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Sacral extradural arteriovenous fistula (SEAVF) is relatively rare, and its etiology is unknown. They are mostly fed by the lateral sacral artery (LSA). For endovascular treatment, both the stability of the guiding catheter and accessibility of the microcatheter to the fistula, distal to the LSA are required for sufficient embolization of the fistulous point. Cannulation of these vessels requires either crossover at the aortic bifurcation or retrograde cannulation using the transfemoral approach. However, atherosclerotic femoral and tortuous aortoiliac vessels can make the procedure technically difficult. Although the right transradial approach (TRA) can reduce this difficulty by straightening the access route, a potential risk remains for cerebral embolism because it passes the aortic arch. Herein, we present a case of successful embolization of a SEAVF using a left distal TRA. We report a case of a 47-year-old man with SEAVF treated with embolization using a left distal TRA. Lumbar spinal angiography showed a SEAVF with an intradural vein through the epidural venous plexus fed by the left LSA. A 6-French guiding sheath was cannulated into the internal iliac artery via the descending aorta using the left distal TRA. A microcatheter could be advanced into the extradural venous plexus over the fistula point from the intermediate catheter placed at the LSA. Embolization with coils and n-butyl cyanoacrylate was successfully performed. The SEAVF completely disappeared on neuroimaging, and the patient gradually recovered. Left distal TRA could be a useful, safe, and less invasive option for the embolization of SEAVF, especially for patients with high-risk factors for aortogenic embolism or puncture site complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Spinal ventral epidural arteriovenous fistulas (EDAVFs) are rare and underdiagnosed entities and usually present with benign symptoms such as radiculopathy. To the best of our knowledge, EDAVFs presenting with massive vertebral body destruction have not been reported in the literature. Case Description: A young male presented with mid back pain for 1 year and weakness of both lower limbs for 3 months. He was clinicoradiologically diagnosed with spinal tuberculosis and started on antitubercular treatment elsewhere. Radiological investigations suggested destruction and collapse of T12 and L1 vertebrae. Prominent flow voids were seen in T9-L2 epidural space, likely prominent epidural vessels. The primary differential diagnoses were spinal tuberculosis and neoplastic etiologies. T9 to L3 surgical stabilization and anterior decompression by pediculectomy of left T12 and L was done. The surgeon encountered massive bleeding at the time of anterior decompression and a vascular etiology was suspected. Biopsy revealed negative results for infection or malignancy. DSA revealed ventral EDAVFs, and hence, transcatheter embolization was performed. He had excellent outcome on assessment at 21 months postoperative follow-up. Conclusion: Spinal epidural AVFs can rarely present with gross vertebral body destruction and paraparesis. Preoperative radiological assessment with suspicion of spinal epidural AVFs can help to avoid intraoperative difficulties and complications. Timely, management of spinal epidural AVFs can result in excellent outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spinal extradural arteriovenous fistulas (SEDAVF) with intradural drainage are uncommon vascular lesions that cause venous congestive myelopathy. We present three SEDAVF with intradural drainage treated with surgical disconnection of the intradural drainage via a single level laminectomy, followed by transarterial embolization (TAE) with Onyx if spontaneous thrombosis of the extradural fistula did not occur spontaneously. All patients improved their neurological condition and no congestive myelopathy recurrence was noted after mean follow-up of 84 months. We believe that SEDAVF with intradural drainage constitute a specific entity that should be included in the classifications of spinal arteriovenous malformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]