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Objective: This study examined college students' perceptions of how parents, family, friends, significant others, and the media influenced eating and exercise behaviors and weight perceptions. Participants: Forty-one college students, mostly female, participated in interviews. Methods: A Grounded Theory approach, using open coding and memoing, was used to uncover key themes. Results: Healthy cooking and exercise role models at home were viewed as positive, encouraging healthy eating and exercise. Criticism was perceived as negative for healthy habits and weight perceptions. Friends and significant others who practiced positive health habits and were body accepting were uplifting. Cultural transmission of the thin ideal could occur through the media. Some noted that media messages were becoming more positive. Conclusions: Using peers, especially friends, as collaborators in interventions, and discussing parental influences on eating, exercise, and weight perceptions may positively impact obesity prevention programs and interventions for college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Running is a popular physical activity and the number of new runners increase in several running events. The aims of this research were 1) to study knowledge, attitudes, and exercise behaviors of new runners, and 2) to compare exercise behaviors of the new runners.The sample were 503 new runners by simple random sampling in the ED Run Mini Marathon, 50 Years of Education, Chiang Mai University. The instruments used in this research were the knowledge test which indicated reliability level (KR-20) at 0.75, the questionnaire about attitudes and about exercise behaviors, which displayed the reliability level (a) at 0.90 and 0.93, respectively. The statistics used for data analysis were frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. T-test and F- test were used for comparison. Then the pair test with the Scheffé method and Dunnett T3 test were conducted. The research results indicated that 1) the new runners had knowledge at a medium level while possessed a high level of attitudes and exercise behaviors, and 2) the new runners that had different in gender, age, smoking, occupation, race participation frequency within 1 month, and distance experiences also, had exercise behaviors that were significantly different at the statistical level of.01.

Background: Workplace exercise (WE) has become the focus of a number of studies in Thailand universities as it is believed to prevent numerous chronic diseases. This study aims to illustrate and investigate the behavioral factors related to the physical fitness of university workers and attitudes in work performance. Methods: We conducted a quasi-experimental study on 93 workers with purposive sampling using the Taro Yamane method, to examine exercise behaviors and knowledge, attitude, and exercise practice. Then, 31 selected participants who were at a moderate level of attitude and exercise practice joined the workplace exercise program for two months. Participants’ exercise behavior and knowledge, attitude, and exercise practice before and after joining the program were analyzed using an independent t-test. The physical fitness and work attitude were examined. Results: The results show that the university workers who participated in the program had an adjustment in exercise behavior after engaging in WE with a high level of knowledge, attitude (3.14+.18) and exercise practice (3.32+.31). In addition, we found that programs improved physical fitness with a significant increase in resting heart rate and leg strength (p Conclusion: The results correspond to earlier studies on exercise factors with the increasing exercise behavior level in terms of knowledge, attitude, and exercise practice. The WE is important for university workers. Therefore, the developed WE in the workplace increased the health and work attitude.

Purpose: Understanding racial/ethnic and nativity disparities in physical activity (PA) is important, as certain subgroups bear a disproportionate burden of physical inactivity–related diseases. This descriptive study compared mean leisure-time moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (LTMVPA) by race/ethnicity and nativity. Methods: The Cancer Prevention Study-3 (78.1% women; age, 47.9 ± 9.7 yr) includes 4722 (1.9%) Asian/Pacific Islander; 1232 (0.5%) Black/Indigenous (non-White) Latino; 16,041 (6.5%) White Latino; 9295 (3.8%) non-Latino Black; 2623 (1.1%) Indigenous American; and 210,504 (85.7%) non-Latino White participants across the United States and Puerto Rico. Participants completed validated LTMVPA and 24-h time use surveys at enrollment (2006–2013). Differences in LTMVPA across race/ethnicity and nativity were examined by ANCOVA with paired Tukey tests adjusting for age and sex. The proportion of time spent sitting, sleeping, and on PA by race/ethnicity was also compared. Results: There were significant differences in LTMVPA by race/ethnicity (race main effect, P < 0.001; nativity, P = 0.072; interaction, P < 0.001). Pairwise comparisons showed that White participants born abroad were the most active (23.8 MET-h·wk−1) and non-White Latino participants born abroad were the least active (17.9 MET-h·wk−1). Among Latinos, participants born in Puerto Rico were 6.6–7.3 MET-h·wk−1 less active than participants born in Mexico, the United States/Canada, or other countries. There were variations in time use by race/ethnicity, with the largest difference in time spent sitting while watching TV. Black participants spent 14.8% of the day (~3.5 h) sitting watching TV, which was 78 min longer than Asian/Pacific Islander participants. Conclusions: This study suggests that there are differences in LTMVPA accumulation by race, ethnicity, and nativity. Results can be used to identify demographic groups that may benefit from culturally tailored PA interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to explore the audio-visual preferences of exercisers in urban forest parks in China and to make practical suggestions for park landscape design. Taking Beigushan Forest Park in Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province as a case, based on field research and questionnaire survey, this study analyzed the audio-visual preference characteristics of exercisers in the park, revealed the correlation between audio-visual preference and exercisers' behaviors and individual characteristics, and explored the influence of audio-visual preferences on exercise feelings by establishing a structural equation model. It was found that (1) the forest and its avenue landscape and birdsong are most preferred by exercisers; (2) the audio-visual preferences of people with different exercise forms differ, for example, people who slowly walk, run, and briskly walk have stronger preferences for natural soundscape and visual landscape, while people who use fitness equipment have stronger inclusiveness for human activity sound and prefer public facility-based landscapes. In addition, some individual characteristics such as exercise intensity and exercise frequency significantly affect exercisers' audio-visual preferences; (3) visual landscape preferences have a greater direct impact on exercise feelings, with natural waterscape having the greatest direct impact, but overall soundscape preferences do not have a high degree of direct impact on exercise feelings, with natural sound still having a strong positive impact. These findings provide a more quantitative basis for the landscape design of urban forest parks from the perspective of exercise behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the effects of a university recreation center intervention aimed at increasing members' perceptions of a caring, task-involving climate. In addition, members' perceptions of staff behaviors and their own behaviors were measured. College students (N = 282) completed questionnaires before and after an intervention designed to increase perceptions of a caring, task-involving climate. Results revealed the intervention did increase members' perceptions of the caring, task-involving climate while reducing perceptions of the ego-involving climate. Members' perceptions of the staff and their own positive behaviors also increased. The staff's behaviors predicted members' perceptions of the three types of climates; moreover, members' perceptions of the ego-involving climate negatively predicted their caring, task-involving behaviors. The study suggests that members' perceptions of the climate can be positively influenced through minimal training with recreation center staff and that the behaviors in which the staff engage are an antecedent to members' perceptions of the motivational climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical activity (PA) is a widely accepted strategy to manage chronic diseases like type 1 diabetes; however, unique PA barriers likely result in lower PA levels among person(s) with type 1 diabetes (PWT1D), compared to person(s) without type 1 diabetes (PWOT1D). The integrated theory of health behavior change (ITHBC) (i.e., knowledge/beliefs, self-regulation, and self-management) provides a helpful framework for understanding PA and other health behaviors. This research aimed to determine differences in PA between adult PWT1D and PWOT1D, and characterize their PA-related behaviors using the ITHBC. Participants (N = 90; 86.7% female, 90% white) were recruited via social media and university listserv to complete an online questionnaire. Questions addressed demographics, anthropometrics, diabetes status, and PA-related behaviors. Participants were matched for race, gender, age, and body mass index. PA and related behaviors were compared between PWT1D and PWOT1D using independent samples t-tests and chi-square-tests. No significant differences were found between PWT1D and PWOT1D for weekly minutes of moderate- or vigorous-aerobic PA, or weekly days of muscle-strengthening PA (p > 0.05). Fifty-one percent of PWT1D and 53.3% of PWOT1D reported enough activity to meet PA guidelines. Almost twice as many PWT1D meeting PA guidelines reported using goal setting, a self-regulation behavior, compared to those who did not meet guidelines (82.6% versus 45.5%, p = 0.009). Targeting PA-related behaviors within ITHBC constructs may help reinforce or influence PA behaviors. These findings can inform future behavior change interventions with PWT1D that focus on educational practices for type 1 diabetes educators or healthcare providers for PWT1D so they can better aid patients.

Background: Bandura has identified knowledge and four core determinants (e.g., self-efficacy, outcomes expectations, goals, and facilitators/impediments) along with a threefold stepwise implementation model for guiding health promotion and disease prevention interventions. Aims: This research explored the exercise behaviors of persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) through the articulated lens of social cognitive theory. Methods: We conducted secondary analysis of qualitative data from 50 people with MS using deductive, thematic analysis. Participant data were sorted into the three levels of Bandura's threefold stepwise implementation model using our collective perception of espoused beliefs regarding knowledge and the four core determinants of health promotion. Results: Participants expressed the four core determinants of health promotion and knowledge regarding exercise in different ways that permitted classification into distinct levels of Bandura's threefold stepwise implementation model. Conclusions: The confirmation of the four core determinants of health promotion and knowledge aligning with the threefold stepwise implementation model will allow better tailoring and targeting of exercise promotion interventions by healthcare providers, fitness professionals, and researchers. Persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) are not as physically active as the general population of adults. There is substantial evidence of health benefits through exercise, yet lack of sufficient participation. Interventions for persons with MS in level 1 of Bandura's threefold stepwise implementation model should focus on maintenance of current exercise; technologies to track, record, and share exercise habits; information and guidance that is specific to individual symptoms; and updates on advancements in MS research. Interventions for persons with MS in level 2 of Bandura's threefold stepwise implementation model should raise awareness and understanding of the importance of exercise and overall health; motivational strategies; and low or no-cost options for exercise. Interventions for persons with MS in level 3 of Bandura's threefold stepwise implementation model should focus on establishing a connection between health and exercise; health communication; and incremental steps toward exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(4): 989-1000, 2019. Many young adults experience distorted body image and decreased body satisfaction. To attain more "ideal" bodies, negative alterations in eating and/or exercise habits are common. This study's objective was to compare disordered eating and muscle dysmorphia in undergraduates who participate in aerobic-, anaerobic-, or flexibility-predominant exercise; mixed exercise; or no exercise. One hundred twelve undergraduate students (age 21.2 ± 4.8 years; BMI 25.0 ± 4.6 kg/m²) were recruited from the student union and recreation center. The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI), and demographic/exercise questions were administered via iPad. Exercisers reported = 150 minutes/week of exercise. Predominant exercise type was defined as = 50% reported minutes from one type. Between-sex differences were assessed by t-tests, while exercise type differences were assessed using analysis of variance. Disordered eating was exhibited in 25.9% of undergraduates. Females had higher EAT-26 total and dieting subscale scores (p < 0.05 for both). EAT-26 total, dieting subscale, and bulimia and food preoccupation subscales were higher in aerobic-predominant compared to anaerobic-predominant exercisers (p < 0.05 for all). Muscle dysmorphia was exhibited in 7.1% of undergraduates. Males had higher MDDI total and drive for size subscale scores, while females scored higher on the appearance intolerance subscale (p < 0.05 for all). Aerobic- and anaerobic-predominant exercisers had higher MDDI total and functional impairment subscale scores than non-exercisers (p < 0.05). Non-exercisers were largely unaffected by disordered eating and muscle dysmorphia. Females and aerobic-predominant exercisers exhibited more symptoms of disordered eating, while males exhibited more symptoms of muscle dysmorphia. University campuses should consider targeted education for these groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of dietary and exercise self-management support program on the dietary behavior, exercise behavior, and clinical outcomes of Muslim patients with poorly controlled type 2 DM in Indonesia. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental, two group, pre-test and post-test design. The experimental group received the dietary and exercise self-management support program and usual care, whereas the control group only received the usual nursing care. Result: 35 subjects in the experimental group and 35 subjects in the control group completed the program, respectively. The findings indicated that there are significantly differences in dietary behavior (p=.00), exercise behavior (p=.00) and clinical outcomes: fasting blood glucose (FBG) (p=.00), cholesterol total level (p=.01) and systolic blood pressure (p=.00) between the experimental group and control group. However, for the BMI status (p=.84) and diastolic blood pressure (BP) (p=.32) were no significant differences between two groups. Conclusion: The dietary and exercise self-management support program was effective for improving the dietary behavior, exercise behavior, FBG, and total cholesterol level for individuals with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. Further studies should be replicated using larger groups over a longer time frame.

Background: Routine exercise has been established as an effective way to improve overall health. The value of exercise has been established in many diseases, however, there are no studies investigating the impact of exercise for individuals with primary immunodeficiency disease (PID). The purpose of this study was to investigate exercise perceptions and behaviors in individuals diagnosed with PID.Methods: An online survey was distributed over a four-week period.Results: Of the 264 responses collected, most were females, 45-54 years old. Respondents reported a measurable loss of function impairing their daily activities due to loss of mobility/physical activity (41.32%), or loss of lung/pulmonary function (40.08%,). They felt exercise decreased stress level and improved their mental well-being (46.25%). Some indicated they participate in exercise (33.20%), while 36.84% had not participated in exercise for at least 1 year. Exercise was limited primarily due to fatigue (86.97%).Conclusion: Exercise is important for those with chronic medical conditions. Most individuals living with PID can participate in low/moderate physical activity, but struggle with vigorous physical activity, since fatigue is the greatest barrier. Respondents view exercise as beneficial, and would like to increase participation in an exercise program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exercise is a key component of burn rehabilitation across all phases of care. Supervised outpatient exercise programs have been shown to improve outcomes following burn injury. However, little is known about the exercise behaviors of burn survivors who do not undertake such programs. This study aimed to investigate self-reported exercise behaviors and barriers to exercise in adult burn survivors. A short questionnaire survey was conducted on adult burn survivors attending the ambulatory burns clinic of a tertiary hospital over a 6-week period. The collected data were subjected to paired t-tests and Pearson's correlation test. A total of 63 adult burn survivors (mean age 36.5 years) completed the questionnaire. Participants reported exercising less frequently and engaged in fewer different types of exercise compared with pre-burn (P < 0.05). Poor physical conditions and low motivation and enthusiasm were the major barriers to exercise. Participation in supervised exercise programs can be limited by a range of factors including the availability of resources and access to facilities. This preliminary study suggests that there is a need to improve compliance with outpatient exercise programs. Burn survivors appear to exercise less frequently after burn injury. Barriers to exercise following burn injury include poor physical condition and reduced motivation. Further investigation into overall physical activity following burn injury and potential physical and psychological limitations is warranted. Burn clinicians should highly encourage injury survivors to participate in supervised exercise programs when available or to do exercises at home to maximize post-burn injury recovery.

Copyright of Society & Leisure / Loisir & Société is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Using the theory of planned behavior (TPB), Haegele et al. 1 created the beliefs of individuals with visual impairments about physical activity scale (BIVIPA-1) to examine individuals with visual impairments' (VI) motivation toward physical activity (PA). The overall factorial tenability of the BIVIPA-1 remains unclear due to its item configuration., Objective/hypothesis: The purposes of this cross-sectional study were to: (a) use confirmatory factor analysis to explore the structure of the expanded BIVIPA-2 and (b) test the predictive utility of TPB constructs on PA among adults with VI., Methods: Adults with VI (n = 236) completed the BIVIPA-2 and a multi-item PA recall instrument. A CFA was performed on the BIVIPA-2, and structural equation modeling was used to explore the relationship between theory constructs and PA., Results: The CFA results showed that the underlying structure of BIVIPA-2 was tenable for adults with VI based on TPB. Structural equation modeling showed limited support for the theorized predictive roles of theory variables on PA, as attitude predicted physical activity intention. Interestingly, subjective norm was a direct predictor for PA among adults with VI (β = 0.145)., Conclusions: TPB had limited predictive utility for physical activity among individuals with VI. The predictive relationship of subjective norms on PA may be somewhat unique to this population. Researchers may consider expanding the model to examine social support and subjective norms constructs and PA among individuals with VI., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. This study received no external funding., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

This study examined student health-related fitness (HRF) knowledge and its relationship to physical activity (PA). The participants were undergraduate students from a large U.S. state university. HRF knowledge was assessed using a test consisting of 150 multiple choice items. Differences in HRF knowledge scores by sex, ethnicity, and years in university were examined by ANOVA. The mean HRF knowledge test score of students was 58 out of 150 points. No significant HRF knowledge differences were found by PA levels, sex or by years in university. In conclusion, many university students have yet mastered an adequate amount of HRF knowledge and no significant relationship between HRF knowledge and PA was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined self-reported relationships between motivations and barriers to exercise, frequency of exercise, and location of exercise to body image. The study surveyed 1044 students from a large Midwestern university. Respondents comprised of 689 (66.0%) females and 355 (34.0%) males with an age range of 17-55 years. Raw survey data were analyzed using independent content analysis. Most participants (76.8%) reported exercising while the remainder did not. Body image was a significant factor in determining the amount exercised for a majority of participants (58.3%), as well as the location of exercise for some (22.4%). Non-exercisers were satisfied with their overall appearance and did not identify body image as a significant barrier to exercise. However, non-exercisers, as well as exercisers, reported a desire to exercise more. Both exercisers (77.4%) and non- exercisers (90.9%) exercised more in the past and wished they exercised more currently (76.0% of exercisers and 88.8% of non-exercisers, respectively). These data show that body image was a motive to exercise amounts for exercisers, a barrier to exercise location for exercisers, but not a barrier to exercise for non-exercisers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sport- Und Präventivmedizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The authors designed this study to determine if differences exist between male and female collegiate athletes' supplement use and behaviors to modify body appearance. Participants: Collegiate athletes who participated in this study were 241 females and 210 males, aged 17 to 28 years. Method: Participants completed a questionnaire about the average number of times each week they performed specific supplementing, exercise, or dietary behaviors. Results: The authors found differences associated with gender for 9 of the 18 behaviors. Specifically, 2 of these 9 behaviors were dietary, 1 was supplementary, 3 were physique concerns, and 3 involved personal motivation for weightlifting. Conclusion: Male athletes reported a higher drive for size, speed, and power, whereas female athletes were more concerned with body fat, more likely to restrict caloric intake, and more prone to consume weight loss supplements. No differences were found by gender regarding supplement use to increase body size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]