1234ze gases. Results of these tests together with the future plans for aging studies of the chambers will be presented.
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- 2022
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7. Design and Characterization of the CLICTD Pixelated Monolithic Sensor Chip
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J. Kröger, M. Munker, I. Kremastiotis, L. Linssen, Simon Spannagel, Rafael Ballabriga, X. Llopart, Ivan Peric, Dominik Dannheim, M. Campbell, K. Dort, Mark Richard James Williams, Andreas Nürnberg, T. Vanat, and N. Egidos
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noise ,Silicon ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Materials science ,Capacitance ,Monolithic CMOS sensors ,fabrication ,01 natural sciences ,Noise (electronics) ,Signal ,silicon pixel detectors ,CERN CLIC ,0103 physical sciences ,tracking detector ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,design [integrated circuit] ,Electrodes ,Electronic circuit ,Semiconductor device measurement ,Substrates ,Compact Linear Collider ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,business.industry ,Detector ,Detectors ,Epitaxial layers ,Chip ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,CMOS ,electronics: readout ,integrated circuit: design ,Optoelectronics ,ddc:620 ,readout [electronics] ,business ,performance ,Particle Physics - Experiment - Abstract
IEEE transactions on nuclear science 67(10), 2263 - 2272 (2020). doi:10.1109/TNS.2020.3019887, A novel monolithic pixelated sensor and readout chip, the compact linear collider tracker detector (CLICTD) chip, is presented. The CLICTD chip was designed targeting the requirements of the silicon tracker development for the experiment at the compact linear collider (CLIC) and has been fabricated in a modified 180 nm CMOS imaging process with charge collection on a high-resistivity p-type epitaxial layer. The chip features a matrix of $16\times 128$ elongated channels, each measuring $300\times 30\,\,\mu \text {m}^{2}$ . Each channel contains 8 equidistant collection electrodes and analog readout circuits to ensure prompt signal formation. A simultaneous 8-bit time-of-arrival (with 10 ns time bins) and 5-bit time-over-threshold measurement is performed on the combined digital output of the 8 subpixels in every channel. The chip has been fabricated in two process variants and characterized in laboratory measurements using electrical test pulses and radiation sources. Results show a minimum threshold between 135 and 180 e$^−$ and a noise of about 14 e$^−$ rms. The design aspects and characterization results of the CLICTD chip are presented., Published by IEEE, New York, NY
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- 2020
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8. MiniCACTUS: Sub-100 ps timing with depleted MAPS
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Yavuz Degerli, Fabrice Guilloux, Tomasz Hemperek, Jean-Pierre Meyer, Philippe Schwemling, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay
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Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,noise ,DMAPS ,pixel: size ,Timing sensor ,CMOS sensor ,semiconductor detector: pixel ,CERN LHC Coll ,electronics: readout ,electron: irradiation ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,Instrumentation ,time resolution ,performance ,semiconductor detector: design - Abstract
International audience; MiniCACTUS is a monolithic CMOS sensor demonstrator designed for time tagging individual Minimum Ionizing Particles with an accuracy better than 100ps. The sensor features an active array of 2 × 4 pixels surrounded by guard-rings used to bias the high-resistivity substrate, an analog and digital front-end per pixel, a slow control interface and internal programmable biases through DACs. The baseline pixel sizes are 1.0mm2 and 0.5mm2. The sensing element is a deep n-well/p-substrate diode without internal amplification. The analog front-ends and the discriminators for each pixel have been implemented outside the pixel, at the column level. After fabrication, the sensors have been thinned to 200µm and 100µm and then post-processed for backside biasing. As such, this sensor is a demonstrator chip for future large scale timing detectors, like upgrades of timing detectors at LHC, or future high energy physics detector projects. Measurements of noise, response to X and γ-rays are presented, as well as time resolution measurements using β decays from 90Sr. Some preliminary results from a test-beam campaign are also mentioned.
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- 2022
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9. The Tangerine project: Development of high-resolution 65 nm silicon MAPS
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Håkan Wennlöf, Ankur Chauhan, Manuel Del Rio Viera, Doris Eckstein, Finn Feindt, Ingrid-Maria Gregor, Karsten Hansen, Lennart Huth, Larissa Mendes, Budi Mulyanto, Daniil Rastorguev, Christian Reckleben, Sara Ruiz Daza, Paul Schütze, Adriana Simancas, Simon Spannagel, Marcel Stanitzki, Anastasiia Velyka, and Gianpiero Vignola
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pixel [semiconductor detector] ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,tracking detector: upgrade ,FOS: Physical sciences ,imaging ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,design [detector] ,upgrade [tracking detector] ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,semiconductor detector: pixel ,electronics: readout ,ddc:530 ,DESY Lab ,numerical calculations ,readout [electronics] ,Instrumentation ,Monte Carlo ,time resolution ,spatial resolution ,detector: design ,activity report - Abstract
The 16th Vienna Conference on Instrumentation, VCI2022, Vienna, Austria, 21 Feb 2022 - 25 Feb 2022; Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research / A 1039, 167025 (2022). doi:10.1016/j.nima.2022.167025, The Tangerine project aims to develop new state-of-the-art high-precision silicon detectors. Part of the project has the goal of developing a monolithic active pixel sensor using a novel 65 nm CMOS imaging process, with a small collection electrode. This is the first application of this process in particle physics, and it is of great interest as it allows for an increased logic density and reduced power consumption and material budget compared to other processes. The process is envisioned to be used in for example the next ALICE inner tracker upgrade, and in experiments at the electron-ion collider. The initial goal of the three-year Tangerine project is to develop and test a sensor in a 65 nm CMOS imaging process that can be used in test beam telescopes at DESY, providing excellent spatial resolution and high time resolution, and thus demonstrating the capabilities of the process. The project covers all aspects of sensor R&D, from electronics and sensor design using simulations, to prototype test chip characterisation in labs and at test beams. The sensor design simulations are performed by using a powerful combination of detailed electric field simulations using technology computer-aided design and high-statistics Monte Carlo simulations using the Allpix Squared framework. A first prototype test chip in the process has been designed and produced, and successfully operated and tested both in labs and at test beams., Published by North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam
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- 2022
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10. Design, Construction and Commissioning of a Technological Prototype of a Highly Granular SiPM-on-tile Scintillator-Steel Hadronic Calorimeter
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CALICE Collaboration
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calorimeter: design ,CALICE ,hadron: showers ,fabrication ,stability ,calibration ,calorimeter: electromagnetic ,iron ,calorimeter: hadronic ,electronics: readout ,photomultiplier: silicon ,electron: showers ,performance ,scintillation counter - Abstract
The CALICE collaboration is developing highly granular electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters for detectors at future energy frontier electron-positron colliders. After successful tests of a physics prototype, a technological prototype of the Analog Hadron Calorimeter has been built, based on a design and construction techniques scalable to a collider detector. The prototype consists of a steel absorber structure and active layers of small scintillator tiles that are individually read out by directly coupled SiPMs. Each layer has an active area of $72 \times 72\,{\rm cm}^{2}$ and a tile size of $3 \times 3\,{\rm cm}^{2}$. With $38$ active layers, the prototype has nearly $22,000$ readout channels, and its total thickness amounts to $4.4$ nuclear interaction lengths. The dedicated readout electronics provide time stamping of each hit with an expected resolution of about $1\,{\rm ns}$. The prototype was constructed in 2017 and commissioned in beam tests at DESY. It recorded muons, hadron showers and electron showers at different energies in test beams at CERN in 2018. In this paper, the design of the prototype, its construction and commissioning are described. The methods used to calibrate the detector are detailed, and the performance achieved in terms of uniformity and stability is presented.
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- 2022
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11. Beam test performance of a prototype module with Short Strip ASICs for the CMS HL-LHC tracker upgrade
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Adam, W., Bergauer, T., Lelek, A., Chanon, N., Contardo, D., Dené, P., Dupasquier, T., Galbit, G., Lumb, N., Mirabito, L., Nodari, B., Vander Donckt, M., Viret, S., Van Mechelen, P., Botta, V., Feld, L., Karpinski, W., Klein, K., Lipinski, M., Louis, D., Meuser, D., Pauls, A., Pierschel, G., Rauch, M., Van Putte, S., Röwert, N., Schulz, J., Teroerde, M., Wlochal, M., Dziwok, C., Fluegge, G., Pooth, O., Stahl, A., Ziemons, T., Bhattacharya, Soham, Van Remortel, N., Blekman, Freya, Campbell, A., Cheng, Chun, Consuegra Rodriguez, S., Eckerlin, G., Eckstein, Doris, Gallo, E., Guthoff, Moritz, Kleinwort, C., Mankel, R., Delcourt, M., Maser, Holger, Muhl, C., Mussgiller, Andreas, Nuernberg, Andreas, Otarid, Younes, Reichelt, Oskar, Savitskyi, Mykola, Schütze, Paul, Stever, R., Tonon†, N., De Moor, A., Velyka, Anastasiia, Ventura Barroso, Ana, Walsh Bastos Rangel, Roberval, Wang, Qun, Zuber, Adam, Antonello, M., Biskop, H., Buhmann, P., Connor, P., Feindt, F., D'Hondt, J., Froehlich, A., Garutti, E., Hajheidari, M., Haller, J., Hinzmann, A., Jabusch, H., Kasieczka, G., Klanner, R., Kutzner, V., Lange, J., Lowette, S., Lange, T., Martens, S., Mrowietz, M., Nissan, Y., Pena, K., Schleper, P., Schwandt, J., Steinbrück, G., Tews, A., Wellhausen, J., Morton, A., Zoi, I., Abbas, M., Ardila, L., Balzer, M., Barvich, T., Berger, B., Butz, E., Caselle, M., De Boer†, W., Dierlamm, A., Muller, D., Droll, A., Elicabuk, U., Hartmann, F., Husemann, U., Kösker, G., Koppenhöfer, R., Maier, S., Mallows, S., Mehner, T., Müller-Gosewisch, J. O., Damanakis, K., Sahasransu, A. R., Muller, Th., Neufeld, M., Sander, O., Shvetsov, I., Simonis, H. J., Steck, P., Stockmeier, L., Wassmer, M., Wittig, F., Anagnostou, G., Sørensen Bols, E., Assiouras, P., Daskalakis, G., Kazas, I., Kyriakis, A., Loukas, D., Balázs, T., Bartók, M., Márton, K., Siklér, F., Veszprémi, V., Vannerom, D., Bahinipati, S., Das, A. K., Mal, P., Mishra, T., Nayak, A., Pattanaik, D. K., Saha, P., Swain, S. K., Bhardwaj, A., Jain, C., Allard, Y., Jain, G., Kumar, A., Ranjan, K., Saumya, S., Baradia, S., Bhattacharya, R., Dutta, S., Palit, P., Saha, G., Sarkar, S., Clerbaux, B., Alibordi, M., Behera, P. K., Chatterjee, S., Dash, G., Jana, P., Kalbhor, P., Libby, J., Mohammad, M., Pradhan, R., Pujahari, P. R., Dansana, S., Saha, N. R., Samadhan, K., Sharma, A., Sikdar, A. K., Verma, S., Cariola, P., Creanza, D., de Palma, M., De Robertis, G., Di Florio, A., De Lentdecker, G., Fiore, L., Loddo, F., Margjeka, I., Mongelli, M., My, S., Silvestris, L., Albergo, S., Costa, S., Di Mattia, A., Potenza, R., Deng, W., Saizu, M. A., Tricomi, A., Tuve, C., Barbagli, G., Bardelli, G., Brianzi, M., Camaiani, B., Cassese, A., Ceccarelli, R., Ciaranfi, R., Favart, L., Ciulli, V., Civinini, C., D'Alessandro, R., Fiori, F., Focardi, E., Latino, G., Lenzi, P., Lizzo, M., Meschini, M., Paoletti, S., Hohov, D., Papanastassiou, A., Seidita, R., Sguazzoni, G., Viliani, L., Chatagnon, P., Ferro, F., Robutti, E., Brivio, F., Dinardo, M. E., Dini, P., Dragicevic, M., Khalilzadeh, A., Gennai, S., Guzzi, L., Malvezzi, S., Menasce, D., Moroni, L., Pedrini, D., Zuolo, D., Azzi, P., Bacchetta, N., Bortignon, P., Lee, K., Bisello, D., Dorigo, T., Tosi, M., Yarar, H., Gaioni, L., Manghisoni, M., Ratti, L., Re, V., Riceputi, E., Traversi, G., Mahdavikhorrami, M., Asenov, P., Baldinelli, G., Bianchi, F., Bilei, G. M., Bizzaglia, S., Caprai, M., Checcucci, B., Ciangottini, D., Di Chiaro, A., Fanò, L., Makarenko, I., Farnesini, L., Ionica, M., Magherini, M., Mantovani, G., Mariani, V., Menichelli, M., Morozzi, A., Moscatelli, F., Passeri, D., Piccinelli, A., Paredes, S., Placidi, P., Rossi, A., Santocchia, A., Spiga, D., Storchi, L., Tedeschi, T., Turrioni, C., Azzurri, P., Bagliesi, G., Basti, A., Postiau, N., Beccherle, R., Bianchini, L., Boccali, T., Bosi, F., Castaldi, R., Ciocci, M. A., D'Amante, V., Dell'Orso, R., Donato, S., Giassi, A., Robert, F., Ligabue, F., Magazzu, G., Manca, E., Massa, M., Mazzoni, E., Messineo, A., Moggi, A., Musich, M., Palla, F., Parolia, S., Thomas, L., Prosperi, P., Raffaelli, F., Ramirez Sanchez, G., Rizzi, A., Roy Chowdhury, S., Spagnolo, P., Tenchini, R., Tonelli, G., Venturi, A., Verdini, P. G., Vanden Bemden, M., Zagaria, S., Bartosik, N., Bellan, R., Coli, S., Costa, M., Covarelli, R., Dellacasa, G., Demaria, N., Garbolino, S., Garrafa Botta, S., Vanlaer, P., Grippo, M., Luongo, F., Mecca, A., Migliore, E., Monteil, E., Ortona, G., Pacher, L., Rotondo, F., Vagnerini, A., Ahmad, A., Frühwirth, R., Wang, H., Ahmad, M., Asghar, M. I., Awais, A., Awan, M. I. M., Saleh, M., Calderón, A., Duarte Campderros, J., Fernandez, M., Gomez, G., Gonzalez Sanchez, F. J., Yang, Y., Jaramillo Echeverria, R., Lasaosa, C., Moya, D., Piedra, J., Ruiz Jimeno, A., Scodellaro, L., Vila, I., Virto, A. L., Vizan Garcia, J. M., Abbaneo, D., Benecke, A., Ahmed, I., Albert, E., Almeida, J., Barinoff, M., Batista Lopes, J., Bergamin, G., Blanchot, G., Boyer, F., Caratelli, A., Carnesecchi, R., Bethani, A., Ceresa, D., Christiansen, J., Cichy, K., Daguin, J., Detraz, S., Dudek, M., Emriskova, N., Faccio, F., Frank, N., French, T., Bruno, G., Hollos, A., Kaplon, J., Kloukinas, K., Koss, N., Kottelat, L., Koukola, D., Kovacs, M., Lalic, J., La Rosa, A., Lenoir, P., Bury, F., Loos, R., Marchioro, A., Mastronikolis, Andreas, Mateos Dominguez, I., Mersi, S., Michelis, S., Nookala, A., Onnela, A., Orfanelli, S., Pakulski, T., Caputo, C., Papadopoulos, A., Perez, A., Perez Gomez, F., Pernot, J. F., Petagna, P., Piazza, Q., Pissaki, Z., Rose, P., Scarfì, S., Sinani, M., David, P., Tavares Rego, R., Tropea, P., Troska, J., Tsirou, A., Vasey, F., Vichoudis, P., Zografos, A., Bertl†, W., Caminada, L., Ebrahimi, A., Deblaere, A., Erdmann, W., Horisberger, R., Kaestli, H. C., Kotlinski, D., Lange, C., Langenegger, U., Meier, B., Missiroli, M., Noehte, L., Rohe, T., Delaere, C., Streuli, S., Androsov, K., Backhaus, M., Becker, R., Berger, P., Calandri, A., de Cosa, A., di Calafiori, D., Djambazov, L., Donega, M., Steininger, H., Donertas, I. S., Dorfer, C., Eble, F., Glessgen, F., Grab, C., Hits, D., Lustermann, W., Meinhard, M., Niedziela, J., Perovic, V., Reichmann, M., Giammanco, A., Ristic, B., Roeser, U., Ruini, D., Sörensen, J., Wallny, R., Bärtschi, P., Bösiger, K., Brzhechko, D., Canelli, F., Cormier, K., Jain, S., Del Burgo, R., De Wit, A., Huwiler, M., Jin, W., Jofrehei, A., Kilminster, B., Leontsinis, S., Liechti, S. P., Macchiolo, A., Maier, R., Lemaitre, V., Mikuni, V., Molinatti, U., Neutelings, I., Reimers, A., Robmann, P., Sanchez Cruz, S., Takahashi, Y., Wolf, D., Chen, P. H., Hou, W. S., Mondal, K., Lu, R. S., Clement, E., Cussans, D., Goldstein, J., Seif El Nasr-Storey, S., Stylianou, N., Coughlan, J. A., Harder, K., Holmberg, M. L., Manolopoulos, K., Prisciandaro, J., Schuh, T., Tomalin, I. R., Bainbridge, R., Borg, J., Brown, C., Fedi, G., Hall, G., Monk, D., Parker, D., Pesaresi, M., Szilasi, N., Uchida, K., Coldham, K., Cole, J., Ghorbani, M., Khan, A., Kyberd, P., Reid, I. D., Bartek, R., Dominguez, A., Uniyal, R., Taliercio, A., Vargas Hernandez, A. M., Benelli, G., Burkle, B., Coubez, X., Heintz, U., Hinton, N., Hogan, J., Honma, A., Kent, A., Korotkov, A., Teklishyn, M., Li, D., Lukasik, M., Narain, M., Pervan, N., Sagir, S., Simpson, F., Spencer, E., Usai, E., Wong, W. Y., Zhang, W., Vischia, P., Cannaert, E., Chertok, M., Conway, J., Haza, G., Hemer, D., Jensen, F., Thomson, J., Wei, W., Welton, T., Yohay, R., Beaumont, W., Wertz, S., Zhang, F., Hanson, G., Si, W., Chang, P., Cooperstein, S. B., Gerosa, R., Giannini, L., Krutelyov, S., Sathia, B. N., Sharma, V., Brigljević, V., Tadel, M., Yagil, A., Dutta, V., Incandela, J., Kilpatrick, M., Kyre, S., Masterson, P., Quinnan, M., Cumalat, J. P., Ford, W. T., Chitroda, B., Hassani, A., Karathanasis, G., MacDonald, E., Perloff, A., Savard, C., Schonbeck, N., Stenson, K., Ulmer, K. A., Wagner, S. R., Zipper, N., Ferenček, D., Alexander, J., Bright-Thonney, S., Chen, X., Cranshaw, D., Fan, J., Fan, X., Filenius, A., Hogan, S., Kotamnives, P., Majumder, D., Lantz, S., Monroy, J., Postema, H., Reichert, J., Reid, M., Riley, D., Ryd, A., Smolenski, K., Strohman, C., Thom, J., Mishra, S., Wittich, P., Zou, R., Bakshi, A., Berry, D. R., Burkett, K., Butler, D., Canepa, A., Derylo, G., Dickinson, J., Di Petrillo, K. F., Roguljić, M., Ghosh, A., Gingu, C., Gonzalez, H., Grünendahl, S., Horyn, L., Johnson, M., Klabbers, P., Lei, C. M., Lipton, R., Los, S., Starodumov, A., Merkel, P., Nahn, S., Ravera, F., Ristori, L., Rivera, R., Spiegel, L., Uplegger, L., Voirin, E., Weber, H. A., Becerril Gonzalez, H., Šuša, T., Dittmer, S., Evdokimov, A., Evdokimov, O., Gerber, C. E., Hofman, D. J., Mills, C., Roy, T., Rudrabhatla, S., Yoo, J., Alhusseini, M., Eerola, P., Durgut, S., Nachtman, J., Onel, Y., Rude, C., Snyder, C., Yi, K., Amram, O., Eminizer, N., Gritsan, A., Kyriacou, S., Di Croce, D., Brücken, E., Maksimovic, P., Mantilla Suarez, C., Roskes, J., Swartz, M., Vami, T., Anguiano, J., Bean, A., Salvatico, R., Smith, C., Wilson, G., Lampén, T., Ivanov, A., Modak, A., Taylor, R., Bloom, K., Claes, D. R., Fangmeier, C., Golf, F., Joo, C., Kravchenko, I., Siado, J., Martikainen, L., Iashvili, I., Kharchilava, A., McLean, C., Nguyen, D., Pekkanen, J., Rappoccio, S., Albert, A., Demiragli, Z., Gastler, D., Hazen, E., Tuominen, E., Peck, A., Rohlf, J., Li, J., Parker, A., Skinnari, L., Hahn, K., Liu, Y., Sung, K., Basnet, A., Hill, C. S., Karadzhinova-Ferrer, A., Wei, K., Winer, B., Yates, B., Malik, S., Norberg, S., Ramirez Vargas, J. E., Chawla, R., Das, S., Jones, M., Jung, A., Luukka, P., Koshy, A., Liu, M., Negro, G., Thieman, J., Cheng, T., Dolen, J., Parashar, N., Ecklund, K. M., Freed, S., Petrow, H., Nussbaum, T., Demina, R., Dulemba, J., Hindrichs, O., Korjenevski, S., Gershtein, Y., Halkiadakis, E., Hart, A., Kurup, C., Lath, A., Tuuva†, T., Nash, K., Osherson, M., Schnetzer, S., Stone, R., Xia, C., Fiorendi, S., Holmes, T., Lee, L., Spanier, S., Eusebi, R., Agram, J. L., D'Angelo, P., Johns, W., CMS, Tracker Group of the, Andrea, J., Janssen, X., Apparu, D., Bloch, D., Bonnin, C., Brom, J. M., Chabert, E., Charles, L., Collard, C., Dangelser, E., Goerlach, U., Grimault, C., Kello, T., Gross, L., Haas, C., Krauth, M., Nibigira, E., Ollivier-Henry, N., Silva Jiménez, E., Asilar, E., Baulieu, G., Boudoul, G., Caponetto, L., Elementary Particle Physics, Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, European Commission, Sağır, Sinan, CMS Collaboration, Department of Physics, and Helsinki Institute of Physics
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solid-state counter ,Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics ,Particle tracking detectors ,Particle tracking detectors (Solid-state detectors) ,large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics ,CBC3 ,irradiation [p] ,GeV ,114 Physical sciences ,Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica ,upgrade [tracking detector] ,semiconductor detector: pixel ,particle tracking detectors (solid-state detectors) ,particle tracking detectors ,ddc:610 ,CERN LHC Coll, upgrade ,Detectors and Experimental Techniques ,design [integrated circuit] ,cluster ,Instrumentation ,Engineering & allied operations ,Mathematical Physics ,p: irradiation ,pixel [semiconductor detector] ,CMS, upgrade ,High energy physics ,Experimental particle physics ,LHC ,CMS ,p p: scattering ,p p: colliding beams ,B: decay ,tau: hadronic decay ,interaction: gauge ,interaction: model ,transverse momentum: missing-energy ,new physics: search for ,mass spectrum: transverse ,black hole: quantum ,vector boson: mass ,W': leptonic decay ,sensitivity ,leptoquark: coupling ,CERN LHC Coll ,leptoquark: mass: lower limit ,anomaly ,channel cross section: upper limit ,effective field theory ,Physics ,tracking detector: upgrade ,integrated circuit ,microstrip [semiconductor detector] ,trigger ,tracking detector, upgrade ,electronics: readout ,integrated circuit: design ,semiconductor detector: microstrip ,p, beam ,readout ,ddc:620 ,readout [electronics] ,performance - Abstract
The Tracker Group of the CMS collaboration: et al., The Short Strip ASIC (SSA) is one of the four front-end chips designed for the upgrade of the CMS Outer Tracker for the High Luminosity LHC. Together with the Macro-Pixel ASIC (MPA) it will instrument modules containing a strip and a macro-pixel sensor stacked on top of each other. The SSA provides both full readout of the strip hit information when triggered, and, together with the MPA, correlated clusters called stubs from the two sensors for use by the CMS Level-1 (L1) trigger system. Results from the first prototype module consisting of a sensor and two SSA chips are presented. The prototype module has been characterized at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility using a 120 GeV proton beam., The tracker groups gratefully acknowledge financial support from the following funding agencies: BMWFW and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CERN; MSE and CSF (Croatia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); NKFIA K124850, and Bolyai Fellowship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); INFN (Italy); PAEC (Pakistan); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI and FEDER (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (U.S.A.). This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 884104 (PSI-FELLOW-III-3i). Individuals have received support from HFRI (Greece).
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- 2022
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- View/download PDF
12. The Phase-I trigger readout electronics upgrade of the ATLAS Liquid Argon calorimeters
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G. Aad, A.V. Akimov, K. Al Khoury, M. Aleksa, T. Andeen, C. Anelli, N. Aranzabal, C. Armijo, A. Bagulia, J. Ban, T. Barillari, F. Bellachia, M. Benoit, F. Bernon, A. Berthold, H. Bervas, D. Besin, A. Betti, Y. Bianga, M. Biaut, D. Boline, J. Boudreau, T. Bouedo, N. Braam, M. Cano Bret, G. Brooijmans, H. Cai, C. Camincher, A. Camplani, S. Cap, A. Carbone, J.W.S. Carter, S.V. Chekulaev, H. Chen, K. Chen, N. Chevillot, M. Citterio, B. Cleland, M. Constable, S. de Jong, A.M. Deiana, M. Delmastro, B. Deng, H. Deschamps, C. Diaconu, A. Dik, B. Dinkespiler, N. Dumont Dayot, A. Emerman, Y. Enari, P.J. Falke, J. Farrell, W. Fielitz, E. Fortin, J. Fragnaud, S. Franchino, L. Gantel, K. Gigliotti, D. Gong, A. Grabas, P. Grohs, N. Guettouche, T. Guillemin, D. Guo, J. Guo, L. Hasley, C. Hayes, R. Hentges, L. Hervas, M. Hils, J. Hobbs, A. Hoffman, D. Hoffmann, P. Horn, T. Hryn'ova, L. Iconomidou-Fayard, R. Iguchi, T. James, J. Ye, K. Johns, T. Junkermann, C. Kahra, E.F. Kay, R. Keeler, S. Ketabchi Haghighat, P. Kinget, E. Knoops, A. Kolbasin, P. Krieger, J. Kuppambatti, L.L. Kurchaninov, E. Ladygin, S. Lafrasse, M.P.J. Landon, F. Lanni, S. Latorre, D. Laugier, M. Lazzaroni, X. Le, P. Le Bourlout, C.A. Lee, M. Lefebvre, M.A.L. Leite, C. Leroy, X. Li, Z. Li, F. Liang, H. Liu, C. Liu, T. Liu, H. Ma, L.L. Ma, D.J. Mahon, U. Mallik, B. Mansoulie, A.L. Maslennikov, N. Matsuzawa, R.A. McPherson, S. Menke, A. Milic, Y. Minami, E. Molina, E. Monnier, N. Morange, L. Morvaj, J. Mueller, C. Mwewa, R. Narayan, N. Nikiforou, I. Ochoa, R. Oishi, D. Oliveira Damazio, R.E. Owen, C. Pancake, D.K. Panchal, G. Perrot, M.-A. Pleier, P. Poffenberger, R. Porter, S. Quan, J. Rabel, A. Roy, J.P. Rutherfoord, F. Sabatini, F. Salomon, E. Sauvan, A.C. Schaffer, R.D. Schamberger, Ph. Schwemling, C. Secord, L. Selem, K. Sexton, E. Shafto, M.V. Silva Oliveira, S. Simion, S. Singh, W. Sippach, A.A. Snesarev, S. Snyder, M. Spalla, S. Stärz, A. Straessner, P. Strizenec, R. Stroynowski, V.V. Sulin, J. Tanaka, S. Tang, S. Tapprogge, G.F. Tartarelli, G. Tateno, K. Terashi, S. Tisserant, D. Tompkins, G. Unal, M. Unal, K. Uno, A. Vallier, S. Vieira de Souza, R. Walker, Q. Wang, C. Wang, R. Wang, M. Wessels, I. Wingerter-Seez, K. Wolniewicz, W. Wu, Z. Xiandong, R. Xu, H. Xu, S. Yamamoto, Y. Yang, H. Zaghia, J. Zang, T. Zhang, H.L. Zhu, V. Zhulanov, E. Zonca, G. Zuk, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Calorimeters ,Electronic detector readout concepts (gas ,liquid) ,Front-end electronics for detector readout ,Radiation-hard electronics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,showers: hadronic ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,topological ,LAr ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,Settore ING-INF/07 - Misure Elettriche e Elettroniche ,[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex] ,showers: electromagnetic ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,Detectors and Experimental Techniques ,Instrumentation ,physics.ins-det ,Calorimeter ,ATLAS ,Mathematical Physics ,background ,hep-ex ,Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale ,showers: spatial distribution ,ATLAS: upgrade ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,trigger ,electronics: upgrade ,CERN LHC Coll ,electronics: readout ,Physics::Accelerator Physics ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,calorimeter: liquid argon ,CALORÍMETROS ,performance ,Particle Physics - Experiment - Abstract
The Phase-I trigger readout electronics upgrade of the ATLAS Liquid Argon calorimeters enhances the physics reach of the experiment during the upcoming operation at increasing Large Hadron Collider luminosities. The new system, installed during the second Large Hadron Collider Long Shutdown, increases the trigger readout granularity by up to a factor of ten as well as its precision and range. Consequently, the background rejection at trigger level is improved through enhanced filtering algorithms utilizing the additional information for topological discrimination of electromagnetic and hadronic shower shapes. This paper presents the final designs of the new electronic elements, their custom electronic devices, the procedures used to validate their proper functioning, and the performance achieved during the commissioning of this system., Comment: 56 pages, 41 figures, 6 tables
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- 2022
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13. The Silicon Vertex Detector of the Belle II Experiment
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Irmler, C., Adamczyk, K., Aggarwal, L., Aihara, H., Aziz, T., Bacher, S., Bahinipati, S., Batignani, G., Baudot, J., Behera, P.K., Bettarini, S., Bilka, T., Bozek, A., Buchsteiner, F., Casarosa, G., Corona, L., Czank, T., Das, S.B., Dujany, G., Finck, C., Forti, F., Friedl, M., Gabrielli, A., Ganiev, E., Gobbo, B., Halder, S., Hara, K., Hazra, S., Higuchi, T., Ishikawa, A., Jeon, H.B., Jin, Y., Kaleta, M., Kaliyar, A.B., Kandra, J., Kang, K.H., Kapusta, P., Kodyš, P., Kohriki, T., Kumar, M., Kumar, R., La Licata, C., Lalwani, K., Lautenbach, K., Leboucher, R., Lee, S.C., Libby, J., Martel, L., Massaccesi, L., Mohanty, G.B., Nakamura, K.R., Natkaniec, Z., Onuki, Y., Ostrowicz, W., Otani, F., Paladino, A., Paoloni, E., Park, H., Polat, L., Rao, K.K., Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Sato, Y., Schwanda, C., Serrano, J., Shimasaki, T., Suzuki, J., Tanaka, S., Tanigawa, H., Tenchini, F., Thalmeier, R., Tiwary, R., Tsuboyama, T., Uematsu, Y., Vitale, L., Wan, K., Wang, Z., Webb, J., Werbycka, O., Wiechczynski, J., Yin, H., Zani, L., Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Belle II SVD, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Belle-II SVD
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Event T0 estimation ,Tracking detector ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Radiation damage ,pixel ,Instrumentation ,Mathematical Physics ,radiation: damage ,effect ,beam loss ,high ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,Particle tracking detectors (Solid-state detectors) ,quality ,semiconductor detector: microstrip ,SVD ,burst ,damage ,asymmetry ,on-line ,Silicon strip detector ,performance ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,noise ,track data analysis: efficiency ,vertex detector ,FOS: Physical sciences ,BELLE ,KEK-B ,diamond ,Belle II ,luminosity ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,Solid state detectors ,numerical calculations ,spatial resolution ,activity report ,detector ,background ,resolution ,silicon ,stability ,tracks ,radiation ,efficiency ,correlation ,electronics: readout ,semiconductor detector ,microstrip - Abstract
In 2019 the Belle II experiment started data taking at the asymmetric SuperKEKB collider (KEK, Japan) operating at the Y(4S) resonance. Belle II will search for new physics beyond the Standard Model by collecting an integrated luminosity of 50~ab$^{-1}$. The silicon vertex detector (SVD), consisting of four layers of double-sided silicon strip sensors, is one of the two vertex sub-detectors. The SVD extrapolates the tracks to the inner pixel detector (PXD) with enough precision to correctly identify hits in the PXD belonging to the track. In addition the SVD has standalone tracking capability and utilizes ionization to enhance particle identification in the low momentum region. The SVD is operating reliably and with high efficiency, despite exposure to the harsh beam background of the highest peak-luminosity collider ever built. High signal-to-noise ratio and hit efficiency have been measured, as well as the spatial resolution; all these quantities show excellent stability over time. Data-simulation agreement on cluster properties has recently been improved through a careful tuning of the simulation. The precise hit-time resolution can be exploited to reject out-of-time hits induced by beam background, which will make the SVD more robust against higher levels of background. During the first three years of running, radiation damage effects on strip noise, sensor currents and depletion voltage have been observed, as well as some coupling capacitor failure due to intense radiation bursts. None of these effects cause significant degradation in the detector performance., 7 pages, 5 figures, proceedings contribution at the 12th International Conference on Position Sensitive Detectors
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- 2021
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14. Deployment and calibration procedures for accurate timing and directional reconstruction of EAS particle-fronts with HELYCON stations
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Avgitas, Theodore, Bourlis, George, Fanourakis, George K., Gkialas, Ioannis, Leisos, Antonios, Manthos, Ioannis, Tsirigotis, Apostolos, Tzamarias, Spyros E., AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
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Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,experimental methods ,showers: atmosphere ,data acquisition ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,scintillation counter: plastics ,radio wave: detector ,calibration ,programming ,cosmic radiation ,electronics: readout ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,control system ,numerical calculations ,performance - Abstract
High energy cosmic rays, with energies thousands of times higher than those encountered in particle accelerators, offer scientists the means of investigating the elementary properties of matter. In order to detect high energy cosmic rays, new detection hardware and experimental methods are being developed. In this work, we describe the network of HELYCON (HEllenic LYceum Cosmic Observatories Network) autonomous stations for the detection and directional reconstruction of Extended Atmospheric Showers (EAS) particle-fronts. HELYCON stations are hybrid stations consisting of three large plastic scintillators plus a CODALEMA antenna for the RF detection of EAS particle-fronts. We present the installation, operation and calibration of three HELYCON stations and the electronic components for the remote control, monitor and Data Acquisition. We report on the software package developed for the detailed simulation of the detectors' response and for the stations' operation. The simulation parameters have been fine tuned in order to accurately describe each individual detector's characteristics and the operation of each HELYCON station. Finally, the evaluation of the stations' performance in reconstructing the direction of the EAS particle-front is being presented., Comment: 34 pages, 26 figures
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- 2021
15. Single event effects on the RD53B pixel chip digital logic and on-chip CDR
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J. Lalic, D. Fougeron, E. Madsen, E.R.A. Joly, J. Christiansen, L. Flores Sanz De Acedo, M. Menouni, M. Standke, P. Barrillon, P. Rymaszewski, T. Strebler, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and RD53
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logic ,CMS ,integrated circuit ,Particle detectors ,Real-time monitoring ,ATLAS ,sensitivity ,phase shift ,semiconductor detector: pixel ,electronics: readout ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,Instrumentation ,Mathematical Physics ,Radiation-hard electronics ,performance - Abstract
The RD53B chip for HL-LHC upgrades of ATLAS and CMS pixel detectors needs to provide reliable operation in a radiation hostile environment with inevitable Single Event Effects (SEE). To answer the challenge, substantial efforts are made to protect and evaluate the critical parts of the digital logic and to characterize the on-chip Clock and Data Recovery (CDR) circuit. The SEE sensitivity of the digital logic is evaluated by testing with both heavy-ions and protons. The on-chip CDR is characterized by measuring the SEE-induced phase shifts of its output clocks and their implication on the high-speed link stability.
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- 2021
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16. The ATLAS Tile Calorimeter performance and its upgrade towards the High-Luminosity LHC
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Vaslin, Louis, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), and ATLAS Tile Calorimeter Group
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wavelength shifter: fibre ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,ATLAS ,calibration ,pile-up ,calorimeter: hadronic ,muon: cosmic radiation ,electronics: readout ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,upgrade ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,Detectors and Experimental Techniques ,activity report ,performance ,Particle Physics - Experiment ,electronics: design - Abstract
The Tile Calorimeter (TileCal) is a sampling hadronic calorimeter covering the central region of the ATLAS experiment. TileCal uses steel as absorber and plastic scintillators as active medium. The scintillators are read-out by the wavelength shifting fibres coupled to the photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). The analogue signals from the PMTs are amplified, shaped, digitized by sampling the signal every 25 ns and stored on detector until a trigger decision is received. The TileCal front-end electronics reads out the signals produced by about 10000 channels measuring energies ranging from about 30 MeV to about 2 TeV. Each stage of the signal production from scintillation light to the signal reconstruction is monitored and calibrated to better than 1% using radioactive source, laser and charge injection systems. The performance of the calorimeter has been measured and monitored using calibration data, cosmic ray muons and the large sample of proton-proton collisions acquired in 2009-2018 during LHC Run-1 and Run-2. The High-Luminosity phase of LHC, delivering five times the LHC nominal instantaneous luminosity, is expected to begin in 2028. TileCal will require new electronics to meet the requirements of a 1 MHz trigger, higher ambient radiation, and to ensure better performance under high pile-up conditions. Both the on- and off-detector TileCal electronics will be replaced during the shutdown of 2025-2027. PMT signals from every TileCal cell will be digitized and sent directly to the back-end electronics, where the signals are reconstructed, stored, and sent to the first level of trigger at a rate of 40 MHz. This will provide better precision of the calorimeter signals used by the trigger system and will allow the development of more complex trigger algorithms. Changes to the electronics will also contribute to the data integrity and reliability of the system. New electronics prototypes were tested in laboratories as well as in beam tests. Results of the calorimeter calibration and performance during LHC Run-2 are summarized, the main features and beam test results obtained with the new front-end electronics are also presented.
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- 2021
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17. A LArTPC with Vertical Drift for the DUNE Far Detector
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Sacerdoti, Sabrina, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and DUNE
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detector: technology ,CERN Lab ,DUNE ,far detector ,wire ,time projection chamber: liquid argon ,deep underground detector ,detector: liquid argon ,neutrino: detector ,cryogenics ,drift chamber ,electronics: readout ,[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex] ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,detector: design - Abstract
International audience; The Far Detector of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will be a large LArdetector located at a baseline of 1300 kilometers, 1.5 km deep underground. It is planned to bemade up of four modules, each with a total mass of 17 kt of LAr, at least the first two of which willconsist in Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers (LArTPCs). To prove the feasibility of theLArTPC technology at the kiloton scale, the ProtoDUNE Single and Dual-Phase detectors wereconstructed and operated at the CERN Neutrino facility.This document describes the Vertical Drift detector concept, which is proposed to instrument thesecond DUNE module. It consists of a TPC where the electrons drift vertically, with a cathodesuspended at mid-height, towards anodes placed at the bottom and top of the detector. The anodeswould be made out of printed PCBs instead of wires, and the new disposition would allow the topreadout electronics to be accessible during the lifetime of the experiment. An enhanced photo-detection system is also proposed, with the photo-sensors placed on the cryostat walls and thecathode, but posing a challenge in terms of power and signal transmission. Studies are ongoingboth to overcome the technical challenges of this new design and to finalize the concept.
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- 2021
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18. Embedded software developments in KM3NeT phase I
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V. van Beveren, D. Real, T. Chiarusi, D. Calvo, S. Mastroianni, P. Musico, G. Pellegrini, P. Jansweijer, S. Colonges, C. Bozza, F. Filippini, C. Nicolau, A. Díaz, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), KM3NeT, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
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Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,data acquisition ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,FOS: Physical sciences ,01 natural sciences ,programming ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,Computer Science::Hardware Architecture ,0103 physical sciences ,[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex] ,14. Life underwater ,Neutrino detectors ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Instrumentation ,KM3NeT ,Mathematical Physics ,FPGA ,logic ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Software Engineering ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,electronics: readout - Abstract
The KM3NeT Collaboration has already produced more than one thousand acquisition boards, used for building two deep-sea neutrino detectors at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea, with the aim of instrumenting a volume of several cubic kilometers with light sensors to detect the Cherenkov radiation produced in neutrino interactions. The the so-called Digital Optical Modules, house the PMTs and the acquisition and control electronics of the module, the Central Logic Board, which includes a Xilinx FPGA and embedded soft processor. The present work presents the architecture and functionalities of the software embedded in the soft processor of the Central Logic Board., 5 pages (5 excluding references), 1 figure. VLVnT2021 proceeding contribution
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- 2021
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19. Performance of the D-Egg optical sensor for the IceCube-Upgrade
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Hill, C., Meier, M., Nagai, R., Kin, K., Shimizu, N., Ishihara, A., Yoshida, S., Anderson, T., Braun, J., Fienberg, A., Weber, J., Abbasi, R., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Ahrens, M., Alispach, C., Alves, Jr, A.A., Amin, N. M., An, R., Andeen, K., Anton, G., Argüelles, C., Ashida, Y., Axani, S., Bai, X., Balagopal, A. V., Barbano, A., Barwick, S. W., Bastian, B., Basu, V., Baur, S., Bay, R., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K.-H., Becker Tjus, J., Bellenghi, C., BenZvi, S., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Besson, D. Z., Binder, G., Bindig, D., Blaufuss, E., Blot, S., Boddenberg, M., Bontempo, F., Borowka, J., Böser, S., Botner, O., Böttcher, J., Bourbeau, E., Bradascio, F., Bron, S., Brostean-Kaiser, J., Browne, S., Burgman, A., Burley, R. T., Busse, R. S., Campana, M. A., Carnie-Bronca, E. G., Chen, C., Chirkin, D., Choi, K., Clark, B. A., Clark, K., Classen, L., Coleman, A., Collin, G. H., Conrad, J. M., Coppin, P., Correa, P., Cowen, D. F., Cross, R., Dappen, C., Dave, P., De Clercq, C., DeLaunay, J. J., Dembinski, H., Deoskar, K., De Ridder, S., Desai, A., Desiati, P., Vries, K. D. de, Wasseige, G. de, With, M. de, DeYoung, T., Dharani, S., Diaz, A., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Dittmer, M., Dujmovic, H., Dunkman, M., DuVernois, M. A., Dvorak, E., Ehrhardt, T., Eller, P., Engel, R., Erpenbeck, H., Evans, J., Evenson, P. A., Fan, K. L., Fazely, A. R., Fiedlschuster, S., Fienberg, A. T., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Fischer, L., Fox, D., Franckowiak, A., Friedman, E., Fritz, A., Fürst, P., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Ganster, E., Garcia, A., Garrappa, S., Gerhardt, L., Ghadimi, A., Glaser, C., Glauch, T., Glüsenkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Gonzalez, J. G., Goswami, S., Grant, D., Grégoire, T., Griswold, S., Gündüz, M., Günther, C., Haack, C., Hallgren, A., Halliday, R., Halve, L., Halzen, F., Ha Minh, M., Hanson, K., Hardin, J., Harnisch, A. A., Haungs, A., Hauser, S., Hebecker, D., Helbing, K., Henningsen, F., Hettinger, E. C., Hickford, S., Hignight, J., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Hoffmann, R., Hoinka, T., Hokanson-Fasig, B., Hoshina, K., Huang, F., Huber, M., Huber, T., Hultqvist, K., Hünnefeld, M., Hussain, R., In, S., Iovine, N., Jansson, M., Japaridze, G. S., Jeong, M., Jones, B. J. P., Kang, D., Kang, W., Kang, X., Kappes, A., Kappesser, D., Karg, T., Karl, M., Karle, A., Katz, U., Kauer, M., Kellermann, M., Kelley, J. L., Kheirandish, A., Kintscher, T., Kiryluk, J., Klein, S. R., Koirala, R., Kolanoski, H., Kontrimas, T., Köpke, L., Kopper, C., Kopper, S., Koskinen, D. J., Koundal, P., Kovacevich, M., Kowalski, M., Kozynets, T., Kun, E., Kurahashi, N., Lad, N., Lagunas Gualda, C., Lanfranchi, J. L., Larson, M. J., Lauber, F., Lazar, J. P., Lee, J. W., Leonard, K., Leszczyńska, A., Li, Y., Lincetto, M., Liu, Q. R., Liubarska, M., Lohfink, E., Lozano Mariscal, C. J., Lu, L., Lucarelli, F., Ludwig, A., Luszczak, W., Lyu, Y., Ma, W. Y., Madsen, J., Mahn, K. B. M., Makino, Y., Mancina, S., Mariş, I. C., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., McElroy, T., McNally, F., Mead, J. V., Meagher, K., Medina, A., Meighen-Berger, S., Micallef, J., Mockler, D., Montaruli, T., Moore, R. W., Morse, R., Moulai, M., Naab, R., Naumann, U., Necker, J., Nguyên, L. V., Niederhausen, H., Nisa, M. U., Nowicki, S. C., Nygren, D. R., Obertacke Pollmann, A., Oehler, M., Olivas, A., O’Sullivan, E., Pandya, H., Pankova, D. V., Park, N., Parker, G. K., Paudel, E. N., Paul, L., Pérez de los Heros, C., Peters, L., Peterson, J., Philippen, S., Pieloth, D., Pieper, S., Pittermann, M., Pizzuto, A., Plum, M., Popovych, Y., Porcelli, A., Prado Rodriguez, M., Price, P. B., Pries, B., Przybylski, G. T., Raab, C., Raissi, A., Rameez, M., Rawlins, K., Rea, I. C., Rehman, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimann, R., Renzi, G., Resconi, E., Reusch, S., Rhode, W., Richman, M., Riedel, B., Roberts, E. J., Robertson, S., Roellinghoff, G., Rongen, M., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Ryckbosch, D., Rysewyk Cantu, D., Safa, I., Saffer, J., Sanchez Herrera, S. E., Sandrock, A., Sandroos, J., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Satalecka, K., Scharf, M., Schaufel, M., Schieler, H., Schindler, S., Schlunder, P., Schmidt, T., Schneider, A., Schneider, J., Schröder, F. G., Schumacher, L., Schwefer, G., Sclafani, S., Seckel, D., Seunarine, S., Sharma, A., Shefali, S., Silva, M., Skrzypek, B., Smithers, B., Snihur, R., Soedingrekso, J., Soldin, D., Spannfellner, C., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stachurska, J., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stein, R., Stettner, J., Steuer, A., Stezelberger, T., Stürwald, T., Stuttard, T., Sullivan, G. W., Taboada, I., Tenholt, F., Ter-Antonyan, S., Tilav, S., Tischbein, F., Tollefson, K., Tomankova, L., Tönnis, C., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., Trettin, A., Tselengidou, M., Tung, C. F., Turcati, A., Turcotte, R., Turley, C. F., Twagirayezu, J. P., Ty, B., Unland Elorrieta, M. A., Valtonen-Mattila, N., Vandenbroucke, J., Eijndhoven, N. van, Vannerom, D., Santen, J. van, Verpoest, S., Vraeghe, M., Walck, C., Watson, T. B., Weaver, C., Weigel, P., Weindl, A., Weiss, M. J., Weldert, J., Wendt, C., Werthebach, J., Weyrauch, M., Whitehorn, N., Wiebusch, C. H., Williams, D. R., Wolf, M., Woschnagg, K., Wrede, G., Wulff, J., Xu, X. W., Xu, Y., Yanez, J. P., Yu, S., Yuan, T., Zhang, Z., and IceCube Collaboration
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Production line ,Photomultiplier ,photomultiplier ,Photon ,data acquisition ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Physics ,fabrication ,Photocathode ,Upgrade ,Data acquisition ,analog-to-digital converter ,IceCube: upgrade ,electronics: readout ,upgrade [IceCube] ,ddc:530 ,Electronics ,Instrumentation (computer programming) ,readout [electronics] ,business ,performance ,Computer hardware - Abstract
37. International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2021, Berlin, Germany, 15 Jul 2021 - 22 Jul 2021; Proceedings of Science 395, 1042 (2022). doi:10.22323/1.395.1042 special issue: "37th International Cosmic Ray Conference : ICRC2021 : 12-23 July 2021 : Berlin, Germany - Online / Editorial Board: Alexander Kappes, Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany ; Bianca Keilhauer, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics (IAP)", Published by SISSA, Trieste
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- 2021
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20. Machine Learning for Real-Time Processing of ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimeter Signals with FPGAs
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Laatu, Lauri, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimeter group
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data analysis method ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,neural network ,electronics: readout ,energy resolution ,calorimeter: liquid argon ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,ATLAS ,programming ,FPGA ,performance - Abstract
International audience; Within the Phase-II upgrade of the LHC, the readout electronics of the ATLAS LAr Calorimetersare prepared for high luminosity operation expecting a pile-up of up to 200 simultaneous proton-proton interactions. Moreover, the calorimeter signals of up to 25 subsequent collisions areoverlapping, which increases the difficulty of energy reconstruction. Real-time processing ofdigitized pulses sampled at 40 MHz is performed using FPGAs.To cope with the signal pile-up, new machine learning approaches are explored: convolutional andrecurrent neural networks outperform the optimal signal filter currently used, both in assignmentof the reconstructed energy to the correct bunch crossing and in energy resolution.Very good agreement between neural network implementations in FPGA and software basedcalculations is observed. The FPGA resource usage, the latency and the operation frequency areanalyzed. Latest performance results and experience with prototype implementations are analyzedand are found to fit the requirements for the Phase-II upgrade.
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- 2021
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21. HEMT-based 1K front-end electronics for the heat and ionization Ge CryoCube of the future RICOCHET CE$\nu$NS experiment
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Baulieu, G., Billard, J., Bres, G., Bret, J-L, Chaize, D., Colas, J., Dong, Q., Exshaw, O., Guerin, C., Ferriol, S., Filippini, J-B, De Jesus, M., Jin, Y., Juillard, A., Lamblin, J., Lattaud, H., Minet, J., Misiak, D., Monfardini, A., Rarbi, F., Salagnac, T., Vagneron, L., Collaboration, the RICOCHET, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Orsay] (C2N), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and RICOCHET
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noise ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Cryoelectronics ,background: electromagnetic ,FOS: Physical sciences ,resolution ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,neutrino: nuclear reactor ,neutrino nucleus: coherent interaction ,cryogenics ,cryogenic detectors ,amplifier ,electronics: readout ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,CEνNS ,performance ,HEMT ,electronics: design - Abstract
The RICOCHET reactor neutrino observatory is planned to be installed at the Laue Langevin Institute (ILL) starting mid-2022. Its scientific goal is to perform a low-energy and high precision measurement of the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$\nu$NS) spectrum in order to explore exotic physics scenarios. RICOCHET will host two cryogenic detector arrays: the CryoCube (Ge target) and the Q-ARRAY (Zn target), operated at 10 mK. The 1 kg Ge CryoCube will consist of 27 Ge crystals instrumented with NTD-Ge thermal sensors and charge collection electrodes for a simultaneous heat and ionization readout to reject the electromagnetic backgrounds (gamma, beta, x-rays). We present the status of its front-end electronics. The first stage of amplification is made of High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) developed by CNRS/C2N laboratory, optimized to achieve ultra-low noise performance at 1K with a dissipation as low as 15 $\mu$W per channel. Our noise model predicts that 10 eV heat and 20 eVee RMS baseline resolutions are feasible with a high dynamic range for the deposited energy (up to 10 MeV) thanks to loop amplification schemes. Such resolutions are mandatory to have a high discrimination power between nuclear and electron recoils at the lowest energies., Comment: submitted to Journal of Low Temperature Physics. Special Issue for the 19th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors 19-29 July 2021 - Virtual event hold by NIST
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- 2021
22. Beam test performance of a highly granular silicon tungsten calorimeter technical prototype for the ILD
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Morales, Fabricio Jimenez, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), CALICE, and HEP, INSPIRE
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History ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,ILD detector ,CALICE ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,silicon: tungsten ,Computer Science Applications ,Education ,calorimeter: electromagnetic ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,electronics: readout ,Physics::Accelerator Physics ,showers: electromagnetic ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,Detectors and Experimental Techniques ,numerical calculations ,detector: design - Abstract
A highly granular silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter (SiW-ECAL) is the reference design of the ECAL for International Large Detector concept, one of the two detector concepts for the future International Linear Collider. Prototypes for this type of detector are developed within the CALICE Collaboration. The technological prototype addresses technical challenges such as integrated front-end electronics or compact layer and readout design. A stack of 7 layers was compiled and tested at DESY test beam facilities in 2017. We present preliminary results on the properties of the electromagnetic showers. An outline on the next steps is given. Finally, we illustrate the first steps of the digitization concept on simulations of the prototype., 6 pages, 3 figures. Talk presented at the International Conference on Technology and Instrumentation in Particle Physics (TIPP 2021), May 24-28 2021. Submitted to Journal of Physics: Conference Series
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- 2021
23. Artificial Neural Networks on FPGAs for Real-Time Energy Reconstruction of the ATLAS LAr Calorimeters
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Georges Aad, Lauri Antti Olavi Laatu, Thomas Philippe Calvet, Emmanuel Monnier, Johann Christoph Voigt, Nemer Chiedde, Etienne Marie Fortin, Anne-Sophie Berthold, Nick Fritzsche, Rainer Hentges, Arno Straessner, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,data analysis method ,p p: scattering ,Computer science ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,neural network ,Real-time processing ,energy resolution ,Recurrent neural network ,Convolutional neural network ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,programming ,Computer Science::Hardware Architecture ,High-energy physics ,0103 physical sciences ,numerical methods ,Machine learning ,Computer Science (miscellaneous) ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,010306 general physics ,numerical calculations ,FPGA ,Large Hadron Collider ,Artificial neural network ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,business.industry ,Detector ,ATLAS experiment ,Filter (signal processing) ,ATLAS ,Calorimeter ,pile-up ,electronics: readout ,luminosity: high ,calorimeter: liquid argon ,business ,Software ,Computer hardware ,Energy (signal processing) ,Particle Physics - Experiment ,performance - Abstract
The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is operated at CERN and measures proton–proton collisions at multi-TeV energies with a repetition frequency of 40 MHz. Within the phase-II upgrade of the LHC, the readout electronics of the liquid-argon (LAr) calorimeters of ATLAS are being prepared for high luminosity operation expecting a pileup of up to 200 simultaneous proton–proton interactions. Moreover, the calorimeter signals of up to 25 subsequent collisions are overlapping, which increases the difficulty of energy reconstruction by the calorimeter detector. Real-time processing of digitized pulses sampled at 40 MHz is performed using field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). To cope with the signal pileup, new machine learning approaches are explored: convolutional and recurrent neural networks outperform the optimal signal filter currently used, both in assignment of the reconstructed energy to the correct proton bunch crossing and in energy resolution. The improvements concern in particular energies derived from overlapping pulses. Since the implementation of the neural networks targets an FPGA, the number of parameters and the mathematical operations need to be well controlled. The trained neural network structures are converted into FPGA firmware using automated implementations in hardware description language and high-level synthesis tools. Very good agreement between neural network implementations in FPGA and software based calculations is observed. The prototype implementations on an Intel Stratix-10 FPGA reach maximum operation frequencies of 344–640 MHz. Applying time-division multiplexing allows the processing of 390–576 calorimeter channels by one FPGA for the most resource-efficient networks. Moreover, the latency achieved is about 200 ns. These performance parameters show that a neural-network based energy reconstruction can be considered for the processing of the ATLAS LAr calorimeter signals during the high-luminosity phase of the LHC.
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- 2021
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24. Performance and aging studies for the ALICE muon RPCs
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Luca Quaglia, Laura Alvigini, M. Gagliardi, Alessandro Ferretti, Beatrice Mandelli, Roberto Guida, Diego Stocco, Antonio Bianchi, Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)
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Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,sulfur: fluorine ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,measurement methods ,carbon: hydrogen ,01 natural sciences ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,Gaseous detectors ,ALICE ,0302 clinical medicine ,performance: time dependence ,[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex] ,Detectors and Experimental Techniques ,Instrumentation ,physics.ins-det ,Mathematical Physics ,Physics ,Large Hadron Collider ,Resistive-plate chambers ,Muon spectrometers ,Detector ,resistive plate chamber ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,Upgrade ,argon ,carbon: fluorine ,K : Muon spectrometers ,upgrade ,Particle Physics - Experiment ,Dark current ,chemistry.chemical_element ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Nuclear physics ,03 medical and health sciences ,0103 physical sciences ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,plasma ,activity report ,Argon ,Muon ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,hep-ex ,muon: trigger ,Plasma ,chemistry ,efficiency ,electronics: readout ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,ALICE (propellant) - Abstract
The ALICE muon trigger (MTR) system consists of 72 Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) detectors arranged in two stations, each composed of two planes with 18 RPCs per plane. The detectors are operated in maxi-avalanche mode using a mixture of 89.7% C$_2$H$_2$F$_4$, 10% i-C$_4$H$_{10}$ and 0.3% SF$_6$. A number of detector performance indicators, such as efficiency and dark current, have been monitored over time throughout the LHC Run2 (2015-18). While the efficiency showed very good stability, a steady increase in the absorbed dark current was observed. Since the end of 2018, the LHC has entered a phase of long shutdown, during which the ALICE experiment will be upgraded to cope with the next phase of data taking, expected in 2021. The MTR is undergoing a major upgrade of the front-end and readout electronics, and will change its functionalities, becoming a Muon Identifier. Only the replacement of the most irradiated RPCs is planned during the upgrade. It is therefore important to perform dedicated studies to gain further insights into the status of the detector. In particular, two RPCs were flushed with pure Ar gas for a prolonged period of time and a plasma was created by fully ionizing the gas. The output gas was analyzed using a Gas Chromatograph combined with a Mass Spectrometer and the possible presence of fluorinated compounds originating from the interaction of the plasma with the inner surfaces of the detector has been assessed using an Ion-Selective Electrode station. This contribution will include a detailed review of the ALICE muon RPC performance at the LHC. The procedure and results of the argon plasma test, described above, are also discussed., Comment: Proceedings of the 15th Workshop on Resistive Plate Chambers and Related Detectors (RPC2020), 10-14 February 2020, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Italy
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- 2021
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25. The Mu3e Data Acquisition
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U. Hartmann, Tiancheng Zhong, A.-K. Perrevoort, Alexandr Kozlinskiy, Samer Kilani, Frank Meier Aeschbacher, Ben Gayther, Huangshan Chen, Luigi Vigani, Hans-Christian Schultz-Coulon, Marius Köppel, Dirk Gottschalk, Sebastain Dittmeier, Wei Shen, Lukas Gerritzen, Konrad Briggl, Niklaus Berger, André Schöning, Gavin Grant Hesketh, Dirk Wiedner, Yonathan Munwes, Dorothea vom Bruch, Simon Corrodi, M. Müller, H. Augustin, Stefan Ritt, A. Bravar, Frederik Wauters, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Mu3e
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Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Particle physics ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Meson ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,data acquisition ,fibre: optical ,FOS: Physical sciences ,high energy physics instrumentation ,printed circuits ,7. Clean energy ,computer: network ,Optical fiber communication ,Data acquisition ,semiconductor detector: pixel ,Optical switches ,multiprocessor: graphics ,hardware ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,muon+: decay ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries) ,scintillation counter ,FPGA ,Clocks ,Physics ,Data acquisition (DAQ) ,Muon ,Pixel ,Mesons ,Detector ,lepton: flavor: violation ,Field programmable gate arrays ,Detectors ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,sensitivity ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,Filter (video) ,field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) ,electronics: readout ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Lepton ,electronics: design - Abstract
The Mu3e experiment aims to find or exclude the lepton flavour violating decay $\mu^+\to e^+e^-e^+$ with a sensitivity of one in 10$^{16}$ muon decays. The first phase of the experiment is currently under construction at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI, Switzerland), where beams with up to 10$^8$ muons per second are available. The detector will consist of an ultra-thin pixel tracker made from High-Voltage Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (HV-MAPS), complemented by scintillating tiles and fibres for precise timing measurements. The experiment produces about 100 Gbit/s of zero-suppressed data which are transported to a filter farm using a network of FPGAs and fast optical links. On the filter farm, tracks and three-particle vertices are reconstructed using highly parallel algorithms running on graphics processing units, leading to a reduction of the data to 100 Mbyte/s for mass storage and offline analysis. The paper introduces the system design and hardware implementation of the Mu3e data acquisition and filter farm., Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures Submitted to IEEE TNS
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- 2021
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26. Upgrade of the MAGNEX spectrometer toward the high-intensity phase of NUMEN
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Maria Fisichella, D. Torresi, Paolo Finocchiaro, Franck Delaunay, Federico Pinna, Salvatore Calabrese, Alessandro Spatafora, G. A. Brischetto, V. Capirossi, O. Sgouros, Salvatore Tudisco, Diana Carbone, C. Agodi, Manuela Cavallaro, Francesco Cappuzzello, Felice Iazzi, Diego Sartirana, V. Soukeras, I. Ciraldo, Daniela Calvo, Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire de Caen (LPCC), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), and NUMEN
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heavy ion: scattering ,QC1-999 ,Phase (waves) ,Context (language use) ,[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,Nuclear physics ,Superconducting cyclotron ,double-beta decay: (0neutrino) ,0103 physical sciences ,accelerator: technology ,010306 general physics ,nucleus: semileptonic decay ,Physics ,Spectrometer ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,High intensity ,charge exchange ,experimental equipment ,Upgrade ,electronics: readout ,magnetic spectrometer: upgrade ,Order of magnitude ,electronics: design ,Charge exchange - Abstract
International audience; The NUMEN experimental activity with accelerated beams is performed at INFN–Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS) in Catania using the Superconducting Cyclotron and the MAGNEX magnetic spectrometer. The scientific motivation of NUMEN is to extract experiment-driven information on the nuclear matrix elements entering in the expression of the 0νββ decay half-life. The reaction cross sections involved, especially for the double charge exchange process, are very low, thus limiting the present exploration to a few selected isotopes of interest in the context of typically low-yield experimental runs. In order to make feasible a systematic study of all the candidate nuclei, a major upgrade of the LNS facility is foreseen to increase the experimental yield by more than two orders of magnitude. To this purpose, frontier technologies are being developed for the accelerator and the detection systems. An updated description of the choices derived from the recent R&D activity on the target system and MAGNEX focal plane detector is given.
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- 2021
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27. The tracking detector of the FASER experiment
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FASER Collaboration, Abreu, Henso, Antel, Claire, Ariga, Akitaka, Ariga, Tomoko, Bernlochner, Florian, Boeckh, Tobias, Boyd, Jamie, Brenner, Lydia, Cadoux, Franck, Casper, David W., Cavanagh, Charlotte, Chen, Xin, Coccaro, Andrea, Crespo-Lopez, Olivier, Dmitrievsky, Sergey, D'Onofrio, Monica, Dozen, Candan, Ezzat, Abdallah, Favre, Yannick, Fellers, Deion, Feng, Jonathan L., Ferrere, Didier, Gibson, Stephen, Gonzalez-Sevilla, Sergio, Gornushkin, Yuri, Gwilliam, Carl, Hsu, Shih-Chieh, Hu, Zhen, Iacobucci, Giuseppe, Inada, Tomohiro, Jakobsen, Sune, Kajomovitz, Enrique, Kling, Felix, Kose, Umut, Kuehn, Susanne, Lefebvre, Helena, Levinson, Lorne, Li, Ke, Liu, Jinfeng, Magliocca, Chiara, McFayden, Josh, Milanesio, Matteo, Meehan, Sam, Mladenov, Dimitar, Moretti, Theo, Munker, Magdalena, Nakamura, Mitsuhiro, Nakano, Toshiyuki, Nessi, Marzio, Neuhaus, Friedemann, Nevay, Laurie, Otono, Hidetoshi, Pandini, Carlo, Pang, Hao, Paolozzi, Lorenzo, Petersen, Brian, Pietropaolo, Francesco, Prim, Markus, Queitsch-Maitland, Michaela, Resnati, Filippo, Rizzi, Chiara, Rokujo, Hiroki, Ruiz-Choliz, Elisa, Salfeld-Nebgen, Jakob, Sato, Osamu, Scampoli, Paola, Schmieden, Kristof, Schott, Matthias, Sfyrla, Anna, Shively, Savannah, Spencer, John, Takubo, Yosuke, Tarannum, Noshin, Theiner, Ondrej, Torrence, Eric, Tufanli, Serhan, Vasina, Svetlana, Vormwald, Benedikt, Wang, Di, Abreu, Henso, Antel, Claire, Ariga, Akitaka, Ariga, Tomoko, Bernlochner, Florian, Boeckh, Tobia, Boyd, Jamie, Brenner, Lydia, Cadoux, Franck, Casper, David W., Cavanagh, Charlotte, Chen, Xin, Coccaro, Andrea, Crespo-Lopez, Olivier, Dmitrievsky, Sergey, D???onofrio, Monica, Dozen, Candan, Ezzat, Abdallah, Favre, Yannick, Fellers, Deion, Feng, Jonathan L., Ferrere, Didier, Gibson, Stephen, Gonzalez-Sevilla, Sergio, Gornushkin, Yuri, Gwilliam, Carl, Hsu, Shih-Chieh, Hu, Zhen, Iacobucci, Giuseppe, Inada, Tomohiro, Jakobsen, Sune, Kajomovitz, Enrique, Kling, Felix, Kose, Umut, Kuehn, Susanne, Lefebvre, Helena, Levinson, Lorne, Li, Ke, Liu, Jinfeng, Magliocca, Chiara, Mcfayden, Josh, Milanesio, Matteo, Meehan, Sam, Mladenov, Dimitar, Moretti, Th??o, Munker, Magdalena, Nakamura, Mitsuhiro, Nakano, Toshiyuki, Nessi, Marzio, Neuhaus, Friedemann, Nevay, Laurie, Otono, Hidetoshi, Pandini, Carlo, Pang, Hao, Paolozzi, Lorenzo, Petersen, Brian, Pietropaolo, Francesco, Prim, Marku, Queitsch-Maitland, Michaela, Resnati, Filippo, Rizzi, Chiara, Rokujo, Hiroki, Ruiz-Choliz, Elisa, Salfeld-Nebgen, Jakob, Sato, Osamu, Scampoli, Paola, Schmieden, Kristof, Schott, Matthia, Sfyrla, Anna, Shively, Savannah, Spencer, John, Takubo, Yosuke, Tarannum, Noshin, Theiner, Ondrej, Torrence, Eric, Tufanli, Serhan, Vasina, Svetlana, Vormwald, Benedikt, and Wang, Di
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Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,FOS: Physical sciences ,fabrication ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,FLUKA ,Tracking detectors ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,heat engineering ,ddc:530 ,tracking detector ,spectrometer: design ,FASER ,Detectors and Experimental Techniques ,numerical calculations ,Instrumentation ,physics.ins-det ,neutrino: interaction ,activity report ,Silicon microstrip detectors ,hep-ex ,interaction [neutrino] ,microstrip [semiconductor detector] ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,calibration ,CERN LHC Coll ,power supply ,electronics: readout ,design [electronics] ,design [spectrometer] ,mechanical engineering ,semiconductor detector: microstrip ,LHC ,readout [electronics] ,performance ,Particle Physics - Experiment ,electronics: design - Abstract
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research / A 1034, 166825 (2022). doi:10.1016/j.nima.2022.166825, FASER is a new experiment designed to search for new light weakly-interacting long-lived particles (LLPs) and study high-energy neutrino interactions in the very forward region of the LHC collisions at CERN. The experimental apparatus is situated 480 m downstream of the ATLAS interaction-point aligned with the beam collision axis. The FASER detector includes four identical tracker stations constructed from silicon microstrip detectors. Three of the tracker stations form a tracking spectrometer, and enable FASER to detect the decay products of LLPs decaying inside the apparatus, whereas the fourth station is used for the neutrino analysis. The spectrometer has been installed in the LHC complex since March 2021, while the fourth station is not yet installed. FASER will start physics data taking when the LHC resumes operation in early 2022. This paper describes the design, construction and testing of the tracking spectrometer, including the associated components such as the mechanics, readout electronics, power supplies and cooling system., Published by North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam
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- 2021
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28. The trigger and data acquisition system of the FASER experiment
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Abreu, Henso, Mansour, Elham Amin, Casper, David, Cavanagh, Charlotte, Chen, Xin, Coccaro, Andrea, Debieux, Stephane, Dmitrievsky, Sergey, D'Onofrio, Monica, Dozen, Candan, Favre, Yannick, Fellers, Deion, Antel, Claire, Feng, Jonathan L., Ferrere, Didier, Gamberini, Enrico, Galantay, Edward Karl, Gibson, Stephen, Gonzalez-Sevilla, Sergio, Gornushkin, Yuri, Gwilliam, Carl, Hsu, Shih-Chieh, Hu, Zhen, Ariga, Akitaka, Iacobucci, Giuseppe, Inada, Tomohiro, Jakobsen, Sune, Johnson, Eliott, Kajomovitz, Enrique, Kling, Felix, Kose, Umut, Kuehn, Susanne, Lefebvre, Helena, Levinson, Lorne, Ariga, Tomoko, Li, Ke, Liu, Jinfeng, Magliocca, Chiara, McFayden, Josh, Milanesio, Matteo, Meehan, Sam, Mladenov, Dimitar, Moretti, Theo, Munker, Magdalena, Nakamura, Mitsuhiro, Bernlochner, Florian, Nakano, Toshiyuki, Nessi, Marzio, Neuhaus, Friedemann, Nevay, Laurie, Otono, Hidetoshi, Pandini, Carlo, Pang, Hao, Paolozzi, Lorenzo, Petersen, Brian, Pietropaolo, Francesco, Boeckh, Tobias, Prim, Markus, Queitsch-Maitland, Michaela, Resnati, Filippo, Rizzi, Chiara, Rokujo, Hiroki, Ruiz-Choliz, Elisa, Salfeld-Nebgen, Jakob, Sato, Osamu, Scampoli, Paola, Schmieden, Kristof, Boyd, Jamie, Schott, Matthias, Sfyrla, Anna, Shively, Savannah, Sipos, Roland, Spencer, John, Takubo, Yosuke, Tarannum, Noshin, Theiner, Ondrej, Torrence, Eric, Tufanli, Serhan, Brenner, Lydia, Vasina, Svetlana, Vormwald, Benedikt, Wang, Di, FASER Collaboration, Cadoux, Franck, Abreu, H., Amin Mansour, E., Antel, C., Ariga, A., Ariga, T., Bernlochner, F., Boeckh, T., Boyd, J., Brenner, L., Cadoux, F., Casper, D. W., Cavanagh, C., Chen, X., Coccaro, A., Débieux, S., Dmitrievsky, S., D'Onofrio, M., Dozen, C., Favre, Y., Fellers, D., Feng, J. L., Ferrere, D., Gamberini, E., Galantay, E. K., Gibson, S., Gonzalez-Sevilla, S., Gornushkin, Y., Gwilliam, C., Hsu, S. -C., Hu, Z., Iacobucci, G., Inada, T., Jakobsen, S., Johnson, E., Kajomovitz, E., Kling, F., Kose, U., Kuehn, S., Lefebvre, H., Levinson, L., Li, K., Liu, J., Magliocca, C., Mcfayden, J., Milanesio, M., Meehan, S., Mladenov, D., Moretti, T., Munker, M., Nakamura, M., Nakano, T., Nessi, M., Neuhaus, F., Nevay, L., Otono, H., Pandini, C., Pang, H., Paolozzi, L., Petersen, B., Pietropaolo, F., Prim, M., Queitsch-Maitland, M., Resnati, F., Rizzi, C., Rokujo, H., Ruiz-Cholis, E., Salfeld-Nebgen, J., Sato, O., Scampoli, P., Schmieden, K., Schott, M., Sfyrla, A., Shively, S., Sipos, R., Spencer, J., Takubo, Y., Tarannum, N., Theiner, O., Torrence, E., Tufanli, S., Vasina, S., Vormwald, B., and Wang, D.
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Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Detector control systems (detector and experiment monitoring and slow-control systems, architecture, hardware, algorithms, databases) ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,data acquisition ,FOS: Physical sciences ,programming ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,long-lived [particle] ,tracking detector ,ddc:610 ,Detectors and Experimental Techniques ,signal processing ,Instrumentation ,physics.ins-det ,Mathematical Physics ,hep-ex ,Control and monitor systems online ,Data acquisition concepts ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,efficiency [trigger] ,trigger: design ,monitoring ,CERN LHC Coll ,Trigger concepts and systems (hardware and software) ,trigger: efficiency ,electronics: readout ,design [electronics] ,particle: long-lived ,readout [electronics] ,Particle Physics - Experiment ,performance ,electronics: design ,design [trigger] - Abstract
Journal of Instrumentation 16(12), P12028 (2021). doi:10.1088/1748-0221/16/12/P12028, The FASER experiment is a new small and inexpensive experiment that is placed 480 meters downstream of the ATLAS experiment at the CERN LHC. FASER is designed to capture decays of new long-lived particles, produced outside of the ATLAS detector acceptance. These rare particles can decay in the FASER detector together with about 500–1000 Hz of other particles originating from the ATLAS interaction point. A very high efficiency trigger and data acquisition system is required to ensure that the physics events of interest will be recorded. This paper describes the trigger and data acquisition system of the FASER experiment and presents performance results of the system acquired during initial commissioning., Published by Inst. of Physics, London
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- 2021
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29. Research and development of the back-end electronics for the two-dimensional improved resistive plate chambers in CMS upgrade
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J. Zhao, Andrés Cabrera, Paola Salvini, Peicho Petkov, M. Ebraimi, L. Mirabito, S. J. Qian, Tae Jeong Kim, Andrea Gelmi, D. A. Perez Navarro, H. Lee, Borislav Pavlov, M. A. Mahmoud, A. Samalan, Brieuc Francois, S. Carrillo, Reham Aly, Anton Petrov, G. A. Ayala Sanchez, Jan Eysermans, S. Choi, Junquan Tao, Irakli Lomidze, Leander Litov, Alberto Santoro, C. A. Mondragon Herrera, Salvatore Buontempo, J. B. Singh, Vipin Bhatnagar, Gilvan Alves, E. Vazquez, I. Asghar, Miroslav Bonchev, Mariana Shopova, Junghwan Goh, H. Kou, Sabino Meola, Paolo Vitulo, M. A. Shah, Stefano Bianco, A. Di Crescenzo, Amal Sarkar, Ilirjan Margjeka, Pierluigi Paolucci, Imad Baptiste Laktineh, Iuri Bagaturia, Cristina Riccardi, Luisa Benussi, Yasser Assran, Isabel Pedraza, A. Sanchez-Hernandez, M. El Sawy, Plamen Iaydjiev, Marcello Abbrescia, G. Grenier, C. Combaret, Heriberto Castilla-Valdez, G. De Lellis, N. De Filippis, Michael Tytgat, Priyanka Kumari, N. Zaganidis, C. Uribe Estrada, S. Muhammad, Hafeez R Hoorani, Z. Liu, Byung-Sik Hong, Walaa Elmetenawee, P. Cao, A. Aleksandrov, Ashfaq Ahmad, I. Crotty, S. Elsayed, Kin Sing Stephen Lee, N. Wang, E. M. Da Costa, D. De Jesus Damiao, M. Gouzevitch, Giuseppe Iaselli, Jorge Fraga, Georgi Sultanov, M. Mohammadi Najafabadi, W. Gong, Francesco Fienga, R. Ghasemi, J. Park, C. Bernal, A. Braghieri, F. Torres Da Silva De Araujo, B. Boghrati, Rajat Gupta, V. Amoozegar, J. Song, K. Shchablo, F. Marujo, Helio Nogima, F. Loddo, Paolo Montagna, S. Leszki, Roumyana Hadjiiska, Luca Lista, D. Ramos, Mircho Rodozov, D. Lomidze, Davide Piccolo, Y. Mohammed, E. Zareian, Gabriella Pugliese, X. Chen, S. Fonseca De Souza, A. Radi, Anton Dimitrov, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CMS, Cao, P., Liu, Z. -A., Zhao, J., Kou, H., Tao, J., Song, J., Gong, W., Wang, N., Samalan, A., Tytgat, M., Zaganidis, N., Alves, G. A., Marujo, F., De Araujo, F. Torres Da Silva, Da Costa, E. M., Damiao, D. De Jesu, Nogima, H., Santoro, A., De Souza, S. Fonseca, Aleksandrov, A., Hadjiiska, R., Iaydjiev, P., Rodozov, M., Shopova, M., Sultanov, G., Bonchev, M., Dimitrov, A., Litov, L., Pavlov, B., Petkov, P., Petrov, A., Qian, S. J., Bernal, C., Cabrera, A., Fraga, J., Sarkar, A., Elsayed, S., Assran, Y., El Sawy, M., Mahmoud, M. A., Mohammed, Y., Chen, X., Combaret, C., Gouzevitch, M., Grenier, G., Laktineh, I., Mirabito, L., Shchablo, K., Bagaturia, I., Lomidze, D., Lomidze, I., Bhatnagar, V., Gupta, R., Kumari, P., Singh, J., Amoozegar, V., Boghrati, B., Ebraimi, M., Ghasemi, R., Najafabadi, M. Mohammadi, Zareian, E., Abbrescia, M., Aly, R., Elmetenawee, W., De Filippis, N., Gelmi, A., Iaselli, G., Leszki, S., Loddo, F., Margjeka, I., Pugliese, G., Ramos, D., Benussi, L., Bianco, S., Piccolo, D., Buontempo, S., Di Crescenzo, A., Fienga, F., De Lellis, G., Lista, L., Meola, S., Paolucci, P., Braghieri, A., Salvini, P., Montagna, P., Riccardi, C., Vitulo, P., Francois, B., Kim, T. J., Park, J., Choi, S. Y., Hong, B., Lee, K. S., Goh, J., Lee, H., Eysermans, J., Estrada, C. Uribe, Pedraza, I., Castilla-Valdez, H., Sanchez-Hernandez, A., Herrera, C. A. Mondragon, Navarro, D. A. Perez, Sanchez, G. A. Ayala, Carrillo, S., Vazquez, E., Radi, A., Ahmad, A., Asghar, I., Hoorani, H., Muhammad, S., Shah, M. A., and Crotty, I.
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μ\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\mu $$\end{document}TCA ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Computer science ,data acquisition ,Optical link ,iRPC ,STRIPS ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Data acquisition ,law ,GBT ,0103 physical sciences ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,010306 general physics ,dimension: 2 ,SC ,Compact Muon Solenoid ,time resolution ,BEE ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,business.industry ,CMS ,Detector ,Gigabit Ethernet ,resistive plate chamber ,electronics: communications ,DAQ ,Upgrade ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,efficiency ,electronics: readout ,Transceiver ,control system ,business ,Computer hardware ,TTC ,electronics: design ,muon: spectrometer - Abstract
To complement and ensure redundancy in the endcap muon system of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector and to extend the Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) system coverage, improved RPCs (iRPCs) with either orthogonal layer strips with one-end electronics or single layer strips with two-end electronics providing more precise time measurement will be installed in the very forward pseudorapidity region of $$|\eta
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- 2021
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30. Response of a CMS HGCAL silicon-pad electromagnetic calorimeter prototype to 20-300 GeV positrons
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B. Acar, G. Adamov, C. Adloff, S. Afanasiev, N. Akchurin, B. Akgün, F.A. Khan, M. Alhusseini, J. Alison, A. Alpana, G. Altopp, M. Alyari, S. An, S. Anagul, I. Andreev, P. Aspell, I.O. Atakisi, O. Bach, A. Baden, G. Bakas, A. Bakshi, S. Bannerjee, P. Bargassa, D. Barney, F. Beaudette, F. Beaujean, E. Becheva, A. Becker, P. Behera, A. Belloni, T. Bergauer, M. Besancon, S. Bhattacharya, D. Bhowmik, B. Bilki, P. Bloch, A. Bodek, M. Bonanomi, A. Bonnemaison, S. Bonomally, J. Borg, F. Bouyjou, N. Bower, D. Braga, J. Brashear, E. Brondolin, P. Bryant, A. Buchot Perraguin, J. Bueghly, B. Burkle, A. Butler-Nalin, O. Bychkova, S. Callier, D. Calvet, X. Cao, A. Cappati, B. Caraway, S. Caregari, A. Cauchois, L. Ceard, Y.C. Cekmecelioglu, S. Cerci, G. Cerminara, M. Chadeeva, N. Charitonidis, R. Chatterjee, Y.M. Chen, Z. Chen, H.J. Cheng, K.y. Cheng, S. Chernichenko, H. Cheung, C.H. Chien, S. Choudhury, D. Čoko, G. Collura, F. Couderc, M. Danilov, D. Dannheim, W. Daoud, P. Dauncey, A. David, G. Davies, O. Davignon, E. Day, P. DeBarbaro, F. De Guio, C. de La Taille, M. De Silva, P. Debbins, M.M. Defranchis, E. Delagnes, J.M. Deltoro Berrio, G. Derylo, P.G. Dias de Almeida, D. Diaz, P. Dinaucourt, J. Dittmann, M. Dragicevic, S. Dugad, F. Dulucq, I. Dumanoglu, V. Dutta, S. Dutta, M. Dünser, J. Eckdahl, T.K. Edberg, M. El Berni, F. Elias, S.C. Eno, Y. Ershov, P. Everaerts, S. Extier, F. Fahim, C. Fallon, G. Fedi, B.A. Fontana Santos Alves, E. Frahm, G. Franzoni, J. Freeman, T. French, P. Gandhi, S. Ganjour, X. Gao, A. Garcia-Bellido, F. Gastaldi, Z. Gecse, Y. Geerebaert, H. Gerwig, O. Gevin, S. Ghosh, A. Gilbert, W. Gilbert, K. Gill, C. Gingu, S. Gninenko, A. Golunov, I. Golutvin, T. Gonzalez, N. Gorbounov, L. Gouskos, A.B. Gray, Y. Gu, F. Guilloux, Y. Guler, E. Gülmez, J. Guo, E. Gurpinar Guler, M. Hammer, H.M. Hassanshahi, K. Hatakeyama, A. Heering, V. Hegde, U. Heintz, N. Hinton, J. Hirschauer, J. Hoff, W.-S. Hou, X. Hou, H. Hua, J. Incandela, A. Irshad, C. Isik, S. Jain, H.R. Jheng, U. Joshi, V. Kachanov, A. Kalinin, L. Kalipoliti, A. Kaminskiy, A. Kapoor, O. Kara, A. Karneyeu, M. Kaya, O. Kaya, A. Kayis Topaksu, A. Khukhunaishvili, J. Kiesler, M. Kilpatrick, S. Kim, K. Koetz, T. Kolberg, O.K. Köseyan, A. Kristić, M. Krohn, K. Krüger, N. Kulagin, S. Kulis, S. Kunori, C.M. Kuo, V. Kuryatkov, S. Kyre, Y. Lai, K. Lamichhane, G. Landsberg, C. Lange, J. Langford, M.Y. Lee, A. Levin, A. Li, B. Li, J.H. Li, Y.Y. Li, H. Liao, D. Lincoln, L. Linssen, R. Lipton, Y. Liu, A. Lobanov, R.-S. Lu, M. Lupi, I. Lysova, A.-M. Magnan, F. Magniette, A. Mahjoub, A.A. Maier, A. Malakhov, S. Mallios, I. Mandjavize, M. Mannelli, J. Mans, A. Marchioro, A. Martelli, G. Martinez, P. Masterson, B. Meng, T. Mengke, A. Mestvirishvili, I. Mirza, S. Moccia, G.B. Mohanty, F. Monti, I. Morrissey, S. Murthy, J. Musić, Y. Musienko, S. Nabili, A. Nagar, M. Nguyen, A. Nikitenko, D. Noonan, M. Noy, K. Nurdan, C. Ochando, B. Odegard, N. Odell, H. Okawa, Y. Onel, W. Ortez, J. Ozegović, S. Ozkorucuklu, E. Paganis, D. Pagenkopf, V. Palladino, S. Pandey, F. Pantaleo, C. Papageorgakis, I. Papakrivopoulos, J. Parshook, N. Pastika, M. Paulini, P. Paulitsch, T. Peltola, R. Pereira Gomes, H. Perkins, P. Petiot, T. Pierre-Emile, F. Pitters, E. Popova, H. Prosper, M. Prvan, I. Puljak, H. Qu, T. Quast, R. Quinn, M. Quinnan, M.T. Ramos Garcia, K.K. Rao, K. Rapacz, L. Raux, G. Reichenbach, M. Reinecke, M. Revering, A. Roberts, T. Romanteau, A. Rose, M. Rovere, A. Roy, P. Rubinov, R. Rusack, V. Rusinov, V. Ryjov, O.M. Sahin, R. Salerno, A.M. Sanchez Rodriguez, R. Saradhy, T. Sarkar, M.A. Sarkisla, J.B. Sauvan, I. Schmidt, M. Schmitt, E. Scott, C. Seez, F. Sefkow, S. Sharma, I. Shein, A. Shenai, R. Shukla, E. Sicking, P. Sieberer, P. Silva, A.E. Simsek, Y. Sirois, V. Smirnov, U. Sozbilir, E. Spencer, A. Steen, J. Strait, N. Strobbe, J.W. Su, E. Sukhov, L. Sun, D. Sunar Cerci, C. Syal, B. Tali, C.L. Tan, J. Tao, I. Tastan, T. Tatli, R. Thaus, S. Tekten, D. Thienpont, E. Tiras, M. Titov, D. Tlisov, U.G. Tok, J. Troska, L.-S. Tsai, Z. Tsamalaidze, G. Tsipolitis, A. Tsirou, N. Tyurin, S. Undleeb, D. Urbanski, V. Ustinov, A. Uzunian, M. Van de Klundert, J. Varela, M. Velasco, O. Viazlo, M.V. Barreto Pinto, P. Vichoudis, T. Virdee, R. Vizinho de Oliveira, J. Voelker, E. Voirin, M. Vojinovic, A. Wade, C. Wang, F. Wang, X. Wang, Z. Wang, M. Wayne, S.N. Webb, A. Whitbeck, D. White, R. Wickwire, J.S. Wilson, D. Winter, H.y. Wu, L. Wu, M. Wulansatiti Nursanto, C.H. Yeh, R. Yohay, D. Yu, G.B. Yu, S.S. Yu, C. Yuan, F. Yumiceva, I. Yusuff, A. Zacharopoulou, N. Zamiatin, A. Zarubin, S. Zenz, A. Zghiche, H. Zhang, J. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Organisation de Micro-Électronique Générale Avancée (OMEGA), and CMS HGCAL
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Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,electromagnetic [calorimeter] ,energy resolution ,FOS: Physical sciences ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,design [detector] ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,Calorimeters ,[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex] ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,ddc:610 ,Detectors and Experimental Techniques ,Instrumentation ,physics.ins-det ,spatial resolution ,Mathematical Physics ,detector: design ,irradiation ,Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics ,hep-ex ,CMS ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,Si microstrip and pad detectors ,calorimeter: electromagnetic ,angular resolution ,electronics: readout ,Physics::Accelerator Physics ,semiconductor detector ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,readout [electronics] ,Particle Physics - Experiment ,performance - Abstract
Journal of Instrumentation 17(05), P05022 (2022). doi:10.1088/1748-0221/17/05/P05022, The Compact Muon Solenoid collaboration is designing a new high-granularity endcap calorimeter, HGCAL, to be installed later this decade. As part of this development work, a prototype system was built, with an electromagnetic section consisting of 14 double-sided structures, providing 28 sampling layers. Each sampling layer has an hexagonal module, where a multipad large-area silicon sensor is glued between an electronics circuit board and a metal baseplate. The sensor pads of approximately 1.1 cm$^{2}$ are wire-bonded to the circuit board and are readout by custom integrated circuits. The prototype was extensively tested with beams at CERN's Super Proton Synchrotron in 2018. Based on the data collected with beams of positrons, with energies ranging from 20 to 300 GeV, measurements of the energy resolution and linearity, the position and angular resolutions, and the shower shapes are presented and compared to a detailed Geant4 simulation., Published by Inst. of Physics, London
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31. Machine Learning for Real-Time Processing of ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimeter Signals with FPGAs
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Chiedde, Nemer, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimeter
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data analysis method ,p p: scattering ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,neural network ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Missing Transverse Energy studies ,energy resolution ,FOS: Physical sciences ,programming ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Calorimeters ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,numerical methods ,Digital signal processing (DSP) ,[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex] ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,Detectors and Experimental Techniques ,numerical calculations ,physics.ins-det ,Instrumentation ,Mathematical Physics ,FPGA ,hep-ex ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,ATLAS ,pile-up ,Data processing methods ,electronics: readout ,Physics::Accelerator Physics ,calorimeter: liquid argon ,Particle Physics - Experiment ,performance - Abstract
The ATLAS experiment at CERN measures energy of proton-proton (p-p) collisions with a repetition frequency of 40 MHz at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The readout electronics of liquid-argon (LAr) calorimeters are being prepared for high luminosity-LHC (HL-LHC) operation as part of the phase-II upgrade, anticipating a pileup of up to 200 simultaneous p-p interactions. The increase of the number of p-p interactions implies that calorimeter signals of up to 25 consecutive collisions overlap, making energy reconstruction more challenging. In order to achieve the goal of the HL-HLC, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are used to process digitized pulses sampled at 40 MHz in real time and different machine learning approaches are being investigated to deal with signal pileup. The convolutional and recurrent neural networks outperform the optimal signal filter currently in use, both in terms of assigning the reconstructed energy to the correct proton bunch crossing and in terms of energy resolution. The enhancements are focused on energy obtained from overlapping pulses. Because the neural networks are implemented on an FPGA, the number of parameters, resource usage, latency and operation frequency must be carefully analysed. A very good agreement is observed between neural network implementations in FPGA and software., Comment: TWEPP-2021, http://cds.cern.ch/record/2784637
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- 2021
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32. OMEGA SiPM readout ASICs
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F. Dulucq, L. Raux, G. Martin-Chassard, J.-B. Cizel, S. Ahmad, S. Conforti, J. Fleury, S. Blin, S. Callier, D. Thienpont, N. Seguin-Moreau, C. de la Taille, Organisation de Micro-Électronique Générale Avancée (OMEGA), and École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)
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Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,business.industry ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,SiPM ,Detector ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Omega ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Silicon photomultiplier ,0103 physical sciences ,electronics: readout ,integrated circuit: design ,Optoelectronics ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,particle physics ,business ,Instrumentation ,activity report ,Photo detectors - Abstract
International audience; The paper describes various multi-channel ASICs designed by OMEGA laboratory and WEEROC company to readout SiPM or MPPC-based detectors used in particle physics or astrophysics experiments.
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- 2021
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33. PCI-express based high-speed readout for the BelleII DAQ upgrade
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E. Plaige, Takuto Kunigo, G. S. Varner, R. Itoh, E. Jules, Takeo Higuchi, Kurtis Nishimura, D. Biswas, M. Taurigna, Satoru Yamada, Q. D. Zhou, Ryohei Sugiura, Y.-T. Lai, M. Nakao, D. Charlet, P. Robbe, P.J. Kapusta, O. Hartbrich, Martin Florian Bessner, S. Y. Suzuki, Harsh Purwar, Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Computer science ,Interface (computing) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,data acquisition (DAQ) ,BELLE ,DMA ,computer.software_genre ,01 natural sciences ,programming ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Data acquisition ,Gate array ,0103 physical sciences ,PCI express ,[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex] ,PCIe40 ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Direct memory access ,FPGA ,PCI Express ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,business.industry ,Firmware ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,trigger ,Dead time ,stability ,Upgrade ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,efficiency ,Index Terms-Belle II ,electronics: readout ,control system ,business ,computer ,high-speed readout system ,Computer hardware ,data acquisition: upgrade ,performance ,electronics: design - Abstract
Belle II is a new-generation B-factory experiment, dedicated to exploring new physics beyond the standard model of elementary particles in the flavor sector. Belle II started data-taking in April 2018, using a synchronous data acquisition (DAQ) system based on pipelined trigger flow control. The Belle II DAQ system is designed to handle a 30-kHz trigger rate with approximately 1% of dead time, under the assumption of a raw event size of 1 MB. The DAQ system is reliable, and the overall data-taking efficiency reached 84.2% during the run period of January 2020–June 2020. The current readout system cannot be operated in the terms of ten years from the viewpoint of DAQ maintainability; meanwhile, the readout system is obstructing high-speed data transmission. A solution involving a peripheral component interconnect (PCI)-express-based readout module with high data throughput of up to 100 Gb/s was adopted to upgrade the Belle II DAQ system. We particularly focused on the design of firmware and software based on this new generation of readout board, called PCIe40, with an Altera Arria 10 field-programmable gate array chip. The 48-Gb transceiver (GBT) serial links, PCI-express hard IP-based direct memory access (DMA) architecture, interface of timing and trigger distribution system, and slow control system were designed to integrate with the current Belle II DAQ system. This article describes the performances accomplished during the data readout and slow control tests conducted using a test bench and a demonstration performed using on-site front-end electronics, specifically involving Belle II TOP and KLM subdetectors.
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- 2021
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34. Front-end electronics for CMS iRPC detectors
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Junghwan Goh, Suyong Choi, M. A. Mahmoud, Sabino Meola, Rajat Gupta, Y. Mohammed, E. Zareian, Michael Tytgat, Paolo Vitulo, Stefano Bianco, Konstantin Shchablo, Leander Litov, Iuri Bagaturia, M. A. Shah, Alberto Santoro, C. A. Mondragon Herrera, Cristina Riccardi, S. Fonseca De Souza, A. Radi, Pierluigi Paolucci, Gabriella Pugliese, A. Di Crescenzo, Heriberto Castilla-Valdez, Tae Jeong Kim, M. El Sawy, Anton Dimitrov, F. Marujo, I. Asghar, Helio Nogima, D. De Jesus Damiao, C. Combaret, Jasvinder A. Singh, D. Ramos, S. Leszki, S. Carrillo, Mircho Rodozov, Roumyana Hadjiiska, N. Zaganidis, Plamen Iaydjiev, Isabel Pedraza, D. Lomidze, Yasser Assran, Salvatore Buontempo, Reham Aly, G. De Lellis, N. De Filippis, V. Amoozegar, R. Ghasemi, Peicho Petkov, M. Ebraimi, Laurent Mirabito, S. Elsayed, E. Vazquez, E. M. Da Costa, Maxime Gouzevitch, Aleksandar Aleksandrov, Paolo Montagna, J. Park, C. Uribe Estrada, S. Muhammad, Ashfaq Ahmad, I. Crotty, G. Grenier, Luca Lista, Jorge Fraga, Walaa Elmetenawee, F. Loddo, Miroslav Bonchev, D. A. Perez Navarro, Irakli Lomidze, Ilirjan Margjeka, Brieuc Francois, X. Chen, Imad Baptiste Laktineh, Anton Petrov, H. Lee, Paola Salvini, A. Samalan, Amal Sarkar, A. Sanchez-Hernandez, Andrea Gelmi, G. A. Ayala Sanchez, Mariana Shopova, Jan Eysermans, K. S. Lee, Priyanka Kumari, Giuseppe Iaselli, Georgi Sultanov, B. Boghrati, Luigi Benussi, Hafeez R Hoorani, M. Mohammadi Najafabadi, A. Braghieri, Si-Jin Qian, Andrés Cabrera, Davide Piccolo, Borislav Pavlov, Vipin Bhatnagar, Gilvan Alves, Francesco Fienga, Byung-Sik Hong, Marcello Abbrescia, C. Bernal, F. Torres Da Silva De Araujo, Shchablo, K., Samalan, A., Tytgat, M., Zaganidis, N., Alves, G. A., Marujo, F., Araujo, F. Torres Da Silva De, Costa, E. M. Da, Damiao, D. De Jesu, Nogima, H., Santoro, A., Souza, S. Fonseca De, Aleksandrov, A., Hadjiiska, R., Iaydjiev, P., Rodozov, M., Shopova, M., Sultanov, G., Bonchev, M., Dimitrov, A., Litov, L., Pavlov, B., Petkov, P., Petrov, A., Qian, S. J., Bernal, C., Cabrera, A., Fraga, J., Sarkar, A., Elsayed, S., Assran, Y., Sawy, M. El, Mahmoud, M. A., Mohammed, Y., Chen, X., Combaret, C., Gouzevitch, M., Grenier, G., Laktineh, I., Mirabito, L., Bagaturia, I., Lomidze, D., Lomidze, I., Bhatnagar, V., Gupta, R., Kumari, P., Singh, J., Amoozegar, V., Boghrati, B., Ebraimi, M., Ghasemi, R., Najafabadi, M. Mohammadi, Zareian, E., Abbrescia, M., Aly, R., Elmetenawee, W., Filippis, N. De, Gelmi, A., Iaselli, G., Leszki, S., Loddo, F., Margjeka, I., Pugliese, G., Ramos, D., Benussi, L., Bianco, S., Piccolo, D., Buontempo, S., Di Crescenzo, A., Fienga, F., De Lellis, G., Lista, L., Meola, S., Paolucci, P., Braghieri, A., Salvini, P., Montagna, P., Riccardi, C., Vitulo, P., Francois, B., Kim, T. J., Park, J., Choi, S. Y., Hong, B., Lee, K. S., Goh, J., Lee, H., Eysermans, J., Estrada, C. Uribe, Pedraza, I., Castilla-Valdez, H., Sanchez-Hernandez, A., Herrera, C. A. Mondragon, Navarro, D. A. Perez, Sanchez, G. A. Ayala, Carrillo, S., Vazquez, E., Radi, A., Ahmad, A., Asghar, I., Hoorani, H., Muhammad, S., Shah, M. A., Crotty, I., Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and CMS
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Materials science ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,ionization: yield ,01 natural sciences ,Front end electronics ,0103 physical sciences ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,Detectors and Experimental Techniques ,Instrumentation ,time resolution ,Mathematical Physics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,irradiation ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,business.industry ,CMS ,Detector ,Electrical engineering ,integrated circuit ,resistive plate chamber ,electrode ,spectrometer: upgrade ,efficiency ,electronics: readout ,business ,performance ,electronics: design ,muon: spectrometer - Abstract
A new generation of resistive plate chambers, capable of withstanding high particle fluxes (up to 2000 Hz · cm-2) and instrumented with precise timing readout electronics is proposed to equip two of the four high pseudorapidity stations of the CMS muon system. Double-gap RPC detectors, with each gap made of two 1.4 mm High Pressure Laminate electrodes and separated by a gas gap of the same thickness, are proposed. The new layout reduces the amount of the avalanche charge produced by the passage of a charged particle through the detector. This improves the RPC rate capability by reducing the needed time to collect this charge. To keep the RPC efficiency high, a sensitive, low-noise and high time resolution front-end electronics is needed to cope with the lower charge signal of the new RPC. An ASIC called PETIROC that has all these characteristics has been selected to read out the strips of new chambers. Thin (0.6 mm) printed circuit board, 160 cm long, equipped with pickup strips of 0.75 cm average pitch, will be inserted between the two new RPC's gaps. The strips will be read out from both ends, and the arrival time difference of the two ends will be used to determine the hit position along the strip. Results from the improved RPC equipped with the new readout system and exposed to cosmic muons in the high irradiation environment at CERN GIF++ facility are presented in this work.
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- 2021
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35. Comparative evaluation of analogue front-end designs for the CMS Inner Tracker at the High Luminosity LHC
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Tracker Group of the CMS Collaboration, Adam, W., Janssen, X., Asilar, E., Baulieu, G., Boudoul, G., Caponetto, L., Chanon, N., Contardo, D., Dené, P., Dupasquier, T., Galbit, G., Jain, S., Kello, T., Lumb, N., Mirabito, L., Nodari, B., Perries, S., Vander Donckt, M., Viret, S., Feld, Lutz, Karpinski, Waclaw, Klein, Katja, Lipinski, Martin, Lelek, A., Louis, D., Meuser, Danilo, Pauls, Alexander, Pierschel, Gerhard, Rauch, Max Philip, Röwert, Nicolas, Schulz, Johannes, Teroerde, Marius, Wlochal, Michael, Dziwok, Christian, Van Mechelen, P., Flügge, Günter, Pooth, Oliver, Stahl, Achim, Ziemons, Tim Matthias, Cheng, C., Connor, P., De Wit, A., Eckerlin, G., Eckstein, D., Gallo, E., Van Putte, S., Guthoff, M., Harb, A., Kleinwort, C., Mankel, R., Maser, H., Meyer, M., Muhl, C., Mussgiller, A., Otarid, Y., Pitzl, D., Van Remortel, N., Reichelt, O., Savitskyi, M., Stever, R., Tonon, N., Velyka, A., Walsh, R., Wang, Q., Zuber, A., Benecke, A., Biskop, H., Blekman, F., Buhmann, P., Eich, M., Feindt, F., Froehlich, A., Garutti, E., Gunnellini, P., Hajheidari, M., Haller, J., Hinzmann, A., Jabusch, H., Delcourt, M., Kasieczka, G., Klanner, R., Kutzner, V., Lange, T., Martens, S., Mrowietz, M., Niemeyer, C., Nissan, Y., Pena, K., Rieger, O., D’Hondt, J., Schleper, P., Schwandt, J., Schwarz, D., Sonneveld, J., Steinbrück, G., Tews, A., Vormwald, B., Wellhausen, J., Zoi, I., Abbas, M., Lowette, S., Ardila, L., Balzer, M., Barvich, T., Blank, T., Butz, E., Caselle, M., De Boer, W., Dierlamm, A., Droll, A., El Morabit, K., Bergauer, T., Moortgat, S., Hartmann, F., Husemann, U., Koppenhöfer, R., Maier, S., Mallows, S., Mehner, T., Metzler, M., Müller-Gosewisch, J. O., Muller, Th., Neufeld, M., Morton, A., Nürnberg, A., Sander, O., Schröder, M., Shvetsov, I., Simonis, H. J., Stanulla, J., Steck, P., Wassmer, M., Weber, M., Weddigen, A., Muller, D., Wittig, F., Anagnostou, G., Assiouras, P., Daskalakis, G., Kazas, I., Kyriakis, A., Loukas, D., Balázs, T., Márton, K., Siklér, F., Sahasransu, A. R., Veszprémi, V., Das, A., Kar, C., Mal, P., Mohanty, R., Saha, P., Swain, S., Bhardwaj, A., Jain, C., Jain, G., Sørensen Bols, E., Kumar, A., Ranjan, K., Saumya, S., Bhattacharya, R., Dutta, S., Palit, P., Saha, G., Sarkar, S., Cariola, P., Creanza, D., Allard, Y., de Palma, M., De Robertis, G., Fiore, L., Ince, M., Loddo, F., Maggi, G., Martiradonna, S., Mongelli, M., My, S., Selvaggi, G., Beghin, D., Silvestris, L., Albergo, S., Costa, S., Di Mattia, A., Potenza, R., Saizu, M. A., Tricomi, A., Tuve, C., Barbagli, G., Brianzi, M., Bilin, B., Cassese, A., Ceccarelli, R., Ciaranfi, R., Ciulli, V., Civinini, C., D’Alessandro, R., Fiori, F., Focardi, E., Latino, G., Lenzi, P., Clerbaux, B., Lizzo, M., Meschini, M., Paoletti, S., Seidita, R., Sguazzoni, G., Viliani, L., Ferro, F., Robutti, E., Brivio, F., Dinardo, M. E., De Lentdecker, G., Dini, P., Gennai, S., Guzzi, L., Malvezzi, S., Menasce, D., Moroni, L., Pedrini, D., Zuolo, D., Azzi, P., Bacchetta, N., Blöch, D., Deng, W., Bortignon, P., Bisello, D., Dorigo, T., Tosi, M., Yarar, H., Gaioni, L., Manghisoni, M., Ratti, L., Re, V., Riceputi, E., Favart, L., Traversi, G., Asenov, P., Baldinelli, G., Bianchi, F., Bilei, G. M., Bizzaglia, S., Caprai, M., Checcucci, B., Ciangottini, D., Fanò, L., Grebenyuk, A., Farnesini, L., Ionica, M., Magherini, M., Mantovani, G., Mariani, V., Menichelli, M., Morozzi, A., Moscatelli, F., Passeri, D., Piccinelli, A., Hohov, D., Placidi, P., Rossi, A., Santocchia, A., Spiga, D., Storchi, L., Tedeschi, T., Turrioni, C., Azzurri, P., Bagliesi, G., Basti, A., Kalsi, A., Beccherle, R., Bertacchi, V., Bianchini, L., Boccali, T., Bosi, F., Castaldi, R., Ciocci, M. A., Dell’Orso, R., Donato, S., Giassi, A., Khalilzadeh, A., Grippo, M. T., Ligabue, F., Magazzu, G., Manca, E., Mandorli, G., Massa, M., Mazzoni, E., Messineo, A., Moggi, A., Morsani, F., Mahdavikhorrami, M., Palla, F., Parolia, S., Raffaelli, F., Ramirez Sanchez, G., Rizzi, A., Roy Chowdhury, S., Spagnolo, P., Tenchini, R., Tonelli, G., Venturi, A., Makarenko, I., Verdini, P. G., Bellan, R., Coli, S., Costa, M., Covarelli, R., Dellacasa, G., Demaria, N., Garbolino, S., Grippo, M., Migliore, E., Moureaux, L., Monteil, E., Monteno, M., Ortona, G., Pacher, L., Rivetti, A., Solano, A., Vagnerini, A., Duarte Campderros, J., Fernandez, M., Garcia Alonso, A., Popov, A., Gomez, G., Gonzalez Sanchez, F. J., Jaramillo Echeverria, R., Moya, D., Ruiz Jimeno, A., Scodellaro, L., Vila, I., Virto, A. L., Vizan Garcia, J. M., Abbaneo, D., Dragicevic, M., Postiau, N., Ahmed, I., Albert, E., Almeida, J., Barinoff, M., Batista Lopes, J., Bergamin, G., Blanchot, G., Boyer, F., Caratelli, A., Carnesecchi, R., Robert, F., Ceresa, D., Christiansen, J., Cichy, K., Curras Rivera, E., Daguin, J., Detraz, S., Dudek, M., Emriskova, Natalia, Faccio, F., Frank, N., Song, Z., French, T., Hollos, A., Hugo, G., Kaplon, J., Kerekes, Z., Kloukinas, K., Koss, N., Kottelat, L., Koukola, D., Kovacs, M., Thomas, L., La Rosa, A., Lenoir, P., Loos, R., Marchioro, A., Mateos Dominguez, I., Mersi, S., Michelis, S., Millet, A., Onnela, A., Orfanelli, S., Vanlaer, P., Pakulski, T., Papadopoulos, A., Perez, A., Perez Gomez, F., Pernot, J. F., Petagna, P., Piazza, Q., Rose, P., Scarfì, S., Sinani, M., Vannerom, D., Tavares Rego, R., Tropea, P., Troska, J., Tsirou, A., Vasey, F., Vichoudis, P., Zografos, A., Bertl, W., Caminada, L., Ebrahimi, A., Erdmann, W., Horisberger, R., Kaestli, H. C., Kotlinski, D., Langenegger, U., Meier, B., Missiroli, M., Noehte, L., Rohe, T., Streuli, S., Wang, H., Androsov, K., Backhaus, M., Becker, R., Berger, P., di Calafiori, D., Calandri, A., Djambazov, L., Donega, M., Dorfer, C., Glessgen, F., Yang, Y., Grab, C., Hits, D., Lustermann, W., Meinhard, M., Perovic, V., Reichmann, M., Ristic, B., Roeser, U., Ruini, D., Sörensen, J., Bethani, A., Wallny, R., Bösiger, K., Brzhechko, D., Canelli, F., Cormier, K., Del Burgo, R., Huwiler, M., Jofrehei, A., Kilminster, B., Leontsinis, S., Frühwirth, R., Bruno, G., Macchiolo, A., Molinatti, U., Maier, R., Mikuni, V., Neutelings, I., Reimers, A., Robmann, P., Takahashi, Y., Wolf, D., Chen, P. H., Bury, F., Hou, W. S., Lu, R. S., Clement, E., Cussans, D., Goldstein, J., Seif El Nasr-Storey, S., Stylianou, N., Coughlan, J. A., Harder, K., Holmberg, M. L., Caputo, C., Manolopoulos, K., Schuh, T., Tomalin, I. R., Bainbridge, R., Borg, J., Brown, C., Fedi, G., Hall, G., Monk, D., Pesaresi, M., David, P., Uchida, K., Coldham, K., Cole, J., Ghorbani, M., Khan, A., Kyberd, P., Reid, I. D., Bartek, R., Dominguez, A., Uniyal, R., Deblaere, A., Vargas Hernandez, A. M., Benelli, G., Burkle, B., Coubez, X., Heintz, U., Hinton, N., Hogan, J., Honma, A., Korotkov, A., Li, D., Delaere, C., Lukasik, M., Narain, M., Sagir, S., Simpson, F., Spencer, E., Usai, E., Voelker, J., Wong, W. Y., Zhang, W., Cannaert, E., Donertas, I. S., Chertok, M., Conway, J., Haza, G., Hemer, D., Jensen, F., Thomson, J., Wei, W., Welton, T., Yohay, R., Zhang, F., Giammanco, A., Hanson, G., Si, W., Chang, P., Cooperstein, S. B., Deelen, N., Gerosa, R., Giannini, L., Krutelyov, S., Sathia, B. N., Sharma, V., Lemaitre, V., Tadel, M., Yagil, A., Dutta, V., Gouskos, L., Incandela, J., Kilpatrick, M., Kyre, S., Qu, H., Quinnan, M., Cumalat, J. P., Mondal, K., Ford, W. T., MacDonald, E., Perloff, A., Stenson, K., Ulmer, K. A., Wagner, S. R., Alexander, J., Bordlemay Padilla, Y., Bright-Thonney, S., Cheng, Y., Hinger, V., Prisciandaro, J., Cranshaw, D., Datta, A., Filenius, A., Hogan, S., Lantz, S., Monroy, J., Postema, H., Quach, D., Reichert, J., Szilasi, N., Reid, M., Riley, D., Ryd, A., Smolenski, K., Strohman, C., Thom, J., Wittich, P., Zou, R., Bakshi, A., Berry, D. R., Taliercio, A., Burkett, K., Butler, D., Canepa, A., Derylo, G., Dickinson, J., Ghosh, A., Gingu, C., Gonzalez, H., Grünendahl, S., Horyn, L. A., Teklishyn, M., Johnson, M., Klabbers, P., Lei, C. M., Lipton, R., Los, S., Merkel, P., Murat, P., Nahn, S., Ravera, F., Rivera, R., Vischia, P., Spiegel, L., Uplegger, L., Voirin, E., Weber, H. A., Becerril Gonzalez, H., Chen, X., Dittmer, S., Evdokimov, A., Evdokimov, O., Gerber, C. E., Wertz, S., Hofman, D. J., Mills, C., Roy, T., Rudrabhatla, S., Yoo, J., Alhusseini, M., Durgut, S., Nachtman, J., Onel, Y., Rude, C., Brigljević, V., Snyder, C., Yi, K., Amram, O., Eminizer, N., Gritsan, A., Kyriacou, S., Maksimovic, P., Mantilla Suarez, C., Roskes, J., Swartz, M., Ferenček, D., Vami, T., Anguiano, J., Bean, A., Khalil, S., Schmitz, E., Wilson, G., Ivanov, A., Mitchell, T., Modak, A., Taylor, R., Majumder, D., Acosta, J. G., Cremaldi, L. M., Oliveros, S., Perera, L., Summers, D., Bloom, K., Claes, D. R., Fangmeier, C., Golf, F., Joo, C., Mishra, S., Kravchenko, I., Siado, J., Iashvili, I., Kharchilava, A., McLean, C., Nguyen, D., Pekkanen, J., Rappoccio, S., Albert, A., Demiragli, Z., Steininger, H., Roguljić, M., Gastler, D., Hazen, E., Peck, A., Rohlf, J., Li, J., Parker, A., Skinnari, L., Hahn, K., Liu, Y., Sung, K., Starodumov, A., Cardwell, B., Francis, B., Hill, C. S., Wei, K., Malik, S., Norberg, S., Ramirez Vargas, J. E., Chawla, R., Das, S., Jones, M., Šuša, T., Jung, A., Koshy, A., Negro, G., Thieman, J., Cheng, T., Dolen, J., Parashar, N., Ecklund, K. M., Freed, S., Eerola, P., Liu, H., Nussbaum, T., Demina, R., Dulemba, J., Hindrichs, O., Bartz, E., Gandrakotra, A., Gershtein, Y., Halkiadakis, E., Hart, A., Brücken, E., Lath, A., Nash, K., Osherson, M., Schnetzer, S., Stone, R., Eusebi, R., D’Angelo, P., Johns, W., Lampén, T., Martikainen, L., Tuominen, E., Luukka, P., Tuuva, T., Beaumont, W., Agram, J. L., Andrea, J., Apparu, D., Bloch, D., Bonnin, C., Bourgatte, G., Brom, J. M., Chabert, E., Charles, L., Collard, C., Di Croce, D., Dangelser, E., Darej, D., Goerlach, U., Grimault, C., Gross, L., Haas, C., Krauth, M., Nibigira, E., Ollivier-Henry, N., Silva Jiménez, E., CMS Collaboration, Physics, Elementary Particle Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Tracker Group of the CMS Collaboration, Sağır, Sinan, Department of Physics, Helsinki Institute of Physics, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CMS Tracker Group of the, Austrian Science Fund, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, Academy of Finland, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), and European Commission
- Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,radiation-hard electronics ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,upgrade [tracking detector] ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,0203 mechanical engineering ,Front-end electronics for detector readout ,[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex] ,Detectors and Experimental Techniques ,Instrumentation ,physics.ins-det ,Mathematical Physics ,020301 aerospace & aeronautics ,CMS ,Physics ,Analogue electronic circuits ,Particle tracking detectors (Solid-state detectors) ,Radiation-hard electronics ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,High energy physics ,Experimental particle physics ,LHC ,Radiation-hard detectors ,Si microstrip and pad detectors ,Radiation damage to detector materials (solid state) ,radiation: damage ,CMS: upgrade ,tracking detector ,semiconductor detector: design ,semiconductor detector: microstrip ,performance ,Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) ,Top physics ,p p: scattering ,p p: colliding beams ,top: single production ,design [electronics] ,Particle Physics - Experiment ,noise ,FOS: Physical sciences ,114 Physical sciences ,semiconductor detector: pixel ,particle-tracking detectors (sold-state detectors) ,ddc:530 ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,ddc:610 ,design [integrated circuit] ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,front-end electronics for detector read-out ,pixel [semiconductor detector] ,hep-ex ,tracking detector: upgrade ,efficiency ,integrated circuit: design ,electronics: readout ,analog electronic circuits ,readout [electronics] ,electronics: design - Abstract
The Tracker Group of the CMS Collaboration: et al., The CMS Inner Tracker, made of silicon pixel modules, will be entirely replaced prior to the start of the High Luminosity LHC period. One of the crucial components of the new Inner Tracker system is the readout chip, being developed by the RD53 Collaboration, and in particular its analogue front-end, which receives the signal from the sensor and digitizes it. Three different analogue front-ends (Synchronous, Linear, and Differential) were designed and implemented in the RD53A demonstrator chip. A dedicated evaluation program was carried out to select the most suitable design to build a radiation tolerant pixel detector able to sustain high particle rates with high efficiency and a small fraction of spurious pixel hits. The test results showed that all three analogue front-ends presented strong points, but also limitations. The Differential front-end demonstrated very low noise, but the threshold tuning became problematic after irradiation. Moreover, a saturation in the preamplifier feedback loop affected the return of the signal to baseline and thus increased the dead time. The Synchronous front-end showed very good timing performance, but also higher noise. For the Linear front-end all of the parameters were within specification, although this design had the largest time walk. This limitation was addressed and mitigated in an improved design. The analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the three front-ends in the context of the CMS Inner Tracker operation requirements led to the selection of the improved design Linear front-end for integration in the final CMS readout chip., The tracker groups gratefully acknowledge financial support from the following funding agencies: BMWFW and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CERN; MSE and CSF (Croatia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); NKFIA K124850, and Bolyai Fellowship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); INFN (Italy); PAEC (Pakistan); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI and FEDER (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (U.S.A.). Individuals have received support from HFRI (Greece).
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- 2021
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- View/download PDF
36. Architecture and performance of the KM3NeT front-end firmware
- Author
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Suzan Basegmez du Pree, Daan van Eijk, Silvia Celli, Francisco Salesa Greus, Fabrizio Raffaelli, Joao Coelho, E. Tenllado, M. Taiuti, Carlos Maximiliano Mollo, S. Mazzou, Gisela Anton, Diego Real, S. Biagi, Antonio D'Onofrio, Giulia Illuminati, Alessandro Lonardo, E. Tzamariudaki, Alfonso Andres Garcia Soto, Uli Katz, Thijs van Eeden, David Muñoz Pérez, M. Morganti, Jörn Wilms, Thierry Pradier, S. Rivoire, P. Coyle, Imad El Bojaddaini, Zineb Aly, Giacomo Cuttone, M. Perrin-Terrin, Carlo Alessandro Nicolau, H. Brânzaş, Thomas Eberl, Dídac Diego-Tortosa, M. Bouta, K. Pikounis, Paolo Fermani, Gwenhaël de Wasseige, Mario Musumeci, D. Stavropoulos, Vincent van Beveren, S. Colonges, Veronique Van Elewyck, Abdelilah Moussa, Paolo Musico, Tommaso Chiarusi, Miles Lindsey Clark, P.M. Kooijman, R. Muller, S. M. Stellacci, Emanuele Leonora, S. R. Gozzini, M. Ardid, Jose Busto, Bouke Jisse Jung, Michael Kreter, M. Anghinolfi, A. Martini, N. Geißelbrecht, Annarita Margiotta, A. D'Amico, Dario Grasso, T. Thakore, Sara Pulvirenti, Jean Lesrel, Stefano Mastroianni, A. W. Chen, Doriane Drouhin, H. Hamdaoui, Mohamed Chabab, Jutta Schnabel, Giovanna Ferrara, J.J. Hernández-Rey, Jürgen Brunner, Rémy Le Breton, Raffaele Buompane, Damien Dornic, Angelo Orlando, Jos Steijger, Rosanna Cocimano, Irene Sgura, Antonio F. Díaz, Andrea Biagioni, S. Reck, Corinne Donzaud, Barbara Caiffi, Piotr Mijakowski, G. Pellegrini, Michel André, Alin Ilioni, Francesco Simeone, Fabio Marzaioli, Giancarlo Barbarino, M. Richer, Paolo Piattelli, A. Sinopoulou, M. Bendahman, C. Bagatelas, Sandra Zavatarelli, Juan Paris P. Gonzalez, R. Wojaczyński, R. Bruijn, Arnauld Albert, Riccardo Papaleo, Julien Aublin, M. Dörr, G. Androulakis, R. Coniglione, T. Gal, R. Gracia, C. Distefano, Antoine Kouchner, Ofelia Pisanti, Richard Dallier, Daniele Vivolo, D. F. E. Samtleben, A. Hekalo, Mancia Anguita, Matthias Bissinger, A. Zegarelli, Robert Lahmann, J. Hofestädt, Paolo Castaldi, Lilian Martin, Bernardino Spisso, C. Guidi, Pasquale Migliozzi, Jihad Boumaaza, Mitchell O'Sullivan, L. Maderer, R. Donà, Y. Gatelet, Natalia Zywucka, O. Rabyang, Agustin Sanchez Losa, Els Koffeman, Federico Versari, A. Belias, Bruny Baret, Markus Boettcher, Rezo Shanidze, Silvio Cherubini, J. Schumann, Francesco Leone, D. Guderian, D. Tzanetatos, Giorgi Kistauri, Cristiano Bozza, Kay Graf, Karel Melis, Walid Idrissi Ibnsalih, Soebur Razzaque, Piera Sapienza, V. Chiarella, J. Schmelling, G. Pühlhofer, Fabio Longhitano, V. Carretero, Nhan Chau, Piotr Kalaczyński, Giuseppina Larosa, Mauro De Palma, G. Papalashvili, Karl Mannheim, D. Zaborov, Marco Circella, Ahmed Eddyamoui, L. Nauta, Victor Espinosa Rosell, Matteo Sanguineti, Christos Markou, Carmelo Pellegrino, F. Garufi, C. Pieterse, V. Bertin, C. W. James, Alice Paun, M. D. Filipovic, G.E. Păvălaş, C. Poirè, G. Vasileiadis, Daniele Zito, S. Viola, Ankur Sharma, Ornella Leonardi, Maarten De Jong, Marta Colomer Molla, E. Berbee, Sergio Alves Garre, Emilio Migneco, Imanol Corredoira, Ad van den Berg, Nafis Rezwan Khan Chowdhury, Oleg Kalekin, M. Organokov, B. Ó Fearraigh, A. Creusot, Antonio Marinelli, Gennaro Miele, Giorgio Riccobene, Lucio Gialanella, J.D. Zornoza, Nunzio Randazzo, Giuseppe Levi, F. Filippini, Frits van der Knaap, Steven Tingay, Domenico Santonocito, J. Seneca, Michael Moser, Alba Domi, D. Calvo, Massimiliano Lincetto, D. Lopez-Coto, V. Popa, Steffen Hallmann, Hans van Haren, Irene Di Palma, Andrea Santangelo, Yahya Tayalati, Matthias Kadler, Paul de Jong, Peter Jansweijer, C. Pastore, Luis Salvador Miranda Palacios, J. Zúñiga, J.A. Martínez-Mora, Alexis Coleiro, Fabrizio Ameli, Alberto Rovelli, Emidio Giorgio, Vladimir Kulikovskiy, Luigi Antonio Fusco, Antonio Capone, J. Manczak, D. Elsaesser, Maurizio Spurio, E. Buis, F. Huang, A.J. Heijboer, M.C. Bouwhuis, Giuseppe Grella, Sebastiano Aiello, Thomas Lipreau, Els de Wolf, S. Sánchez Navas, Alexander Enzenhoefer, O. Gabella, KM3NeT (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), Aiello, Sebastiano, Albert, Arnauld, Garre, Sergio Alve, Aly, Zineb, Ameli, Fabrizio, Andre, Michel, Androulakis, Giorgo, Anghinolfi, Marco, Anguita, Mancia, Anton, Gisela, Ardid, Miquel, Aublin, Julien, Bagatelas, Christo, Barbarino, Giancarlo, Baret, Bruny, Basegmez du Pree, Suzan, Belias, Anastasio, Bendahman, Meriem, Berbee, Edward, van den Berg, Ad M., Bertin, Vincent, van Beveren, Vincent, Biagi, Simone, Biagioni, Andrea, Bissinger, Matthia, Boettcher, Marku, Boumaaza, Jihad, Bouta, Mohammed, Bouwhuis, Mieke, Bozza, Cristiano, Brânzaş, Horea, Bruijn, Ronald, Brunner, Jurgen, Buis, Ernst-Jan, Buompane, Raffaele, Busto, Jose, Caiffi, Barbara, Calvo, David, Capone, Antonio, Carretero, Victor, Castaldi, Paolo, Celli, Silvia, Chabab, Mohamed, Chau, Nhan, Chen, Andrew W., Cherubini, Silvio, Chiarella, Vitaliano, Chiarusi, Tommaso, Circella, Marco, Cocimano, Rosanna, Coelho, Joao A. B., Coleiro, Alexi, Molla, Marta C., Colonges, Stephane, Coniglione, Rosa, Corredoira, Imanol, Coyle, Paschal, Creusot, Alexandre, Cuttone, Giacomo, Amico, Antonio D’, D’Onofrio, Antonio, Dallier, Richard, De Palma, Mauro, Di Palma, Irene, Díaz, Antonio F., Diego-Tortosa, Didac, Distefano, Carla, Domi, Alba, Donà, Roberto, Donzaud, Corinne, Dornic, Damien, Dörr, Manuel, Drouhin, Doriane, Eberl, Thoma, Eddyamoui, Ahmed, van Eeden, Thij, van Eijk, Daan, El Bojaddaini, Imad, Elsaesser, Dominik, Enzenhoefer, Alexander, Rosell, Victor Espinosa, Fermani, Paolo, Ferrara, Giovanna, Filipović, Miroslav D., Filippini, Francesco, Fusco, Luigi A., Gabella, Omar, Gal, Tama, Soto, Alfonso Andres Garcia, Garufi, Fabio, Gatelet, Yoann, Geißelbrecht, Nicole, Gialanella, Lucio, Giorgio, Emidio, Gozzini, Sara R., Gracia, Rodrigo, Graf, Kay, Grasso, Dario, Grella, Giuseppe, Guderian, Daniel, Guidi, Carlo, Hallmann, Steffen, Hamdaoui, Hassane, van Haren, Han, Heijboer, Aart, Hekalo, Amar, Hernández-Rey, Juan J., Hofestädt, Jannik, Huang, Feifei, Ibnsalih, Walid Idrissi, Ilioni, Alin, Illuminati, Giulia, James, Clancy W., Jansweijer, Peter, de Jong, Maartin, de Jong, Paul, Jung, Bouke Jisse, Kadler, Matthia, Kalaczyński, Piotr, Kalekin, Oleg, Katz, Uli F., Khan Chowdhury, Nafis R., Kistauri, Giorgi, van der Knaap, Frit, Koffeman, Els N., Kooijman, Paul, Kouchner, Antoine, Kreter, Michael, Kulikovskiy, Vladimir, Lahmann, Robert, Larosa, Giuseppina, Le Breton, Remy, Leonardi, Ornella, Leone, Francesco, Leonora, Emanuele, Lesrel, Jean, Levi, Giuseppe, Lincetto, Massimiliano, Lindsey Clark, Mile, Lipreau, Thoma, Lonardo, Alessandro, Longhitano, Fabio, Lopez-Coto, Daniel, Maderer, Luka, Mańczak, Jerzy M., Mannheim, Karl, Margiotta, Annarita, Marinelli, Antonio, Markou, Christo, Martin, Lilian, Martínez-Mora, Juan A., Martini, Agnese, Marzaioli, Fabio, Mastroianni, Stefano, Mazzou, Safaa, Melis, Karel W., Miele, Gennaro, Migliozzi, Pasquale, Migneco, Emilio, Mijakowski, Piotr, Miranda Palacios, Luis S., Mollo, Carlos M., Morganti, Mauro, Moser, Michael, Moussa, Abdelilah, Muller, Rasa, Pérez, David Muñoz, Musico, Paolo, Musumeci, Mario, Nauta, Lodewijk, Navas, Sergio, Nicolau, Carlo A., Fearraigh, Brian Ó., O’Sullivan, Mitchell, Organokov, Mukharbek, Orlando, Angelo, González, Juan Palacio, Papalashvili, Gogita, Papaleo, Riccardo, Pastore, Cosimo, Păun, Alice M., Păvălaş, Gabriela E., Pellegrini, Giuliano, Pellegrino, Carmelo, Perrin-Terrin, Mathieu, Piattelli, Paolo, Pieterse, Camiel, Pikounis, Konstantino, Pisanti, Ofelia, Poirè, Chiara, Popa, Vlad, Pradier, Thierry, Pühlhofer, Gerd, Pulvirenti, Sara, Rabyang, Omphile, Raffaelli, Fabrizio, Randazzo, Nunzio, Razzaque, Soebur, Real, Diego, Reck, Stefan, Riccobene, Giorgio, Richer, Marc, Rivoire, Stephane, Rovelli, Alberto, Salesa Greus, Francisco, Samtleben, Dorothea F. E., Sánchez Losa, Agustin, Sanguineti, Matteo, Santangelo, Andrea E., Santonocito, Domenico, Sapienza, Piera, Schmelling, Jan-Willem, Schnabel, Jutta, Schumann, Johanne, Seneca, Jordan, Sgura, Irene, Shanidze, Rezo, Sharma, Ankur, Simeone, Francesco, Sinopoulou, Anna, Spisso, Bernardino, Spurio, Maurizio, Stavropoulos, Dimitri, Steijger, Jo, Stellacci, Simona Maria, Taiuti, Mauro, Tayalati, Yahya, Tenllado, Enrique, Thakore, Tarak, Tingay, Steven, Tzamariudaki, Ekaterini, Tzanetatos, Dimitrio, Van Elewyck, Veronique, Vasileiadis, George, Versari, Federico, Viola, Salvo, Vivolo, Daniele, de Wasseige, Gwenhael, Wilms, Joern, Wojaczyński, Rafa, de Wolf, El, Zaborov, Dmitry, Zavatarelli, Sandra, Zegarelli, Angela, Zito, Daniele, de Dios Zornoza, Juan, Zúñiga, Juan, Zywucka, Natalia, Aiello, S., Albert, A., Garre, S. A., Aly, Z., Ameli, F., Andre, M., Androulakis, G., Anghinolfi, M., Anguita, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Aublin, J., Bagatelas, C., Barbarino, G., Baret, B., Du Pree, S. B., Belias, A., Bendahman, M., Berbee, E., Van Den Berg, A. M., Bertin, V., Van Beveren, V., Biagi, S., Biagioni, A., Bissinger, M., Boettcher, M., Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M., Bozza, C., Branzas, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Buis, E. -J., Buompane, R., Busto, J., Caiffi, B., Calvo, D., Capone, A., Carretero, V., Castaldi, P., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, N., Chen, A., Cherubini, S., Chiarella, V., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Cocimano, R., Coelho, J. A. B., Coleiro, A., Molla, M. C., Colonges, S., Coniglione, R., Corredoira, I., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Cuttone, G., Amico, A. D., D'Onofrio, A., Dallier, R., De Palma, M., Di Palma, I., Diaz, A. F., Diego-Tortosa, D., Distefano, C., Domi, A., Dona, R., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Doerr, M., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., Eddyamoui, A., Van Eeden, T., Van Eijk, D., El Bojaddaini, I., Elsaesser, D., Enzenhoefer, A., Rosell, V. E., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filipovic, M. D., Filippini, F., Fusco, L. A., Gabella, O., Gal, T., Soto, A. A. G., Garufi, F., Gatelet, Y., Geisselbrecht, N., Gialanella, L., Giorgio, E., Gozzini, S. R., Gracia, R., Graf, K., Grasso, D., Grella, G., Guderian, D., Guidi, C., Hallmann, S., Hamdaoui, H., Van Haren, H., Heijboer, A., Hekalo, A., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hofestadt, J., Huang, F., Ibnsalih, W. I., Ilioni, A., Illuminati, G., James, C. W., Jansweijer, P., De Jong, M., De Jong, P., Jung, B. J., Kadler, M., Kalaczynski, P., Kalekin, O., Katz, U. F., Chowdhury, N. R. K., Kistauri, G., Van Der Knaap, F., Koffeman, E. N., Kooijman, P., Kouchner, A., Kreter, M., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Larosa, G., Le Breton, R., Leonardi, O., Leone, F., Leonora, E., Lesrel, J., Levi, G., Lincetto, M., Clark, M. L., Lipreau, T., Lonardo, A., Longhitano, F., Lopez-Coto, D., Maderer, L., Manczak, J. M., Mannheim, K., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Markou, C., Martin, L., Martinez-Mora, J. A., Martini, A., Marzaioli, F., Mastroianni, S., Mazzou, S., Melis, K. W., Miele, G., Migliozzi, P., Migneco, E., Mijakowski, P., Palacios, L. S. M., Maximiliano Mollo, C., Morganti, M., Moser, M., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Perez, D. M., Musico, P., Musumeci, M., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nicolau, C. A., Fearraigh, B. O., O'Sullivan, M., Organokov, M., Orlando, A., Gonzalez, J. P., Papalashvili, G., Papaleo, R., Pastore, C., Paun, A. M., Pavalas, G. E., Pellegrini, G., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Piattelli, P., Pieterse, C., Pikounis, K., Pisanti, O., Poire, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Puhlhofer, G., Pulvirenti, S., Rabyang, O., Raffaelli, F., Randazzo, N., Razzaque, S., Real, D., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Richer, M., Rivoire, S., Rovelli, A., Salesa Greus, F., Samtleben, D. F. E., Losa, A. S., Sanguineti, M., Santangelo, A. E., Santonocito, D., Sapienza, P., Schmelling, J. -W., Schnabel, J., Schumann, J., Seneca, J., Sgura, I., Shanidze, R., Sharma, A., Simeone, F., Sinopoulou, A., Spisso, B., Spurio, M., Stavropoulos, D., Steijger, J., Stellacci, S. M., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Tenllado, E., Thakore, T., Tingay, S., Tzamariudaki, E., Tzanetatos, D., Van Elewyck, V., Vasileiadis, G., Versari, F., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., De Wasseige, G., Wilms, J., Wojaczynski, R., De Wolf, E., Zaborov, D., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zito, D., De Dios Zornoza, J., Zuniga, J., Zywucka, N., Groupe de Recherche en Physique des Hautes Energies (GRPHE), Institut Universitaire de Technologie de Colmar-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA)), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), KM3NeT, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-IUT de Colmar, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA)), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères = Laboratory for Studies of Radiation and Matter in Astrophysics and Atmospheres (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-15-CE31-0020,DAEMONS,Démonstration de la possibilité d'établir l'ordonnancement des masses de neutrinos dans la mer(2015), ANR-10-LABX-0023,UnivEarthS,Earth - Planets - Universe: observation, modeling, transfer(2010), ANR-18-IDEX-0001,Université de Paris,Université de Paris(2018), Centre Tecnològic de Vilanova i la Geltrú, and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. LAB - Laboratori d'Aplicacions Bioacústiques
- Subjects
Astrofísica ,acquisition firmware ,KM3NeT ,neutrino telescope ,time to digital converters ,Computer science ,data acquisition ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,time-to-digital converter ,computer.software_genre ,Astrophysics ,Neutrino telescope ,01 natural sciences ,Front and back ends ,Time-to-digital converter ,Atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes ,time to digital converter ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Instrumentation ,FPGA ,Clocks ,photomultiplier ,Firmware ,4. Education ,Physics ,Electrical engineering ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Acquisition firmware ,Neutrino ,performance ,Photomultiplier ,Logic ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Physique [physics]/Physique [physics] ,Partícules (Física nuclear) ,010309 optics ,0103 physical sciences ,Quantization ,14. Life underwater ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,Field-programmable gate array ,Cherenkov radiation ,Particles (Nuclear physics) ,Detectors òptics ,Time to digital converters ,Optical detectors ,Control systems ,Photons ,Física [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Telescopis ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Data acquisition ,Field programmable gate arrays ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Physique [physics]/Physique des Hautes Energies - Expérience [hep-ex] ,Space and Planetary Science ,Control and Systems Engineering ,FISICA APLICADA ,electronics: readout ,business ,computer ,Telescopes ,electronics: design - Abstract
The authors acknowledge the financial support of the funding agencies: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (contract ANR-15-CE31-0020), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commission Europeenne (FEDER fund and Marie Curie Program), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), LabEx UnivEarthS (ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-18-IDEX-0001), Paris Ile-de-France Region, France; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia (SRNSFG, FR-18-1268), Georgia; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Germany; The General Secretariat of Research and Technology (GSRT), Greece; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR), PRIN 2017 program (Grant NAT-NET 2017W4HA7S) Italy; Ministry of Higher Education Scientific Research and Professional Training, ICTP through Grant AF-13, Morocco; Nederlandse organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), the Netherlands; The National Science Centre, Poland (2015/18/E/ST2/00758); National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS), Romania; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion, Investigacion y Universidades (MCIU): Programa Estatal de Generacion de Conocimiento (refs. PGC2018-096663-B-C41, -A-C42, -B-C43, -B-C44) (MCIU/FEDER), Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence and MultiDark Consolider (MCIU), Junta de Andalucia (ref. SOMM17/6104/UGR), Generalitat Valenciana: Grisolia (ref. GRISOLIA/2018/119) and GenT (ref. CIDEGENT/2018/034) programs, La Caixa Foundation (ref. LCF/BQ/IN17/11620019), EU: MSC program (ref. 713673), Spain., The KM3NeT infrastructure consists of two deep-sea neutrino telescopes being deployed in the Mediterranean Sea. The telescopes will detect extraterrestrial and atmospheric neutrinos by means of the incident photons induced by the passage of relativistic charged particles through the seawater as a consequence of a neutrino interaction. The telescopes are configured in a three-dimensional grid of digital optical modules, each hosting 31 photomultipliers. The photomultiplier signals produced by the incident Cherenkov photons are converted into digital information consisting of the integrated pulse duration and the time at which it surpasses a chosen threshold. The digitization is done by means of time to digital converters (TDCs) embedded in the field programmable gate array of the central logic board. Subsequently, a state machine formats the acquired data for its transmission to shore. We present the architecture and performance of the front-end firmware consisting of the TDCs and the state machine., French National Research Agency (ANR) ANR-15-CE31-0020, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commission Europeenne (FEDER fund), France, Commission Europeenne (Marie Curie Program), France, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France, LabEx UnivEarthS, France ANR-10-LABX-0023 ANR-18-IDEX-0001, Paris Ile-de-France Region, France, Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia (SRNSFG), Georgia FR-18-1268, German Research Foundation (DFG), Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) NAT-NET 2017W4HA7S, Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR) NAT-NET 2017W4HA7S, PRIN 2017 program Italy NAT-NET 2017W4HA7S, Ministry of Higher Education Scientific Research and Professional Training, ICTP, Morocco AF-13, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Netherlands Government, National Science Centre, Poland 2015/18/E/ST2/00758, National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS), Romania, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion, Investigacion y Universidades (MCIU): Programa Estatal de Generacion de Conocimiento (MCIU/FEDER), Spain PGC2018-096663-B-C41 PGC2018-096663-A-C42 PGC2018-096663-B-C43 PGC2018-096663-B-C44, Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence and MultiDark Consolider (MCIU), Spain, Junta de Andalucia European Commission SOMM17/6104/UGR, Generalitat Valenciana: Grisolia program, Spain GRISOLIA/2018/119, Generalitat Valenciana: GenT program, Spain CIDEGENT/2018/034, La Caixa Foundation LCF/BQ/IN17/11620019, EU: MSC program, Spain 713673
- Published
- 2021
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37. Embedded readout electronics R&D for the large PMTs in the JUNO experiment
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Claudio Lombardo, S. Parmeggiano, Salvatore Costa, Jianrun Hu, Cristina Martellini, Nicomede Pelliccia, D. Corti, Andrea Fabbri, Xiongbo Yan, M. Mezzetto, Paolo Lombardi, Davide Chiesa, A. Garfagnini, Antonio Cammi, Roberto Isocrate, Jianmeng Dong, Anatael Cabrera, Alessandra Re, Jochen Steinmann, Z. Ning, Antonio Bergnoli, Andrea Serafini, Cecilia Landini, Augusto Brigatti, Monica Sisti, Zhang Chen, Jinnan Zhang, Fausto Ortica, S. van Waasen, Z. M. Wang, Giuseppe Verde, Giuseppe Salamanna, F. Li, Agnese Giaz, A. Brugnera, Antonio Budano, Michele Montuschi, Wenlu Wei, Song Chen, Yuman Wang, Richard Ford, M. Bellato, A. Stahl, Y. Yang, Marco Giammarchi, L. Stanco, E. Meroni, W. Bandini, Filippo Marini, P. Saggese, G. Galet, Ivano Lippi, Vitaly Shutov, Vito Antonelli, Alessandro Paoloni, D. Riondino, Barbara Clerbaux, Markus Robens, Cristina Tuve, S. Dusini, Andrey Formozov, Xuefeng Ding, G. Settanta, G. H. Gong, Fabio Mantovani, D. Pedretti, Giovanni Fiorentini, A. Barresi, Massimiliano Nastasi, Ezio Previtali, Barbara Ricci, Agnese Martini, Gioacchino Ranucci, Rossella Caruso, Yury Malyshkin, A. Aiello, A. Andronico, Pierre-Alexandre Petitjean, Chiara Sirignano, Virginia Strati, Xiaoshan Jiang, S. M. Mari, L. Votano, Lino Miramonti, Fatma Sawy, Alexander Olshevskiy, Y. J. Sun, Marco Fargetta, Aldo Romani, Riccardo Bruno, Christian Grewing, Paolo Montini, Marco Grassi, Catia Clementi, F. Dal Corso, Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bellato, M., Bergnoli, A., Brugnera, A., Chen, S., Chen, Z., Clerbaux, B., dal Corso, F., Corti, D., Dong, J., Galet, G., Garfagnini, A., Giaz, A., Gong, G., Grewing, C., Hu, J., Isocrate, R., Jiang, X., Li, F., Lippi, I., Marini, F., Ning, Z., Olshevskiy, A., Pedretti, D., Petitjean, P. A., Robens, M., Shutov, V., Stahl, A., Steinmann, J., Sun, Y., van Waasen, S., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Wei, W., Yan, X., Yang, Y., Aiello, A., Andronico, A., Antonelli, V., Bandini, W., Brigatti, A., Barresi, A., Budano, A., Bruno, R., Cabrera, A., Cammi, A., Caruso, R., Chiesa, D., Clementi, C., Costa, S., Ding, X., Dusini, S., Fabbri, A., Fargetta, M., Fiorentini, G., Ford, R., Formozov, A., Giammarchi, M., Grassi, M., Landini, C., Lombardi, P., Lombardo, C., Malyshkin, Y., Mantovani, F., Mari, S. M., Martellini, C., Martini, A., Meroni, E., Mezzetto, M., Miramonti, L., Montini, P., Montuschi, M., Nastasi, M., Ortica, F., Paoloni, A., Parmeggiano, S., Pelliccia, N., Previtali, E., Ranucci, G., Riondino, D., Re, A. C., Ricci, B., Romani, A., Saggese, P., Salamanna, G., Sawy, F. H., Serafini, A., Settanta, G., Sirignano, C., Sisti, M., Stanco, L., Strati, V., Tuvé, C., Verde, G., Votano, L., and Zhang, J.
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Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Photomultiplier ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Electronics ,Large scale neutrino experiment ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,scintillation counter: liquid ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,NO ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,0103 physical sciences ,[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex] ,ddc:530 ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,010306 general physics ,Electronics, Photomultiplier, Large scale neutrino experiment ,Instrumentation ,Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory ,Physics ,JUNO ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Dynamic range ,business.industry ,Detector ,Electrical engineering ,Linearity ,Analog signal ,electronics: readout ,Neutrino ,business ,performance ,electronics: design - Abstract
Jiangmen Underground neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a next generation liquid scintillator neutrino experiment under construction phase in South China. Thanks to the anti-neutrinos produced by the nearby nuclear power plants, JUNO will primarily study the neutrino mass hierarchy, one of the open key questions in neutrino physics. One key ingredient for the success of the measurement is to use high speed, high resolution sampling electronics located very close to the detector signal. Linearity in the response of the electronics in another important ingredient for the success of the experiment. During the initial design phase of the electronics, a custom design, with the Front-End and Read-Out electronics located very close to the detector analog signal has been developed and successfully tested. The present paper describes the electronics structure and the first tests performed on the prototypes. The electronics prototypes have been tested and they show good linearity response, with a maximum deviation of 1.3% over the full dynamic range (1-1000 p.e.), fulfilling the JUNO experiment requirements., Comment: 20 pages, 15 figures
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- 2021
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38. Development and performance of a compact LumiCal prototype calorimeter for future linear collider experiments
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Borysova, Maryna and FCAL Collaboration
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electron positron ,longitudinal ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,background ,tungsten ,gap ,detector: alignment ,GeV ,luminosity: monitoring ,Automatic Keywords ,statistics ,radiation: length ,synchrotron ,electronics: readout ,Physics::Accelerator Physics ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,linear collider ,electron: beam ,electron: showers ,performance ,calorimeter: sandwich - Abstract
The FCAL collaboration is preparing large-scale prototypes of special calorimeters to be used in the very forward region at future electron-positron colliders for a precise measurement of integrated luminosity and for instant luminosity measurement and assisting beam-tuning. LumiCal is designed as a silicon-tungsten sandwich calorimeter with very thin sensor planes to keep the Moli\`ere radius small, facilitating such the measurement of electron showers in the presence of background. Dedicated front-end electronics has been developed to match the timing and dynamic range requirements. A partially instrumented prototype was investigated in a 1 to 5 GeV electron beam at the DESY II synchrotron. In the recent beam tests, a multi-plane compact prototype was equipped with thin detector planes fully assembled with readout electronics and installed in 1 mm gaps between tungsten plates of one radiation length thickness. High statistics data were used to perform sensor alignment, and to measure the longitudinal and transversal shower development in the sandwich. This talk covers the latest status of the calorimeter prototype development and selected performance results, obtained in test beam measurements, the prospects for the upcoming DESY test beam, as well as the expected simulation performance.
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- 2021
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39. Beam-test evaluation of the precision timing capabilities of a CMS HGCAL prototype
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Axel Buchot Perraguin, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and CMS
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Computer science ,data acquisition ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,measurement methods ,Data acquisition ,Calibration ,[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex] ,photomultiplier: silicon ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,Detectors and Experimental Techniques ,Radiation hardening ,time resolution ,Simulation ,detector: design ,scintillation counter ,Large Hadron Collider ,Luminosity (scattering theory) ,CMS ,Detector ,calibration ,Calorimeter ,Semiconductor detector ,pile-up ,electronics: readout ,semiconductor detector ,calorimeter: upgrade ,performance ,Particle Physics - Experiment ,electronics: design - Abstract
International audience; The existing CMS endcap calorimeters will be replaced by a High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) for operation at the High Luminosity (HL) LHC which will start in 2027. Radiation hardness and excellent physics performance will be achieved by utilising silicon pad sensors and SiPM-on-scintillator tiles with high transverse and longitudinal segmentation. One of the major challenges of the HL-LHC will be the high pile-up environment meaning overlapping interactions, with interaction vertices spread in position and time. In order to efficiently reject particles originating from pile-up, precision timing information of the order of 30 ps for a full shower will be of great benefit. In order to meet such performance goals, the HGCAL will provide timing measurements for individual hits with signals above 12 fC, equivalent to 3-10 Minimum Ionising Particles (MIPs), such that clusters resulting from particles with pT > 5 GeV should have a timing resolution better than 30ps.In order to assess the technical feasibility and physics performance of such a design, beam tests were performed with a prototype of HGCAL silicon modules at the CERN SPS. We present the detector and DAQ components related to the precision timing evaluation, as well as calibration techniques and preliminary results on the timing performance.
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- 2021
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40. Calibration and performance of the readout system based on switched capacitor arrays for the Large-Sized Telescope of the Cherenkov Telescope Array
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Julien Houles, Carlos Delgado, J. Prast, Yuki Iwamura, Daniel Kerszberg, Lea Jouvin, R. Paoletti, Takashi Saito, Reiko Orito, Leyre Nogués, Miguel Polo, Elena Moretti, Shuichi Gunji, Tokonatsu Yamamoto, Oscar Blanch, Akira Okumura, Yuji Sunada, Yukiho Kobayashi, Megumi Suzuki, Julian Sitarek, Seiya Nozaki, Shu Masuda, H. Ohoka, F. Cassol, Tomohiko Oka, Kyosuke Awai, Ruben López-Coto, Kiomei Kawamura, Nadia Fouque, Daniel Mazin, Yukikatsu Terada, Jean-Luc Panazol, T. Nagayoshi, Cristobal Pio, Kenji Tamura, Takeshi Nakamori, Yuto Nogami, Yusuke Konno, Manobu Tanaka, Hidetoshi Kubo, Luis Ángel Tejedor, Lluis Freixas, D. Hadasch, Yuki Choushi, J. Boix, Pawel Gliwny, Aya Bamba, German Martinez, Yusuke Inome, Abelardo Moralejo, Hideaki Katagiri, Yusuke Tsukamoto, Kyoshi Nishijima, Nao Okazaki, Junko Kushida, Masahiro Teshima, Carlos Diaz, Juan Abel Barrio, Mitsunari Takahashi, Dirk L. Hoffmann, Maria Isabel Bernardos, Shunsuke Sakurai, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Cherenkov Telescope Array ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,FOS: Physical sciences ,01 natural sciences ,programming ,law.invention ,010309 optics ,Telescope ,Optics ,law ,Observatory ,0103 physical sciences ,Calibration ,Waveform ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,mirror ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Cherenkov radiation ,activity report ,detector: design ,Physics ,business.industry ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,DRS4 ,Switched capacitor ,calibration ,Cardinal point ,Cherenkov counter ,electronics: readout ,Large-Sized Telescope ,photon: yield ,business ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,switched capacitor array ,performance ,electronics: design - Abstract
The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the next-generation ground-based very-high-energy gamma-ray observatory. The Large-Sized Telescope (LST) of CTA is designed to detect gamma rays between 20 GeV and a few TeV with a 23-meter diameter mirror. We have developed the focal plane camera of the first LST, which has 1855 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and the readout system which samples a PMT waveform at GHz with switched capacitor arrays, Domino Ring Sampler ver4 (DRS4). To measure the precise pulse charge and arrival time of Cherenkov signals, we developed a method to calibrate the output voltage of DRS4 and the sampling time interval, as well as an analysis method to correct the spike noise of DRS4. Since the first LST was inaugurated in 2018, we have performed the commissioning tests and calibrated the camera. We characterised the camera in terms of the charge pedestal under various conditions of the night sky background, the charge resolution of each pixel, the charge uniformity of the whole camera, and the time resolutions with a test pulse and calibration laser., 14 pages, 13 figures, Proceedings of the SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, 114470H (2020)
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- 2020
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41. ALTIROC 1, a 25 ps time resolution ASIC for the ATLAS High Granularity Timing Detector
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D. Su, G. Martin-Chassard, D. Gong, Angelo Dragone, Jingbo Ye, P. Dinaucourt, A. Schwartzman, S. Sacerdoti, C. de la Taille, C. Agapopoulou, N. Makovec, N. Seguin-Moreau, M. Morenas, L. Serin, Bojan Markovic, C. Milke, L. Ruckman, Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Organisation de Micro-Électronique Générale Avancée (OMEGA), and École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)
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noise ,Discriminator ,Preamplifier ,time-to-digital converter ,Jitter ,01 natural sciences ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,semiconductor detector: pixel ,0302 clinical medicine ,Application-specific integrated circuit ,Radio frequency ,0103 physical sciences ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,time resolution ,activity report ,Pulse measurements ,Diode ,Physics ,Large Hadron Collider ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,business.industry ,Detector ,Conferences ,Electrical engineering ,Detectors ,integrated circuit: readout ,ATLAS ,CMOS ,electronics: readout ,integrated circuit: design ,Power demand ,upgrade ,business ,performance - Abstract
International audience; 1 Abstract—Designed and characterized by the HGTD collaboration, ALTIROC belongs to the family of readout ASICs used at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) for the High Luminosity-LHC upgrade. ALTIROC1 is a 25-channel ASIC designed in CMOS 130 nm to read out the 5 x 5 matrix of 1.3 mm x 1.3 mm Low Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGAD) of the ATLAS HGTD detector. The targeted combined time resolution of the sensor and its readout electronics from 35 ps/hit (initial) to 70 ps/hit (end of operational lifetime). Each ASIC channel integrates an RF preamplifier followed by a high speed discriminator and two TDCs for Time-of-Arrival and Time-Over-Threshold measurements as well as a local memory. This front-end must exhibit an extremely low jitter noise while keeping a challenging power consumption of less than 4.5 mW per channel. This conference proceeding summarizes the ASIC's architecture, its measured performances compared to simulation, along with the requirements for the HEP experiments.
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- 2020
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42. Wireless Allowing Data and Power Transfer
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Dehos, C., Locci, E., Brenner, R., Dancila, D., de Lurgio, P., Djurcic, Z., Drake, G., Gonzalez Gimenez, J.L., Gustafsson, L., Kim, D.W., Pfeiffer, U., Röhrich, D., Rydberg, D., Schöning, A., Siligaris, A., Soltveit, H.K., Ullaland, K., Vincent, P., Vasquez, P.R., Wiedner, D., Baudot, J., Claus, G., Goffe, M., Yang, S., Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPhP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPP), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Computer science ,business.industry ,vertex detector ,Electrical engineering ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,02 engineering and technology ,electronics: communications ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,electromagnetic field ,efficiency ,0103 physical sciences ,CERN LHC Coll: upgrade ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,electronics: readout ,integrated circuit: design ,Maximum power transfer theorem ,Wireless ,FCC ,data management ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,business ,signal processing ,performance - Abstract
International audience; The WADAPT consortium (Wireless Allowing Data and Power Transfer) was created to study wireless (multi-gigabit) data transfer for high-energy physics applications (LoI, CERN-LHCC-2017-002; LHCC-I-028.-2017). Emerging millimetre wave technologies allow fast signal transfer and efficient partitioning of detectors in topological regions of interest. Large bandwidths are available at those frequencies, allowing very high data rates at short range and conveniently substituting a mass of materials (cables and connectors). The Wadapt initiative aims at building proof of concept for use in future HEP experiments. For vertex detectors at HL-LHC, the bandwidth of 60 GHz is adequate and commercial products are already available, providing 6 Gbps data links. Products have been tested for signal confinement, crosstalk, electromagnetic immunity and resistance to radiation. An HEP dedicated 60 GHz Integrated Chip is being built in Heidelberg, using 130 nm SiGe BICMOS technology. It should assess the feasibility and performance of the wireless link and establish solid foundation for designing the final reading system. At longer terms, 140 GHz bands could also be used for higher data rates (> 100 Gbps) for future FCC applications. Wireless reading could widespread to many detectors, with the possibility of adding intelligence on the detector to perform four-dimensional reconstruction of the traces and vertexes online, in order to attach the traces to their vertex with great efficiency even in difficult experimental conditions. The WADAPT project includes also a long-term step aimed at transmitting energy wirelessly. This would create a new paradigm for the transmission of data and power in particle physics detectors.
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- 2020
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43. The Belle II diamond-detector for radiation monitoring and beam abort
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S. Bacher, A. B. Kaliyar, J. Libby, S. Bettarini, H. Park, A. Bozek, G. B. Mohanty, L. Zani, G. Casarosa, Markus Friedl, Satoshi Tanaka, D. Červenkov, Y. Uematsu, Shih-Chang Lee, K. Adamczyk, Tariq Aziz, Seema Bahinipati, G. Batignani, H. Yin, I. Ripp-Baudot, J. Suzuki, T. Czank, G. Rizzo, Peter Kodys, Mukesh Kumar, J. C. Webb, L. Vitale, Y. Onuki, Christian Irmler, Rajesh Kumar, Yonghu Chen, R. Thalmeier, E. Paoloni, T. Morii, Y. Jin, N. Dash, G. Dujany, B. Gobbo, K. Lalwani, C. Schwanda, G. de Marino, S. Hazra, F. Forti, S. N. Mayekar, M. Kaleta, Z. Natkaniec, C. La Licata, K. Hara, S. Das, A. Paladino, K. H. Kang, T. Higuchi, T. Zhang, Y. B. Li, Peter Kvasnicka, K. Nakamura, L. Corona, T. Tsuboyama, Jakub Kandra, N. Rout, J. Wiechczynski, Z. Doležal, H. B. Jeon, A. Ishikawa, F. Buchsteiner, J.A.M. Grimaldo, Doyen Sahoo, C. Joo, H. Aihara, K. Wan, P. Kapusta, S. Halder, T. Bilka, H. Tanigawa, W. Ostrowicz, Surajit Maity, T. Kohriki, J. Baudot, E. Ganiev, K. K. Rao, O. Verbycka, P. K. Behera, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Belle-II SVD, and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Physics ,Luminosity (scattering theory) ,Diamond ,BELLE ,Radiation ,engineering.material ,law.invention ,Nuclear physics ,KEKB ,law ,engineering ,electronics: readout ,Radiation monitoring ,radiation: monitoring ,Electronics ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,Collider ,solid-state counter: diamond ,talk ,Beam (structure) ,performance ,detector: design ,radiation: damage - Abstract
International audience; The SuperKEKB electron-positron collider at the KEK laboratory in Japan aims to achieve a maximum luminosity 50$\times$ higher than its predecessors KEKB and PEPII, positioning the Belle II experiment at the forefront of searches for non-standard-model physics in the next decade. High collision intensity implies high beam-induced radiation, which can damage essential Belle II sub-detectors and SuperKEKB components. Twenty-eight diamond sensors, read-out by purpose-built electronics, are installed in the interaction region to measure radiation and prevent damage. This talk introduces the system features and discusses its performance in early Belle II data taking.
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- 2020
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44. Testing Highly Integrated Components for the Technological Prototype of the CALICE SiW-ECAL
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A. Irles, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and CALICE
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Silicon ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,International Linear Collider ,Mechanical sensors ,Computer science ,tungsten ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Integrated circuit ,particle flow ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,law ,Ball grid array ,electromagnetic calorimeter ,0103 physical sciences ,CALICE ,Prototypes ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,Detectors and Experimental Techniques ,010306 general physics ,physics.ins-det ,Calorimeter (particle physics) ,high granularity ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,business.industry ,ILD detector ,Reference design ,Detector ,Electrical engineering ,Volume (computing) ,integrated circuit ,Detectors ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,Power supplies ,IEEE ,calorimeter: electromagnetic ,electronics: readout ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,business ,Infrastructure for advanced calorimeters [14] ,calorimetry ,Connectors ,performance ,electronics: design - Abstract
A highly granular silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter (SiW-ECAL) is the reference design of the ECAL for International Large Detector (ILD) concept, one of the two detector concepts for the detector(s) at the future International Linear Collider. Prototypes for this type of detector are developed within the CALICE Collaboration. The final detector will comprise about $10^{8}$ calorimeter cells that have to be integrated in a volume of maximal 20 cm in depth. Detector components that in terms of size and channel density come already close to the specifications for future large scale experiments are progressively developed. This contribution will report on the performance of a new 1.2 mm thick 9-layer PCB with wirebonded ASICs and comparisons with PCBs with BGA packaged ASICs will be presented. A volume of about $6\times18\times0.2$ cm$^{3}$ is available for the digital readout and the power supply of the individual detector layers that feature up to 10000 calorimeter cells. We will present newly developed electronic cards that meet these constraints., 2019 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference C19-10-26
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- 2020
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45. PACIFIC: SiPM readout ASIC for LHCb upgrade
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X. Han, Richard Vandaelle, Jose Mazorra de Cos, H. Chanal, Sergio Gómez Fernández, Nicolas Pillet, Albert Comerma Montells, David Gascón Fora, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), LHCb Scintillating Fibre Tracker Group, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Tracker ,SiPM ,02 engineering and technology ,Flash ADC ,01 natural sciences ,Silicon photomultiplier ,Application-specific integrated circuit ,0103 physical sciences ,Current conveyor ,scintillation counter: fibre ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,tracking detector ,photomultiplier: silicon ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,Instrumentation ,Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,business.industry ,ASIC ,Detector ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,Dead time ,Talk ,LHC-B ,LHCb ,analog-to-digital converter ,CMOS ,Integrator ,Embedded system ,electronics: readout ,integrated circuit: design ,upgrade ,business ,Computer hardware - Abstract
International audience; A new 64-channel mixed-signal ASIC is presented: PACIFIC. It was developed in TSMC 130 nm CMOS technology for the readout of the Scintillating Fibre Tracker, as a part of the LHCb upgrade. This detector is based on 250 μ m scintillating fibers readout by custom designed 128-channel silicon photomultiplier arrays. It will cover a total area of 340 m 2 , distributed over the 12 planes that compose it. The sensors are connected directly to PACIFIC without any interface components. The ASIC acquires the current pulses using a current conveyor. A fast double pole-zero cancellation shaper is used to minimize spillover. The charge is then collected using gated integrators, with a twofold interleaved scheme to minimize dead time. The resulting voltage level is digitized with a configurable 2 bit non-linear flash ADC. The output is a 320 Mbps differential signal produced by the serializers, which gather the results from four adjacent channels.
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- 2018
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46. The STAR MAPS-based PiXeL detector
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Giacomo Contin, Samuel Woodmansee, H. H. Wieman, Leo Clifford Greiner, Thomas Johnson, Jacque Bell, Hans-Georg Ritter, John Wolf, T. Stezelberger, Chinh Vu, K. Wilson, Xiangming Sun, Co Tran, J. Schambach, Rhonda Witharm, E. Anderssen, Joseph H. Silber, Hao Qiu, M. Szelezniak, Mario Cepeda, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Contin, Giacomo, Greiner, Leo, Schambach, Joachim, Szelezniak, Michal, Anderssen, Eric, Bell, Jacque, Cepeda, Mario, Johnson, Thoma, Qiu, Hao, Ritter, Hans-Georg, Silber, Joseph, Stezelberger, Thorsten, Sun, Xiangming, Tran, Co, Vu, Chinh, Wieman, Howard, Wilson, Kenneth, Witharm, Rhonda, Woodmansee, Samuel, Wolf, John, and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,data acquisition ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,HFT ,temperature: spatial distribution ,nucl-ex ,Atomic ,01 natural sciences ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,law.invention ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,Particle and Plasma Physics ,Data acquisition ,heat engineering ,law ,MAPS ,[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex] ,Vertex detector ,Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) ,Nuclear Experiment ,physics.ins-det ,Instrumentation ,Image resolution ,FPGA ,Physics ,RHIC ,Signal processing ,STAR ,Detector ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,Nuclear & Particles Physics ,Other Physical Sciences ,mechanical engineering ,Astronomical and Space Sciences ,performance ,noise ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,FOS: Physical sciences ,fabrication ,[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,Pixel ,semiconductor detector: pixel ,Optics ,0103 physical sciences ,Nuclear ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,signal processing ,010306 general physics ,Collider ,spatial resolution ,Nuclear and High Energy Physic ,semiconductor detector: technology ,hep-ex ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,business.industry ,Molecular ,trigger ,electronics: readout ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Noise (video) ,business ,semiconductor detector: design - Abstract
International audience; The PiXeL detector (PXL) for the Heavy Flavor Tracker (HFT) of the STAR experiment at RHIC is the first application of the state-of-the-art thin Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) technology in a collider environment. Custom built pixel sensors, their readout electronics and the detector mechanical structure are described in detail. Selected detector design aspects and production steps are presented. The detector operations during the three years of data taking (2014–2016) and the overall performance exceeding the design specifications are discussed in the conclusive sections of this paper.
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- 2018
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47. Development of analog signal transmission in LAr for DUNE
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Sacerdoti, S., AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and DUNE
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DUNE ,Time projection Chambers (TPC) ,double-phase) ,time projection chamber: liquid argon ,Noble liquid detectors (scintillation ,ionization ,electronics: readout ,surface ,photomultiplier: silicon ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,Instrumentation ,performance ,Mathematical Physics ,electronics: design - Abstract
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is currently investigating a new prototype design for its second far detector module. The new concept proposes a vertical drift liquid argon time projection chamber, with a cathode at mid-height in the detector and anodes made of printed circuit boards, located at the top and bottom of the detector. In this context, the design of the photo-detection system needs to be revisited, opening a window of opportunity for further optimization and new developments. It is envisaged to distribute the photo-sensors (x-ARAPUCA) on the cathode surface. Such a system is required to operate within high-voltage surfaces, with both power supply and signal delivered using non-conductive materials. This article describes the on-going work to collect and read-out the signal of the photo-sensors, which are re-shaped into large tiles containing 160 SiPMs each. A new ganging scheme for the SiPMs is introduced. In particular, this article will focus on the proposed option to read out the sensors using an analog optical transmitter, that should ensure the transmission of the signals — with a wide dynamic range — to the outside of the cryostat to be digitized.
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- 2022
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48. The CMS electromagnetic calorimeter upgrade: high-rate readout with precise time and energy resolution
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Mijuskovic, Jelena, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and CMS
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noise ,CMS ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,integrated circuit ,energy resolution ,trigger ,Calorimeters ,calorimeter: electromagnetic ,analog-to-digital converter ,Front-end electronics for detector readout ,amplifier ,electronics: readout ,calorimeter: upgrade ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,time resolution ,Instrumentation ,FPGA ,performance ,Mathematical Physics ,electronics: design - Abstract
The electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) of the CMS detector has played an important role in the physics program of the experiment, delivering outstanding performance throughout data taking. The high-luminosity LHC will pose new challenges. The four to five-fold increase of the number of interactions per bunch crossing will require superior time resolution and noise rejection capabilities. For these reasons the electronics readout has been completely redesigned. A dual gain trans-impedance amplifier and an ASIC providing two 160 MHz ADC channels, gain selection, and data compression will be used in the new readout electronics. The trigger decision will be moved off-detector and will be performed by powerful and flexible FPGA processors, allowing for more sophisticated trigger algorithms to be applied. The upgraded ECAL will be capable of high-precision energy measurements throughout HL-LHC and will greatly improve the time resolution for photons and electrons above 10 GeV.
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- 2022
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- View/download PDF
49. Upgrade of the CMS resistive plate chambers for the high luminosity LHC
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Samalan, A., Tytgat, M., Alves, G.A., Marujo, F., De Araujo, F. Torres Da Silva, Da Costa, E.M., Damiao, D. De Jesus, Nogima, H., Santoro, A., De Souza, S. Fonseca, Aleksandrov, A., Hadjiiska, R., Iaydjiev, P., Rodozov, M., Shopova, M., Soultanov, G., Bonchev, M., Dimitrov, A., Litov, L., Pavlov, B., Petkov, P., Petrov, A., Qian, S.J., Bernal, C., Cabrera, A., Fraga, J., Sarkar, A., Elsayed, S., Assran, Y., Sawy, M. El, Mahmoud, M.A., Mohammed, Y., Combaret, C., Gouzevitch, M., Grenier, G., Laktineh, I., Mirabito, L., Shchablo, K., Bagaturia, I., Lomidze, D., Lomidze, I., Bhatnagar, V., Gupta, R., Kumari, P., Singh, J., Amoozegar, V., Boghrati, B., Ebraimi, M., Ghasemi, R., Mohammadi Najafabadi, M., Zareian, E., Abbrescia, M., Aly, R., Elmetenawee, W., De Filippis, N., Gelmi, A., Iaselli, G., Leszki, S., Loddo, F., Margjeka, I., Pugliese, G., Ramos, D., Caponero, M., Benussi, L., Bianco, S., Colafranceschi, S., Russo, A., Passamonti, L., Piccolo, D., Pierluigi, D., Saviano, G., Buontempo, S., Di Crescenzo, A., Fienga, F., De Lellis, G., DeLellis, G., Lista, L., Meola, S., Paolucci, P., Braghieri, A., Salvini, P., Montagna, P., Riccardi, C., Vitulo, P., Francois, B., Kim, T.J., Park, J., Choi, S.Y., Hong, B., Lee, K.S., Goh, J., Lee, H., Eysermans, J., Estrada, C. Uribe, Pedraza, I., Castilla-Valdez, H., Sanchez-Hernandez, A., Herrera, C.A. Mondragon, Navarro, D.A. Perez, Ayala Sanchez, G.A., Carrillo, S., Vazquez, E., Zaganidis, N., Radi, A., Ahmad, A., Asghar, I., Hoorani, H., Muhammad, S., Shah, M.A., Mandelli, B., Guida, R., Crotty, I., Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CMS, Samalan, A., Tytgat, M., Alves, G. A., Marujo, F., Araujo, F. Torres Da Silva De, Costa, E. M. Da, Damiao, D. De Jesu, Nogima, H., Santoro, A., Souza, S. Fonseca De, Aleksandrov, A., Hadjiiska, R., Iaydjiev, P., Rodozov, M., Shopova, M., Soultanov, G., Bonchev, M., Dimitrov, A., Litov, L., Pavlov, B., Petkov, P., Petrov, A., Qian, S. J., Bernal, C., Cabrera, A., Fraga, J., Sarkar, A., Elsayed, S., Assran, Y., Sawy, M. El, Mahmoud, M. A., Mohammed, Y., Combaret, C., Gouzevitch, M., Grenier, G., Laktineh, I., Mirabito, L., Shchablo, K., Bagaturia, I., Lomidze, D., Lomidze, I., Bhatnagar, V., Gupta, R., Kumari, P., Singh, J., Amoozegar, V., Boghrati, B., Ebraimi, M., Ghasemi, R., Najafabadi, M. Mohammadi, Zareian, E., Abbrescia, M., Aly, R., Elmetenawee, W., Filippis, N. De, Gelmi, A., Iaselli, G., Leszki, S., Loddo, F., Margjeka, I., Pugliese, G., Ramos, D., Caponero, M., Benussi, L., Bianco, S., Colafranceschi, S., Russo, A., Passamonti, L., Piccolo, D., Pierluigi, D., Saviano, G., Buontempo, S., Di Crescenzo, A., Fienga, F., De Lellis, G., Lista, L., Meola, S., Paolucci, P., Braghieri, A., Salvini, P., Montagna, P., Riccardi, C., Vitulo, P., Francois, B., Kim, T. J., Park, J., Choi, S. Y., Hong, B., Lee, K. S., Goh, J., Lee, H., Eysermans, J., Estrada, C. Uribe, Pedraza, I., Castilla-Valdez, H., Sanchez-Hernandez, A., Herrera, C. A. Mondragon, Navarro, D. A. Perez, Sanchez, G. A. Ayala, Carrillo, S., Vazquez, E., Zaganidis, N., Radi, A., Ahmad, A., Asghar, I., Hoorani, H., Muhammad, S., Shah, M. A., Mandelli, B., Guida, R., and Crotty, I.
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Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Particle detectors ,02 engineering and technology ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,Gaseous detectors ,[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex] ,resistive plate chamber: upgrade ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,Detectors and Experimental Techniques ,physics.ins-det ,Instrumentation ,activity report ,detector: design ,Mathematical Physics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Resistive-plate chambers ,hep-ex ,CMS ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,electronics: readout ,Physics::Accelerator Physics ,Performance of High Energy Physics Detectors ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,0210 nano-technology ,Particle Physics - Experiment ,electronics: design ,muon: spectrometer - Abstract
During the upcoming High Luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), the integrated luminosity of the accelerator will increase to 3000 fb$^{−1}$. The expected experimental conditions in that period in terms of background rates, event pileup, and the probable aging of the current detectors present a challenge for all the existing experiments at the LHC, including the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment. To ensure a highly performing muon system for this period, several upgrades of the Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) system of the CMS are currently being implemented. These include the replacement of the readout system for the present system, and the installation of two new RPC stations with improved chamber and front-end electronics designs. The current overall status of this CMS RPC upgrade project is presented. During the upcoming High Luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), the integrated luminosity of the accelerator will increase to 3000 fb$^{-1}$. The expected experimental conditions in that period in terms of background rates, event pileup, and the probable aging of the current detectors present a challenge for all the existing experiments at the LHC, including the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment. To ensure a highly performing muon system for this period, several upgrades of the Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) system of the CMS are currently being implemented. These include the replacement of the readout system for the present system, and the installation of two new RPC stations with improved chamber and front-end electronics designs. The current overall status of this CMS RPC upgrade project is presented.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. The Associative Memory System Infrastructures for the ATLAS Fast Tracker
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Hikmat Nasimi, D. Calabro, Stamatios Gkaitatzis, K. Kordas, S. Donati, Andrea Negri, Nicolo Vladi Biesuz, Takashi Kubota, P. Kalaitzidis, Naoki Kimura, Konstantina Mermikli, Dimitrios Sampsonidis, Mauro Dell'Orso, Alberto Annovi, Francesco Crescioli, Vincenzo Greco, P. Giannetti, R. Beccherle, Christos Gentsos, B. Magnin, Calliope Louisa Sotiropoulou, P. Luciano, D. Dimas, Lucian Stefan Ancu, Ioannis Maznas, Federico Bertolucci, M. Piendibene, A. Lanza, Saverio Citraro, Alessandro Iovene, A. Sakellariou, Johanna Gramling, Guido Volpi, Spiridon Nikolaidis, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Engineering ,parallel processing ,Serial communication ,Integrated circuit design ,computer.software_genre ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,pattern matching (PM) ,Application-specific integrated circuit ,0103 physical sciences ,Electronic engineering ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,trigger: upgrade ,Field-programmable gate array ,Application specific integrated circuits ,field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) ,image processing ,trigger circuits ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,track data analysis ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,business.industry ,Firmware ,electronics: communications ,ATLAS ,Content-addressable memory ,Upgrade ,electronics: readout ,integrated circuit: design ,business ,computer ,performance ,Computer hardware ,electronics: design ,VMEbus - Abstract
International audience; The associative memory (AM) system of fast tracker (FTK) processor has been designed for the tracking trigger upgrade to the ATLAS detector at the Conseil Europeen Pour La Recherche Nucleaire large hadron collider. The system performs pattern matching (PM) using the detector hits of particles in the ATLAS silicon tracker. The AM system is the main processing element of FTK and is mainly based on the use of application-specified integrated circuits (ASICs) (AM chips) designed to execute PM with a high degree of parallelism. It finds track candidates at low resolution which become seeds for a full resolution track fitting. The AM system implementation is based on a collection of large 9U Versa Module Europa (VME) boards, named “serial link processors” (AMBSLPs). On these boards, a huge traffic of data is implemented on a network of 900 2-Gb/s serial links. The complete AM-based processor consumes much less power (~50 kW) than its CPU equivalent and its size is much smaller. The AMBSLP has a power consumption of ~250 W and there will be 16 of them in a crate. This results in unusually large power consumption for a VME crate and the need for complex custom infrastructure in order to have sufficient cooling. This paper reports on the design and testing of the infrastructures needed to run and cool the system which will include 16 AMBSLPs in the same crate, the integration of the AMBSLP inside a first FTK slice, the performance of the produced prototypes (both hardware and firmware), as well as their tests in the global FTK integration. This is an important milestone to be satisfied before the FTK production.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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