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BACKGROUND: Wound healing involves the repair of skin and other soft tissues after an injury. Royal jelly, a product of bees, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. Melatonin, a circadian indoleamine, is produced in the pineal gland and other organs. This study explores the effects of melatonin and royal jelly, both individually and combined, on wound healing in geriatric and young mice. METHODS: The study includes 90 Balb/C mice divided into ten groups to assess the effects of royal jelly and melatonin on wound healing. Royal jelly was applied topically at a concentration of 300 mg/kg. Melatonin was formulated in a vaseline-based pomade at a concentration of 5 mg/kg. The substances were applied either separately or in combination to wounds created on the mice. RESULTS: Both substances significantly enhanced wound healing at a macroscopic level in both age groups. Melatonin was found to be more effective during the initial wound formation process, whereas royal jelly was more beneficial during the granulation phase. However, significant results at a histopathological level were observed only in geriatric animals. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest a potential new therapeutic approach to enhance wound healing, particularly in elderly individuals. However, these findings need to be supported through further research and clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ducrosia anethifolia is an aromatic desert plant used in Saudi folk medicine to treat skin infections. It is widely found in Middle Eastern countries. Methods: A methanolic extract of the plant was prepared, and its phytoconstituents were determined using LC-MS. In-vitro and in-vivo antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the methanolic extract were evaluated against multidrug-resistant bacteria. The cytotoxic effect was assessed using HaCaT cell lines in-vitro. Diabetic mice were used to study the in-vivo antibiofilm and wound healing activity using the excision wound method. Results: More than 50 phytoconstituents were found in the extract after LC-MS analysis. The extract exhibited antibacterial activity against both the tested pathogens. The extract was free of irritant effects on mice skin, and no cytotoxicity was observed on HaCaT cells with an IC50 value of 1381 µg/ml. The ointment formulation of the extract increased the healing of diabetic wounds. The microbial load of both pathogens in the wounded tissue was also reduced after the treatment. The extract was more effective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) than MDR-P. aeruginosa in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Further, skin regeneration was also observed in histological studies. Conclusions: The results showed that D. anethifolia methanol extract supports wound healing in infected wounds in diabetic mice through antibacterial, antibiofilm, and wound healing activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cutaneous wound healing consists of four stages: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation/repair, and remodeling. While healthy wounds normally heal in four to six weeks, a variety of underlying medical conditions can impair the progression through the stages of wound healing, resulting in the development of chronic, non-healing wounds. Great progress has been made in developing wound dressings and improving surgical techniques, yet challenges remain in finding effective therapeutics that directly promote healing. This review examines the current understanding of the pro-healing effects of targeted pharmaceuticals, re-purposed drugs, natural products, and cell-based therapies on the various cell types present in normal and chronic wounds. Overall, despite several promising studies, there remains only one therapeutic approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Becaplermin, shown to significantly improve wound closure in the clinic. This highlights the need for new approaches aimed at understanding and targeting the underlying mechanisms impeding wound closure and moving the field from the management of chronic wounds towards resolving wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) oil is widely recognized for antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. This oil also has the potential to expedite collagen production and facilitate epithelialization, which are essential for wound healing. Furthermore, epithelialization comprises the formation of epithelial cells at wound edges, typically in 3 to 14 days after the injury. Several reports have shown that this process is facilitated by the presence of bioactive components, such as patchouli alcohol, ß-patchoulene, ß-farnesene, a-guanine, flavonoids, and saponins from patchouli oil. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of Aceh patchouli oil on epithelialization in full-thickness wound of Mus musculus. A total of 28 male mice received incision wound and were divided into four groups, which were given crude patchouli oil (CPO) (Group 1), light fraction of patchouli (CPO1) (Group 2), heavy fraction of patchouli (CPO2) (Group 3), and lanolin (Control/Group 4). Transparent dressings were then used for the daily wound care regimen, followed by comprehensive histopathological examinations to assess the outcomes after 15 days. The results showed that the average thickness of the skin epithelium formed with the application of CPO, CPO1, CPO2, and control was 128.4 µ, 127.7 µ, 84.9 µ, and 126.0 µ, respectively. ANOVA analysis showed a remarkable increase in epithelial thickness in groups 1 and 2 compared to 3. This showed that the light fraction of patchouli oil had significant potential for enhancing wound healing compared to heavy fraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Animal Health, Production & Hygiene is the property of Animal Health, Production & Hygiene and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: In the sphere of skin grafting, a variety of treatments have been recommended for donor site healing including the application of ice, utilization of topical agents like lidocaine and bupivacaine, and the use of wound dressings based on hydrocolloid and polyurethane coupled with fibrin sealant. The tumescent technique, evolving steadily over the past 20 years, has proven beneficial in accelerating healing at the graft donor sites. However, limited studies are available that contrast the healing rates of donor sites post tumescent solution infiltration to the non-infiltration approach. The objectives of this study are: a) To ascertain the percentage of wound healing by epithelization at the donor site on day 10 post-surgery. b) To evaluate pain relief at the donor site using the visual analog scale on the first postoperative day. Methodology: Upon securing informed written consent and conducting a detailed history and clinical examination of the patients, they were segregated into two distinct groups. Group A (n=30) underwent tumescent infiltration at the donor site, while Group B (n=30) did not. The division was facilitated by an odd and even numbering scheme. The tumescent solution utilized in Group A comprised 1 mg (1:1000) adrenaline mixed in 500 mL of saline. Following the skin graft procedure, the donor site was examined closely. Documentation of healing and pain relief was done on days 10 and 1 post-operation respectively, using the wound tracing and visual analog pain scale techniques. Results: The study unveiled that the average pain score on the first postoperative day was markedly lower in the tumescent group (3.97 ± 0.89) compared to the non-tumescent group (5.6 ± 0.89). Moreover, a higher rate of epithelization was noted on the tenth day post-operation in the tumescent group (68.33 ± 10.11) as opposed to the non-tumescent group (51.33 ± 8.9). Conclusion: The study elucidates that the tumescent technique significantly mitigates postoperative complications and encourages faster healing compared to the non-tumescent technique. This implies a superior efficacy in terms of both pain alleviation and heightened epithelization rate at the donor site when the tumescent infiltration method is adopted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundDucrosia anethifolia is an aromatic desert plant used in Saudi folk medicine to treat skin infections. It is widely found in Middle Eastern countries.MethodsA methanolic extract of the plant was prepared, and its phytoconstituents were determined using LC-MS. In-vitro and in-vivo antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the methanolic extract were evaluated against multidrug-resistant bacteria. The cytotoxic effect was assessed using HaCaT cell lines in-vitro. Diabetic mice were used to study the in-vivo antibiofilm and wound healing activity using the excision wound method.ResultsMore than 50 phytoconstituents were found in the extract after LC-MS analysis. The extract exhibited antibacterial activity against both the tested pathogens. The extract was free of irritant effects on mice skin, and no cytotoxicity was observed on HaCaT cells with an IC50 value of 1381 µg/ml. The ointment formulation of the extract increased the healing of diabetic wounds. The microbial load of both pathogens in the wounded tissue was also reduced after the treatment. The extract was more effective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) than MDR-P. aeruginosa in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Further, skin regeneration was also observed in histological studies.ConclusionsThe results showed that D. anethifolia methanol extract supports wound healing in infected wounds in diabetic mice through antibacterial, antibiofilm, and wound healing activities.

The investigation of novel phytochemicals for the prevention and treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens is gaining attention. The current study evaluated the in-vitro antimicrobial activity of kaempferol against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Its in-vivo efficacy in inhibiting these pathogens was determined using an excision wound model in nicotinamide-streptozocin- -induced diabetic rats. Kaempferol displayed an inhibitory effect against the tested bacteria both in vitro and in vivo. It also healed excision wounds at a 1% (w/w) concentration. An increase in antioxidant enzymes in wounded tissue was observed on kaempferol treatment. A reduction in the MRSA and P. aeruginosa counts in wounded tissue together with a reduced epithelization period was observed when compared to the infected control. A thicker epithelium, new capillaries, and a decrease in inflammatory cells were detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Furthermore, an increase in collagen fibers and their deposition was observed by Masson’s trichrome staining. Kaempferol at 40 µM did not display any toxicity for human keratinocytes grown in media containing high glucose and it did not affect the expression of the pro-healing cytokines genes vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-b-1 (TGFβ1). Kaempferol displayed antibacterial and antioxidant actions but did not increase the expression of proliferative genes.

Quercus spp. (Oak) has been used in traditional medicine due to its medicinal properties for centuries. However, its effect on wound healing in the skin is well unknown. This experimental trial was performed to evaluate in vivo wound healing of Oak acorn in the skin of rats. In the present trial, 24 Wistar albino rats were allocated to three groups equally, control (n = 8), Madecassol® (n = 8), and Oak acorn (n = 8). The circular excision wound models by biopsy punch device were applied in the interscapular region in rats. Oak acorn and Madecassol® pomade have been applied to experimental groups per day and normal saline solution and glycerin have been given to the control group locally as placebo. Blood and skin tissue were collected to evaluate histopathological and biochemical alterations on days 7th and 15th. In comparison with the control group, the topical administration of Oak acorn showed definite effects on epithelization, proliferative impacts on fibroblast cells, and enhancing effect on collagen formation by reducing inflammation and edema. Biochemical investigations of skin and blood tissues exhibited that fluctuated malondialdehyde and antioxidant defense system components were rehabilitated in the Oak acorn group. This experimental study revealed that pomade obtained from the Oak acorn displays remarkable wound-healing activity.

Long-term chronic inflammation in combination with persistent human papillomavirus infection is one of the potential causes of cervical dysplasia and cancer. Surgical treatment of severe dysplasia, transient insufficiency of the epithelial layer, inflammation that occurs as a result of postoperative trauma can cause long-term consequences for the vaginal biotope. The correct choice of the drug during the rehabilitation period after surgical treatment will prevent the development of complications and recurrences of vaginal flora disorders. The objective: to reduce the frequency of complications after excisional treatment in women with severe cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of using vaginal forms of antimicrobial and antiseptic drugs during postoperative rehabilitation. Materials and methods. 79 women of reproductive age with verified severe cervical intraepithelial neoplasia participated in the study and were divided into three groups. All patients had excisional treatment – radio wave conization of the cervix. In the postoperative period women of the 1st group (n=27) were prescribed a preparation for intravaginal use based on chlorophyllipt thick extract, the 2nd group (n=26) – a preparation that includes chlorophyllipt thick extract and chlorhexidine bigluconate, the 3rd group group (n=26) – suppositorium with chlorhexidine. The postoperative period was divided into 2 visits: on the 30-35th and 60-65th day. Complaints, the degree of subjective feeling of comfort during treatment, the duration and degree of epithelization of the cervix, violation of the biocenosis of the vagina and complications in the form of acute inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, strictures of the cervical canal, bleeding in the postoperative period were studied. Results. According to the results of the study, the drug which was prescribed to women of the 2nd group, demonstrated the highest clinical effectiveness both on the 30-35th and on the 60-65th day of the postoperative period, in contrast to the women of the 1st and 3rd groups. The high degree of subjective feeling of comfort after the treatment with the drug, which contains chlorophyllipt extract thick and chlorhexidine bigluconate (women of the 2nd group), on the 30-35th day was 88.46%, which is 14.38% more than in women of the 1st group – 74.08% and by 23.08% more than in patients of the 3rd group – 65.38%. Complete epithelization of the cervix in women of the 2nd group was finished in 76.92%, which is 21.36% more than in the women of the 1st group (55.56%), and 7.69% more than in the patients of the 3rd group (69.23%). Biocenosis of the vagina was evaluated according to the Hay-Ison criteria: in the women of the 2nd group the 1st degree of purity was found in 76.92%, in contrast to the patients of the 1st group – 55, 56%, which is 21.36% more, and 11.54% more than that of women of the 3rd group – 65.38%. After 60–65 days of the postoperative period according to the research data, all women of the 2nd group had complete epithelization of the cervix, normocenosis – in 88.46% of women, in contrast to single-component antiseptic preparations; all patients noted a high degree of subjective feeling of comfort. None of the women from the three studied groups had complications such as acute pelvic inflammatory disease, bleeding and strictures of the cervical canal during the entire observation period. Conclusions. The use of vaginal forms of antiseptics in a combination of chlorhexidine bigluconate and chlorophyllipt extract in women with severe cervical intraepithelial neoplasia demonstrated the highest effectiveness in rehabilitation in the postoperative period compared to single-component antiseptic preparations containing chlorophyllipt or chlorhexidine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effect of different pH phosphate buffer solution (PBS) drops on intact corneal biomechanics. Intact rabbit cornea with a 3 mm scleral skirt was sampled and immediately applied in inflation tests within 5 min. After preconditioning, a stable loading cycle from 0.3 to 6 kPa was performed followed by a 10 min interval. During the interval, the samples were randomized into four groups, with one control group receiving no drops and three groups with PBS drops of pH 6.9, 7.4 or 7.9 administration on the surface once per minute. The pressure and displacement were collected at the baseline and 10, 20 and 30 min following the administration. Continuous corneal thickness increase was manifested following the administration of PBS but not in the control group. There was significant swelling-independent corneal modulus reduction after PBS administration, which occurred mainly in the first 10 min. PBS of pH 6.9 achieved significantly smaller modulus reduction than that with pH 7.4 PBS adjusted for thickness changes (p < 0.05). Pressure-modulus curve linear fitting demonstrated that the curve coefficient significantly reduced following PBS administration, and the coefficient decline was smallest with pH 6.9 PBS among three PBS administration groups (p < 0.05). The study demonstrated that the PBS drops of various pH administration could decrease the corneal stiffness independent of corneal swelling. Following the PBS administration, the stiffness changes were more prominent as the posterior pressure increased, and the minimal effect was achieved with slightly acidic PBS. The research provides the essence for stabilizing the corneal biomechanical properties by regulating the pH value of tear film and intraocular pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quercus spp. (Oak) has been used in traditional medicine due to its medicinal properties for centuries. However, its effect on wound healing in the skin is well unknown. This experimental trial was performed to evaluate in vivo wound healing of Oak acorn in the skin of rats. In the present trial, 24 Wistar albino rats were allocated to three groups equally, control (n = 8), Madecassol® (n = 8), and Oak acorn (n = 8). The circular excision wound models by biopsy punch device were applied in the interscapular region in rats. Oak acorn and Madecassol® pomade have been applied to experimental groups per day and normal saline solution and glycerin have been given to the control group locally as placebo. Blood and skin tissue were collected to evaluate histopathological and biochemical alterations on days 7th and 15th. In comparison with the control group, the topical administration of Oak acorn showed definite effects on epithelization, proliferative impacts on fibroblast cells, and enhancing effect on collagen formation by reducing inflammation and edema. Biochemical investigations of skin and blood tissues exhibited that fluctuated malondialdehyde and antioxidant defense system components were rehabilitated in the Oak acorn group. This experimental study revealed that pomade obtained from the Oak acorn displays remarkable woundhealing activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common groups of viruses. Almost all sexually active people can be included in the risk group of HPV infection. Numerous studies indicate a significant prevalence of HPV with a high oncogenic risk, especially among women under 30 years of age. The course of HPV depends on the state of the immune system and can be transient, latent or persistent. A significant role belongs to the state of local immunity and vaginal microbiota. Long-term persistence of HPV in the tissues of the lower part of the genital tract organs provokes the development of precancer and cancer processes. The objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of a vaginal gel based on Coriolus versicolor in the treatment of low-grade cervical lesions caused by HPV. Materials and methods. This study involved 91 HPV-positive women with low-grade pap smear lesions who had regular colposcopy. Women were randomized (in a 1:1:1 ratio) to three treatment groups: A treatment, B treatment, and a control group (expectant approach). Results. Since the state of the immune system largely determines the course of HPV infection, the modern approach to the treatment of HPV-associated diseases involves the use of local intravaginal antiviral and immunomodulatory therapy, which promotes the elimination of pathogens and ensures full epithelization of the cervix, reducing the frequency of recurrence, which preserves women’s reproductive health. The percentage of patients with a normal Pap smear and serial colposcopy in 6 months was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group (84.9% vs. 64.5%, respectively; p=0.031; this difference was even more prominent in the high-risk subgroup of HPV-infected women (87.8% vs. 56.0% for the treatment and control groups, respectively; p=0.003). Significant differences were also observed at 3 months in the overall sample of patients (78.0% vs. 54.8% for the treatment and control groups, respectively; p=0.023) and the subgroup of high-risk HPV-infected women (79.5% vs. 52 .0%, respectively; p=0.017). Conclusions. Treatment with a Coriolus versicolor vaginal gel has demonstrated greater clinical benefit than a standard expectant approach in clinical practice for patients with total and high risk of HPV infection for the treatment efficacy of HPVrelated cervical lesions and removal of all HPV strains from the organism after one six-month period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cutaneous wound healing consists of four stages: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation/repair, and remodeling. While healthy wounds normally heal in four to six weeks, a variety of underlying medical conditions can impair the progression through the stages of wound healing, resulting in the development of chronic, non-healing wounds. Great progress has been made in developing wound dressings and improving surgical techniques, yet challenges remain in finding effective therapeutics that directly promote healing. This review examines the current understanding of the pro-healing effects of targeted pharmaceuticals, re-purposed drugs, natural products, and cell-based therapies on the various cell types present in normal and chronic wounds. Overall, despite several promising studies, there remains only one therapeutic approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Becaplermin, shown to significantly improve wound closure in the clinic. This highlights the need for new approaches aimed at understanding and targeting the underlying mechanisms impeding wound closure and moving the field from the management of chronic wounds towards resolving wounds.

Oral mucosa is an inner lining of oral cavity, which maintains different functions including protection of epithelial integrity. Pathology of oral mucosa can develop in response to the action of pathogenic microorganisms, viruses, and various traumatic factors; it can be a result of systemic pathology of a patient as well. Pain and discomfort usually accompanies such conditions leading to decrease of patient wellbeing. The basis of the pharmacological regulation of the regeneration process is the stimulation of wound healing. The aim is to summarize and discuss the spectrum of remedy options that are used to stimulate epithelization of oral mucosa. The overall goal of the paper is to provide full and comprehensive information for dentists and their patients about medicament variety, ways of theirs application and dosage. Methods. Relevant literature from MEDLINE (PubMed), Google Scholar, and in open access journals which are published by Elsevier was selected using the following key words «oral mucosa», «epithelization», and «remedy» were used in various combinations by the year of 2023. In total there were found 48 papers. To the selected scientific papers we applied the inclusion and exclusion criteria to choose the relevant ones. Conclusions. A significant number of drugs for the treatment of inflammatory processes in the oral cavity are available nowadays on dental market. Numerous studies substantiates the effectiveness of their use in dentistry. Therefore, when choosing pharmacological drugs, preference is given to drugs with a complex effect, which locally affect various links of the pathogenetic mechanism of the occurrence of diseases and do not disturb human wellbeing.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the leading causes of infection worldwide. Clove oil's ability to inhibit the growth of MRSA was studied through in vitro and in vivo studies. The phytochemical components of clove oil were determined through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The antibacterial effects of clove oil and its interaction with imipenem were determined by studying MIC, MBC, and FIC indices in vitro. The in vivo wound-healing effect of the clove oil and infection control were determined using excision wound model rats. The GC-MS analysis of clove oil revealed the presence of 16 volatile compounds. Clove oil showed a good antibacterial effect in vitro but no interaction was observed with imipenem. Clove bud oil alone or in combination with imipenem healed wounds faster and reduced the microbial load in wounds. The findings of this study confirmed the antibacterial activity of clove oil in vitro and in vivo and demonstrated its interaction with imipenem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate wound healing, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Cedrus deodara and Pinus roxburghii. The chloroform extract of C. deodara was found to possess significant wound healing potential, as evident from the rate of wound contraction, epithelization and hydroxyproline expression. The chloroform extract of C. deodara also exhibited very good antimicrobial activity and a marked dose-dependent reducing power and total antioxidant activity. Furthermore, five sesquiterpenes, namely, atlantone, himaphenolone, atlantolone, deodardione, and (E)-(2S, 3S, 6R)-atlantone-2, 3-diol, were also identified from this extract. A marked dose-dependent reducing power and strong total antioxidant capacity were found in favor of himaphenolone and (E)-(2S, 3S, 6R)-atlantone-2, 3-diol that explain the possible means of activity. The chloroform extract of C. deodara showed the wound healing, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities primarily due to the presence of sesquiterpenes. This study showed a scientific rationale for the traditional use of C. deodara and P. roxburghii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corneal defects can seriously affect human vision, and keratoplasty is the most widely accepted therapy method for visual rehabilitation. Currently, effective treatment for clinical patients has been restricted due to a serious shortage of donated cornea tissue and high-quality artificial repair materials. As the predominant component of cornea tissue, collagen-based materials have promising applications for corneal repair. However, the corneal nerve repair and epithelization process after corneal transplantation must be improved. This research proposes a new collagen-based scaffold with good biocompatibility and biological functionality enhanced by surface chemical grafting of natural taurine molecular. The chemical composition of collagen-taurine (Col-Tau) material is evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and its hydrophilic properties, light transmittance, swelling performance and mechanical tensile properties have been measured. The research results indicate that the Col-Tau sample has high transmittance and good mechanical properties, and exhibits excellent capacity to promote corneal nerve cell growth and the epithelization process of corneal epithelial cells. This novel Col-Tau material, which can be easily prepared at a low cost, should have significant application potential for the treating corneal disease in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery / Ulusal Travma ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and Aim: Individual herbs, according to Ayurveda, are insufficient to provide the intended medicinal effect. When it is adjusted as a multiple herb composition in a certain ratio, it provides a greater medicinal impact with less toxicity. This investigation is an attempt to evaluate wound healing activity of poly herbal formulation along with in-vitro and in-vivo pharmacological activity on Swiss albino rats. Experimental Procedure: Full skin defects were made in the dorsal region of rats in order to examine wound healing. The activity of the polyherbal formulation was carried out by in-vitro (hydroxyproline, collagen and hexosamine) and in-vivo (excision and burn) assays along with histopathological study. Silver sulfadiazine was used as standard drug for the experimental work of this project while ketamine hydrochloride (20mg/kg intramuscular) was used as anesthize agent. The use of 2 μg/ml and 4 μg/ml formulations resulted in substantial mobilization of keratinocytes and fibroblasts at the injury site, respectively. In case of in vitro activity, effect of polyherbal formulation on biochemical measures such as hydroxyproline, collagen and hexosamine turnover were enhanced compared with untreated group. Results: Polyherbal formulation containing herbal extract was applied on wound area on day 0, 3rd, 6th, and 9th and was found to be more significant. Burn wound area on last day was observed 26.30 ± 0.5 while surgically produced wound area was 13.666± 0.8. Conclusion: Finally, on the basis of above results, we can conclude that polyherbal formulation may be a breakthrough for the treatment of wound healing in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adipose derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ADSCs) represent a fascinating tool in the scenario of wound healing and regenerative medicine. Recent data already demonstrated that ADSCs could exert a stimulatory action on epithelial cells through secretion of soluble factors. The aim of the present study was to assess how ADSCs guide wound re‐epithelization in vitro in the presence of keratinocytes. We used an organotypic model of wound healing and we seeded keratinocytes on a ADSC‐induced dermal matrix. Conventional hematoxylin–eosin stain and immunohistochemistry staining for Ki67, p63 and pan‐keratins were performed at different timepoints. Histological sections of organotypic cultures showed complete coverage of the ADSC‐induced matrix by keratinocytes. Proliferation of basal stem cells was found to be the main mechanism responsible for epithelization of the dermis. In conclusion, ADSC do not only stimulate dermal regeneration through collagen deposition but also promote epithelization. Highlights: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are widely used in regenerative medicine and wound healing.MSCs do not only stimulate dermal regeneration through collagen deposition but also promote epithelization.MSCs directly target the basal stem cell niche and promote its proliferation, migration and subsequent differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser soldering is a current biophotonic technique for the surgical recovery of the integrity of soft tissues. This technology involves the use of a device providing laser exposure to the cut edges of the wound with a solder applied. The proposed solder consisted of an aqueous dispersion of biopolymer albumin (25 wt.%), single-walled carbon nanotubes (0.1 wt.%) and exogenous indocyanine green chromophore (0.1 wt.%). Under laser exposure, the dispersion transforms into a nanocomposite due to the absorption of radiation and its conversion into heat. The nanocomposite is a frame structure of carbon nanotubes in a biopolymer matrix, which provides adhesion of the wound edges and the formation of a strong laser weld. A new laser device based on a diode laser (808 nm) has been developed to implement the method. The device has a temperature feedback system based on a bolometric infrared matrix sensor. The system determines the hottest area of the laser weld and adjusts the current supplied to the diode laser to maintain the preset laser heating temperature. The laser soldering technology made it possible to heal linear defects (cuts) in the skin of laboratory animals (rabbits) without the formation of a fibrotic scar compared to the control (suture material). The combined use of a biopolymer nanocomposite solder and a laser device made it possible to achieve a tensile strength of the laser welds of 4 ± 0.4 MPa. The results of the experiment demonstrated that the addition of single-walled carbon nanotubes to the solder composition leads to an increase in the ultimate tensile strength of the laser welds by 80%. The analysis of regenerative and morphological features in the early stages (1–3 days) after surgery revealed small wound gaps, a decrease in inflammation, the absence of microcirculatory disorders and an earlier epithelization of laser welds compared to the control. On the 10th day after the surgical operation, the laser weld was characterized by a thin cosmetic scar and a continuous epidermis covering the defect. An immunohistochemical analysis proved the absence of myofibroblasts in the area of the laser welds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moringa oleifera is known to possess wound healing activity. The present study evaluated the healing properties of methanolic extract of M. oleifera leaves in excision wounds infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or P. aeruginosa in diabetic rats. An in vitro study was also carried out to determine the gene expression of VEGF and TGF-β1. Preliminary phytochemical and GC-MS analyses were carried out to determine different chemical constituents present in the extract. M. oleifera was applied locally as an ointment at two different concentrations. Wound contraction, period of epithelization, antioxidant enzyme activities and histological changes were determined. For the gene expression study, HaCaT cell lines were used. The formulation of M. oleifera extract improved wound contraction and decreased the period of epithelization, which was associated with an increase in antioxidant enzyme activities, epithelization, capillary density and collagen formation in MRSA-infected diabetic rats. However, this effect was reduced in diabetic animals infected with P. aeruginosa. An increase in the expression of VEGF and TGF-β1 was observed in HaCaT cell lines. M. oleifera extract promotes the healing of infected wounds in MRSA-infected diabetic rats but is less effective in the healing of wounds infected with P. aeruginosa in diabetic rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) had been extensively used in China for wound management and had shown great potential in wound treatment while its mechanism is still needed to be addressed. Objective: The present study sought to investigate the therapuetic effect of the TCM ARCC on acute and chronic wounds. Methods: Here, using the ultra‐low temperature preparation method, the mixed ultramicro powder prepared with Angelica (A), Angelica (R), Calcined Gypsum (C) and Caleramide (C) named as ARCC. The effects of ARCC on wound healing in adult and aged mice were comparatively evaluated through a full‐thickness skin defect model. In addition, we randomly selected 10 patients aged 55 to 70 years from a cohort of 500 patients with diabetic feet to assess their prognosis. Results: As the results showed that the healing rate had delayed in aged mice compared to adult mice, while ARCC prominently augmented the healing process in aged mice. Moreover, ARCC treatment wounds in aged mice showed accelerated re‐epithelization, enhanced granulation tissue formation, and increased vascularization, which was similar to that of adult mice. Furthermore, ARCC also achieved therapeutic effects in diabetic foot patients, accelerating wound healing. The results found that foot ulcers improved significantly 7 days after the ARCC administration, and 80% of patients were healed within 1 month. Discussion: In the present study, ARCC was found to have therapeutic effects on both acute and chronic wounds in animal models. ARCC also demonstrated therapeutic effects in diabetic feet, which promoted wound healing, prevented wound infection, and avoided the risk of further surgery or amputation. All these evidences suggested ARCC was a promising approach for wound treatment. Conclusions: ARCC might be recommended as a promising therapeutic medication in diabetic and chronic refractory wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Burns disrupt the protective skin barrier with consequent loss of cutaneous temperature regulation, infection prevention, evaporative losses, and other vital functions. Chronically, burns lead to scarring, contractures, pain, and impaired psychosocial well-being. Several skin substitutes are available and replace the skin and partially restore functional outcomes and improve cosmesis. We performed a literature review to update readers on biologic and synthetic skin substitutes to date applied in acute and reconstructive burn surgery. Improvement has been rapid in the development of skin substitutes in the last decade; however, no available skin substitute fulfills criteria as a perfect replacement for damaged skin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: compare the effectiveness of using a moisturizer containing antibacterial drugs of plant origin with a water-soluble ointment that includes the antibiotic chloramphenicol in the treatment of victims with burns of the face II-IIIа degrees.Materials and methods: The results of treatment of 27 victims (12 men and 15 women) with burns of the face and other areas of the body of I – II degree with a total area of 1 to 6 % of the body surface at the age of 18 – 60 years were analyzed. In the main group (13 patients), a cream containing antibacterial drugs of plant origin was used. In the control group (14 patients), bandages with a water-soluble ointment containing an artificial synthesized antibiotic chloramphenicol were used. Visually evaluated the course of the wound process, the nature and volume of exudate, the healing time of burn wounds when using ointments. Seeding of the wound discharge was done on the day of admission, on the 5th and 10th day of treatment. The structure and number of microflora of burn wounds were studied.Results: in the third seeding of the main group, the concentration of bacteria was (2.4 ± 0.04) x103 CFU / g. in the third seeding of the control group, the concentration of microorganisms was (5.9 ± 0.03)×105 CFU / g. the duration of hospitalization in the main group was 18.1 ± 1.5 days, in the control group — 23.8 ± 1.9 days.Conclusions: cream containing antibacterial preparations of plant origin, in comparison with a water-soluble ointment that includes an artificial synthesized antibiotic chloramphenicol, reduces the bacterial contamination of wounds in victims with superficial burns of the face by 2×102 times, the duration of inpatient treatment for 5 days (p < 0.05).

Periodontal diseases is one of the most relevant and important problem in modern dentistry due to their increasing prevalence in population, association with the occurrence of focus of chronic infection, progressive development and irreversibility which, in case of severe damage of periodontal tissues, eventually leads to a loss of the number of teeth. All of the named factors eventually lead to the development of irreversible inflammatory-dystrophic and destructive changes in periodontal tissues. During the recent years the method of guided tissue regeneration that uses membranes is being successfully used for the treatment of periodontal diseases.A comparative study on the mandibular alveolar mucosa lesion healing during application of different types of biological matrixes containing decellularized amniotic membrane, decellularized amniotic membrane in combination with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) growth factors, and decellularized amniotic membrane in combination with PRP growth factors and hyaluronic acid was performed. The study proved the acceleration of the processes of wound area reduction. Under experimental conditions, the wound healing lasted from day 3 to day 5 of the study; however, the rate of reduction of the wound area was slower, which indicates an alterative stage of the acute inflammatory process. During days 5 – 7 (stage of regeneration, the 2nd phase of wound process) the wound area reduced rapidly and by day14 a complete epithelization of the surgical wound was observed in all groups using decellularized amniotic membrane. In the group using the combination of PRP growth factors and hyaluronic acid the epithelization of wound was already observed on the day5. In the control group healing occurres with scar formation.

Background: The recent improvements in wound healing have led to new strategies in regenerative medicine. Burn wound healing is an important issue in skin regeneration and has multiple indications for stem cell therapy. HFSCs are a highly promising source of stem cells for healing use, as these cells are accessible, active and pluripotent adult stem cells. Methods: HFSCs of the rat whisker were isolated, cultured, and labeled with DiI. Flow cytometry method was used to detect special markers of HFSCs. Deep partial-thickness burn wound was created, and labeled HFSCs were injected around the wound bed. Wound closure was recorded via digital photographs. The inflicted rats were sacrificed at 3, 7, or 14 days post burn and used for subsequent histological and tensiometry analysis. Results: Our results indicated that HFSCs were positive for Nestin and CD34 markers, but negative for Kr15. Morphological and histological photographs revealed that wound closure rate was accelerated in stem cell-treated group compared with other groups. In addition, faster re-epithelialization and collagen deposition were observed. The immunohistochemical analysis suggested that CD31 expression and vascular density enhanced in the stem cell-treated group. Further, tissue tensile strength increased in HFSCs-treated rats in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that HFSCs could accelerate burn wound healing as well as tensile strength in rats.

Background: Wound healing has always been a serious issue for doctors and primary health care systems. In addition, adipose stem cell-derived exosomes have been proven to play a positive and effective role in tissue repair and regeneration. A systematic review of these preclinical studies was performed to assess the efficacy of adipose stem cell-derived exosomes (ADSC-Exos) in treating wounds. This article aimed to study the effectiveness of ADSC-Exos for the treatment of animal skin wounds and includes a meta-analysis of exosomes from general wounds and diabetic ulcer wounds in in vitro models of animals to provide a theoretical basis for clinical translation., Methods: A total of 19 studies with 356 animals were identified by searching the PubMed, Cochrane, MEDLINE Complete, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang databases from inception to 15 November 2022. No language or time restrictions were applied. Stata17 was used for all the data analyses., Results: The meta-analysis showed that ADSC-Exo therapy significantly improved the wound healing rate in the control group, except in the diabetes group on day 7. Day 7 of general wounds [standard mean difference (SMD) 2.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.91-3.83)] and day 14 (SMD 2.89, 95%CI 1.47-4.30). Day 14 (SMD 3.43, 95%CI 1.28-5.58) of diabetic wounds. Other outcomes, such as blood vessel density, collagen deposition and wound re-epithelization, improved with the administration of ADSC-Exos., Conclusions: A meta-analysis showed that ADSC-Exo therapy applied to general and diabetic wounds can promote neovascularization, improve epithelization and collagen fiber deposition, promote healing, and reduce scar formation. ADSC-Exos have broad potential in preclinical research and clinical fields., Competing Interests: The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed in the Funding section., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press.)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the leading causes of infection worldwide. Clove oil’s ability to inhibit the growth of MRSA was studied through in vitro and in vivo studies. The phytochemical components of clove oil were determined through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The antibacterial effects of clove oil and its interaction with imipenem were determined by studying MIC, MBC, and FIC indices in vitro. The in vivo wound-healing effect of the clove oil and infection control were determined using excision wound model rats. The GC-MS analysis of clove oil revealed the presence of 16 volatile compounds. Clove oil showed a good antibacterial effect in vitro but no interaction was observed with imipenem. Clove bud oil alone or in combination with imipenem healed wounds faster and reduced the microbial load in wounds. The findings of this study confirmed the antibacterial activity of clove oil in vitro and in vivo and demonstrated its interaction with imipenem.

Background & objectives: Dodonaea viscosa is one of the natural medications utilized in Saudi Arabia for treatment of several diseases and disorders. Prior investigations have revealed its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In the present study, the chloroform and methanolic extracts of Dodonaea viscosa were formulated as ointments using the emulsifying base and its wound healing property was determined in animal models. Materials and methods: The dried leaves of Dodonaea viscosa was macerated in methanol and chloroform solvents to obtain respective solvent extracts. Both the extracts were subjected for phytochemical investigation. A 10% w/w herbal ointment of the extracts were formulated and their physicochemical properties; color and odor, loss on drying, pH, and spreadability were evaluated. Further, both the formulations were tested for stability studies. The wound healing activity of individual herbal formulations were studied in Sprague Dawley rats using incision and excision wound models. The application of ointment was done topically once every day up to the end of the healing of the wound. The epithelization period in the excision wound model and tensile strength in the incision wound model were assessed to determine the wound-healing effects. Results: Methanolic and chloroform extracts of Dodonaea viscosa leaves have flavonoids and saponins in addition to other phytochemicals. All the evaluated physicochemical properties of both the formulations were within ideal cutoff points and they remained stable. In comparison with control and base groups, methanolic extract formulation took significantly (p

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), autologous blood serum (ABS), and umbilical cord serum (UCS) on corneal healing following penetrating keratoplasty (PK). A total of 120 New Zealand white rabbits, forty were designated as donors, while the remaining eighty rabbits were randomly divided into four groups after undergoing PRP Group (n = 20), ABS Group (n = 20), UCS Group (n = 20) and Control Group (n = 20). Corneal opacity score, corneal vascularization, corneal staining, histopathological analysis, and immunohistochemical analysis (including CD4+, CD8+, and major histocompatibility complex [MHC] II) were assessed at postoperative 1, 2, 3, and 12 weeks. The results showed that corneal opacity score and corneal vascularization did not differ significantly among the groups. However, corneal staining was found to be statistically higher in the PRP group (0.40 ± 0.60) compared to the other groups (p = 0.011). Immunohistochemical examination revealed no significant differences in CD4+, CD8+, and MHC II levels among the groups. Notably, in all groups, CD4+, CD8+, and MHC II levels were significantly higher at 12 weeks compared to other time points. PRP, ABS, and UCS demonstrated positive effects on corneal healing after PK. However, among the three products, PRP exhibited a superior healing effect compared to ABS and UCS crucial in the postoperative period following PK procedures, as they significantly impact visual quality, graft transparency, graft survival, and prevention of stromal resorption caused by infections. Despite the avascular nature of the cornea and its immune privilege, failure to resolve epithelial defects (ED) commonly observed after PK can result in irreversible scarring and ulceration, leading to graft rejection. While epithelial defects are observed in 14–100% of cases on the first postoperative day, approximately 3–7% of them persist as non-healing ED in subsequent periods. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that PRP, ABS, and UCS have a positive effect on corneal healing after PK. • Corneal opacity and vascularization were consistent among PRP, ABS, and UCS groups, indicating steady healing. • PRP, ABS, and UCS demonstrated positive effects on corneal healing after PK, with PRP showing a relatively superior effect, especially in terms of corneal staining. • Immune Response Markers (CD4+, CD8+, MHC II) were higher at 12 weeks, indicating a long-term role in immune response during corneal healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corneal defects can seriously affect human vision, and keratoplasty is the most widely accepted therapy method for visual rehabilitation. Currently, effective treatment for clinical patients has been restricted due to a serious shortage of donated cornea tissue and high-quality artificial repair materials. As the predominant component of cornea tissue, collagen-based materials have promising applications for corneal repair. However, the corneal nerve repair and epithelization process after corneal transplantation must be improved. This research proposes a new collagen-based scaffold with good biocompatibility and biological functionality enhanced by surface chemical grafting of natural taurine molecular. The chemical composition of collagen-taurine (Col-Tau) material is evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and its hydrophilic properties, light transmittance, swelling performance and mechanical tensile properties have been measured. The research results indicate that the Col-Tau sample has high transmittance and good mechanical properties, and exhibits excellent capacity to promote corneal nerve cell growth and the epithelization process of corneal epithelial cells. This novel Col-Tau material, which can be easily prepared at a low cost, should have significant application potential for the treating corneal disease in the future.

Background: Research on wounds has proved that a wound instigates interruption to skin integrity caused by physical trauma or disease. Burn is a wound which causes tissue coagulant necrosis and thus exerts a devastating effect on individuals in terms of human health and injury. The present study is designed to evaluate wound healing properties of Shark liver oil and estimate various parameters such as, SOD, CAT, GSH, hydroxyproline and histopathological studies. Methods: Thermal injuries were done with a solid aluminum bar 10 mm in diameter formerly heated in boiling water to facilitate the temperature reached 100°C measured with a thermometer. Ketamine at a dose of 80 mg/kg is given to produce anesthesia and the hair on dorsum of rats were shaved to ensure even burn wounding. From day-1 to end of experiment (30 days), these rats were applied with Standard (Silver Sulphadiazine Ointment USP 5% w/w) and SLO (Shark liver oil emulgel, 5%, 10% and 15%) formulations were applied 1 mg/cm2; topically. Animals were subsequently examined for biochemical and histopathological variations. Results: In burn wound model the developed shark liver oil emulgel shows significant wound healing property in dose dependent manner as compare to disease control groups. The wound healing property of shark liver oil emulgel 5%, 10% and 15% (*p<0.05, **p<0.01) showed wound healing on 3rd and 4th week respectively. Conclusion: The shark liver oil emulgel exhibited significant wound healing activity in burn wound model, comparable to the marketed standard formulations. This finding provides an insight into the usage of the shark liver oil emulgel in the treatment of wounds or burns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background : Aloe vera has been reported to enhance keratinocyte proliferation and migration, and thereby accelerate wound healing. Ozone therapy is an alternative medicine with disinfecting properties and strong oxidative stress induction capacity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Aloe vera oil provided with different dosages of ozone in accelerating the healing rate comparing two-phases; inflammation (day 3) and proliferation (day 7) of full-thickness defect wounds in Sprague Dawley rats as an adjuvant treatment based on macrophage count and new epithelialization length. Methods: We conducted a study using a post-test only control group design, where a total of 50 Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into ten groups. Two control groups were administered A loe vera oil (P1, P6), while gentamicin ointment was used in the other control group (P2, P7). Ozonated A loe vera oil dose was used: 600 mg/ml (P3,P8), 1200 mg/ml (P4,P9), and 1800 mg/ml (P5,P10). Groups P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 were terminated on the 3rd day, while P6, P7, P8, P9, P10 were evaluated on the 7th day. Macrophage counts were assessed using a 100x magnification microscope, through hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and paraffin block with Masson trichrome staining was used to measure the new epithelialization length. Results: There were significant differences in the macrophage count on day three between the group-administered gentamicin (P2) and 1800 mg/ml ozonated Aloe vera oil (P5) (79.96;131.96, pAloe vera oil (P10), compared to non-ozonated Aloe vera (P6) and the gentamicin therapy (P7) (1160.88 µm; 1367.64; 2451.40 μm, p Conclusions: The application of ozonated Aloe vera oil to full-thickness skin defects in Sprague Dawley rats resulted in a higher macrophage count and longer new epithelialization length than in controls.

Moringa oleifera is known to possess wound healing activity. The present study evaluated the healing properties of methanolic extract of M. oleifera leaves in excision wounds infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or P. aeruginosa in diabetic rats. An in vitro study was also carried out to determine the gene expression of VEGF and TGF-β1. Preliminary phytochemical and GC-MS analyses were carried out to determine different chemical constituents present in the extract. M. oleifera was applied locally as an ointment at two different concentrations. Wound contraction, period of epithelization, antioxidant enzyme activities and histological changes were determined. For the gene expression study, HaCaT cell lines were used. The formulation of M. oleifera extract improved wound contraction and decreased the period of epithelization, which was associated with an increase in antioxidant enzyme activities, epithelization, capillary density and collagen formation in MRSA-infected diabetic rats. However, this effect was reduced in diabetic animals infected with P. aeruginosa. An increase in the expression of VEGF and TGF-β1 was observed in HaCaT cell lines. M. oleifera extract promotes the healing of infected wounds in MRSA-infected diabetic rats but is less effective in the healing of wounds infected with P. aeruginosa in diabetic rats.

Reconstruction following total or subtotal maxillectomy requires specialized techniques, and it is still a challenge for surgeons. This case report describes a 55-year-old male patient with maxillary cancer. He underwent right total maxillectomy and left partial maxillectomy. He underwent reconstruction using a latissimus dorsi free flap combined with a vascularized scapula angle. For palatal reconstruction, we used a bare muscle flap following rigid bony reconstruction. The reconstructed palate became contracted and covered with mucosa gradually and resulted in a physiologically satisfying contour. The histological features of the reconstructed site revealed normal stratified squamous epithelium. The bare muscle flap is considered the preferred method for palatal reconstruction following total or subtotal maxillectomy.

Wounds and related injuries remain a major cause of death and disability. Healing of wound is a complex, highly regulated process that includes cellular, molecular, biochemical, and physiological events that permit living organisms to repair accidental lesions. Therefore, dealing with wounds has always been a subject of concern to the world, and demand for products in wound management had increased to $9.3 trillion worldwide in the health care industry, affecting economic growth. The present work aimed to assess the wound healing effect of chitosan, and a comparative profile with soframycin is established in experimental animals. Enormous research reports, the wound healing properties of chitosan, but the protective mechanism implicated in wound healing activity of chitosan is unknown. In addition to this, we evaluated the anatomical, macroscopical, and histopathological alterations in wounds of experimental rats. Collagenase activity was performed to determine the granulation tissue formation and epithelialization of wounds treated with untainted chitosan. Wounds treated with glycerated chitosan gel, that is, GCG-3 (high degree of deacetylation), showed faster healing with highest percentage of contraction as compared with the soframycin-treated group. The healing of wounds was found to be 85% in GCG-3 on the sixth day of treatment, showing significant (P <.001) improvement in epithelial tissue. The collagenase activity in GCG-3 was 192 unit/mg of protein. Wound reepithelialization was found to be to 94 ± 4% in case of the GCG-3-treated group and 87 ± 5% in the soframycin-treated group. Higher degree of deacetylation in the chitosan, GCG-3, warrants its use in the treatment and management of dermal wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of biocompatible porous scaffolds that encourage cell adhesion for corneal tissue engineering applications continues to be challenging. In addition to porous hydrogels, nanofibers that can simulate the extracellular matrix structure for cell adhesion would be beneficial. Graphite and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) are two bioactive materials that have been used to improve cell adhesion in scaffolds for corneal tissue engineering. In this study, nanofibers were fabricated from hydroxyethyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and cross-linked by glutaraldehyde bound to graphite and nano-hydroxyapatite. This scaffold surrounded a transparent hydrogel core from PVA that was cross-linked by freeze-thawing cycles. The chemical and mechanical evaluations demonstrated that nanofibers met the requirements as a scaffold for corneal tissue engineering. The results showed that when the concentration of nHA was approximately 1.66 wt%, the morphology of human epithelial cells did not change, and clot formation occurred around the scaffold during the 1-week in vivo implantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we aimed to utilize autologous tracheal epithelia and BMSCs as the seeding cells, utilize PCL coated with SilMA as the hybrid scaffold to carry the cells and KGN, which can selectively stimulate chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs. This hybrid tracheal substitution was carried out to repair the tracheal partial window-shape defect. Firstly, SilMA with the concentration of 10%, 15% and 20% was prepared, and the experiment of swelling and degradation was performed. With the increase of the concentration, the swelling ratio of SilMA decreased, and the degradation progress slowed down. Upon the result of CCK-8 test and HE staining of 3D co-culture, the SilMA with concentration of 20% was selected. Next, SilMA and the cells attached to SilMA were characterized by SEM. Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicity test shows that 20% SilMA has good cytocompatibility. The hybrid scaffold was then made by PCL coated with 20% SilMA. The mechanical test shows this hybrid scaffold has better biomechanical properties than native trachea. In vivo tracheal defect repair assays were conducted to evaluate the effect of the hybrid substitution. H&E staining, IHC staining and IF staining showed that this hybrid substitution ensured the viability, proliferation and migration of epithelium. However, it is sad that the results of chondrogenesis were not obvious. This study is expected to provide new strategies for the fields of tracheal replacement therapy needing mechanical properties and epithelization., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Background: The discomfort and complications have always been problems for nasal packing materials. This study provided a new nasal packing material called high expansion degradable cotton (HEDC). Methods: Nasal endoscopic surgery was used to establish a dog model of nasal bleeding, and wound surfaces were filled with Merocel, Nasopore and HEDC, respectively. Intraoperative and postoperative bleeding of 24 h was calculated. We evaluate the absorbability score, adhesion score, infection sore and nasal mucosal epithelium in postoperative 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. HE staining and electron microscopy were used to evaluate the recovery of nasal mucosa. Results: There was no significant difference in nasal bleeding between HEDC, Merocel and Nasopore. Nasal endoscopic examination revealed HEDC absorbability of score, adhesion score, infection score were significantly lower than Merocel and Nasopore. The epithelialization time of HEDC was significantly shorter than that of Merocel and Nasopore. HE staining showed that HEDC and Nasopore could significantly reduce scar hyperplasia on the wound surface. The results of electron microscopy suggested that HEDC could protect the edge cilia of the wound. Conclusion: HEDC could be used as new choice for hemostasis after nasal endoscopic surgery, which could reduce nasal epithelialization time, and protect wound edge cilia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Abstract The repair and functional reconstruction of long-segment tracheal defects is always a great challenge in the clinic. Finding an ideal substitute for tracheal transplantation is the only way to solve this problem. The current study proposed a series of novel strategies for constructing a bionic living trachea substitute. For the issue of tubular cartilage support, cartilage sheet technique based on high-density culture of chondrocytes was adopted to avoid the inflammatory reaction triggered by the materials and thus formed mature cartilage-like tissue in autologous goat model. For the issue of epithelialization, the autologous transplantation of oral mucosal epithelium was used to realize mucosa coverage of the constructed trachea lumen. Finally, the flat trapezius fascia flap with double blood supply was separated by microsurgical techniques to achieve stable pre-vascularization of both the regenerated cartilage and the grafted epithelium simultaneously. By integrating the above strategies, the vascularized and epithelialized tracheal substitute with tubular cartilage support was successfully constructed in a goat model. The reconstructed trachea possessed a multiple layer structure of muscle-cartilage-fascia-mucosa comparable to the native trachea, and thus might realize stable survival and long-term airway function maintenance, providing a promising tracheal substitute for the repair and permanent functional reconstruction of long-segment tracheal defects. Statement of Significance The repair of long-segment tracheal defects is always a great challenge in the clinic. Finding an ideal substitute for tracheal transplantation is the only way to solve this problem. In the current study, by technical integration of cartilage regeneration, microsurgery, and oral mucosa transplantation, a complex tracheal substitute with satisfactory vascularization, epithelialization, and tubular cartilage support was successfully constructed in a goat autologous model. The reconstructed trachea substitute possessed a multiple layer structure of muscle-cartilage-fascia-mucosa exactly similar to native trachea, and thus might realize stable survival and long-term airway function maintenance. The current study provides feasible strategies and ideal tracheal substitutes for permanent functional reconstruction of long-segmental trachea defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Improving epithelialization of donor sites of split-thickness skin grafts (STSG) is extremely important in burned patients. We aimed to assess the efficacy of pirfenidone, a drug with anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and antioxidant effects, to accelerate wound healing. We hypothesized that pirfenidone accelerates the epithelialization rates in donor sites.Methods: We included 28 patients requiring STSGs with donor sites of at least 7.5×10cm. After harvesting, the donor sites were randomly treated with either non-adherent gauze or topical pirfenidone and covered with non-adherent gauze. To assess epithelialization, biopsies were taken at day 7 and 10 on the pirfenidone group, and at day 10 on the control group. Percentage of epithelialization was assessed on the same days through clinical photographs. The pathologists and the clinical observer were blinded to the group and timepoint of the samples.Results: 24 patients were included in the study, with a median age of 21(5-73) for control group and 28(9-61) for pirfenidone. The thickness of epithelium was 75.10±60μm at day 10 for the control group; and 98.21±6μm at day 7, and 108±22μm at day 10 for the pirfenidone group (p=<0.05). Epithelization rate was 83.58±14.09% at day 10 for the control group; and 98.7±1.8% at day 7, and 99.5±1.6% at day 10 for the pirfenidone group.Conclusions: Pirfenidone is efficient in reducing the healing times when applied in STSG donor sites, at both days 7 and 10. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reconstruction following total or subtotal maxillectomy requires specialized techniques, and it is still a challenge for surgeons. This case report describes a 55-year-old male patient with maxillary cancer. He underwent right total maxillectomy and left partial maxillectomy. He underwent reconstruction using a latissimus dorsi free flap combined with a vascularized scapula angle. For palatal reconstruction, we used a bare muscle flap following rigid bony reconstruction. The reconstructed palate became contracted and covered with mucosa gradually and resulted in a physiologically satisfying contour. The histological features of the reconstructed site revealed normal stratified squamous epithelium. The bare muscle flap is considered the preferred method for palatal reconstruction following total or subtotal maxillectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) is one of the severe and more frequent complications of diabetes. It is characterized by occurrence of chronic purulent necrotic processes (trophic ulcers) on the foot with damage of skin, soft tissues and osteoarticular system due to pathological changes in the peripheral nervous system (diabetic neuropathy) and vascular system (diabetic angiopathy). This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of accelerating of wound healing in DFS by using the dermal equivalent (graftskin) and determine the safety of the method, factors and indications for its application. The research included 60 patients with DFS who were cured at the period from 2013 to 2016 in departments of purulent surgery of Hospital of war veterans and Municipal hospital № 14 of Saint-Petersburg. The patients were divided into 2 groups by random sampling of two comparable groups in age and sex. The patients of main group were treated by standard method and using application of dermal equivalent (DE) on the area of trophic ulcers. The patients of control group had only standard treatment. The DE showed a high efficacy in the main group of patients. The application of DE in complex treatment of patients with DFS stimulated processes of healing and accelerated the rate of epithelization. The application of DE was the most effective in patients with neuropathic form of DFS.

An experimental study was performed on Wistar rats with the purpose of histological evaluation of the surgical wounds state and the processes of their healing using a conventional surgical scalpel and three radio wave devices with different operating frequencies (2.2 MHz, 2.64 MHz, 3.8 MHz). It has been established that in animals with wounds inflicted by the radio-wave at the highestworking frequency, there were statistically significant differences both in terms and in the mechanisms of wound healing. These benefits were in the absence of a blood clot in the wound after the incision, also in minimal necrosis of the operating wound and adjacent tissues, in the absence of leukocyte infiltration in the wound; early (from 3 days) reparation and epithelialization of tissues. These features contributed to a reduction in the timing of wound healing and the absence of scar formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Design: The aim of our study was to histopathologically evaluate the effects of platelet rich plasma (PRP) and platelet poor plasma (PPP) treatment in wound healing process in rats with partial thickness wound. Materials and Methods: Rats were divided into three groups as topical serum physiologic (SP) (group 1, n=9), PPP (group 2, n=9), and PRP (group 3, n=9). Wound model was created by radiofrequency-electrosurgery. Each group was treated once with SP, PRP and PPP. Four-millimeter punch biopsies were collected from each rat on the 4th, 7th, 14th and 21st days. One rat in each of the PRP and SP groups was lost before the study was completed. Results: In our study, we observed that PRP significantly increased granulation tissue formation and angiogenesis after the fourth day of treatment. PPP increased granulation tissue formation and angiogenesis to a lesser extent than PRP but to a greater extent compared to SP. An increase in fibroblast density was observed in PRP and PPP groups compared to that in SP group on the 7th, 14th and 21st days. Epidermal detachment was significantly increased in the PRP group compared to PPP group on the 4th day. On 7th and 14th days, a higher increase was observed in the PPP and PRP groups compared to SP group. On the 21st day, epidermal detachment was observed in all the three groups. In terms of collagen synthesis levels, a significant increase was observed in PPP group compared to SP group on the 4th day and a significant increase was observed in PRP group compared to PPP group on the 21st day. There was no significant difference between groups on the 7th and 14th days. Conclusion: In our study, we observed that both PRP and PPP stimulate and increase angiogenesis, reepithelization, granulation tissue and collagen synthesis compared to SP. We observed that there was a significant increase in angiogenesis and granulation tissue formation in PRP group compared to PPP group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are several topical strategies to repair of cutaneous lesions in order to accelerate the complex of epithelialisation process, preventing infections and minimizing wound closure time, since topical and systemic factors can influence wound healing. The present study aimed to evaluate the evolution of tissue repair of forty-five patients, including dogs and cats, with justifiable cutaneous lesions with second intention treatment, independent of the body region, using ointment based on the association of sulfanilamide, cod liver oil, zinc oxide and camphor. The antiseptic and healing ointment was effective in the treatment of extensive wounds by second intention and contaminated, presenting good healing evolution and easy application, with an average evolution time of thirty days to reach satisfactory results for tissue repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]