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The composition of coexisting phases for liquid-liquid and solid-liquid-liquid equilibria were measured at 298.2 and 313.2 K and under atmospheric pressure for the following systems: {sodium bromide + formamide + ethyl acetate}, {sodium thiocyanate + ethanol + (R)-limonene}, and {sodium thiocyanate + methanol + dibutyl ether}. These concentrations were determined mainly by chromatography and, for the first system, with the help of argentometric titration. The standard uncertainties in mole fractions varied between 0.001 and 0.008. The tie-line data were reproduced by the NRTL model with medium accuracy. Several empirical equations were used and tested to correlate binodal curves. The rational form of the equation, based on the liquid–liquid–solid tie-line, turned out to be the most adequate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cayratia albifolia C. L. Li (Jiao Mei Gu (JMG)) has potential therapeutic effects in inflammatory diseases. Objectives: The primary goal of the research was to focus on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory qualities of C. albifolia and the underlying mechanisms that contribute to these benefits. Materials and Methods: To explore the anti-inflammatory abilities of JMG, we employed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and nitric oxide (NO) assay in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage inflammation model. Furthermore, flow cytometry was employed to assess the antioxidant effects of C. albifolia, and Western blotting was used to reveal the underlying mechanisms. Results: Ethyl acetate extract of C. albifolia effectively reduced the release of NO, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and prostaglandin E2 in macrophages. Additionally, it prevented the expression of reactive oxygen species. Mechanistically, the extract may downregulate the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein expression. Conclusion: The ethyl acetate extract of C. albifolia demonstrated remarkable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by modulating the Nrf2/HO-1 axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psoralea corylifolia (PC) seed extract (PCE) has been extensively utilized as an herbal drug due to its favorable effects on human health. It's extracts and active components have demonstrated a variety of biological actions including estrogenic, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-depressant, anti-inflammatory and anti-ageing properties. A study of this medicinal herb has major constituents extracted using different plant parts has been depicted and among them, Bakuchiol has the highest ethyl acetate extract content. The mechanism behind PCE's anti-lipotoxic activity against palmitate (PA)-induced lipotoxicity in PC12 cells was examined. CE therapy not only raised the quantities of mRNA for antioxidant genes such as heme-oxygenase and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 but also lowered the production of reactive oxygen species caused by PA. Prenylflavonoids play a unique role in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and can be used as a nootropic agent. This article comprehensively enumerated the literature on the anti-apoptotic effects of PC and its potential pathogenesis in AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lycopene is one of the members of carotenoids and is used in various food formulations due to its outstanding effects on human health. However, the sensitivity of lycopene to oxygen, light, and heat is the main drawback in its utilization. Encapsulation can be applied to protect the bioactivity of lycopene. Yeast cells are suitable materials for encapsulation because they are biodegradable and safe carriers. In the current study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used for lycopene encapsulation, and various strategies, including plasmolysis, solvent, and ultrasonication, were tested to improve loading capacity. The amount of lycopene in the non-plasmolyzed cells was 111.18 µg lycopene/g yeast; however, it was determined as 14.67 µg lycopene/g yeast in the plasmolyzed capsules. The results showed that plasmolysis decreased the loading capacity. The best lycopene retention (324.95 µg lycopene/g yeast) after the encapsulation of non-plasmolyzed cells was achieved by applying both ultrasonication (120 W, 20 min) and solvent (ethyl acetate). Moreover, morphological and conformational characterizations were carried out for yeast samples, and the presence of lycopene within yeast cells was confirmed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. Yeast cells, as a low-cost and convenient bio-vehicle, showed promising properties for the encapsulation of lycopene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study compared and discussed the adsorption process of ethyl acetate by ordinary and high-aluminum fly ash through experiments and molecular theoretical calculations. Both ordinary and high-aluminum fly ash exhibited a gradual decrease in adsorption performance as temperature increased, with high-aluminum fly ash demonstrating superior ethyl acetate adsorption. At 298 K, the adsorption breakthrough time for ordinary and high-aluminum fly ash was 283 and 425 minutes, with saturated adsorption capacities of 13.71 and 20.22 mg/g, respectively. Density Functional Theory calculations showed adsorption energies for SiO2-ethyl acetate and Mullite-ethyl acetate to be −0.735 and −1.107 eV, respectively, indicating spontaneous adsorption of ethyl acetate by fly ash. The results of isothermal experiment and theoretical calculation show that Langmuir equation can well fit the adsorption process of FA and FA-Al on ethyl acetate. Theoretical calculations on the crack model and adsorption heat suggested that increasing temperature is not favorable for ethyl acetate adsorption by fly ash. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cupressus torulosa (family Cupressaceae), widely distributed in the northwestern Himalayan region of India, is a coniferous aromatic tree traditionally used for its aerial parts. Its needles are renowned for their anti‐inflammatory, anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, and wound‐healing properties. Antioxidants from this plant are vital in combating oxidative stress, which are implicated in these diseases. Methods: This study employed a range of methods, including in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo assays; biochemical estimations such as Total Phenolics Content and Total Flavonoids Content; and UPLC‐QTOF‐MS analysis, to evaluate the antioxidant potential of Cupressus torulosa needles. Results: Initial screenings demonstrated promising antioxidant activity of 25% aqueous methanol extract of the needles, with SGOT and SGPT values of 55.28±57.07 and 52.27±19.50 IU/L, respectively, when compared to the positive control glibenclamide. Fractionation of the extract into ethyl acetate and butanol fractions revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction showed notable activity, with an EC50 value of 85.6 μg/mL in the DPPH assay, indicating effective free radical scavenging and reduced oxidative damage. UPLC‐QTOF‐MS characterization of ethyl acetate fraction in negative ion mode identified 34 metabolites, including 10 key antioxidant compounds. Conclusion: These findings underscore C. torulosa's potential as a source of bioactive antioxidants, highlighting its value for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. The research provides a foundation for further isolation, characterization, and clinical testing of these compounds, enhancing our understanding of natural antioxidants in addressing oxidative stress‐related conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing demand for new diabetes drugs with fewer side effects to replace current medications known for their adverse effects. Inhibition of α-glucosidase responsible for postprandial hyperglycemia among diabetes patients is a promising strategy for managing the disease. This study aims to explore and identify novel bioactive metabolites with anti-diabetes potential from Alternaria alternata BRN05, an endophytic fungus isolated from a well-known medicinal plant Swietenia macrophylla King. Ethyl acetate extracts of Alternaria alternata BRN05 grown in full-strength (EFS) and quarter-strength (EQS) media, respectively were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Based on IC50 values, EQS exhibited significantly greater inhibitory activity (0.01482 ± 1.809 mg/mL) as compared to EFS (1.16 ± 0.173 mg/mL) as well as acarbose control (0.494 ± 0.009 mg/mL). EFS and EQS were subjected to metabolic profiling using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography - Electrospray Ionization - Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS). A total of nineteen metabolites from EFS and twenty from EQS were tentatively identified based on MS/MS fragmentation. Molecular docking analysis revealed that twelve among these exhibited greater binding energies than that of acarbose (-6.6 kcal/mol). Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations of 3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavanone (THF) and alternariol 9-methyl ether (AME) from EQS, exhibiting high binding energies (-7.5 and -7 kcal/mol, respectively), were performed to investigate their interactions with human intestinal α-glucosidase. Results suggest THF possesses strong inhibitory potential, making it a promising candidate for diabetes management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The bark of Ilex umbellulata is traditionally used for the treatment of many diseases such as malaria. Despite its traditional relevance, the pharmacognostic parameters and pharmacological properties remained unexplored. In this study, we aim to develop the missing pharmacognostic parameters with modern analytical techniques and carry out multi-step computational studies to study the antimalarial potential of I. umbellulata. Results: The bark was 2–6 mm thick, composed of different colored layers, and was bitter-sweet in taste. Powdered microscopy revealed the presence of starch granules, calcium oxalate crystals, cork cells, trichomes, and fibers. Physicochemical properties such as ash values (total, acid-insoluble, and water-soluble), extractive values (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, aqueous, 80% MeOH), moisture content, swelling index, fluorescence, and pH of the bark were determined. FT-IR fingerprint profiling of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, aqueous, and 80% MeOH extracts revealed characteristic bands at different wavelengths that are indicative of the presence of certain functional groups. HPTLC fingerprint profiling with a mobile phase of hexane: ethyl acetate: formic acid (4.5:5.5:0.5 v/v) revealed 9 characteristic peaks. With a mobile phase of toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid (5:4:0.2 v/v), the validated TLC densitometric studies revealed the presence of 2.07 mg of quercetin (Rf = 0.477 ± 0.005) in 100 mg of 80% MeOH bark extract of I. umbellulata. JazQSAR web tool previously developed by us predicts the IC50 of quercetin against Plasmodium falciparum as 3.88 ± 0.35 µM, which was not far from the practically observed value for quercetin. Multi-target molecular docking with a validated docking protocol revealed that quercetin could potentially interact with 20 proteins of P. falciparum that are highly expressed during the schizont and trophozoite stages. Network pharmacology studies revealed that quercetin could potentially alleviate malaria mainly by inhibiting pro-inflammatory response through the action of IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 and by triggering the immune system. Conclusions: The pharmacognostic parameters of I. umbellulata bark may be used as quality control parameters to aid in identification and authentication and to prevent adulteration. The results obtained from the multi-target molecular docking and network pharmacology studies support the use of I. umbellulata as a traditional herbal remedy against malaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although diarrhea is a preventable disease, it continues to have a significant impact on global health, with the burden being much greater in Sub-Saharan Africa. Medicinal plants represent affordable and locally available resources to address many diseases, including diarrhea. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the antidiarrheal activities of the 80% hydromethanolic crude extract and solvent fractions of Terminalia brownii Fresen (Combretaceae) leaves in Swiss Albino mice. Methods: This study was carried out by administering the 80% hydromethanolic crude extract and solvent fractions from the crude extract, including the n-hexane fraction (NHF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), and aqueous fraction (AF) at doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg, respectively, to the mice. The effects of these extracts and solvent fractions on reducing/delaying diarrhea were compared with the impact of the solvent used for reconstitution and a standard drug (loperamide 3 mg/kg or atropine 5 mg/kg), as well as with each other. Results: The hydromethanolic crude extract and ethyl acetate fraction at all tested doses significantly reduced wet defecation (P < 0.05). In addition, total defecation was significantly reduced at a dose of 200 mg/kg (P < 0.05) and 400 mg/kg (P < 0.001) of the crude extract and ethyl acetate fraction at all tested doses (P < 0.01. The aqueous fraction at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg and the n-hexane fraction at 400 mg/kg (P < 0.05) significantly inhibit wet and total defecation. Likewise, in the enteropooling test, the crude extract and ethyl acetate fractions showed a significant reduction in the weight and volume of intestinal contents at a dose of 200 mg/kg (P < 0.05) and 400 mg/kg (P < 0.05). Castor oil-induced intestinal motility was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) by the crude extract and ethyl acetate fractions at all tested doses. Conclusion: The result from this study suggests significant antidiarrheal activity of Terminalia brownii leaves, which validates its traditional use. The 80% hydromethanolic crude extract and ethyl acetate solvent fractions of Terminalia brownii Fresen leaves have shown better antidiarrheal activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The esters are the most important flavor components in Baijiu as their species and content decide the style of Baijiu. During the formation of esters, pits play important roles. In this study, the main esters and their related microorganisms in different years of pits (5, 35 and 100 years) of strong-flavor Baijiu were comprehensively researched by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and amplicon sequencing. A total of 690 bacterial genera and 155 fungal genera were detected. The microbial composition of ZPs (fermented grains) from 100 years pit was the most abundant at the genus level. A total of 177 volatile flavor components were observed, including 80 esters, 42 alcohols, 21 acids, 10 ketones and 11 aldehydes. Ethyl acetate was the lowest and ethyl caproate was relatively high in 100 years pit. 15 genera, including Lactobacillus , Pichia , Issatchenkia , Saccharomyces , and Aspergillus , were positively related to the formation of four major esters and their precursors. The research demonstrated that 100 years pit was benefit for maintaining microbial diversity and controlling ethyl acetate. This study is helpful for understanding the microbial composition and succession in the fermentation process of strong-flavor Baijiu, and revealing the complex relationships between dominant genera, physicochemical properties and volatile flavor components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally the current research is going for cancer disease management by different strategies as frequency and severity of this disease are increasing day by day. The fruit body of edible and tasty Astraeus asiaticus mushroom was extracted in ethyl acetate solvent (EA) and quantitative analysis revealed that it contained a significant amount of total phenols, flavonoids, and ascorbic acids. The FT-IR study revealed different functional groups in the extracts with different characteristic peak values. The GC/MS profile of AAEA (Astraeus asiaticus ethyl acetate) extract exhibited 61 compounds. The column chromatography of AAEA extract was performed and the F12 fraction demonstrated the greatest radical scavenging activity with an EC50 of 25.65 ± 4.82 µg. mLˉ¹. Mycochemistry (GC and mass spectrum) analysis showed that F12 was a mixture of six important compounds like Hexadecanoic acid, 3,4,5,6 Tetramethyloctane, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, 1-cyclododecyne, cis-9,10-Epoxyoctadecan-1-ol. The chemical properties of all six compounds were screened by SwissADME and pkCSM and AdmetSAR predictors. Out of them Hexadecanoic acid, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid and 3,4,5,6 Tetramethyloctane, exhibited suitable properties for drug -preparation and they showed anticancer activity and antioxidant activity as per NIST data base and library search. We have tried to focus on anticancer compounds derived from the partial purification (F12) of mushroom extract (AAEA) from this edible mushroom against cancer (cervical, lung, and breast) cell lines. After 24 h of treatment, the percentages of cell growth inhibition of HeLa, MCF-7, and A549 cell lines by highest concentration (1500 µg. mL− 1) of F12 were 92.03 ± 6.21 a, 90.38 ± 4.53a, and 87.51 ± 5.36a % respectively and the IC50 values were 701 ± 11.54, 728.71 ± 10.53, and 806.88 ± 11.52 µg. mL− 1 respectively but the growth of normal cell HEK 293T was inhibited slightly (3.0%). The mechanism of anticancer effect of F12 (AAEAE) on cancer cell lines included induction of apoptosis, LDH leakage, and up regulation of gene expression levels of Caspase 3, Caspase 9, P53, and down regulation of BcL2 of all three cell lines. Molecular docking of the three important compounds (Hexadecanoic acid, 3,4,5,6 Tetramethyloctane and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid), with apoptotic protein Caspase 3 and antiapoptotic protein BcL2 was done to find out the binding affinity, stability and drug- likeness properties of these chemicals. In conclusion, F12 fraction of AAEA extract of this mushroom containing six bioactive compounds was a promising antioxidant and anticancer agent and the use of this fraction in cancer treatment will be a novel study for future drug development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acetaminophen, also known as paracetamol (APAP), is a highly utilized pharmaceutical agent on a global scale, particularly in the field of pediatrics. Regrettably, an overdose of APAP, resulting from the predominant oxidation, has the potential to trigger acute liver injury. The study's goal was to find an easy, accurate, and selective way to measure APAP, N-acetyl para benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) (an APAP metabolite that is harmful), and N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) (an antidote). Two different chromatographic methods were used. The HPTLC method, which used silica gel 60 F254 as a stationary phase and a developing liquid made up of methanol, ethyl acetate, and glacial acetic acid (8:2:0.2, v/v/v) and a UV detection at 254 nm. The HPLC method was developed using a mobile phase consisting of water, methanol, and formic acid in a proportion of (70:30:0.15, v/v/v). The stationary phase used in the approach was a C18 column. Analytes quantification was established utilizing a UV detector operating at a wavelength of 254 nm. The present methods make it possible to measure the amount of APAP in plasma samples. When it comes to pharmacokinetics or medication levels in children's plasma, for example, this may be also very helpful. The current methods can quantify NAPQI, which is helpful in figuring out drug concentrations in individuals with APAP intoxication diagnoses. Additionally, the current approaches can estimate NAC as an antidote; as a result, this study is a complete study because it can analyse drug, toxic metabolite, and antidote in one analytical run. Using the innovative blue applicability grade index software, which measures the practicality of procedures, both methodologies were compared with a reported methods. Additionally, the achievement of the eco-friendliness profile of the designed procedures was assessed. Both techniques passed the ICH validation tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal plants often harbour various endophytic actinomycetia, which are well known for their potent antimicrobial properties and plant growth-promoting traits. In this study, we isolated an endophytic actinomycetia, A13, from the leaves of tea clone P312 from the MEG Tea Estate, Meghalaya, India. The isolate A13 was identified as Streptomyces sp. A13 through whole genome sequencing (WGS) and 16S rRNA sequencing, showing 88% (ANI; Average Nucleotide Identity) and 99.78% sequence similarity with Streptomyces olivaceus. The strain A13 exhibited a prominent broad-spectrum antifungal activity against nine phytopathogens. It was observed that the ethyl acetate (EtAc) extract of A13 inhibits the spore germination rate of phytopathogen Nigrospora sphaerica (NSP) and also damages the fungal cell wall and cell structure. Additionally, the A13 strain exhibits several plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits, such as nitrogen fixation, ammonia production (4.7 µmol/ml), indole-acetic acid (IAA) production (8.91 µg/ml), siderophore production and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis revealed that Phenol, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) was found to be the major chemical constituent in the EtAc extract of the A13 strain, accounting for 50.15% of the area percentage. Whole genome sequencing and subsequent genome analysis utilizing bioinformatics techniques such as Antibiotics & Secondary Metabolite Analysis SHell (antiSMASH) and Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology (RAST) revealed a wide array of biologically active secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters (smBGCs) with different physiologically significant roles. These findings emphasize the potential of the A13 strain as a biocontrol agent with the capability to enhance plant growth and prevent diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitex agnus-castus L., a medicinal plant widespread in the Middle East and Europe, is traditionally used to treat various disorders. In this study, extracts from its leaves, collected in Algeria, were evaluated for their antioxidant, enzymatic, and antibacterial activities through in vitro and in silico studies. The hydroalcoholic extract was fractionated using solvents of varying polarity to isolate bioactive compounds with potential biological effects. Notable levels of total phenolics, flavonoids, and flavonols were detected in the dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extracts. NMR and GC-MS were used to identify metabolites in the extracts, which were discussed in relation to their biological activities. Antioxidant assays showed that the EtOAc extract had a remarkable effect, particularly in the DPPH• free radicals test (IC50 = 15.68 ± 1.51 μg/mL), while enzymatic assays revealed that the dichloromethane extract moderately inhibited butyrylcholinesterase (IC50 = 133.54 ± 1.45 μg/mL). Antibacterial assays showed that the extracts inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli strains, with the most significant effect observed for the n-hexane extract, especially against S. aureus and B. subtilis (respectively, 22.33 ± 0.47 and 18.33 ± 0.47 mm diameters). These outcomes were validated via molecular docking simulations on three DNA gyrase enzymes: 3G7E (from E. coli), 3G75 (from S. aureus), and 4DDQ (from B. subtilis), revealing that linolenic and palmitic acids, as well as phytol significantly interacted with these enzymes, showing varying binding affinities and suggesting antibacterial potential against the targeted species E. coli and S. aureus. These findings highlight the potential therapeutic use of V. agnus-castus leaves, encouraging further research into their applicability in the development of plant-derived drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes is a serious global condition, ranking among the top 10 causes of adult death. Current a-glucosidase inhibitors (AGI) have undesirable side effects, highlighting the need to develop new AGI drugs with lower side effects using medicinal plants. Java plum (Syzygium cumini var. album) have traditionally been used to lower blood sugar. This study aimed to isolate active compounds from S. cumini and evaluate their activity against a-glucosidase inhibition, both in vitro and through computational modeling. The leaves and stem bark of S. cumini var. album were extracted using 70 % ethanol, while n-hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water were used as solvents in the fractionation process. The mixtures were then eluted in a gradient manner using column chromatography, and the selected fraction was further isolated by radial chromatography. Identification of the isolated compounds was carried out based on spectroscopic data. Molecular docking was conducted using AutoDockTools 4.2.6 and visualized using BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer v.21.1.0.20298. The results confirmed that the isolated compound identifies it as rutin. Acarbose was used as a reference drug in this study. Based on the docking results, rutin exhibited a more negative ΔG compared to acarbose. The binding energy for these interactions was -3.17 kcal/mol. The binding properties of this a-glucosidase inhibitor resemble those of acarbose. Rutin has an IC50 value of 48.36 ± 0.4 µg/mL, which is slightly higher than that of acarbose, at 45.84 ± 0.27 µg/mL, in inhibiting a-glucosidase. Overall, rutin isolated from S. cumini var. album leaves shows potential for development as an anti-diabetic drug by inhibiting a-glucosidase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catalytic destruction is an ascendant technology for the abatement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) originating from solvent-based industrial processes. The varied composition tends to influence each VOC's catalytic behavior in the reaction mixture. We investigated the catalytic destruction of multi-component VOCs including dichloromethane (DCM) and ethyl acetate (EA), as representatives from pharmaceutical waste gases, over co-supported H x PO 4 -RuO x /CeO 2 catalyst. A mutual inhibitory effect relating to concentrations because of competitive adsorption was verified in the binary VOCs oxidation and EA posed a more negative effect on DCM oxidation owing to EA's superior adsorption capacity. Preferential adsorption of EA on acidic sites (H x PO 4 /CeO 2) promoted DCM activation on basic sites (O2−) and the dominating EA oxidation blocked DCM's access to oxidation centers (RuO x /CeO 2), resulting in boosted monochloromethane yield and increased chlorine deposition for DCM oxidation. The impaired redox ability of Ru species owing to chlorine deposition in turn jeopardized deep oxidation of EA and its by-products, leading to increased gaseous by-products such as acetic acid originating from EA pyrolysis. Notably, DCM at low concentration slightly promoted EA conversion at low temperatures with or without water, consistent with the enhanced EA adsorption in co-adsorption analyses. This was mainly due to that DCM impeded the shielding effect of hydrolysate deposition from rapid EA hydrolysis depending on the decreased acidity. Moreover, water benefited EA hydrolysis but decreased CO 2 selectivity while the generated water derived from EA was likely to affect DCM transformation. This work may provide theoretical guidance for the promotion of applied catalysts toward industrial applications. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Five solvent extracts (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, ethanol/water (70%), and water) of Gladiolus italicus Mill. from Turkey were evaluated for chemical and biological properties. Methods: Antioxidant activities, inhibitory properties against key enzymes involved in the etiology of chronic diseases were tested, as well as cytotoxic effects on different cell lines. Chemical characterization was also carried out to determine the most abundant compounds of each extract. Results: The highest total phenolic content (TPC) was observed in the water extract while highest TFC in ethanol/water extract. The most abundant compounds in the extracts were hyperoside (69041.06 mg kg−1), isoquercitrin (46239.49 mg kg−1), delphindin-3,5-diglucoside (42043.81 mg kg−1), myricetin (21486.61 mg kg−1), and kaempferol-3-glucoside (21199.76 mg kg−1). Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations confirmed the structural stability and dynamic conformational integrity of these complexes over a period of 100 ns. In network pharmacology, A total of 657 unique target genes were screened: 52 associated with programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), 85 with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2), and 130 with fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 (FGFR2), identifying crucial gene interactions for these proteins. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were conducted, revealing significant interactions and pathways such as the advanced glycation end products (AGE) and their receptors (RAGE) signaling pathway in diabetic complications and T- helper 17 (Th17) cell differentiation, among others. This elucidation of complex networks involving key genes like AKT Serine/Threonine Kinase 1 (AKT1), MYC proto-oncogene (MYC), tumor protein 53 (TP53), Interleukin 6 (IL6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) provides a promising foundation for the development of targeted therapies in the treatment of non-communicable diseases. Conclusion: These results show that G. italicus could be a natural source of potent antioxidants and enzyme inhibitors which need to be further explored for the development of biopharmaceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Vinblastine and ajmalicine identified in endophytic fungi isolated from C. roseus. • Only Rhizoctonia solani produced ajmalicine and vinblastine alkaloids. • GC–MS analysis of extracts revealed a wide range of antimicrobial compounds. • Certain endophytic fungi could serve as sources of antioxidants. This study investigates the biodiversity of endophytic fungi in different parts of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. and their associated chemical constituents. The research also explores the potential of these endophytes as alternative sources for industrially and medically significant secondary metabolites, including indole alkaloids. Among the twelve endophytic fungi isolated from the leaves, roots, stems, petals, and callus of the periwinkle plant, seven are reported for the first time as endophytes associated with this species. The chemical profile of ethyl acetate extracts obtained from these fungal endophytes, analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS), revealed the presence of various compounds, including fatty acids, alcohols, esters, and phenolic compounds. Notably, vinblastine and ajmalicine alkaloids—commonly found in the host plant—were detected and quantified in fungal extracts isolated exclusively from the roots of the plant, using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). Rhizoctonia solani was found to accumulate vinblastine (0.222 µg.g⁻¹) and ajmalicine (0.335 µg.g⁻¹), while Fusarium solani accumulated ajmalicine (0.353 µg.g⁻¹), and Acrocalymma vagum accumulated vinblastine (0.255 µg.g⁻¹). Remarkably, this is the first report of vinblastine and ajmalicine accumulation in Acrocalymma vagum and Rhizoctonia solani. Furthermore, Alternaria alternata exhibited the highest total phenolic content (10.41 mg GAE.g⁻¹), and Fusarium solani showed the highest flavonoid content (0.407 mg QE.g⁻¹). The extract of Ectophoma multirostrata demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity. These findings suggest that endophytic fungi associated with C. roseus are promising sources of biologically active metabolites with diverse therapeutic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Highest contents of function component of water extract using ethyl acetate as the extracting solvent. • The ethyl acetate extract from the water extraction showed best activity antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. • The activities of the water extracts of P. oleracea were significantly higher than those of the methanol extracts. • Antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activity positively correlated with total polyphenols, total flavonoids et. al. contents (p < 0.01). The function components of Portulaca oleracea L. are abundant. This study compared the content of functional components, antioxidant activity, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity in different solvent extracts of Portulaca oleracea L, including methanol extracts and aqueous extracts. The ethyl acetate extract from the aqueous extract of Portulaca oleracea L. demonstrated the highest content of total phenols, total flavonoids, total saponins, chlorogenic acid, p-hydroxycinnamic acid, and ferulic acid, along with the best antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. Moreover, a significant positive correlation was observed between the content of functional components and in vitro activities (p < 0.05). The findings indicated that the ethyl acetate extract from the aqueous extract of Portulaca oleracea L. was rich in functional components and exhibited the most potent biological activities, providing a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of this plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• White kidney beans (PVS), which are high in nutrients, have antimicrobial and anticancer qualities. • PVSC extract with CC 50 of 3.849 µg/mL is more cytotoxic to MCF-7 cells. • Lupeol of PVS chloroform extract shows stronger interactions with Er-α than 8-pentadecanol, 2-butoxyethyl oleate, and doxorubicin. • Lupeol satisfies the pharmacokinetic features of drug likeliness requirements and is determined to be non-hazardous and non-carcinogenic. White kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), a type of common bean, are very noteworthy due to their distinct biological activity and great nutritional value. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of bean extracts in eliminating bacterial uropathogens, finding the active components of beans, and the potential of their chloroform extract to combat the protein Er-α found in breast cancer cells. Bean extracts with acetone, chloroform, and ethyl acetate showed higher antibacterial action than other extracts against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC, 64 µg/ml), while methanol and acetone extracts were more effective against Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC, 8 µg/ml), and methanol extract was more inhibitory to Escherichia coli (MIC, 16 µg/ml). The chloroform extract was found to be cytotoxic in MCF-7 cells, with a CC 50 value of 3.849 µg/ml based on the MTT experiment. The GC–MS analysis of chloroform extract revealed 17 compounds, with lupeol, 8-pentadecanol, and 2-butoxyethyl oleate being key elements. Molecular docking investigations show that lupeol has a binding affinity of −10.5 Kcal/mol and a stronger interaction with Er-α than 8-pentadecanol and 2-butoxyethyl oleate. The in silico pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties of chosen substances were evaluated using Swiss ADME and admetSAR, and lupeol was found to be satisfactory. Lupeol exhibited a higher Pa score (0.799) for breast cancer prevention than doxorubicin, 2-butoxyethyl oleate, or 8-pentadecanol. The current study indicated the antibacterial importance of methanol and chloroform extracts of P. vulgaris seeds as well as the importance of lupeol from chloroform extract as a potential treatment for breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report covers extraction, isolation, and characterisation studies on Eremurus spectabilis BIEB (Liliaceae) species. Eremurus spectabilis BIEB was extracted with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol, respectively. Using chromatographic methods, two known bianthraquinones (ES3, 7,10ʹ-bichrysophanol and ES6, chrysalodin), three known anthraquinones (ES1, chrysophanol; ES2, chrysophanol-8-methyl ether; ES4, aloe emodin) and one known steroidal compound (ES5, daucosterol) were isolated from the chloroform extract. Structures of these isolated compounds were revealed by 1D and 2D NMR and HRMS spectroscopies. Absolute configurations of ES3 and ES6 were determined by single crystal X-Ray diffraction analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]