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Purpose: Antarctic expeditions are exceptional physiological challenges. Sleep plays a critical role in athletic performance, recovery, and wellness, with sleep disturbances having a negative impact on health and performance. Methods: The authors investigated sleep, fatigue, and recovery profiles of the longest solo unsupported one-way polar ski journey across Antarctica. A 33-year-old woman covered 1484.53 km from Hercules Inlet to the South Pole, finishing at the Ross Ice Shelf, in 70 days and 16 hours. Questionnaires on sleep (Pittsburgh Insomnia Rating Scale and Karolinska Sleepiness Scale), fatigue (Subjective Assessment of Fatigue), recovery (Total Quality Recovery), and wellness were completed at different time points (before, during, and after the expedition). Results: Average daily sleep time was between 4 and 5 hours, increasing to 7 hours for the final part of the expedition. Satisfaction of sleep and lack of energy deteriorated as the expedition progressed, alongside signs of clinical insomnia. Fatigue and muscle soreness increased with increasing milage, with extreme levels and very poor recovery toward the end of the expedition. Despite this, the adventurer continued to perform on extremely high levels. Postexpedition scores returned to baseline, demonstrating the incredible adaptation and ability to recovery. The postexpedition interview showed that prior experience of an Antarctic expedition may have prepared the athlete and made her more resilient for this challenge. Conclusions: The data provide unique insights into Antarctic expeditions and may help us understand the limits of human performance when planning future expeditions of this nature. Female athletes are capable of extreme challenges, breaking established performance boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With various infectious disease risks to passenger ship travellers, guidance for infectious disease prevention, mitigation and management (PMM) exists. Emerging infections and emergencies necessitate updated, context-specific guidelines and practices. New evidence for infection PMM must be translated into guidance for governmental authorities and the passenger ship industry. Under the European HEALTHY SAILING project, we conducted a scoping review of publications in PubMed, Scopus and grey literature for scientific articles, regulations, guidelines and policies describing infectious disease PMM in seaports, cruise, ferry, expedition and river cruise ships between 1990 and 2023. Main findings: Of 620 publications most were peer-reviewed articles (57.7%) and technical guidance (27.9%), followed by reports/other documents (9.1%), industry guidance (3.4%) and legislation (1.9%). Half (50.5%) of all publications addressed respiratory illnesses, fewer addressed gastroenteritis (11.5%), Legionnaire's (6.1%), other vaccine-preventable (3.2%), vector-borne (1.6%) and sexually transmitted (1.0%) diseases. Most publications focus on infectious disease in seagoing cruise ships (75.7%) compared to ferries, expedition and river cruise ships (26.6%, 16.9%, 16.3%, respectively). Fewer publications addressed seaports (39.0%), shore-side personnel (19.7%) and port communities (2.4%). Most literature was published between 2020 and 2023 (50.2%) with a peak addressing respiratory illnesses (264 publications) during this period. A trend in volume and type was observed based on public health emergencies associated with the publication year. Conclusions: Peer-reviewed articles and guidance primarily address respiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses, seagoing cruise ships and onboard populations. Gaps on the following topics exist: other infectious disease types; other passenger ship types; land-based personnel and port communities. Future research could assess risk factors and PMM measure effectiveness considering vaccine-preventable, vector-borne and sexually transmitted diseases. The evidence-base should be strengthened to produce guidelines targeting specificities of seaports, ferries, expedition and river cruise ships. Developing guidelines to standardise passenger ship outbreak investigation reporting could help evaluate PMM measure effectiveness, the impact of passenger ship travel on port communities and vice versa. Modern passenger ship experiences—from educational to elderly focused cruising—present diverse public health risks, requiring continuous efforts by public health authorities and the shipping industry. While outside the review's scope, measures may impact travellers' mental health, necessitating strategies when designing and implementing PMM measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In September 2023, Boaz Ng went on a botanical expedition to the Western Cape province of South Africa. The region is renowned for its intense floral diversity, with many species of carnivorous plants growing amidst the stunning landscape. With the help of Alexander Dietrick and Hendré Barnard, he was able to observe every described sundew in the province over 19 days of exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article attempts to cover the trip of Lieutenant Nazirov to Merv in 1882. The result of the 2nd Akhal-Teke expedition was the seizure of the territory of Ahal. Neighboring Merv remained independent. To collect the necessary material, a study expedition is organized under the leadership of Nazirov. This trip, unfortunately, was not reflected in the scientific literature, and therefore we have decided to fill this gap. The collection of data from various sources has helped to outline both the expedition itself and to revive the complex historical atmosphere of that time. Data about this expedition are very scarce. The report of Lieutenant Nazirov, «Routing Description of the Path», is of particular interest. A good addition is the article «Our Travelers in Merv», published in the weekly magazine «World Illustration» for 1883, as well as Nazirov’s report «Report on Lieutenant Nazirov’s trip to Merv in 1882». The purpose of our research is a detailed analysis of the available source base for this issue. We have tried to compensate for the limited material with extracts from historiographical works. Using the method of historical-comparative analysis and comparison of available documentation, we have tried to reproduce the general historical background of that time

From September 9 to 14, 2024, employees of the the Usmanov Center for Research on the Golden Horde and Tatar Khanates of the Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences carried out an expedition to the Lower Volga Region. The purpose of the expedition was to study the state of the Golden Horde historical and archaeological sites and hold round tables with local specialists, establish close contacts with scientific institutions of this region. The route of the trip was planned in advance and agreed upon with local scientists. The expedition participants visited Saratov, Volgograd and Astrakhan, where they held scientific and practical seminars, visited local museums and various archaeological sites. They also met with representatives of the Tatar community of the Volga Region. Problems and issues related to the study of the Golden Horde heri­tage in these regions, as well as prospects for joint projects, were discussed.

The article analyses expedition sketches of professional artist Lyudmila Mikhailovna Pozdeeva from the collections of the National Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan and the “Miraskhane” Written Heritage Center of G. Ibragimov Institute of Language, Literature and Art of the Republic of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, which were made by the master during the expeditions of 1926 and 1927 under the leadership of N. I. Vorobyev. Costume complexes of Tatars of different subethnic and ethnographic groups are analysed. Particular attention is paid to the scientific component of L. M. Pozdeeva’s work, the consistency of the sketches to written sources, museum materials and expedition photographs. The author of the article identified nine watercolours and one graphite pencil sketch, which depict the clothes of men and women of different ages. The pieces were made in the Chelny, Chistopol, Sviyazhsk, and Tetyush cantons, in settlements such as Nizhneye Bishevo, Kainly, Akbulatovo, Stary Tatarsky Adam, Molkeevo, Stary Kurbash, and Bakorchi (Bakrchi). Some images are duplicated by photographs, which became the visual accompaniment to the texts of N.I. Vorobyev’s academic publications. The sketches by L.M. Pozdeeva found by the author of the article fully correspond to the photographic images, which is evidence of the precise reproduction of what she saw during the expeditions. The artist chose different angles of the characters in national clothing, thereby creating not just an ethnographic copy, but an artistic image.

When he embarked on the voyage up the Missouri River in May 1804 as a member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, little did Patrick Gass know that he was about to play a seminal role in the Corps of Discovery. In addition to his countless contributions throughout the journey to the Pacific coast, the carpenter of the party was also one of the seven journalists of the group. Published as early as 1807—one year after the triumphant return to St. Louis—his story of the adventure would, for seven years, be the only available account of the American epic into the wilderness; a genuine invitation to traveling, it would singlehandedly fan the flame of expansionist desire. In this respect, beyond the apparently linear and chronological aspect of his narrative, more than a past experience being passed on to the coming generations, it is truly a vision of the nation’s future that Gass, through the pages of his journal, reveals to his fellow citizens.

سيرة وني الذاتية (2) بعض الملاحظات على بعثة حتنوب [AR] تجري الدراسة الحالية فحصًا دقيقًا لجزء من المساعي الملاحية المسجلة في السيرة الذاتية لويني خلال عهد الملك مرنرع، وتبين تفاصيله بشكل دقيق؛ إذ سجل وني في سيرته الذاتية قيامه برحلة نهرية نجح فيها في بناء مركب ذي خصائص محددة - نوعًا ومادًة وأبعادًا - لنقل مائدة قرابين من حتنوب إلى سقارة خلال مدة محددة. وعلى الرغم من بساطة مفردات وني، وخلوها من التعقيد، إلا أنها لا تزال عصية على الفهم بشكل واضح - رغم تعدد ترجمات النقش وتنوعها - لاعتماد وني على أسلوب بلاغي ذي مسحة شديدة الإيجاز. الأمر الذي حال كثيرًا دون إماطة اللثام عن عدد كبير من التفاصيل اللغوية من ناحية والملاحية من ناحية أخرى. ويكمن مفتاح فك رموز هذا النقش في خطوتين أساسيتين: أولًا، تحديد معاني المصطلحات المتعلقة ببناء المركب مثل و ، وتبيان دلالاتهما اللغوية والسياقية بشكل دقيق. ثانيًا، مقارنة هذين المصطلحين بالأفعال الأخرى المستخدمة لأغراض مماثلة في أنشطة وني الملاحية في سيرته الذاتية. ثالثًا، تفسير أسباب استخدام وني لهذا الأسلوب في وصف بعثته النهرية. ويهدف هذا النهج إلى التحقق من صحة فترات بناء المركب والملاحة، بالإضافة إلى تمييز الأهمية الحقيقية للإطار الزمني المكون من السبعة عشرة يومًا، والجوانب الملاحية الأخرى ذات الصلة. ومما لا شك فيه أن التكامل بين دراسات الآثار المصرية وعلم الآثار البحرية كفيل بإلقاء الضوء على هذه الاستفسارات. [EN] The current study undertakes a closer examination of a segment of the nautical endeavors chronicled in Weni's autobiography, which pertains to an expedition involving the construction of a barge with specific characteristics in terms of type, wood, and dimensions for the transportation of an offering table from Hatnub to Saqqara within a determined period. Despite the apparent simplicity of the vocabulary used in this inscription, it poses several challenges due to adopting the literal meanings, thereby impacting the translation and comprehension of the inscription. The key to deciphering this inscription takes two primary steps: Firstly, delineating the meanings of terms related to boatbuilding in the inscription, such as and , and understanding their precise and contextual significance; secondly, comparing these verbs with others employed for similar purposes elsewhere in Weni’s autobiography. This approach aims to validate the durations for the barge construction and navigation and discern the true significance of the seventeen-day timeframe and other pertinent nautical aspects. Undoubtedly, the integration of studies in Egyptian archaeology and nautical archaeology promises to shed light on these inquiries.

To successfully complete a Polar expedition individuals and teams must respond resiliently to the environmental, psychological, and social demands they face. In this study we examined profiles of resilient function in seven people from three expeditions in the High Arctic. Using a structured daily diary, participants reported on experiences of physical health (morning and evening), affect, team cohesion, performance, and potential explanatory factors including sleep, demand appraisals, events, and coping strategies. Notable intra‐ and inter‐individual variability was observed in daily reports and all profiles could be interpreted as representing resilient function. A number of significant relationships were found between markers of resilient physical and psychosocial function and potential explanatory variables. For example, there was much more daily variability in an individual's reporting of positive affect than prior research might imply, and what prior research designs could capture. Further, while negative affect tended to remain low and stable, our findings reveal that even minor and infrequent increases in negative emotions were significantly associated with other variables in the network. Finally, across the expedition period individual coping resources consistently exceeded demands, suggesting that individuals viewed the expedition as a challenge and not a threat. More broadly, these findings inform efforts to monitor, and maintain resilience when operating in Polar and other extreme settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. In the early 1970s, Mongolia’s executives ― in accordance with the Comprehensive Program of Socialist Economic Integration ― were seeking to gain economic ground and bring the MPR to the level of its partners. In this regard, a number of initiatives were put forward by CMEA, one be discussed herein. Goals. The article examines how CMEA bodies would coordinate the making of the International Geological Expedition in Mongolia. Materials. The source base for the study comprises both published and unpublished materials from the Russian State Archive of Economy and Russian State Archive of Contemporary History. Results. The approval of the Expedition’s establishment was a relatively long and non-linear process. The three-year review witnessed at least two appeals by the CMEA Standing Commission on Geology to the Executive Committee requesting due coordination of most controversial issues. Conclusions. The long and sometimes heated negotiation process resulted in that key provisions of the Agreement on the establishment of IGE were dramatically different from the initial proposals of the Mongolian side. The meetings of 1972–1973 proved decisive for the future functioning of the Expedition, since the former articulated the main goals of the endeavor. When it came to initiate such an expedition, the Mongolian side’s draft implied its work would be paralleled by arrangements on ‘issue no. 11’ to avoid any thematic overlaps, but this idea was opposed by the European socialist countries. In response, the July 1973 meeting launched a new initiative of the Mongolian side suggesting a detailed exploration of three deposits (a project of joint development was then being lobbied by Mongolian representatives in CMEA bodies). In our opinion, the contradictions were rooted in differing visions of the IGE’s goals adopted by Mongolia and European socialist countries. Nevertheless, the very fact of the IGE’s establishment in Mongolia can be viewed as a completely positive experience, since it was one of the few Mongolian initiatives within the CMEA that resulted in the signing of a multilateral agreement.

The paper provides information on the objectives, methods, targets and some preliminary results of the expeditionary work carried out within the framework of the RSF project No.21-17-00049 by the employees of the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology of the FEB RAS, Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics of the FEB RAS, Pacific Geographical Institute of the FEB RAS and Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum-Gas Geology and Geophysics of the SB RAS in 2022 and 2023. The main objectives of the expedition were geological volcanological, hydrogeological, geophysical, tephrochronological, and paleoseismological studies. In accordance with the set objectives, field teams were formed, which began work in February 2022. On the basis of the data obtained during the expedition, previously unknown hydrothermal manifestations and seismic events on Iturup Island were identified. A number of geophysical and paleomagnetic surveys were carried out.

The paper provides information about the expedition to the European North of Russia in 1843. The expedition travelled about 8000 miles (about 8427 km). The main route was connected with the wa-terway along the rivers Vychegda, Pechora, Izhma and their tributaries. Hiking routes were connected with the description of the Ural Mountains sites (Bolvano—Iz, Skala). On reindeer sledges, the expedition reached the coast of the Barents Sea and carried out geological and geographical work in the Timan tundra. The work was supervised by a paleontologist, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, Count A.A. Keyserling. The scientist described and paleontologically characterized the rocks of the Lower Silurian, Devonian, Permian, Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous age. As a result of the expedition, the main minerals (coal, gypsum, oil, domanic, copper ore, salt, grindstone) were studied. The significant geological and geographical result was the discovery of the Timan Ridge and its mapping. P.I. Krusenstern conducted topographic surveys, astronomical and geographical observations. He compiled a geographical map on a scale of 1:3000000 with a rectangular geographic grid and detailed drawing of rivers, lakes and settlements. The published works of the scientists are kept in the funds of the A. A. Chernov Geological Museum, Institute of Geology.

The results of field work at the active volcanoes Alaid and Ebeko, located in the northern part of the Kuril Island Arc, carried out in June−July 2023 are described. At Alaid volcano, the first survey of lava flows and fumarolic mineralization products of the 2022 eruption was carried out at various heights, including the summit, and geological sampling of the Taketomi cone and eruptive rocks of the eastern coast of Atlas Island was also conducted. An aerial photo and area temperature survey of the area occupied by the products of the 2022 eruption was undertaken at the summit of Alaid volcano using a high-precision quadrocopter equipped with a thermal imaging camera. At Ebeko volcano, mineral samples were taken from fumarole sites located on its eastern slope, and an aerial photo and area temperature survey were done.

The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between orientalism and colonialism. More specifically, it analyses orientalism in its various ways before and during the nineteenth century to the present day, as well as its actual aims. For this purpose, the expeditions of some European orientalists, missionaries, and explorers are analysed and discussed. In addition to these expeditions, numerous writings and various viewpoints expressed by some authors in the social and human sciences are examined. The methodology used in the study is mainly based on critical literature sources. Overall, it appears that despite the attempts of some authors to challenge it, there is a direct and close link between orientalism, postcolonialism, and colonialism. Indeed, far from being a simple and innocent approach or discipline studying the relationship between the East and the West, orientalism served as a colonial ideology and prepare the ground to facilitate Europe's dominance over the rest of the world. Furthermore, the structure of international relations and the forms of relationship that certain European powers maintain with their former colonies reveal orientalist and neo-colonialist patterns.

Through exploration, we want to contribute to scientific knowledge and collect data that will change our understanding of the universe, engaging individuals, organizations, and people along this extraordinary journey. At a time of crucial change for our survival on the planet, we feel compelled to contribute and engineer new and brilliant solutions to keep the earth’s inhabitants healthy and human civilization to thrive.

Copyright of Historia Regional is the property of Historia Regional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Razón Crítica is the property of La Fundacion Universidad de Bogota Jorge Tadeo Lozano and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Razón Crítica is the property of La Fundacion Universidad de Bogota Jorge Tadeo Lozano and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Folia Pharmaceutica Cassoviensia is the property of University of Veterinary Medicine & Pharmacy in Kosice and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between orientalism and colonialism. More specifically, it analyses orientalism in its various ways before and during the nineteenth century to the present day, as well as its actual aims. For this purpose, the expeditions of some European orientalists, missionaries, and explorers are analysed and discussed. In addition to these expeditions, numerous writings and various viewpoints expressed by some authors in the social and human sciences are examined. The methodology used in the study is mainly based on critical literature sources. Overall, it appears that despite the attempts of some authors to challenge it, there is a direct and close link between orientalism, postcolonialism, and colonialism. Indeed, far from being a simple and innocent approach or discipline studying the relationship between the East and the West, orientalism served as a colonial ideology and prepare the ground to facilitate Europe's dominance over the rest of the world. Furthermore, the structure of international relations and the forms of relationship that certain European powers maintain with their former colonies reveal orientalist and neo-colonialist patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The article examines gift donations practiced during the 1923–1926 expedition to Mongolia and Tibet led by the outstanding Russian explorer of Central Asia Pyotr K. Kozlov. Goals. The paper seeks to analyze items approved by the Soviet Government for P. Kozlov to have selected from the State Depositary, reasons why the traveler did receive the precious artifacts of gold and silver, circumstances of donations, addressees, and the latter’s perceptions. Materials and methods. The work focuses on materials from the State Archive of the Russian Federation and P. Kozlov’s expedition diaries, the objectives set be articulated via individual gift donation stories (occasions) with Mongolian elites and the 13th Dalai Lama, corresponding motives and offering forms. Results. The paper shows the gift-giving practices were viewed by the traveler not only as some homage be paid to local cultures but rather as a means of communication with Mongolian officials and authorities for the latter’s assistance in solving problems faced by the Expedition. No other Russian explorer ever delivered such high-value items to have been used as gifts. Conclusions. This suggests the Bolshevik Government was hoping — with the help of Kozlov’s expedition — to facilitate positive images of Soviet Russia in Mongolia and Tibet (during a scheduled meeting with the Dalai Lama). The Appendix to the article includes several documents from the State Archive of Russia describing the selected gifts and their distribution by individuals.

Miocene igneous rocks of southern Kamchatka have remained poorly studied, so an expedition was organized in September-October, 2022, as part of a project for young scientist supported from the Russian Science Foundation. Main part of the expedition was carried out using maritime transport. The outcrops in the cliffs of the Beregovoi ridge on the Pacific coast side were studied. Part of the field works were close to Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Vilyuchinsk cities, in the valley of the Paratunka river, in the basement of Vilyuchinsky pass, on the Zavoiko peninsula with involvement of vehicles. The presented work describes the sampling points and shows photographs of the outcrops. Paleomagnetic and isotope-geochemical characteristics of the samples are supposed to be obtained, which will be used to create a model of formation of magmatic complexes of southern Kamchatka.

For many habitat specialists, data deficiencies are directly attributable to the rugged terrain they inhabit. Based on a recent survey effort for one such species, the threatened Yosemite toad (Anaxyrus canorus), we describe the prospects for acoustic monitoring of rare and declining species in remote areas. Passive acoustic monitoring can be a valuable way of increasing the scale at which vocally active populations are surveyed and the level of detail obtained, particularly in cases where direct observation of the species is impeded by cryptic behavior and inaccessible habitat. Challenges include limitations to hardware, teams' physical and mental constraints, and survey design. Teams must have substantial expertise about the species of interest, bioacoustics, and the terrain to be surveyed, and effective communication at all stages is essential. Particularly for globally endangered taxa like anurans, bioacoustics may be a powerful way to reduce widespread data deficiencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report presents a brief description of the expeditionary work performed by the staff of the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences as part of the research topic and the Russian Science Foundation project on the Kuril Islands in the summer of 2022. In order to study the chemical erosion of volcanic islands and to assess the hydrothermal removal of magmatic volatiles, in addition to the works carried out in 2020 and 2021, hydrological and hydrochemical studies were comducted on the rivers draining the slopes of the volcanic ridges of the Paramushir, Onekotan and Shiashkotan islands. For the first time, with the help of a quadrocopter, sampling of the endorheic Lake Koltsevoe, which occupies the caldera of the Tao-Rusyr volcano (Onekotan Island), was carried out. A detailed hydrochemical testing on the thermal fields of the active volcanoes Sinarka and Kuntomintar (Shiashkotan Island) was performed, a number of regime observations of the Upper Yuryevsk springs (Paramushir Island) were replenished. In order to construct orthophotomaps and determine the boundaries of thermal anomalies, aerial and infrared surveys were carried out at the main study sites in parallel with geochemical sampling. A large number of water and gas samples were taken for further analytical studies during the expedition and the collection of sediments was replenished.

The article analyzes the problem of the specifics of the quality of life and value orientations of residents of the border Kalevala district of the Republic of Karelia. The retrospective aspect of the study is due to the tragic history of the separation of one people (northern Karelians) in the territory of two neighboring states (Finland and Russia) due to political events and decisions of the past. The historically established isolation (geographical and mental) of Kalevalians is also relevant in modern life. Therefore, the main goal of the study was to determine the degree of influence of socio-cultural factors on the quality of life and axiological dominants of local residents. The analysis of the modern sociocultural situation on the territory of the Kalevala National District was carried out during the complex scientific expedition “Kalevala-2021” and during the cameral processing of the results of field work. In the study a comprehensive methodology of humanities was used, as well as authoritative axiological and psychological methods. As a result of the validation axiological study, specific value dominants of Kalevals were identified, different from the “general cultural profile” of Schwartz, which coincided with the results of a psychological study of “existential fulfillment” and the quality of life of respondents. In sum, the authors of the article identified sociocultural factors that determine the axiological preferences and quality of life of Kalevalians in a modern situation aggravated by pandemic conditions. The article is recommended to specialists in philosophy, cultural studies, sociology and history.

The first U.S. caving expedition to Armenia, the South Caucasus, by NSS cavers took place in August 2007. Subsequent expeditions took place in 2010, 2011, and 2013, with additional trips planned for the future. The goal is the exploration and photo-documentation of the caves of Armenia, and to increase awareness of its underground realms. Although, in the past, there had been a few known caving expeditions to Armenia, overall little information existed. In addition, Armenia’s local caving community is small in number. As a result, this topic was studied and the first official US caving expedition to Armenia was organized in 2007. During the first expedition, four of Armenia’s significant natural caves were explored in the province of Vayots Dzor: Mozrov Cave, Arjeri Cave (Cave of the Bears), Mageli Cave, and Karmir Cave (Red Cave). Man-made caves were also visited. Subsequent trips to Armenia in 2010, 2011, and 2013 included (1) further exploration of Mozrov, Arjeri, and Mageli caves, (2) a cave trip to the neighboring independent Armenian Republic of Nagorno-Karabagh to explore Azokh Cave, and (3) the exploration of several caves in the northeast Armenian provinces of Tavush and Lori. Natural caves consisting of limestone, conglomerate, and lava were explored during these expeditions. Also, a number of man-made caves were visited, some of which were used as churches in centuries past. This article summarizes the four expeditions and discusses both the natural and man-made caves of Armenia. I beleive the article will be interesting to builders, gas pipelines and road engineers. In practice, it can be used by travel agencies and individual tourists, as well as by all lovers of underground monuments of nature and culture.

Antarctica is one of the last great wilderness areas on Earth. Early Antarctic expeditions during the Heroic Age of Antarctic discovery (1895–1922) returned reports of frostbite, scurvy, snow blindness, and death. Today, over 50,000 people travel to the Antarctic each year via research expeditions, commercial cruise ships (tourism), and research cruises. This study reviewed the existing research reporting the health challenges encountered during modern day travel to Antarctica. The results identified a transition from the Heroic Age when death was common to a contemporary time when death is an uncommon event. The review identified musculoskeletal and soft tissue injuries resulting from moving equipment and supplies to be the most common health challenge encountered by long-term land expeditions. Digestive issues such as constipation and dyspepsia were also common in during the coldest months. For tourist oriented commercial cruise ships, motion sickness resulting from rough seas was most prominent. Specifically, the small nature of the cruise ships made them prone to rough seas in Drakes Passage. During scientific cruises where research is primarily conducted aboard the ship, dermatological conditions (viral, fungal, bacterial) such as dry skin, dry lips, eczema are the most common health challenge. Musculoskeletal and soft tissue injuries are also common given the physical challenge associated with strenuous research.

Modern trends and ways of resuming and increasing the production of domestic almond kernels based on the development of cultivars that have advantages in adaptability, productivity, and kernel quality, and are distinguished for a quick payback are discussed. The results of VIR’s expeditions that collected almond species and varieties in Southern Russia, the Transcaucasus, and Central Asia are presented. Almonds introduced from foreign research institutions are also described.Analytical selection helped to identify complex sources of resistance to abiotic factors: ‘Victoria’ (k-42684), ‘Meteor’ (k-42683), ‘Dessertny’ (k-43550), Ai-Dere No.4 (k-42676), Ai-Dere No.5 (k-42677), Kolod 6 (k-42709), Podvoyny 205 (k-42678), ‘Tuono’ (k-49598), and Ferraduel × Tuono (k-43561). Promising source material is recommended for targeted development of new competitive almond cultivars for intensive horticulture, including sources of restrained growth type, compact crown, and earliness: Ferraduel × Tuono, ‘Monterey’(k-49538), elite 1-18-2 (k-42679), elite 2-40 (k-42680), and Kalmykov’s almond seedling 1-1 (k-42711); of productivity and almond kernel quality: Ferraduel × Tuono, ‘Monterey’, ‘Victoria’, ‘Meteor’, ‘Mindalny’ (k-42682), ‘Ferragness’ (k-42696), ‘Tuono’, ‘Karmeil’ (k-49540), elite 1-18-2, and Kalmykov’s almond seedling 1-1; of high oil content in kernels: elite 13-37 (k-42681); and of valuable fatty acid composition (according to the content of unsaturated fatty acids): cv. ‘Victoria’, elites 1-18-2 and 2-40, and Kolod 5 (k-42708).

Ernest Shackleton, an accomplished Antarctic explorer, developed a life-threatening illness during the Discovery Antarctic expedition of 1901–4. His documented signs and symptoms included inflamed gums attributed to scurvy, severe dyspnea, and exercise intolerance, presenting in a setting of nutritional deficiency. Physical examinations at a later date, also following a prolonged diet of limited fresh food, revealed a pulmonary systolic murmur. Thiamine deficiency with cardiomyopathy, either alone or subsequently exacerbated by advanced scurvy, may have been a prominent cause of Shackleton's condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of extreme climatic conditions and isolation on levels of pre-selected immunological parameters in humans. This article describes changes in immunological parameters measured in members of the 9th Czech Antarctic Scientific Expedition during their field work in Antarctica in summer time. The total of 15 sera samples were collected in the morning shortly before the expedition, the second collection was proved in the middle and the third in the end of stay at the Czech Polar station (Mendel station). The statistically significant difference appeared in eight of 11 parameters, from which the value of C3, C4, IgA, and number of monocytes decreased; level of IgG and number of non segmented neutrophils increased. The difference was showed also in the middle of stay, when the level of IgM, number of neutrophils and lymphocytes in the first part of stay decreased, in the second increased. The way of life in the station, physical performance and extreme climatic condition, probably positively affected the results of some studied immunological parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The development of information and communication technology has had a major influence on the development of society, including the people of Jatihurip Village, which is located in North Sumedang District. Technological advances have made some people in Jatihurip Village start using the internet to find various kinds of information, even the community can also promote their Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) through social media which of course requires an internet network. However, various MSMEs, ranging from brick manufacturers to culinary businesses are still hampered by the digital divide condition in Jatihurip Village. Basically, MSME products have great potential to reach potential customers if they can be marketed through e-commerce or marketplaces such as Bukalapak, Shopee, and other e-commerce. The condition of the COVID-19 pandemic which has lasted for almost two years has provided an impetus for MSME actors to find a way out of this digital divide. The purpose of our service is to develop MSMEs in Fallurip Village with e-commerce delivery facilities, increase internet access for Jatihurip Village residents through the internet zone and increase the reach of prospective Jatihurip Village-Owned Enterprises through a special website for the Digital Corner. The service is carried out in a hybrid way, namely a combination of online and offline activities directly in the field. The results of this Digital Corner thematic community service activity are the establishment of a Digital Corner in Jatihurip Village with the support of facilities, namely WiFizone from the Indihome service provider for 4 months which has been provided free of charge, and this digital corner functions as a marketing tool for MSME businesses that have been accompanied by the Padjadjaran University Entrepreneurship Service team which was further assisted by the Digital Corner Team. In addition, the digital corner also functions as an intermediary for expeditions or goods delivery which is accessed through the Bukasend application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1912, a Swiss expedition led by meteorologist Alfred de Quervain crossed the Greenland ice sheet on a route from Disko Bay to Tasiilaq. Based on that, in 2002, a series of geodetic expeditions carried out by W. Korth and later by T. Hitziger began along the same traverse as in 1912, with the last measurements taken in May 2021. The statically collected GPS/GNSS data provide very accurate elevation changes at 36 points along the almost 700 km long crossing over a period of 19 years. According to this, there is a maximum increase of 2.1 m in the central area and a decrease of up to 38.7 m towards the coasts (influence Ilulissat Isbræ). By using kinematic GNSS measurements, there is a very dense profile with a spacing of a few meters. The comparison of those measurements is performed using crossing points or minimum distances and gives equivalent results for both methods. It is shown that local ice topography is preserved, and thus gaps in data sets can be caught. Areas of accumulation and ablation on the ice sheet can be identified, showing the widespread influence of outlet glaciers up to 200 km. The data can be used for direct verification of altimetry data, such as IceSat. Both IceSat elevations and their changes can be compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his memoir, A Negro Explorer at the North Pole (1912), Matthew Henson describes the toll of his and Peary’s race to the Pole. This record of the 1908-09 Arctic expedition complicates established understandings of the “Dash to the Pole” and his own role as Peary’s assistant. Donald B. Macmillan declared in How Peary Reached the Pole: The Personal Story of His Assistant (2008) that Peary could not have done it without Henson (275), whose text uncovers an accomplished writer and explorer at work. The complicated character of Robert E. Peary figures prominently in his pages, though in a less independent version than in other accounts. Henson details the highly skilled labor he performs in the Arctic, and his own personality and perceptions. He shares, to a degree, the value systems of his Commander and the white members of the expedition, including the emphasis on heroic masculinity. But he also inscribes his racial heritage into his memoir, and his close, if complex, relation to the Inughuit. The result of intricate balancing acts, Henson’s silences echo in his text, revealing what could not be articulated by an African American member of Peary’s legendary expeditions. Henson’s contemporaries paid little attention to his accomplishments, since white American and European explorers dominated the field of Arctic travel, but his contribution received more attention as the 20th Century progressed. His experience suggests the costs and the crises—personal, national, and international— of a contested icescape increasingly visible and accessible in the 21st Century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]