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Organogels are less explored toward on‐sink flexible and stretchable electronics compared to hydrogels, due to the challenges in simultaneously achieving biocompability, satisfactory mechanical properties, environmental‐adaptive adhesion capability, and fast stimuli‐response. Herein, it is shown that a boronate ester polymer organogel with dynamic covalent and hydrogen bonds formed between the polymer networks and organic solvents meets all the above requirements. This is achieved through the gelation of a polymer bearing with boronic acid, imidazolium salt, and amide groups (named QBAM) in ethylene glycol (EG). The strong interactions between the polymer chains and the EG not only improve the toughness of QBAMs, but also inhibit the volatilization of EG, leading to a wide temperature (−10 to 190 °C) adaptability. Due to the abundant hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interaction, QBAM organogels are highly adhesive to a variety of substrates. The presence of imidazolium salt endows QBAM organogels with promising ionic conductivity. Strain sensors fabricated with QBAM organogels fit well on human skin and exhibit the advantages of high strain sensitivity (GF = 9.049), fast response (≈60.4 ms), good cyclic stability, and broaden temperature adaptability. This work opens up a new avenue for the design of multifunctional and biocompatible organogels for on‐skin devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engine lubricants globally face the challenge of meeting the demands of new engine technologies while enhancing energy efficiency and reducing emissions. Lubricants must enhance their performance and sustainability, improve reliability in complex and harsh environments, and minimize environmental impact and health risks. This study explores the influence of two different formulations of low viscosity lubricants, tested through actual road endurance trials, on a hybrid vehicle's aftertreatment system performance and overall emission levels. The study includes 120,000 km of endurance testing in four different challenging environments in China, as well as 90,000 km of endurance testing in a typical urban and highway driving cycle in a large city. Results indicate that emissions from the test vehicles during the 120,000 km and 210,000 km durable Worldwide harmonized Light vehicle Test Cycles (WLTCs) meet China's Stage 6 light-duty vehicle emission standards, with the 210,000 km Real Driving Emission test (RDE) results also conforming to these standards. Relative to fresh TWC, the light-off temperature increased by a mere 60 °C, and the oxygen storage capacity declined by around 19% following endurance testing. Additionally, the GPF exhibited satisfactory performance after 210,000 km of endurance testing, showing lower backpressure values compared to the fresh-coated samples, with no notable ash buildup observed in the substrate. Drawing on the outcomes of actual road endurance testing, this study illustrates that employing low-to-mid-ash-content, low-viscosity lubricants is both compatible and reliable for aftertreatment systems in present or advanced hybrid technologies. Premium lubricants facilitate vehicles in sustaining compliant and stable emission performance, even amid harsh environments and complex operating conditions. Furthermore, the tested lubricants effectively inhibit excessive aging of the aftertreatment system over prolonged mileage. Moreover, this study discusses the feasibility of rapid aging evaluation methods for aftertreatment systems based on engine test benches, juxtaposed with actual road endurance testing. These findings and conclusions offer crucial references and guidance for enhancing lubricant performance and sustainability. Subsequent studies can delve deeper into the correlation between lubricant performance and environmental impact, alongside optimization strategies for lubricants across various vehicle models and usage scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pathogenic Salmonella strains causing gastroenteritis typically can colonize and proliferate in the intestines of multiple host species. They retain the ability to form red dry and rough (rdar) biofilms, as seen in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Conversely, Salmonella serovar like Typhi, which can cause systemic infections and exhibit host restriction, are rdar-negative. In this study, duck-derived strains and swine-derived strains of S. Typhimurium locate on independent phylogenetic clades and display relative genomic specificity. The duck isolates appear more closely related to human blood isolates and invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS), whereas the swine isolates were more distinct. Phenotypically, compared to duck isolates, swine isolates exhibited enhanced biofilm formation that was unaffected by the temperature. The transcriptomic analysis revealed the upregulation of csgDEFG transcription as the direct cause. This upregulation may be mainly attributed to the enhanced promoter activity caused by the G-to-T substitution at position −44 of the csgD promoter. Swine isolates have created biofilm polymorphisms by altering a conserved base present in Salmonella Typhi, iNTS, and most Salmonella Typhimurium (such as duck isolates). This provides a genomic characteristics perspective for understanding Salmonella transmission cycles and evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Phage therapy holds promise as an alternative to antibiotics for combating multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, host bacteria can quickly produce progeny that are resistant to phage infection. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of bacterial resistance to phage infection. We found that Rsm1, a mutant strain of Salmonella enteritidis (S. enteritidis) sm140, exhibited resistance to phage Psm140, which was originally capable of lysing its host at sm140. Whole genome sequencing analysis revealed a single nucleotide mutation at position 520 (C → T) in the rfbD gene of Rsm1, resulting in broken lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which is caused by the replacement of CAG coding glutamine with a stop codon TAG. The knockout of rfbD in the sm140ΔrfbD strain caused a subsequent loss of sensitivity toward phages. Furthermore, the reintroduction of rfbD in Rsm1 restored phage sensitivity. Moreover, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of rfbD in 25 resistant strains revealed a high percentage mutation rate of 64% within the rfbD locus. We assessed the fitness of four bacteria strains and found that the acquisition of phage resistance resulted in slower bacterial growth, faster sedimentation velocity, and increased environmental sensitivity (pH, temperature, and antibiotic sensitivity). In short, bacteria mutants lose some of their abilities while gaining resistance to phage infection, which may be a general survival strategy of bacteria against phages. This study is the first to report phage resistance caused by rfbD mutation, providing a new perspective for the research on phage therapy and drug-resistant mechanisms.

Drastic changes in hydrological conditions within floodplain ecosystems create distinct microbial habitats. However, there remains a lack of exploration regarding the variations in microbial function potentials across the flooding and drought seasons. In this study, metagenomics and environmental analyses were employed in floodplains that experience hydrological variations across four seasons. Analysis of functional gene composition, encompassing nitrogen, carbon, and sulfur metabolisms, revealed apparent differences between the flooding and drought seasons. The primary environmental drivers identified were water level, overlying water depth, submergence time, and temperature. Specific modules, e.g., the hydrolysis of β-1,4-glucosidic bond, denitrification, and dissimilatory/assimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium, exhibited higher relative abundance in summer compared to winter. It is suggested that cellulose degradation was potentially coupled with nitrate reduction during the flooding season. Phylogenomic analysis of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) unveiled that the Desulfobacterota lineage possessed abundant nitrogen metabolism genes supported by pathway reconstruction. Variation of relative abundance implied its environmental adaptability to both the wet and dry seasons. Furthermore, a novel order was found within Methylomirabilota, containing nitrogen reduction genes in the MAG. Overall, this study highlights the crucial role of hydrological factors in modulating microbial functional diversity and generating genomes with abundant nitrogen metabolism potentials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adaptability of conductive rubber in SO2/salt spray environment was studied by using graphene-filled conductive fluoroether rubber and alloy nickel powder-filled conductive silicone rubber in“SO2/salt spray” test. The macro morphology，Shore A hardness，tensile strength，elongation at break，tear strength and volume resistivity were tested to analyze the influence of the “SO2/salt spray” environment on the properties of conductive rubber. The results show before the test，the Shore A hardness of conductive fluoroether rubber and conductive silicone rubber are equivalent，the tensile strength of conductive fluoroether rubber is higher than that of conductive silicone rubber，and the volume resistivity is lower than that of conductive silicone rubber. After 8 cycles of “SO2/salt spray” test，the macro morphology of conductive fluoroether rubber does not change，Shore A hardness decreases by 3，tensile strength increases by 0.8 MPa（5%），elongation at break decreases by 18%， the volume resistivity increases by 2.1 Ω·cm（65.8%）and there is no change in tear strength；while the conductive silicone rubber has obvious corrosion，with green corrosion products appeared on the surface，Shore A hardness gradually decreases，and the tensile strength decreases by 1.2 MPa（16.4%），the elongation at break decreases by 2%，the volume resistivity decreases by 3.00 Ω·cm（52.4%）and there is no change in tear strength. The analysis of the comprehensive performances obtained by the study shows that the adaptability of conductive fluoroether rubber in “SO2/salt spray” environment is superior to that of conductive silicone rubber.

Introduction: Defoliation by applying defoliants before machine picking is an important agricultural practice that enhances harvesting efficiency and leads to increased raw cotton purity. However, the fundamental characteristics of leaf abscission and the underlying genetic basis in cotton are not clearly understood. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to (1) reveal the phenotypic variations in cotton leaf abscission, (2) discover the whole-genome differentiation sweeps and genetic loci related to defoliation, (3) identify and verify the functions of key candidate genes associated with defoliation, and (4) explore the relationship between haplotype frequency of loci and environmental adaptability. Methods: Four defoliation-related traits of 383 re-sequenced Gossypium hirsutum accessions were investigated in four environments. The genome-wide association study (GWAS), linkage disequilibrium (LD) interval genotyping and functional identification were conducted. Finally, the haplotype variation related to environmental adaptability and defoliation traits was revealed. Results: Our findings revealed the fundamental phenotypic variations of defoliation traits in cotton. We showed that defoliant significantly increased the defoliation rate without incurring yield and fiber quality penalties. The strong correlations between defoliation traits and growth period traits were observed. A genome-wide association study of defoliation traits identified 174 significant SNPs. Two loci (RDR7 on A02 and RDR13 on A13) that significantly associated with the relative defoliation rate were described, and key candidate genes GhLRR and GhCYCD3;1, encoding a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) family protein and D3-type cell cyclin 1 protein respectively, were functional verified by expression pattern analysis and gene silencing. We found that combining of two favorable haplotypes (HapRDR7 and HapRDR13) improved sensitivity to defoliant. The favorable haplotype frequency generally increased in high latitudes in China, enabling adaptation to the local environment. Conclusion: Our findings lay an important foundation for the potentially broad application of leveraging key genetic loci in breeding machine-pickable cotton.

Introduction: Global warming has led to increased environmental stresses on plants, notably drought. This affects plant distribution and species adaptability, with some medicinal plants showing enhanced drought tolerance and increased medicinal components. In this pioneering study, we delve into the intricate tapestry of Arnebia guttata, a medicinal plant renowned for its resilience in arid environments. By fusing a rich historical narrative with cutting-edge analytical methodologies, this research endeavors to demystify the plant's intricate response to drought stress, illuminating its profound implications for medicinal valorization. Methods: The methodology includes a comprehensive textual research and resource investigation of A. guttata, regionalization studies, field sample distribution analysis, transcriptome and metabolome profiling, rhizosphere soil microbiome analysis, and drought stress experiments. Advanced computational tools like ArcGIS, MaxEnt, and various bioinformatics software were utilized for data analysis and modeling. Results: The study identified significant genetic variations among A. guttata samples from different regions, correlating with environmental factors, particularly precipitation during the warmest quarter (BIO18). Metabolomic analysis revealed marked differences in metabolite profiles, including shikonin content, which is crucial for the plant's medicinal properties. Soil microbial community analysis showed variations that could impact plant metabolism and stress response. Drought stress experiments demonstrated A. guttata's resilience and its ability to modulate metabolic pathways to enhance drought tolerance. Discussion: The findings underscore the complex interplay between genetic makeup, environmental factors, and microbial communities in shaping A. guttata's adaptability and medicinal value. The study provides insights into how drought stress influences the synthesis of active compounds and suggests that moderate stress could enhance the plant's medicinal properties. Predictive modeling indicates future suitable growth areas for A. guttata, aiding in resource management and conservation efforts. The research contributes to the sustainable development of medicinal resources and offers strategies for improving the cultivation of A. guttata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A superelastic self–healing eutectogel was designed and prepared using poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as the bulk skeleton material, while silk fibroin (SF) and two–dimensional (2D) MXene (Ti3C2TX) as reinforcing fillers. In brief, the eutectogel possesses a high tensile strength of 7.63 MPa, and its elongation at break reached 1115.2%, higher than most reported polymers (<1000%). In addition, the eutectogel–assembled sensor has a high ionic conductivity of 0.61 S/m and a high strain sensitivity of 5.17 kPa−1. Moreover, eutectogel shows excellent self–healing ability and can achieve self–healing quickly within 10 min, while its tensile strength and elongation at break can be restored to 84.7% and 97.4% of the initial levels. Besides, a stable electrical signal can be transmitted after 200 cycles at 30% strain. Finally, the eutectogel can withstand various environmental conditions, such as atmospheric or even vacuum evaporation and low–temperature freezing, while maintaining good mechanical and sensing performances. The assembled flexible sensors based on the eutectogel demonstrate their significant application prospects in wearable devices, especially human physiological monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stenotrophomonas strains, which are often described as plant growth promoting (PGP) bacteria, are ubiquitous in many environments. A total of 213 genomes of strains of Stenotrophomonas were analyzed using comparative genomics to better understand the ecological roles of these bacteria in the environment. The pan-genome of the 213 strains of Stenotrophomonas consists of 27,186 gene families, including 710 core gene families, 11,039 unique genes and 15,437 accessory genes. Nearly all strains of Stenotrophomonas harbor the genes for GH3-family cellulose degradation and GH2- and GH31-family hemicellulose hydrolase, as well as intact glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways. These abilities suggest that the strains of this genus can easily obtain carbon and energy from the environment. The Stenotrophomonas strains can respond to oxidative stress by synthesizing catalase, superoxide dismutase, methionine sulfoxide reductase, and disulfide isomerase, as well as managing their osmotic balance by accumulating potassium and synthesizing compatible solutes, such as betaine, trehalose, glutamate, and proline. Each Stenotrophomonas strain also contains many genes for resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals. These genes that mediate stress tolerance increase the ability of Stenotrophomonas strains to survive in extreme environments. In addition, many functional genes related to attachment and plant colonization, growth promotion and biocontrol were identified. In detail, the genes associated with flagellar assembly, motility, chemotaxis and biofilm formation enable the strains of Stenotrophomonas to effectively colonize host plants. The presence of genes for phosphatesolubilization and siderophore production and the polyamine, indole-3-acetic acid, and cytokinin biosynthetic pathways confer the ability to promote plant growth. These strains can produce antimicrobial compounds, chitinases, lipases and proteases. Each Stenotrophomonas genome contained 1-9 prophages and 17-60 genomic islands, and the genes related to antibiotic and heavy metal resistance and the biosynthesis of polyamines, indole-3-acetic acid, and cytokinin may be acquired by horizontal gene transfer. This study demonstrates that strains of Stenotrophomonas are highly adaptable for different environments and have strong potential for use as plant growth-promoting bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Aeronautical Materials is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Aeronautical Materials and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Organohydrogels composed of immiscible hydrophilic and hydrophobic components have outstanding advantages in environmental adaptability, thus exhibiting potential applications in the fields of soft actuators, artificial sensors, energy storage devices, and so on. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in organohydrogels, from construction to performance and application. After a brief introduction, typical cases of organohydrogels and their construction methods are analyzed and summarized, including organohydrogels with heterogeneous networks, organohydrogels with binary solvent, emulsion‐based organohydrogels, and macroscopic hybrid gels. Then, their promising applications of soft actuators, flexible electronics, and anti‐counterfeiting platforms are outlined. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects of this emerging area are discussed. This review can be a significant reference for the development of environmentally adaptable materials and the expansion of new applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The fundamental phenotypic variations of defoliation traits among 383 cotton accessions were revealed. • The defoliants had little penalty on yield and fiber quality. • Two significantly associated loci were dissected, and key candidate genes, GhLRR and GhCYCD3;1 , were clarified. • The combining of two favorable haplotypes improved sensitivity to defoliant. • The favorable haplotype frequency was generally increased in high latitudes in China for adaptation to the local environment. Defoliation by applying defoliants before machine picking is an important agricultural practice that enhances harvesting efficiency and leads to increased raw cotton purity. However, the fundamental characteristics of leaf abscission and the underlying genetic basis in cotton are not clearly understood. In this study, we aimed to (1) reveal the phenotypic variations in cotton leaf abscission, (2) discover the whole-genome differentiation sweeps and genetic loci related to defoliation, (3) identify and verify the functions of key candidate genes associated with defoliation, and (4) explore the relationship between haplotype frequency of loci and environmental adaptability. Four defoliation-related traits of 383 re-sequenced Gossypium hirsutum accessions were investigated in four environments. The genome-wide association study (GWAS), linkage disequilibrium (LD) interval genotyping and functional identification were conducted. Finally, the haplotype variation related to environmental adaptability and defoliation traits was revealed. Our findings revealed the fundamental phenotypic variations of defoliation traits in cotton. We showed that defoliant significantly increased the defoliation rate without incurring yield and fiber quality penalties. The strong correlations between defoliation traits and growth period traits were observed. A genome-wide association study of defoliation traits identified 174 significant SNPs. Two loci (RDR7 on A02 and RDR13 on A13) that significantly associated with the relative defoliation rate were described, and key candidate genes GhLRR and GhCYCD3;1, encoding a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) family protein and D3-type cell cyclin 1 protein respectively, were functional verified by expression pattern analysis and gene silencing. We found that combining of two favorable haplotypes (HapRDR7 and HapRDR13) improved sensitivity to defoliant. The favorable haplotype frequency generally increased in high latitudes in China, enabling adaptation to the local environment. Our findings lay an important foundation for the potentially broad application of leveraging key genetic loci in breeding machine-pickable cotton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background color is a crucial factor influencing the growth performance and feed utilization in crustaceans. However, little is known about its impacts on the culture performance of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). In this study, we examined the impacts of six different background colors (white-W, black-BK, green-G, red-R, yellow-Y, and blue-BL) on growth, inter-molt period, and coloration and total carotenoids content of carapace of juvenile E. sinensis. The culture experiment comprised two trials: a 68-day individual culture, and a 30-day group culture. Individual culture results: No significant effects of background color were found on weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), molting interval, carapace length and width, and survival rate (SR) of the juvenile crabs (P > 0.05). However, during the second molting cycle, the BL group exhibited the highest WGR, and the G group showed the lowest hepatopancreas index (HSI). Meanwhile, markedly lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) was obtained for the W group compared to the G and BK groups. Group culture results: Significantly higher SR was recorded for the BK group, and the highest limb loss rate was detected for Y group indicating the significant effects of background color on survival and aggressiveness of juvenile E. sinensis. Moreover, background color impacted the carapace coloration indices where the W, BK and Y groups showed the highest brightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) values, respectively. Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed a positive linear relationship between the L* value and background color (y =0.1638x+27.961, R2=0.613). In conclusion, our results demonstrated that background color significantly affects culture performance and carapace color. Black background color was shown to enhance the survival rate and reduce the limb amputation rate under group culture condition. These results provide new insights on the optimization of farming technology for juvenile E. sinensis.

Abstract Background Michelia lacei W.W.Smith (Magnoliaceae), was classified as a Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations (PSESP) by the Yunnan Provincial Government in both action plans of 2012 and 2021. This evergreen tree is known for its high ornamental and scientific value, but it faces significant threats due to its extremely small population size and narrow geographical distribution. The study aims to understand the genetic structure, diversity, and demographic history of this species to inform its conservation strategies. Results The analysis of transcriptome data from 64 individuals across seven populations of M. lacei identified three distinct genetic clusters and generated 104,616 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The KM ex-situ population, originating from Longling County, exhibited unique genetic features, suggesting limited gene flow. The genetic diversity was substantial, with significant differences between populations, particularly between the KM lineage and the OTHER lineage. Demographic history inferred from the data indicated population experienced three significant population declines during glaciations, followed by periods of recovery. We estimated the effective population size (Ne) of the KM and OTHER lineages 1,000 years ago were 85,851 and 416,622, respectively. Gene flow analysis suggested past gene flow between populations, but the KM ex-situ population showed no recent gene flow. A total of 805 outlier SNPs, associated with four environmental factors, suggest potential local adaptation and showcase the species' adaptive potential. Particularly, the BZ displayed 515 adaptive loci, highlighting its strong potential for adaptation within this group. Conclusions The comprehensive genomic analysis of M. lacei provides valuable insights into its genetic background and highlights the urgent need for conservation efforts. The study underscores the importance of ex-situ conservation methods, such as seed collection and vegetative propagation, to safeguard genetic diversity and promote population restoration. The preservation of populations like MC and BZ is crucial for maintaining the species' genetic diversity. In-situ conservation measures, including the establishment of in-situ conservation sites and community engagement, are essential to enhance protection awareness and ensure the long-term survival of this threatened plant species.

Abstract The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a powerful bacterial molecular weapon that can inject effector proteins into prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells, thereby participating in the competition between bacteria and improving bacterial environmental adaptability. Although most current studies of the T6SS have focused on animal bacteria, this system is also significant for the adaptation of plant-associated bacteria. This paper briefly introduces the structure and biological functions of the T6SS. We summarize the role of plant-associated bacterial T6SS in adaptability to host plants and the external environment, including resistance to biotic stresses such as host defenses and competition from other bacteria. We review the role of the T6SS in response to abiotic factors such as acid stress, oxidation stress, and osmotic stress. This review provides an important reference for exploring the functions of the T6SS in plant-associated bacteria. In addition, characterizing these anti-stress functions of the T6SS may provide new pathways toward eliminating plant pathogens and controlling agricultural losses.

Background: Michelia lacei W.W.Smith (Magnoliaceae), was classified as a Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations (PSESP) by the Yunnan Provincial Government in both action plans of 2012 and 2021. This evergreen tree is known for its high ornamental and scientific value, but it faces significant threats due to its extremely small population size and narrow geographical distribution. The study aims to understand the genetic structure, diversity, and demographic history of this species to inform its conservation strategies. Results: The analysis of transcriptome data from 64 individuals across seven populations of M. lacei identified three distinct genetic clusters and generated 104,616 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The KM ex-situ population, originating from Longling County, exhibited unique genetic features, suggesting limited gene flow. The genetic diversity was substantial, with significant differences between populations, particularly between the KM lineage and the OTHER lineage. Demographic history inferred from the data indicated population experienced three significant population declines during glaciations, followed by periods of recovery. We estimated the effective population size (Ne) of the KM and OTHER lineages 1,000 years ago were 85,851 and 416,622, respectively. Gene flow analysis suggested past gene flow between populations, but the KM ex-situ population showed no recent gene flow. A total of 805 outlier SNPs, associated with four environmental factors, suggest potential local adaptation and showcase the species' adaptive potential. Particularly, the BZ displayed 515 adaptive loci, highlighting its strong potential for adaptation within this group. Conclusions: The comprehensive genomic analysis of M. lacei provides valuable insights into its genetic background and highlights the urgent need for conservation efforts. The study underscores the importance of ex-situ conservation methods, such as seed collection and vegetative propagation, to safeguard genetic diversity and promote population restoration. The preservation of populations like MC and BZ is crucial for maintaining the species' genetic diversity. In-situ conservation measures, including the establishment of in-situ conservation sites and community engagement, are essential to enhance protection awareness and ensure the long-term survival of this threatened plant species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ever‐growing demand for advanced implantable and wearable electronics has stimulated the development of conductive gels with desirable functions. Hydrogels suffer from poor environmental adaptability. The ionogels prepared by dissolving polymers in ionic liquids have to face the problems of high cost of synthesis and biotoxicity concerns. Recently, eutectogels consisting of various polymer networks in eco‐friendly and cost‐effective deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as attractive alternatives to overcome the limitations associated with conventional hydrogels and ionogels. In this study, a kind of eutectogels was designed and synthesized through one‐step in situ photopolymerization of N‐acryloyl glycinamide (NAGA) without crosslinkers in low‐cost and biosafe DESs composed of choline chloride and ethylene glycol. The obtained poly(N‐acryloyl glycinamide) (PNAGA) eutectogels exhibit concentration‐dependent and adjustable mechanical properties, high electrical conductivity (about 2 mS cm−1), self‐healing ability as well as good anti‐drying and anti‐freezing properties. PNAGA eutectogels were also demonstrated to serve as conductive gels to construct pressure sensors over a relatively large temperature range. Considering the simple and easy‐to‐scale preparation process and commercially available low‐cost raw materials, favorable flexibility, high ionic conductivity, and wide‐climate tolerance, the PNAGA eutectogels as soft conductive materials have great potential for use in the fabrication of flexible electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elevated CO2 (eCO2) can affect the environmental adaptability of herbivorous insects by affecting the quality and quantity of host plants' nutrients under climate change. In this study, the impacts of eCO2 on carbohydrate metabolism, chitin synthesis and cuticle thickness of western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) fed on kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) leaves were studied to elucidate the physiological responses of F. occidentalis to eCO2 and provide a theoretical basis for the occurrence trend of thrips under future climate change. The results indicated that the trehalose and glycogen contents in F. occidentalis adults significantly increased with corresponding regulation of key genes related to carbohydrate metabolism under eCO2 compared to ambient CO2 (aCO2), which was closely related to the increased foliar contents of starch and soluble sugars in P. vulgaris grown under eCO2. Subsequently, since trehalose is a precursor of chitin, changes in its content would further affect the chitin synthesis. With the up-regulation of genes related to chitin synthesis and the down-regulation of most genes related to chitin hydrolysis, the chitin content in F. occidentalis adults significantly increased resulting in their increased cuticle thickness and layers, which might enhance their resistance under eCO2 and become "thick-skinned thrips" under climate change condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organohydrogels have demonstrated superior environmental adaptability and frost resistance compared to conventional hydrogels, thereby prompting considerable interests in the development and design of innovative organohydrogels. Herein, we report an effective one-pot method for fabricating MXene/polyacrylamide (MXene/PAM) composite organohydrogel (MAOH) by employing Ga liquid metals (Ga LMs) as a highly reactive component in the induced free radical polymerization reaction, without the need for additional heating or cross-linking agents. This synthetic protocol addresses the time-consuming and organic solvent waste concerns associated with traditional solvent displacement methods for organohydrogel preparation. The incorporation of MXene not only highly enhances the conductivity but also confers improved mechanical properties of MAOH. The MAOH exhibits excellent environmental adaptability (> 7 d), sustained moisture retention, remarkable self-healing capabilities, and outstanding mechanical properties under low temperatures (−20 °C). It demonstrates exceptional performance in micro-motion monitoring, rapid response time (125 ms), superior stretchability, and a broad range of strains (0.3%–600%). Therefore, the designed MAOH has great potential for applications in diverse fields such as prosthetics, electronic skin, human–machine interaction, and smart terminals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electric Drive for Locomotives is the property of Electric Drive for Locomotives Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a powerful bacterial molecular weapon that can inject effector proteins into prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells, thereby participating in the competition between bacteria and improving bacterial environmental adaptability. Although most current studies of the T6SS have focused on animal bacteria, this system is also significant for the adaptation of plant-associated bacteria. This paper briefly introduces the structure and biological functions of the T6SS. We summarize the role of plant-associated bacterial T6SS in adaptability to host plants and the external environment, including resistance to biotic stresses such as host defenses and competition from other bacteria. We review the role of the T6SS in response to abiotic factors such as acid stress, oxidation stress, and osmotic stress. This review provides an important reference for exploring the functions of the T6SS in plant-associated bacteria. In addition, characterizing these anti-stress functions of the T6SS may provide new pathways toward eliminating plant pathogens and controlling agricultural losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Tribe Zyginelline leafhoppers can transmit plant viruses and are important pests that affect agriculture, forestry, and animal husbandry, causing serious economic losses. The potential distribution patterns of Zyginellini will change under climate change. Therefore, the best‐performing random forest and maximum entropy models among 12 commonly used ecological niche models, alongside an ensemble model, were selected to predict the changes in habitat suitability distribution of Zyginellini under current and future climate scenarios [represented by two shared socio‐economic pathways (SSPs), namely SSP126 and SSP585, for three periods (2050s, 2070s, and 2090s)] in China and the Indo‐China Peninsula for the first time. RESULTS: The results revealed that the distribution of Zyginellini was mainly dominated by minimum temperature of coldest month. Under current and future climate scenarios, Zyginellini was mostly distributed southeast of the 400 mm equivalent precipitation line in China, and Vietnam. Under the future SSP126 scenario, the alert areas will mainly be concentrated in Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Anhui, and Hebei in China, alongside Myanmar and Thailand in the Indo‐China Peninsula. Meanwhile, in the SSP585 scenario, the alert areas in China will increase, whereas there will be little change in the Indo‐China Peninsula. Interestingly, from the current to the future, the cores of Zyginelline distribution occurred around rivers and mountains, and shifted from Guizhou along the Yuanjiang River system to higher latitudes in Hunan. CONCLUSION: Zyginellini prefers higher latitude river‐mountain systems under climate change. Our results will contribute to effective pest control strategies and biogeographical research for Zyginellini alongside other Cicadellidae insects. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mountain Research (10082786) is the property of Mountain Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI) devices has generated an increasing demand for reliability in their utilization. Nevertheless, the significant concern persists regarding the absence of suitable assessment and testing techniques to evaluate the performance of these intelligent systems in real-world conditions. In response to these issues, this paper conducts research on the reliability testing and assessment of AI visual perception systems under vibration stress. The paper introduces the working mechanism of the visual perception system and the various testing methods for AI devices. Based on this, a reliability assessment method for intelligent devices is proposed, which uses the Fréchet distance as the measurement function and environmental adaptability as the reliability metric. Additionally, a vibration test platform for the visual perception system is established, which offers a cost-effective and reliable solution to the high cost issue of field testing for AI devices. Finally, the reliability level of the visual perception system under various vibration conditions is tested through vibration testing. The research findings indicate that the reliability of AI models decreases as the degradation caused by vibration increases, following a normal distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high conductivity silicone rubber prepared by filling silicone rubber with silver plated aluminum powder was studied, and the environmental adaptability of high conductive silicone rubber was analyzed by comparing the performance of the initial and the airborne equipment in the environmental tests. The results show that the high temperature, low temperature, temperature shock, humid heat, salt spray mold, acidic atmosphere, ozone and solar irradiation are nondestructive on the density and hardness of the high conductive silicone rubber. The tensile strength and elongation at break of the rubber decreases after solar irradiation and ozone environment. After 56 days solar irradiation, the surface resistance increases from 0. 028 to 0. 156 Ω, and the electrical performance decreases significantly. Therefore, when designing and using the highly conductive silicone rubber filled with silver-coated aluminum powder, it is necessary to reserve a margin for its conductivity to meet the durability requirements of the equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI) devices has generated an increasing demand for reliability in their utilization. Nevertheless, the significant concern persists regarding the absence of suitable assessment and testing techniques to evaluate the performance of these intelligent systems in real-world conditions. In response to these issues, this paper conducts research on the reliability testing and assessment of AI visual perception systems under vibration stress. The paper introduces the working mechanism of the visual perception system and the various testing methods for AI devices. Based on this, a reliability assessment method for intelligent devices is proposed, which uses the Fréchet distance as the measurement function and environmental adaptability as the reliability metric. Additionally, a vibration test platform for the visual perception system is established, which offers a cost-effective and reliable solution to the high cost issue of field testing for AI devices. Finally, the reliability level of the visual perception system under various vibration conditions is tested through vibration testing. The research findings indicate that the reliability of AI models decreases as the degradation caused by vibration increases, following a normal distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: In the face of the increasingly severe problem of antibiotic resistance, phage therapy is regarded as a highly potential alternative. Compared with traditional antimicrobial agents, a key research area of phage therapy is the study of phage-resistant mutant bacteria. To effectively monitor and prevent this resistance, it is crucial to conduct in-depth exploration of the mechanism behind phage resistance. In this study, a strain of Salmonella enteritidis (sm140) and the corresponding phage (Psm140) were isolated from chicken liver and sewage, respectively. Using the double-layer plate method, successfully screened out phage-resistant mutant strains. Whole-genome resequencing of 3 resistant strains found that the wbaP gene of all 3 strains had mutations at a specific position (1,118), with the base changing from G to A. This mutation causes the gene-encoded glycine to be replaced by aspartic acid. Subsequent studies found that the frequency of this gene mutation is extremely high, reaching 84%, and all mutations occur at the same position. To further explore the relationship between the wbaP gene and phage resistance, knockout strains and complement strains of the wbaP gene were constructed. The experimental results confirmed the association between the wbaP gene and phage resistance. At the same time, biological characteristics and virulence were evaluated for wild strains, resistant strains, knockout strains, and complement strains. It was found that mutations or deletions of the wbaP gene lead to a decrease in bacterial environmental adaptability and virulence. Through systematic research on the mechanism and biological characteristics of phage resistance, this study provides important references and guidance for the development of new phage therapies, promoting progress in the field of antimicrobial treatment. At the same time, the emergence of phage resistance due to wbaP gene mutations is reported for the first time in salmonella, providing a new perspective and ideas for further studying phage resistance mechanisms.

The typical helicopters are the important force in the implementation of three-dimensional assault operations, and play an important role in fire support, three-dimensional supply and comprehensive service support. For the structural form and operational requirements, the use of scenarios facing a variety of low-altitude and ground threats, in the low-altitude ultra-low-altitude low-speed mission of helicopters, which results in its worse service environment and combat environment. By analyzing the threat characteristics of helicopters in combat, the influence of comprehensive protection ability, environmental adaptability and combat injury repair ability on the combat integrity of helicopters in the process of helicopter design use and maintenance is expounded in this paper. The integrity of helicopter use can be ensured by reasonably designing the body structure, improving the survival ability, improving the environmental adaptability of sea, plateau, sand and dust, and establishing a complete battle injury repair ability, which can meet the needs of use.

[Display omitted] • A SEI protective layer is built on the Zn anodes surface to enhance the interface stability. • Hydrogel electrolytes provides superior ionic conductivity and adhesion properties. • ZIHS based on hydrogel electrolytes exhibits excellent environmental adaptability. • The as-designed ZIHS possesses superior rate capability and long-term cycling stability. Hydrogel-based zinc ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZIHS) have stood out from many energy storage device candidates due to their battery-level energy density, inherent flexibility, and safety. Nevertheless, the inevitable dendrite growth of Zn anodes and sharp capacity degradation at low-temperature seriously hinder their practical application. Herein, a dense ZnF 2 solid electrolyte interface protective layer was constructed in situ on the Zn electrode surface by a simple chemical deposition method, effectively isolating the water molecules and alleviating the water-induced dendrite growth and parasitic reaction. To achieve the flexible ZIHS with environmental adaptability, a self-adhesion and anti-freezing zwitterionic hydrogel electrolyte was fabricated to afford superior ionic conductivity (97.1 mS cm−1), excellent anti-drying ability, and robust interfacial adhesion. Benefitting from the integrated merits of the as-designed electrolyte and electrode, the ZIHS delivered excellent mechanical adaptability, favorable energy density (103.9 Wh kg−1 at 270.1 W kg−1), broad operating temperature range (−40 to 40 °C), along with long-term cycling stability (12,000 cycles) with 90.3 % capacity retention at −25 °C. Notably, the unencapsulated ZIHS achieved exceptional electrochemical stability in an open environment. This finding provides valuable insights for constructing durable, flexible, and environmentally adaptable zinc-based energy storage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies have focused on the influence of dietary supplements on gut microbiota composition, but limited research have reported their effects on specific bacterial species in the gut. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is one of the most widely studied probiotics, with a wide range of sources and good environmental adaptability. In this study, in order to elucidate the adaptation strategies of L. plantarum to the gut of mice supplemented with carbohydrates, peptides and minerals, whole genome resequencing and intracellular metabolites detection were performed, and high-frequency mutant genes and differential metabolites were screened. The results suggested different types of dietary supplements do have different effects on L. plantarum from the gut of mice. Additionally, KEGG annotation unveiled that the effects of these dietary supplements on the gene level of L. plantarum primarily pertained to environmental information processing, while the differential metabolites were predominantly associated with metabolism. This study provided new perspectives on the adaptive mechanism of L. plantarum in response to the host’s gut environment, suggesting that the diversity of the genome and metabolome of L. plantarum was correlated with dietary supplements. Furthermore, this study offered useful guidance in the effective utilization of dietary supplements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a novel approach to enhance the maneuverability and adaptability of legged robots in challenging environments is proposed. This approach involves the integration of soft inflatable sensing skin, which provides additional mobile modes and environmental adaptability. The inflated skin's structural properties, such as buoyancy, volumed shape, and physical compliance, enable quadruped robots to extend their mobility to stable swimming and crawling modes. The inflated skin also offers physical protection through cushioning and backing effects, allowing robots to roll down stair‐like structures. Furthermore, the integration of tactile sensors provides the host robot with accurate and intuitive contact information, enabling increased environmental adaptability and responsive behavior. The robot can protect itself from impacts, detect and detour obstacles, and dynamically interact with its surrounding environment. Overall, the proposed approach offers a synergistic integration of soft inflatable sensing skin and tactile sensors to enhance legged robots' maneuverability and adaptability in harsh environments. The integrated system enables robots to achieve challenging missions, extending their capabilities beyond conventional locomotive modes. The proposed approach has significant potential applications in fields such as search and rescue, surveillance, and exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Genetic diversity and heterogeneous genomic signatures in marine fish populations may result from selection pressures driven by the strong effects of environmental change. Nearshore fishes are often exposed to complex environments and human activities, especially those with small ranges. However, studies on genetic diversity and population selection signals in these species have mostly been based on a relatively small number of genetic markers. As a newly recorded species of Sillaginidae, the population genetics and genomic selection signals of Sillago sinica are fragmented or even absent. Results To address this theoretical gap, we performed whole-genome resequencing of 43 S. sinica individuals from Dongying (DY), Qingdao (QD) and Wenzhou (WZ) populations and obtained 4,878,771 high-quality SNPs. Population genetic analysis showed that the genetic diversity of S. sinica populations was low, but the genetic diversity of the WZ population was higher than that of the other two populations. Interestingly, the three populations were not strictly clustered within the group defined by their sampling location but showed an obvious geographic structure signal from the warm temperate to the subtropics. With further analysis, warm-temperate populations exhibited strong selection signals in genomic regions related to nervous system development, sensory function and immune function. However, subtropical populations showed more selective signalling for environmental tolerance and stress signal transduction. Conclusions Genome-wide SNPs provide high-quality data to support genetic studies and localization of selection signals in S. sinica populations. The reduction in genetic diversity may be related to the bottleneck effect. Considering that low genetic diversity leads to reduced environmental adaptability, conservation efforts and genetic diversity monitoring of this species should be increased in the future. Differences in genomic selection signals between warm temperate and subtropical populations may be related to human activities and changes in environmental complexity. This study deepened the understanding of population genetics and genomic selection signatures in nearshore fishes and provided a theoretical basis for exploring the potential mechanisms of genomic variation in marine fishes driven by environmental selection pressures.

【Objective】The global coral reef ecosystem is rapidly degrading due to the combined effects of climate change and human activities, which highlights the need to explore the environmental adaptation mechanisms of corals. The environmental adaptability of coral hosts is closely related to symbiotic Symbiodiniaceae, however, the ecological effects of Symbiodiniaceae driven by seasonal variation still need to be further understood.【Method】An environment-sensitive coral Acropora pruinosa from the Weizhou Island, Beibu Gulf was taken as the research object to carry out fixed-point sampling and environmental data monitoring, and analyze the density, community composition, chlorophyll a concentration and correlation with environmental variables of symbiotic Symbiodiniaceae in four different quarters.【Result】The coral reef area was characterized by high temperature and strong light in summer and low temperature and weak light in winter. The density of Symbiodiniaceae and the concentration of chlorophyll a showed the characteristics of decreasing in summer and increasing in winter. The subclade C1 always occupied the dominant position (79.35%-82.97%), and the relative abundance of background subclades such as C1ca, C1p, C72, and Cspc significantly varied with seasonal variation. There were significant differences in the structure of Symbiodiniaceae communities between summer and winter. The contribution of surface seawater temperature (SST) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) to the changes in Symbiodiniaceae community structure was higher than chlorophyll a, Kd490, and particulate organic carbon.【Conclusion】The environmental characteristics of high temperature and strong light in summer and low temperature and weak light in winter on Weizhou Island regulate the seasonal changes of Symbiodiniaceae density and chlorophyll a concentration by affecting the photosynthesis of Symbiodiniaceae. Moreover, the physiological characteristics of the C1 subclade ensure that A. pruinosa can adapt to the environment of Weizhou Island. In addition, the SST and PAR affect the abundance changes of the background Symbiodiniaceae, leading to significant differences in community structure.The correlation analysis showed that the SST and PAR were the main factors driving the changes of density, stable symbiosis (subclade C1), and community structure of Symbiodiniaceae. This study took A. pruinosa as an example to analyze the micro-ecological characteristics of coral-associated Symbiodiniaceae adapting to seasonal variation, providing a new understanding about the adaptation of environment-sensitive corals to environmental changes.

Pathogenic Salmonella strains causing gastroenteritis typically can colonize and proliferate in the intestines of multiple host species. They retain the ability to form red dry and rough (rdar) biofilms, as seen in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Conversely, Salmonella serovar like Typhi, which can cause systemic infections and exhibit host restriction, are rdar-negative. In this study, duck-derived strains and swine-derived strains of S. Typhimurium locate on independent phylogenetic clades and display relative genomic specificity. The duck isolates appear more closely related to human blood isolates and invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS), whereas the swine isolates were more distinct. Phenotypically, compared to duck isolates, swine isolates exhibited enhanced biofilm formation that was unaffected by the temperature. The transcriptomic analysis revealed the upregulation of csgDEFG transcription as the direct cause. This upregulation may be mainly attributed to the enhanced promoter activity caused by the G-to-T substitution at position −44 of the csgD promoter. Swine isolates have created biofilm polymorphisms by altering a conserved base present in Salmonella Typhi, iNTS, and most Salmonella Typhimurium (such as duck isolates). This provides a genomic characteristics perspective for understanding Salmonella transmission cycles and evolution.

Abstract Visual odometry is critical in visual simultaneous localization and mapping for robot navigation. However, the pose estimation performance of most current visual odometry algorithms degrades in scenes with unevenly distributed features because dense features occupy excessive weight. Herein, a new human visual attention mechanism for point-and-line stereo visual odometry, which is called point-line-weight-mechanism visual odometry (PLWM-VO), is proposed to describe scene features in a global and balanced manner. A weight-adaptive model based on region partition and region growth is generated for the human visual attention mechanism, where sufficient attention is assigned to position-distinctive objects (sparse features in the environment). Furthermore, the sum of absolute differences algorithm is used to improve the accuracy of initialization for line features. Compared with the state-of-the-art method (ORB-VO), PLWM-VO show a 36.79% reduction in the absolute trajectory error on the Kitti and Euroc datasets. Although the time consumption of PLWM-VO is higher than that of ORB-VO, online test results indicate that PLWM-VO satisfies the real-time demand. The proposed algorithm not only significantly promotes the environmental adaptability of visual odometry, but also quantitatively demonstrates the superiority of the human visual attention mechanism.

In this article, a novel approach to enhance the maneuverability and adaptability of legged robots in challenging environments is proposed. This approach involves the integration of soft inflatable sensing skin, which provides additional mobile modes and environmental adaptability. The inflated skin's structural properties, such as buoyancy, volumed shape, and physical compliance, enable quadruped robots to extend their mobility to stable swimming and crawling modes. The inflated skin also offers physical protection through cushioning and backing effects, allowing robots to roll down stair‐like structures. Furthermore, the integration of tactile sensors provides the host robot with accurate and intuitive contact information, enabling increased environmental adaptability and responsive behavior. The robot can protect itself from impacts, detect and detour obstacles, and dynamically interact with its surrounding environment. Overall, the proposed approach offers a synergistic integration of soft inflatable sensing skin and tactile sensors to enhance legged robots’ maneuverability and adaptability in harsh environments. The integrated system enables robots to achieve challenging missions, extending their capabilities beyond conventional locomotive modes. The proposed approach has significant potential applications in fields such as search and rescue, surveillance, and exploration.

Background: Genetic diversity and heterogeneous genomic signatures in marine fish populations may result from selection pressures driven by the strong effects of environmental change. Nearshore fishes are often exposed to complex environments and human activities, especially those with small ranges. However, studies on genetic diversity and population selection signals in these species have mostly been based on a relatively small number of genetic markers. As a newly recorded species of Sillaginidae, the population genetics and genomic selection signals of Sillago sinica are fragmented or even absent. Results: To address this theoretical gap, we performed whole-genome resequencing of 43 S. sinica individuals from Dongying (DY), Qingdao (QD) and Wenzhou (WZ) populations and obtained 4,878,771 high-quality SNPs. Population genetic analysis showed that the genetic diversity of S. sinica populations was low, but the genetic diversity of the WZ population was higher than that of the other two populations. Interestingly, the three populations were not strictly clustered within the group defined by their sampling location but showed an obvious geographic structure signal from the warm temperate to the subtropics. With further analysis, warm-temperate populations exhibited strong selection signals in genomic regions related to nervous system development, sensory function and immune function. However, subtropical populations showed more selective signalling for environmental tolerance and stress signal transduction. Conclusions: Genome-wide SNPs provide high-quality data to support genetic studies and localization of selection signals in S. sinica populations. The reduction in genetic diversity may be related to the bottleneck effect. Considering that low genetic diversity leads to reduced environmental adaptability, conservation efforts and genetic diversity monitoring of this species should be increased in the future. Differences in genomic selection signals between warm temperate and subtropical populations may be related to human activities and changes in environmental complexity. This study deepened the understanding of population genetics and genomic selection signatures in nearshore fishes and provided a theoretical basis for exploring the potential mechanisms of genomic variation in marine fishes driven by environmental selection pressures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conductive gels are perfect for various sensor applications due to their inherent stretchability, flexibility, and electrical conductivity. However, their poor environmental adaptability and low fracture toughness restrict their potential applications. In this study, resorcinol‐formaldehyde resin (RF) is used for the first time as a rigid network compounded with a flexible polyacrylic acid (PAA) network to successfully prepare a double network (DN) deep eutectic solvent gel (RF/PAA DN gel). The gel has high stress strength (1.04 MPa), compressive strength (10.63 MPa), and toughness (1.07 MJ m−3). The addition of RF significantly improves the mechanical properties and gives the RF/PAA DN gel certain photothermal effects, swelling resistance, and flame retardancy, broadening the scope of use and application of the gel. Importantly, as a multifunctional sensor, it can combine deformation sensing, temperature sensing, optical sensing, humidity sensing, and underwater sensing into one, with a wide range of stimuli responses and excellent sensing properties. Excellent environmental suitability also allows its use in a wide range of temperatures (−20−90 °C), humidity (55%−90% RH), underwater, and in fire conditions. The work provides new ideas for choosing rigid networks and a novel strategy for developing multifunctional sensors with excellent performance in complex environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on various species has revealed a connection between genome size variation and the physiological and ecological characteristics of the species, suggesting that it could be a crucial factor influencing a species’ adaptability to different environments. Wheat, being one of the world’s three primary grains, holds significance in this regard. Investigating the genome size of wheat and analyzing the genetic factors contributing to its variation could offer valuable insights for enhancing wheat agronomic traits. This project has developed a conservative site ratio calculation approach to determine the size of the wheat genome. Additionally, it employs flow cytometry and k-mer distribution analysis to validate this method. Furthermore, the researchers use re-sequencing data to investigate the impact of environmental selection pressure and transposon dynamics on the variation in the size of the wheat genome. The findings from this study demonstrate a strong relationship between the size of the wheat genome and several environmental factors. These results serve as a valuable reference for understanding the development of variation in the size of the hetero-hexaploid wheat genome. Moreover, they contribute to advancing fundamental research on the genetic mechanisms underlying wheat characteristics. Additionally, the study paves the way for exploring new research directions in wheat breeding, which holds promise for future advancements in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frequent marine oil spills have led to increasingly serious oil pollution along shorelines. Microbial remediation has become a research hotspot of intertidal oil pollution remediation because of its high efficiency, low cost, environmental friendliness, and simple operation. Many microorganisms are able to convert oil pollutants into non-toxic substances through their growth and metabolism. Microorganisms use enzymes' catalytic activities to degrade oil pollutants. However, microbial remediation efficiency is affected by the properties of the oil pollutants, microbial community, and environmental conditions. Feasible field microbial remediation technologies for oil spill pollution in the shorelines mainly include the addition of high-efficiency oil degrading bacteria (immobilized bacteria), nutrients, biosurfactants, and enzymes. Limitations to the field application of microbial remediation technology mainly include slow start-up, rapid failure, long remediation time, and uncontrolled environmental impact. Improving the environmental adaptability of microbial remediation technology and developing sustainable microbial remediation technology will be the focus of future research. The feasibility of microbial remediation techniques should also be evaluated comprehensively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As China's tourism industry is on the right track, the country has gradually paid more attention to the ecological protection of tourism areas. Under the concept of sustainable development, the research on environmental adaptability of tourist attractions has become a hotspot. This study took Huanglongxi Ancient Town in Shuangliu District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province as the research object, and determined seven ecological protection spaces of Huanglongxi Ancient Town by MSPA method, and then used the landscape connectivity method to identify the priority of ecological sources. The high green space and water are the "source", and finally the path network is constructed using space syntax, and the relationship between the flow of people and the path resistance disturbance is calculated. After analysis, it is concluded that Huanglongxi Ancient Town has 2 green spaces with higher priority and 1 water area with higher priority. The route layout can meet the current annual reception volume and will not cause obvious congestion during the daily peak. Huanglongxi Ancient Town has 6 enterprises above designated size and 20,000 square kilometers of arable land. The average dLLC of the green space in Huanglongxi Ancient Town is 19.10, the average dPC is 20.92, the maximum time resistance is 0.951 + 1.703*10 - 7 *V 151.3 , and the maximum time resistance disturbance is 0.999. Huanglongxi Ancient Town can pass between paths 7–8. Add new paths to improve the path situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The global coral reef ecosystem is rapidly degrading due to the combined effects of climate change and human activities, which highlights the need to explore the environmental adaptation mechanisms of corals. The environmental adaptability of coral hosts is closely related to symbiotic Symbiodiniaceae, however, the ecological effects of Symbiodiniaceae driven by seasonal variation still need to be further understood.【Method】An environment-sensitive coral Acropora pruinosa from the Weizhou Island, Beibu Gulf was taken as the research object to carry out fixed-point sampling and environmental data monitoring, and analyze the density, community composition, chlorophyll a concentration and correlation with environmental variables of symbiotic Symbiodiniaceae in four different quarters.【Result】The coral reef area was characterized by high temperature and strong light in summer and low temperature and weak light in winter. The density of Symbiodiniaceae and the concentration of chlorophyll a showed the characteristics of decreasing in summer and increasing in winter. The subclade C1 always occupied the dominant position (79.35%-82.97%), and the relative abundance of background subclades such as C1ca, C1p, C72, and Cspc significantly varied with seasonal variation. There were significant differences in the structure of Symbiodiniaceae communities between summer and winter. The contribution of surface seawater temperature (SST) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) to the changes in Symbiodiniaceae community structure was higher than chlorophyll a, Kd490, and particulate organic carbon.【Conclusion】The environmental characteristics of high temperature and strong light in summer and low temperature and weak light in winter on Weizhou Island regulate the seasonal changes of Symbiodiniaceae density and chlorophyll a concentration by affecting the photosynthesis of Symbiodiniaceae. Moreover, the physiological characteristics of the C1 subclade ensure that A. pruinosa can adapt to the environment of Weizhou Island. In addition, the SST and PAR affect the abundance changes of the background Symbiodiniaceae, leading to significant differences in community structure.The correlation analysis showed that the SST and PAR were the main factors driving the changes of density, stable symbiosis (subclade C1), and community structure of Symbiodiniaceae. This study took A. pruinosa as an example to analyze the micro-ecological characteristics of coral-associated Symbiodiniaceae adapting to seasonal variation, providing a new understanding about the adaptation of environment-sensitive corals to environmental changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]