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This article posits that Enrique Vila-Matas's novel Bartleby y compañía. constitutes a rewriting of the moral message that emerges from "Exemplo xxxii" of El Conde Lucanor. The proposal establishes an intertextual dialogue that draws on elements of the history of traditional literary exemplarity, as the literary topos (in this case, Mundus vult decipi), and of contemporary literary exemplarity, as reception theory. Likewise, this dialogue is strengthened by the coincidences that both literary texts share with a long-standing narrative scheme (the mystifying scheme), and the principle of social conformity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La sentencia muestra una doble reclamación filial de los hijos engendrados por reproducción asistida tras la separación de una pareja no matrimonial. Vemos como el Tribunal Supremo consolida el desarrollo jurisprudencial elaborado en anteriores sentencias sobre nuevos conceptos originados de las distintas realidades socioculturales sobre el interés superior del menor, la posesión por estado o el consentimiento por parte del progenitor no gestante en las técnicas de reproducción asistida. Además, el Tribunal hace una valoración sobre el derecho de los hijos en sus relaciones con sus hermanos y en la capacidad para exigir un desarrollo fraternal en conexión, independiente de la filiación con los progenitores.

This note argues that the appearance of Virtus at the outset of Menoeceus' sacrifice in Statius' Thebaid (10.610–80) is modelled on Virgil's Fama (Aen. 4.173–97). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, a fluid antenna system (FAS) has gained attention as a potential contender for 6G wireless networks. Fluid antenna multiple access (FAMA) is a new technology that allows each user to constantly move to the position with the strongest signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) by means of a single RF-chain port fluid antenna. Research works in FAMA mainly focus on propose models and solutions linked to the enhancement of FAMA from several aspects, including FAS system, enhancing orthogonal and non-orthogonal multiple access, channel modeling, diversity gain, artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, FAMA with other emerging technologies for 6G such as intelligent reflecting surface (IRS), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), terahertz (THz) communication, etc. There is no survey which covers all these important aspects of FAMA. Based on several concerns, a comprehensive taxonomy of FAMA has been presented in this study. First, FAS system is discussed. Then, FAMA mechanism is presented with its channel modeling and diversity gain. After that, FAMA is investigated with other emerging technologies such as IRS, MIMO, THz communication, etc. AI approaches to enhance FAMA are provided. In the end, we cover the potential research directions for further study in all areas. When designing and enhancing the FAS system, facilitating communication via FAMA, and integrating it with other cutting-edge technologies for 6G, this article may serve as a reference or guidance.

This article presents an analysis of the heraldry of the Samogitian castellan Michał Jan Gorski (1717–1776), based on the 36 seals he used, three types of armorial stove tiles and two marks of patronage (at the Dominican Church of the Holy Spirit in Vilnius and the Telšiai Cathedral). These sources highlighted the development of his heraldry, while the application of semiotics and the social history approach helped reveal the motives for why the castellan used his much-admired marital coat of arms for so long. The heraldry used by Gorski may be divided into two stages. In the first (up to 1753), upon marrying Teresa Nagórska, he concentrated mostly on the manifestation of his parents’ heraldry (the type I seal). In the second stage (1753–1776), which began with his marriage to Marianna Regina Wojna and ended with the castellan’s own passing, his seals (types II to V), stove tiles and marks of patronage all featured his marital coat of arms in the centre of the two-field shield, with Gorski’s Nałęcz on the heraldic right, and the three horns of Wojna’s Trąby on the heraldic left. In addition, during the second stage the Samogitian castellan’s heraldry gradually grew more complex, where alongside the repeating decorative details (the crown on the helmet, the ducal mantle, etc.), new aspects emerged: a) an eagle’s head was used in the left corner of the shield on the type II seal, which signified rule over the county of Kėdainiai and reflected the growth of Gorski’s economic potential; b) the male heraldic ornament above the shield on the type III seal – a typical marital coat of arms element was used; c) symbols conveying the castellan’s rising status were used on the type IV and V seals: the ribbons and crosses from the Russian Order of Saint Anna (1764) and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth’s Order of Saint Stanislaus (1772), and abbreviations of the offices he held. The functionality of the Samogitian castellan’s marital coat of arms (with the Wojna family’s Three Horns) even after the death of his second wife and his entering into a new marriage demonstrates its importance to Gorski, which depended on several factors. First, M. R. Wojna came from a family that his its own fama – its members in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania held high secular and religious offices in the 16th–17th centuries. Second, this family had a well known memoria (burial) place in the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania – the Wojna Chapel in the Vilnius Cathedral. Third, certain factors (nine children, his request to be buried next to this wife, a longer period of mourning, perhaps, after her passing, three surviving portraits of this woman, etc.) testify that this couple shared a warm, close relationship. Fourth, Gorski’s second wife was the last representative of the Wojna family in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Thus, by marrying her, the Samogitian castellan not only took over the entire landholdings of this family, which significantly increased his economic potential, but also part of this family’s respectability, or fama, which he earnestly reminded other castellans of by specifically using his marital coat of arms. The latter instance shows how successful marital policy could be cleverly conveyed in the heraldry of the nobility. The Wojna family’s coat of arms in the marital heraldry of the Samogitian castellan was his social capital, becoming a part of his identity and paving the way for Gorski’s growth in status. We can see this not only from his ascent through various offices in the Duchy of Samogitia, but also from unofficial titulature, where Gorski was initially identified as the “lord of Kražiai and Salantai” before eventually being titled as count (from 1767). Thus, it is no accident that thanks to M. J. Wojna, the Gorski family featured among the top-twelve largest Lithuanian landowners according to their economic capability in the second half of the 18th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes a new acrostic (SAPI) and telestic (SOIS) at Laus Pisonis 227–30. Their position opposite one another is an indication that they are to be read as a single sentence and an admonition to both dedicatee and reader that poet and patron need each other to gain eternal fame. The telestic allows us to reconstruct the poet's usus scribendi of the reflexive possessive pronoun suus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his second appearance to Aeneas in Aeneid 4 Mercury drives the hero to flee Carthage with a false allegation that Dido is planning an attack, capping his warning with an infamous sententia about the mutability of female emotion. Building on a previous suggestion that Mercury's first speech to Aeneas is modelled on Athena's admonishment of Telemachus at the opening of Odyssey 15, this article proposes that Mercury's second speech as well is modelled on Athena's warning, in which the goddess uses misdirection about Penelope's intentions and a misogynistic gnōmē about the changeability of women's affections to spur Telemachus' departure from Sparta. After setting out how Virgil divides his imitation of Athena's speech verbally and thematically between Mercury's two speeches, the discussion turns to why both Athena and Mercury adopt these deceptive tactics. The speeches are shown to be culminations of the poets' similar approaches to creating doubt and foreboding around the queens' famed capacities for using δόλος. Common features in the ensuing hasty departures of Telemachus and Aeneas further confirm Virgil's use of Odyssey 15 in devising Aeneas' escape from Carthage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infection with the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes chickenpox and shingles, which lead to significant morbidity and mortality globally. The detection of serum VZV-specific antibodies is important for the clinical diagnosis and sero-epidemiological research of VZV infection, and for assessing the effect of VZV vaccine immunization. Over recent decades, a variety of methods for VZV antibody detection have been developed. This review summarizes and compares the current methods for detecting VZV antibodies, and discussed future directions for this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

he Cranberries have been considered to be one of the major rock bands from Ireland. From 1993 until 2019, they released eight studio albums, and hit the world charts with songs such as “Linger” and “Zombie”, before disbanding following singer Dolores O’Riordan’s death. After two very successful and critically acclaimed records, The Cranberries’ third release To The Faithful Departed (1996) became the target of harsh criticism, as the press considered it to be lyrically shallow. As a result, The Cranberries’ third album has been traditionally analysed in that way. This paper aims at providing a new, comprehensive analysis of The Cranberries’ To The Faithful Departed by bringing the band’s then recently achieved stardom into focus, as such an experience had a significant impact on the four members’ emotional state, and hence in the songwriting. Thus, it is hoped that the present article will provide a greater understanding of how the lyrics of The Cranberries’ 1996 album reflect the struggles of a band achieving celebrity status in the music industry. This essay can be viewed as innovative for two reasons: firstly, there has been a lack of academic research on The Cranberries, and secondly, it offers a new reading of their third record To The Faithful Departed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que investigou a produção de memórias e esquecimentos relacionada ao extinto "Abrigo Municipal de Alienados Oscar Schneider", instituição que funcionou em Joinville/SC entre 1923 e 1942 e teve seu prédio demolido cerca de 50 anos depois da sua construção. A inauguração da instituição marcou o início do projeto de "modernização-urbanização" de Joinville, pautado em normas higiênicas centradas nas novas prerrogativas da ciência moderna. Para a realização da pesquisa, rastreamos documentos que contam a história do Abrigo de Alienados: encontramos fotografias, um cartão-postal, trechos de documentos oficiais e notícias de jornal. Com esses documentos, problematizamos o campo de produção da fama e da infâmia em relação a determinados personagens que compuseram a cena dos acontecimentos dessa instituição. O olhar para os registros do Abrigo de Alienados procurou tensionar as diversas vozes que ali se encontram para seguir os rastros insignificantes de uma história, os quais correspondem a certos fatos e sujeitos que não foram considerados dignos de serem memorados: as vidas que sofreram a experiência do confinamento no Abrigo.

Ascent to Glory del historiador y sociólogo Álvaro Santana Acuña ha sido aplaudido por la crítica y los lectores como un libro imprescindible para entender la creación y consagración global de la novela en español más influyente del último siglo, Cien años de soledad de Gabriel García Márquez. Ascent to Glory también ha sido elogiado por ofrecer ideas nuevas y enfoques innovadores sobre temas como la creación colectiva de las obras de arte, el mito del artista solitario y genial, el aprendizaje de técnicas creativas y el humor oculto en los clásicos. Santana Acuña conversa de estos y otros temas con Kristine Vanden Berghe, profesora del departamento de literaturas y lenguas románicas de la Universidad de Lieja y autora de varios artículos sobre la obra de García Márquez y el Boom latinoamericano.

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Nuestro objetivo en las siguientes páginas es el de acercarnos a las dudas surgidas sobre los orígenes de Alonso Benito de Medina, miembro del cabildo catedral de Sevilla e inquisidor en la misma ciudad, junto a las diócesis de Cádiz y Ceuta. De esta forma, analizamos aquí la rigurosidad con la que se efectuaban las pruebas de limpieza de sangre para ingresar en el cuerpo capitular hispalense. Asimismo, veremos la importancia de los rumores y habladurías sobre un sujeto, ciertos o no, además de prejuicios hacia su familia materna por tener orígenes portugueses y cómo afectaba ese comportamiento a la fama familiar del individuo.

Fluid antenna system represents an emerging technology that enables an antenna to switch its physical location in a predefined space. This paper explores the potential of using a single fluid antenna at each mobile user for multiple access, which we refer to it as fluid antenna multiple access (FAMA). FAMA exploits spatial moments of deep fade suffered by the interference to achieve a favourable channel condition for the desired signal, without requiring sophisticated signal processing. We analyze the FAMA network by first deriving the outage probability of the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) in a double integral form. We then obtain an outage probability upper bound in closed form and an average outage rate lower bound for the FAMA system, with an arbitrary number of interferers, from which the multiplexing gain of FAMA is characterized. We also estimate how large the number of locations is required to achieve a given multiplexing gain using fluid antennas with a given size. Results show that it is possible for FAMA to support hundreds of users using only one fluid antenna of a few wavelengths of space at each user, giving rise to significant gain in the average network outage rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gaspar Gómez de Toledo, with his Tercera parte de la tragicomedia de Celestina, intends not only to continue the previous work, the Segunda Comedia de Celestina, by Feliciano de Silva, and thus enter the celestinesque cycle that began with the publication of Celestina, but also to become the author with whom the cycle is definitively closed. Consequently he concludes unfinished episodes in Silva’s work to definitively end with the old pimp Celestina resurrected by Silva. This intention to close a cycle is motivated by the desire for fame, in order to pass into posterity as the author who culminated the adventures of Fernando de Rojas’ procurer and, therefore, to enjoy the success that the public granted to the two works that preceded him.

Infection with the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes chickenpox and shingles, which lead to significant morbidity and mortality globally. The detection of serum VZV-specific antibodies is important for the clinical diagnosis and sero-epidemiological research of VZV infection, and for assessing the effect of VZV vaccine immunization. Over recent decades, a variety of methods for VZV antibody detection have been developed. This review summarizes and compares the current methods for detecting VZV antibodies, and discussed future directions for this field.

Idioblasts are defined by abnormal shapes, sizes, and contents that are different from neighboring cells. Myrosin cells are Brassicales-specific idioblasts and accumulate a large amount of thioglucoside glucohydrolases (TGGs, also known as myrosinases) in their vacuoles. Myrosinases convert their substrates, glucosinolates, into toxic compounds when herbivories and pests attack plants. In this review, we highlight the similarities and differences between myrosin cells and vascular cells/guard cells (GCs) because myrosin cells are distributed along vascular cells, especially the phloem parenchyma, and myrosin cells share the master transcription factor FAMA with GCs for their cell differentiation. In addition, we analyzed the overlap of cell type-specific genes between myrosin cells and GCs by using published single-cell transcriptomics (scRNA-seq) data, suggesting significant similarities in the gene expression patterns of these two specialized cells.

Idioblasts are defined by abnormal shapes, sizes, and contents that are different from neighboring cells. Myrosin cells are Brassicales-specific idioblasts and accumulate a large amount of thioglucoside glucohydrolases (TGGs, also known as myrosinases) in their vacuoles. Myrosinases convert their substrates, glucosinolates, into toxic compounds when herbivories and pests attack plants. In this review, we highlight the similarities and differences between myrosin cells and vascular cells/guard cells (GCs) because myrosin cells are distributed along vascular cells, especially the phloem parenchyma, and myrosin cells share the master transcription factor FAMA with GCs for their cell differentiation. In addition, we analyzed the overlap of cell type-specific genes between myrosin cells and GCs by using published single-cell transcriptomics (scRNA-seq) data, suggesting significant similarities in the gene expression patterns of these two specialized cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the years 1320-1321 a canonical trial took place between the Polish king La-dislaus 'Elbow-high' and the representatives of the Teutonic Order authorities over the possession of Pomeranian lands, seized by the Teutonic Knights in the years 1308-1309. The research that has been carried out on the legal documents from the trial so far has inadequately accounted for their legal layer. The purpose of this article is to partially fill these gaps by addressing the issue of how legal concepts functioned in the context of witness testimony. When comparing the proceedings of 1320-1321 with the trial between Poland and the Teutonic Order of 1339, which was similar in many aspects, attention was drawn to the difference in the understanding of the concept of fama in both cases. Next, the paper discusses the issue of the testifiers elaborating on the answers to the question of the existence of notorium and publica vox et fama regarding the events presented in intenciones. The analysis of selected legal and juridical texts, which functioned at that time both in the educational process and in the court practice, and then comparing them with some testimonies, showed that at least some witness statements were adapted to the concepts and phrases typical of the legal language of the era. This influences the need to revise the older historiography, as it has hitherto been emphasized that the language of testimony reflects the individual style of the original statement. The article concludes that the studies of the minutes from the testimony, in addition to taking the usual critical steps, should include an analysis of the language with regard to the presence of concepts and phrases characteristic of legal language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ploutarkhos is the property of International Plutarch Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The literature on financial market design is predicated on the efficient market hypothesis (EMH), advocating transparency, liquidity and universal information with a view to capturing efficient prices. We provide a counterfactual: the 1995 formation of AIM, the London Stock Exchange's junior market. AIM employs an alternative mode of market organization based on market imperfections. Our empirical study shows how AIM draws on reputation, social relationships and practitioner knowledge to organize market governance. We argue that the market's design should be understood as capable of producing informationally efficient prices. We characterize AIM as having a 'Whitean' structure, compared with the 'Fama' structure of main markets. We conclude that the 'Whitean' producer market is a viable design option for financial markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudos e Pesquisas em Psicologia is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Stomata arose about 400 million years ago when plants left their aquatic environment. The last step of stomatal development is shared by all plant groups, and it implies a symmetrical cell division from the guard mother cell (GMC) to produce two guard cells (GCs) flanking a pore. In Arabidopsis, the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor MUTE controls this step, upregulating cell-cycle regulators of the GMC division, and immediately afterward, repressors of theses regulators like FAMA and FOUR LIPS. Recently, three grass MUTE orthologs (BdMUTE from Brachypodium distachyon, OsMUTE from rice, and ZmMUTE from maize) have been identified and characterized. Mutations in these genes disrupt GMC fate, with bdmute also blocking GC morphogenesis. However, because these genes also regulate subsidiary cell recruitment, which takes place before GMC division, their functions regulating GMC division and GC morphogenesis could be an indirect consequence of that inducing the recruitment of subsidiary cells. Comprehensive data evaluation indicates that BdMUTE, and probably grass MUTE orthologs, directly controls GMC fate. Although grass MUTE proteins, whose genes are expressed in the GMC, move between cells, they regulate GMC fate from the cells where they are transcribed. Grass MUTE genes also regulate GC morphogenesis. Specifically, OsMUTE controls GC shape by inducing OsFAMA expression. In addition, while SCs are not required for GMC fate progression, they are for GC maturation.

A lo largo de su vida Luis Cernuda dejó algunos testimonios de haber realizado una revisión de sus ideas religiosas. Un estudio de su poesía del exilio y de sus lecturas en Glasgow y Cambridge—la Biblia, Dostoievski, Renan etc.—permite entrever el abandono de su paganismo juvenil y el planteamiento de un teísmo cristiano heterodoxo, que finalmente tienen un desenlace reflexivo: la secularización de ese discurso, desde la lógica de la Fama. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stomata arose about 400 million years ago when plants left their aquatic environment. The last step of stomatal development is shared by all plant groups, and it implies a symmetrical cell division from the guard mother cell (GMC) to produce two guard cells (GCs) flanking a pore. In Arabidopsis, the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor MUTE controls this step, upregulating cell-cycle regulators of the GMC division, and immediately afterward, repressors of theses regulators like FAMA and FOUR LIPS. Recently, three grass MUTE orthologs (BdMUTE from Brachypodium distachyon , OsMUTE from rice, and ZmMUTE from maize) have been identified and characterized. Mutations in these genes disrupt GMC fate, with bdmute also blocking GC morphogenesis. However, because these genes also regulate subsidiary cell recruitment, which takes place before GMC division, their functions regulating GMC division and GC morphogenesis could be an indirect consequence of that inducing the recruitment of subsidiary cells. Comprehensive data evaluation indicates that BdMUTE , and probably grass MUTE orthologs, directly controls GMC fate. Although grass MUTE proteins, whose genes are expressed in the GMC, move between cells, they regulate GMC fate from the cells where they are transcribed. Grass MUTE genes also regulate GC morphogenesis. Specifically, OsMUTE controls GC shape by inducing OsFAMA expression. In addition, while SCs are not required for GMC fate progression, they are for GC maturation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mise en roman of Greco-Latin classical texts --carried out as part of the political and cultural plan of the Plantagenets (12th-13th Centuries)-- has been studied by critics in its different aspects of content and form, among which stands out the medievalization of the classical tradition. The particularities of this involve a series of narrative mechanisms and strategies that sought to bring the stories of Homer, Virgil and Statius to the audience of medieval courts. This is noticeable with the medievalization of the goddes Fame, who is materialized in the social phenomenon of rumor. So I observe it in the Roman de Thèbes, whose anonymous author uses rumor as a leitmotiv that, in addition to allowing logical changes in the plot, offers an imporant lesson to its audience, especially to those holding the power: the principle is not allow that the rumor may transgress the order destabilizing the political hierarchy. In order to demostrate the latter I offer three model examples of the text where I underline the narratological significance of the rumor like leitmotiv and its socio-political implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En este estudio se pretende explorar la ligación entre la memoria, los hechos caballerescos y la imitación en el Memorial das Proezas da Segunda Távola Redonda. A lo largo del texto, se enfatiza varias veces esta articulación, atestiguando en qué medida la memoria escrita (sea verídica o ficticia) es imprescindible para acreditar los hechos prodigiosos de los mejores caballeros, transmitir sus valores y persuadir a los receptores de los textos a imitar tales hechos. El objetivo es presentar cómo esta estructura retórica es tematizada de forma general en este texto, recurriendo a las más recientes teorías de la memoria, al mismo tiempo que se procurará averiguar la importancia de las representaciones de la memoria y del plan de instrucción presente en la obra.

This article investigates the spread of inquisition as an influential administrative technique across thirteenth-century Europe in religious, civil, and governmental fields. It shows how by looking at the single life of Gui Foucois (d. 1268), who inquired for the church and state, first as a French lawyer and administrator and eventually as Pope Clement IV. The details varied, but the constituent elements of an inquisition were very similar: questionnaires, local interrogation, recording and archival collection, abbreviation, and review. These elements of knowledge production served an impressive range of goals: to prove sanctity, to prove heresy, to prove ownership, and to repair wrongs done by those in power. I argue that the rationality of these inquisitions was not something determined unilaterally, but with a view to securing the consent of the publics who ultimately produced the inquisitorial knowledge and often consumed it. Inquisitions were so successful precisely because their dynamics could be both assertive and responsive, coercive and permissive, with legibility operating back and forth between “publics” and powers. By reconstructing the knowledge produced by these due processes, this article shows how the bureaucratic-juridical treatment of public knowledge rendered it reliable through a critical, expert process of inspection and analysis.

El concepto de celebridad ha evolucionado con el paso del tiempo incluyendo nuevas versiones de famosos que se han creado con cada nuevo avance tecnológico. Hoy día, en un mundo cada vez más digital, estamos viendo un número creciente de ídolos nuevos que deben su fama a las redes sociales y que son conocidos como ‘influencers’. Hay muchos términos para referirse a los nuevos famosos que surgen en redes sociales e incluso a menudo se utilizan algunas palabras de forma indistinta (micro-celebridad, ‘instafamosos’ o ‘influencer’). Existe una amplia falta de consenso, tanto en el entorno académico como en el sector profesional acerca de cuál debe ser la terminología a utilizar, las características que definen a una celebridad en redes sociales o incluso quien debe ser considerado un ‘influencer’ o famoso de las redes sociales. Este estudio lleva a cabo una revisión de la literatura de los trabajos más destacados sobre la fama que ayudará a entender mejor que hay detrás de la creación de famosos, como se consigue atraer la atención y mantenerla, así como las prácticas que permiten a los creadores de contenidos en redes sociales obtener una rentabilidad económica. Se incluye una clasificación jerárquica de los distintos tipos de ‘influencers’ en redes sociales con definiciones actualizadas y sus principales características para entender mejor la creciente diversidad de creadores de contenido digital. Este trabajo también analiza los motivos que hacen que los ‘influencers’ de éxito destaquen sobre el resto de las personas comunes que buscan la fama en las redes sociales, a través de la recopilación de diversos estudios académicos sobre esta materia.

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Antibody tests for detecting varicella-zoster virus include the fluorescent-antibody-to-membrane-antigen (FAMA) assay, immune adherence hemagglutination assay (IAHA), enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and the glycoprotein-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (gpELISA). Although FAMA and gpELISA are highly sensitive, FAMA is not available commercially. Therefore, this study was performed to compare potential high-sensitivity tests with commercially available tests. Four antibody tests, FAMA, gpELISA, EIA, and IAHA, were performed using sera collected from 32 children aged 7 months–10 years. Using FAMA as a reference, the sensitivity and specificity of gpELISA, EIA, and IAHA were assessed. Subsequently, using gpELISA as a reference, the positive agreement rate of EIA and IAHA was assessed. On a reference scale with FAMA set at 100%, the sensitivity and specificity of the antibody tests were as follows: gpELISA, 67% and 100%; EIA, 67% and 100%; and IAHA, 47% and 100%, respectively. The positive agreement rates of EIA and IAHA relative to gpELISA were 86% and 64%, respectively. Conclusions: gpELISA had a lower positive rate than did FAMA, and showed comparable sensitivity to that of EIA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gossip, slander and aspersions were always circulating around the medical professionals. In everyday practice, the doctor encountered many situations that were conducive to generating gossip. The doctors' education, the methods they used to treat the patients, their salary, service to the patient, appearance, clothing and behavior were the elements by which they became victims of not very pleasant gossip. The text draws attention to the reasons for gossiping about doctors and medical care, and introduces various aspects of doctors' lives and activities, which were the basis for spreading gossip. The article also indicates the shortcomings of the healthcare system, which also had an impact on the emergence of gossip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background In 2004, universal childhood varicella vaccination was introduced in Germany. We aimed to determine the age-specific prevalence of anti-varicella zoster virus (VZV) IgG-antibodies among children in the pre-varicella vaccine era in Germany, to identify factors associated with VZV seropositivity, and to assess the suitability of a commercially available ELISA for VZV seroepidemiological studies by comparing it with an in-house fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen test (FAMA) as the gold standard. Methods Serum samples of 13,433 children and adolescents aged 1–17 years included in the population-based German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS; conducted 2003–2006) were tested for anti-VZV IgG by ELISA. All samples with equivocal ELISA results and a random selection of ELISA-negative and -positive samples were tested by FAMA. Statistical analyses were conducted using a weighting factor adjusting the study population to the total population in Germany. Seroprevalences were calculated as percentages (%) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Odds ratios (OR) were computed by multivariate logistic regression to determine the association between socio-demographic factors and VZV seropositivity. Results The VZV seropositivity rate was 80.3% (95% CI: 79.3–81.3) in varicella-unvaccinated children and adolescents. VZV seropositivity rates differed significantly between age groups up to age 6 years, but not by gender. Of 118 retested serum samples with an equivocal ELISA result, 45.8% were FAMA-positive. The proportion of samples tested as false-negative in by ELISA varied by age group: 2.6% in children aged 1–6 and 9% in children aged 7–17 years. Multivariate analyses showed that age, having older siblings, and early daycare start were associated with seropositivity in preschoolers; migration background reduced the chance of VZV seropositivity in schoolchildren (OR: 0.65; 0.43–0.99) and adolescents (OR: 0.62; 0.4–0.97). Conclusion In the pre-varicella vaccine era, most children in Germany contracted varicella by age six. Schoolchildren with a migration background and children without siblings have an increased risk of being VZV seronegative and should be targeted for catch-up vaccination, if they have no history of chickenpox. ELISAs are suitable for use in population-level serosurveys on VZV, but samples with equivocal ELISA results should be retested by FAMA.

Defining specific protein interactions and spatially or temporally restricted local proteomes improves our understanding of all cellular processes, but obtaining such data is challenging, especially for rare proteins, cell types, or events. Proximity labeling enables discovery of protein neighborhoods defining functional complexes and/or organellar protein compositions. Recent technological improvements, namely two highly active biotin ligase variants (TurboID and miniTurbo), allowed us to address two challenging questions in plants: (1) what are in vivo partners of a low abundant key developmental transcription factor and (2) what is the nuclear proteome of a rare cell type? Proteins identified with FAMA-TurboID include known interactors of this stomatal transcription factor and novel proteins that could facilitate its activator and repressor functions. Directing TurboID to stomatal nuclei enabled purification of cell type- and subcellular compartment-specific proteins. Broad tests of TurboID and miniTurbo in Arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana and versatile vectors enable customization by plant researchers.

Neste artigo, analisamos os modos como a mídia noticiou a passagem de Brigitte Bardot pelo Rio de Janeiro, entre janeiro e abril de 1964, buscando compreender as relações entre o fenômeno da fama e a cultura. A visita da estrela francesa contribuiu para o desenvolvimento do turismo em Búzios. Investigamos os modos como a atriz se posicionou como celebridade, negociando sua presença na mídia carioca. Examinamos também os discursos que envolveram a caracterização de Brigitte Bardot como símbolo sexual feminino. As conclusões indicam três dualidades marcantes da vinda da atriz ao Brasil: o amor e o ódio com relação à mídia; a fama e o anonimato; as celebridades e a promoção do consumo.

The prevalence of varicella is especially high among children in the age group of 4–6 years in South Korea, regardless of vaccination. We investigated the immune status of healthy children enrolled in day-care centers and compared pre- and post-vaccination immunity. Antibody titers were measured using a glycoprotein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (gpEIA) kit, and the seroconversion rate was assessed using a fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen (FAMA) test. Among 541 vaccinated children, 109 (20.1%) had breakthrough varicella. However, 13 (72.2%) of the 18 unvaccinated children had a history of varicella. The gpEIA geometric mean titers (GMTs) of pre- and 5 weeks post-vaccination in 1-year-old children were 14.7 and 72 mIU/mL, respectively, and the FAMA seroconversion rate was 91.1%. The gpEIA GMTs of 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-year-old children were 104.1, 133.8, 223.5, 364.1, and 353.0 mIU/mL, respectively. Even though the gpEIA GMT increased with age, the pattern of gpEIA titer distribution in 4- to 6-year-old vaccinees without varicella history represented both waning immunity and natural boosting immunity. These results suggest that some vaccinees are vulnerable to varicella infection. Therefore, it is necessary to consider a two-dose varicella vaccine regimen in South Korea.

Stomatal abundance determines the maximum potential for gas exchange between the plant and the atmosphere. In Arabidopsis , it is set during organ development through complex genetic networks linking epidermal differentiation programs with environmental response circuits. Three related bHLH transcription factors, SPCH, MUTE, and FAMA, act as positive drivers of stomata differentiation. Mutant alleles of some of these genes sustain different stomatal numbers in the mature organs and have potential to modify plant performance under different environmental conditions. However, knowledge about stomatal genes in dicotyledoneous crops is scarce. In this work, we identified the Solanum lycopersicum putative orthologs of these three master regulators and assessed their functional orthology by their ability to complement Arabidopsis loss-of-function mutants, the epidermal phenotypes elicited by their conditional overexpression, and the expression patterns of their promoter regions in Arabidopsis. Our results indicate that the tomato proteins are functionally equivalent to their Arabidopsis counterparts and that the tomato putative promoter regions display temporal and spatial expression domains similar to those reported for the Arabidopsis genes. In vivo tracking of tomato stomatal lineages in developing cotyledons revealed cell division and differentiation histories similar to those of Arabidopsis. Interestingly, the S. lycopersicum genome harbors a FAMA-like gene, expressed in leaves but functionally distinct from the true FAMA orthologue. Thus, the basic program for stomatal development in S. lycopersicum uses key conserved genetic determinants. This opens the possibility of modifying stomatal abundance in tomato through previously tested Arabidopsis alleles conferring altered stomata abundance phenotypes that correlate with physiological traits related to water status, leaf cooling, or photosynthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Live attenuated zoster vaccine (Zostavax) was used to test the hypothesis that constitutive level of interleukin 10 (IL-10), which may be high in elderly subjects, impairs vaccine efficacy. If constitutive IL-10 impairs vaccine efficacy, the effectiveness of viral vaccines might be improved by transient inhibition of IL-10 before vaccination.Methods: Zostavax was given to 26 patients (age, 60-80 years). IL-10 and immunity to varicella zoster virus (VZV) were measured at baseline and after vaccination. Fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen (FAMA) assays and glycoprotein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (gpELISAs) were used to assess humoral immunity; anti-varicella virus T-cell responses were studied in a subset of subjects. In a prospective animal model, T-cell responses to chimeric vaccines against lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) were assessed in mice that express or lack IL-10.Results: FAMA assays revealed significant boosting (by 4-fold) of humoral immunity, which occurred only in subjects (10 of 26) with a low constitutive IL-10 level (ie, <20 pg/mL); moreover, the Zostavax-induced FAMA and gpELISA responses were inversely related to the constitutive IL-10 level. Significant VZV-specific T-cell responses followed vaccination only in subjects with a low constitutive IL-10 level. Vaccine-induced LCMV-specific T-cell responses in mice lacking IL-10 were greater than in wild-type animals.Conclusions: A high constitutive IL-10 level adversely affects vaccine efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stomatal density, spacing, and patterning greatly influence the efficiency of gas exchange, photosynthesis, and water economy. They are regulated by a complex of extracellular and intracellular factors through the signaling pathways. After binding the extracellular epidermal patterning factor 1 (EPF1) and 2 (EPF2) as ligands, the receptor-ligand complexes activate by phosphorylation through the MAP-kinase cascades, regulating basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors SPEECHLESS (SPCH), MUTE, and FAMA. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms and signal transduction pathways running within the transition of the protodermal cell into a pair of guard cells with a space (aperture) between them, called a stoma, comprising asymmetric and symmetric cell divisions and draw several functional models. The feedback mechanisms involving the bHLH factors SPCH and MUTE are not fully recognized yet. We show the feedback mechanisms driven by SPCH and MUTE in the regulation of EPF2 and the ERECTA family. Intersections of the molecular mechanisms for fate determination of stomatal lineage cells with the role of core cell cycle-related genes and stabilization of SPCH and MUTE are also reported.

Study of the inquisitorial canonical process and of the delictum notorium facti or notoriety of fact of the fault in some decretals of Pope Inocent III, and its influence over the later canonical doctrine.