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Celebrity endorsement is a common advertising strategy, yet, as well-known scandals show, it is not without risk. Studies at the marketing–finance interface investigate how negative publicity surrounding a celebrity endorser affects firm value, though without determining how such events might spill over to the sponsor firms' competitors and their stock prices. To address this research gap, the authors assess the impact of celebrity endorser scandals on competitor stock returns with an event study approach. The unique sample of 121 celebrity scandals over a 35-year period reveals a contagion effect, such that competitor firms experience negative stock returns on average, though not to the same extent. According to univariate and regression analyses, the more negative the event affects the sponsor company and the more homogeneous the industry, the stronger the negative spillover effect from a scandal. These findings show that a contagion effect is a likely scenario and offer recommendations for managers regarding how they should adapt their risk management processes and communicate with their boards and shareholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-profit organisations are increasingly collaborating with celebrities to increase charitable donations. Consequently, choosing the right endorser to promote charitable giving is central to the communication strategy. The present research investigates how the attractiveness and credibility of celebrities, as well as cause-endorser matchup and meaning transfer, influence people's donations. This research provides evidence of serial and parallel mediation effects by measuring and manipulating the four constructs in four separate studies. We demonstrate that credibility mediates the effect of attractiveness on generosity. Additionally, we highlight two legitimation pathways to explain how attractive endorsers become perceived as more credible cause promoters. This study provides a comprehensive model that illustrates, through an affective-cognitive-conative sequence, how attractiveness, congruence and meaning, and then credibility leads to charitable donations. Accordingly, we provide non-profit organisations with concrete and actionable recommendations for selecting celebrity endorsers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis study examined whether intense personal feelings toward celebrities are positively correlated with women’s consideration of cosmetic surgery, and whether body dissatisfaction and body shame serve as possible mediators of this relationship. A sample of 605 Chinese female undergraduates completed questionnaires on celebrity worship, consideration of cosmetic surgery, body dissatisfaction, and body shame. The results revealed a significant positive correlation between intense personal feelings toward celebrities and the consideration of cosmetic surgery. Moreover, this association was mediated both independently by body shame and sequentially by body dissatisfaction and body shame. These findings provide new insights into the relationship between celebrity worship and the consideration of cosmetic surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Media optimization studies for the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica NCIM 3589 grown on waste cooking oil (WCO) were undertaken to increase its lipid content for biodiesel production. Physico-chemical properties of varied WCO batches and their effect on lipid accumulation by the yeast were studied and found to lie between 25 and 35% of biomass. Different methods for lipid extraction from the yeast were evaluated for maximal yields and a modified acid hydrolysis method with 42% yield was employed. Lipid accumulation media (LAM) components were initially chosen for a first level of statistical optimization by Plackett–Burman design (PBD) of experiments using glucose or WCO as carbon sources. The WCO media gave significant increase (5.25-fold) in lipid accumulation when compared to glucose. The most significant factors identified in the media by PBD were Na2HPO4, NH4Cl, and yeast extract and chosen for a second level of optimization studies with a Box-Behnken design (BBD). Response surface analysis and ANOVA were used to obtain the best-fit quadratic model and brought out the nature of the interactions among the three variables. Validation experiments of the model showed that lipid content in 120 h increased from 45.1% in the pre-optimized to 64.5% in optimized media containing WCO, yeast extract, NH4Cl, Na2HPO4.12H2O, KH2PO4, MgSO4.7H2O, CaCl2.2H2O, ZnSO4.7H2O, FeCl3.6H2O, salt solution, and an inoculum size of 3 × 109 cells. The FAME profile and fuel properties, namely, density, saponification number, iodine value, free fatty acid content, kinematic viscosity, and higher heating value of the biodiesel, were evaluated and found to be in accordance with international standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article posits that Enrique Vila-Matas's novel Bartleby y compañía. constitutes a rewriting of the moral message that emerges from "Exemplo xxxii" of El Conde Lucanor. The proposal establishes an intertextual dialogue that draws on elements of the history of traditional literary exemplarity, as the literary topos (in this case, Mundus vult decipi), and of contemporary literary exemplarity, as reception theory. Likewise, this dialogue is strengthened by the coincidences that both literary texts share with a long-standing narrative scheme (the mystifying scheme), and the principle of social conformity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fans' relationships with celebrities are termed "para-social." Such one-way relationships with celebrities, often based on social media, might have a special impact on people's behavior, including travel activities. Scholars have not yet explored the decision-making and behavior of pop culture tourists from the perspective of para-social relationships. In this study, informed by self-construal theory, in-depth interview and questionnaire-based survey were used to explore the impact of different self-construal on fans' perceptions of the nature of their "fan-celebrity" para-social relationship and their pop culture tourism decision-making. Results indicate that fans whose self-construal is "independent" prefer idols' habitual residential environment and placed-mediated experiences, while "interdependent" fans prefer interactive experiences, are celebrity oriented, and go where their favorite celebrity was gone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research note we examine the effect of Taylor Swift's hypothetical endorsement of a Public policy position. We examine this in the context of the expanding literature on the effects of celebrity endorsements. Through a post-test only experimental survey design we test Swift's hypothetical endorsement of a policy position. We begin and conclude with analysis of why Swift's value as an endorser, as well as the value of other similarly situated endorsers may be particularly high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture may hold the key to a sustainable future. By efficiently capturing atmospheric CO2, we can simultaneously produce food, feed, biomass, and biofuels. For more eco-friendly soil processing practices, biofuels can replace diesel in agricultural machinery, significantly reducing the carbon footprint of crop production. Thus, biofuel production can be a sustainable solution for a future with a decreasing carbon footprint. This paper examines the possibility of replacing petroleum-based fuels with 100% biofuels to continue powering heavy-duty vehicles, where the use of electric vehicles is not the optimal solution. This study particularly focused on the operating scenario of heavy-duty engines under medium to high loads, typical of transport or soil processing in agriculture. Diesel was used as a benchmark, and each alternative, such as vegetable oil, methyl ester (B100), and methyl ester–ethanol blends (90B10E, 80B20E, and 70B30E), was tested individually. To find a sustainable fuel substitute, the goal was to identify a biofuel with a kinematic viscosity similar to that of diesel for a comparable spray process. Experimental results showed that an 80% methyl ester and 20% ethanol blend had a kinematic viscosity close to that of diesel. In addition to diesel, this blend resulted in a 48.6% reduction in exhaust gas opacity and a 6.54% lower specific fuel consumption (BSEC). The main aim of the tests was to find a 100% biofuel substitute without modifying the fuel injection systems of existing engines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Doxa Comunicación is the property of Fundacion Universitaria San Pablo - CEU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Research Summary: We explore misconduct scandalization's antecedents by focusing on the rational and emotional bases underlying reputation and celebrity, and considering how they can enhance or reduce the likelihood misconduct is scandalized as a function of the misconduct's objective and perceived severity. Specifically, we argue the quantifiable nature of objective misconduct severity enhances reputation's rational influence, but attenuates celebrity's emotion‐based appeal. Conversely, perceived misconduct severity reduces reputation's influence, while enhancing the media‐driven interest in celebrity firms' behaviors. Our findings based on corporate data breaches confirm that objective severity amplifies reputation's effect and attenuates celebrity's effect, while perceived severity amplifies celebrity's effect and attenuates reputation's effect. Our findings highlight the importance of social evaluations' sociocognitive content in understanding why only some misconduct becomes scandalized. Managerial Summary: Committing misconduct is costly; having it scandalized is devastating. Yet little is known about how social evaluations influence why only some firms' misconduct is scandalized, beyond the vague notion that prominent firms' misconduct attracts media attention. We find that the rational and emotional bases of firms' evaluations matter. High reputation, based on the rational assessment of firms' capabilities, increases the likelihood of scandalization for objectively severe misconduct, and the influence of celebrity—originating from audiences' emotional resonance with firms' unconventional traits and behaviors—weakens as objective severity increases. Conversely, reputation's influence weakens, and celebrity's influence strengthens, as media "availability cascades" grow and increase perceived severity. In addition to providing a more realistic portrayal of media behavior, we offer insights into post‐misconduct communications and remedial actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quest for cleaner and sustainable energy sources is crucial, considering the current scenario of a steep rise in energy consumption and the fuel crisis, exacerbated by diminishing fossil fuel reserves and rising pollutants. In particular, the bioaccumulation of hazardous substances like trivalent chromium has not only disrupted the fragile equilibrium of the ecological system but also poses significant health hazards to humans. Microalgae emerged as a promising solution for achieving sustainability due to their ability to remediate contaminants and produce greener alternatives such as biofuels. This integrated approach provides an ambitious strategy to address global concerns pertaining to economic stability, environmental degradation, and the energy crisis. This study investigates the intricate defense mechanisms deployed by freshwater microalgae Chlorella minutissima in response to Cr (III) toxicity. The microalga achieved an impressive 92% removal efficiency with an IC50 value of 200 ppm, illustrating its extraordinary resilience towards chromium-induced stress. Furthermore, this research embarked on thorough explorations encompassing morphological, pigment-centric, and biochemical analyses, aimed at revealing the adaptive strategies associated with Cr (III) resilience, as well as the dynamics of carbon pool flow that contribute to enhanced lipid and extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) synthesis. The FAME profile of the biodiesel produced complies with the benchmark established by American and European fuel regulations, emphasizing its suitability as a high-quality vehicular fuel. Elevated levels of ROS, TBARS, and osmolytes (such as glycine-betaine), along with the increased activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, GR, and SOD), reveal the activation of robust defense mechanisms against oxidative stress caused by Cr (III). The finding of this investigation presents an effective framework for an algal-based biorefinery approach, integrating pollutant detoxification with the generation of vehicular-quality biodiesel and additional value-added compounds vital for achieving sustainability under the concept of a circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most commonly used homogeneous catalyst for fatty acid esterification is a corrosive sulphuric acid. However, this requires costly investment in non-corrosive equipment, presents a safety risk, is time consuming, and increases effluent generation. In this study, inorganic 3D heteroborane cluster strong acids are employed for the first time as homogeneous catalysts. Three novel isomeric tetrachlorido and tetrabromido derivatives of 3,3′-commo-bis[undecahydrido-closo-1,2-dicarba-3-cobaltadodecaborate](1−) [1−] were synthesised and fully characterised using a range of analytical techniques, including NMR, TLC, HPLC, MS, UV-Vis, melting point (MP), CHN analyses, and XRD. Ultimately, H3O[8,8′-Cl2-1−] was identified as the most efficient, reusable, and non-corrosive homogeneous catalyst for the esterification of four fatty acids. The reactions are conducted in an excess of alcohol at reflux. The effective absorption of water vapour provided by the molecular sieves maximises acid conversion. The hydrophobic dye Sudan black B was employed as an acid-base indicator to facilitate a comparison of the H0 acidity function of sulphuric acid and halogenated heteroboranoic acids when dissolved together in methanol. The 23Na NMR analysis demonstrated that the application of dry methanol resulted in the displacement of Na+ ions from zeolite, which subsequently exchanged the H3O+ ions of the acid. This process led to a gradual reduction in the efficiency of the catalysts, particularly with repeated use. The solution to this issue is to regenerate the catalyst on the ion exchanger following each reaction. In contrast to the published methods, our new approach meets 10 of 12 green chemistry principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microalgae have gained attention due to their higher reproduction rate and lipid productivity. In particular, various stress conditions lead to an overproduction of lipids in microalgae cells. The study investigated the influence of additional CO2 introduced with air into the reactor during biomass growth of Chlorella sp. Additionally, increased phosphorus concentration in the medium under stress cultivation (low nitrogen concentration) was examined. The partial pressure of CO2 and its increased availability to Chlorella sp. in the cultivation medium increased biomass growth (1.4 times) and chlorophyll content (2.5 times) in microalgae cells. A high phosphorus fertilizer significantly increased lipid production under stress conditions with CO2 supply to 85.2 mg/g (2.6 times) and without CO2 to 73.8 mg/g (2.2 times). A high concentration of phosphorus in the culture medium stimulated the synthesis of C16:0 (about 38–45%) and C18:1 CIS9 (about 24–30%). The results confirm that the fertilizers can be used as a culture medium to induce stress and stimulate lipid production. Adjusting the composition of the fertilizers and controlling the additional CO2 supply could prove beneficial to increase the content of the desired fatty acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High ratio biodiesel blend fuel has become mandatory for all sectors including road and non-road vehicles since 2016. All stakeholders of biofuel in Indonesia had conducted a specified investigation through road tests 40,000 km to evaluate the high biodiesel effect on performance, emissions, and engine components. An improvement in fuel properties of biodiesel FAME has also been stated in the new fuel standard. Moreover, the recommendation for proper high biodiesel ratio handling and storage also socialized to all stakeholders. However, shorter fuel filter mileage and fuel degradation for long storing still remain issues for the implementation of biodiesel in Indonesia. An assessment of biodiesel in a locomotive in Indonesia was conducted through a rail test conducted for 6 months with a coal train in Sumatera Island with a blend ratio of 20% by volume (B20) and pure diesel fuel (B0) as a reference. The purpose of this rail test was to investigate the effect of B20 on various factors at railway application. This paper is presented a detailed analysis of the deposits formed in the used main and used twin filters of the locomotive for one maintenance period. An analysis of morphology, elemental analysis, and its physical and chemical properties was done by using a digital microscope, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. An analysis showed that B20 had more deposits on the main filter compared with B0, while it had fewer deposits on the twin filter. Deposit in both of main and twin filters for B20 was identified mostly from hydrocarbons and fatty acid methyl esters. Analysis results also recommended that the fuel filter mileage of B20 was still possible to be prolonged with the current fuel filter standard by considering to deposit formation for both B0 and B20 still under tolerance level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research is to investigate the environmental emission effects and combustion properties of burning different types of FAME biodiesel fuels in an industrial oil burner. These burner heads are used in many areas of industry for heating various boilers and tube furnaces. The fuels used, the area of use, the emission norm values, and the climatic conditions are key factors in this investigation. In this research, two plant-based oils are examined, the properties of which have been compared to standard commercial heating oil. The raw material of the two tested bio-based components was rapeseed. The main gas emission parameters CO, THC, CO2, O2, HC, water content, and consumption data were measured. The measurements were performed in an AVL engine brake platform infrastructure, where gas emissions were measured with an AVL AMA i60 FTIR emission gas analyzer, fuel consumption was meticulously gauged using a fuel flow meter, fuel temperature was monitored using an AVL 745 fuel temperature conditioning system, and air consumption was measured with an AVL Flowsonix intake air flow meter. The measurement results showed that both tested biofuels can be burned stably in industrial oil burners, have favorable properties in terms of ignition and flame extinction tendencies, and there is no significant difference in emission parameters compared to standard fuel oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mitteilungen des Deutschen Germanistenverbandes is the property of Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines personal narratives of reality TV stars and introduces the term reality memoir to describe their unique features and purposes. The reality memoir as discussed here in relation to four texts follows a trajectory different from traditional memoir, being, paradoxically, less about revealing new information than about managing that which is already out there. By doing so, reality memoir effectively becomes an extension of the reality persona. The four memoirs examined are Kris Jenner... and All Things Kardashian (2012) written by Kris Jenner in collaboration with Mark Seal, The Secrets of My Life (2018) by Caitlyn Jenner with Buzz Bissinger, Love Me as I Am (2022) by Garcelle Beauvais together with Nicole E. Smith and Make It Nice (2021) by Dorinda Medley. All four writers are famous for appearing on the reality shows Keeping Up with the Kardashians (2007–21) and the Real Housewives franchise (2006–present). The memoirs indicate that self-promotion remains a central part of the narrative and works to reinforce the image of the persona portrayed on TV. The memoirs also testify to the fact that reality memoir can hardly be defined as a 'tell-all', revealing little that is not known to an intended audience familiar with the TV shows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conchita Wurst rose to fame as the bearded drag queen who won the Eurovision Song Contest in 2014. Through Conchita, the artist Thomas Neuwirth found greater success in his career than he had achieved performing under his own name and non-drag image. Despite this, the specific image and persona of Conchita quickly became limiting for his own artistic expression and growth, leading Neuwirth to introduce a second persona, WURST. This article explores the construction and function of these personas for Neuwirth, arguing that the introduction of WURST has allowed Neuwirth to reconstruct 'Conchita Wurst' as a more versatile performance identity and artistic brand than achievable via the Conchita or WURST personas. It demonstrates how persona can be used strategically to disrupt and transform artistic careers, and how the celebrity of a persona can be leveraged into a form of brand recognition even after that persona is discarded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "27 Club" refers to the widespread legend that notable people, particularly musicians, are unusually likely to die at age 27. A 2011 inquiry in The BMJ showed this is not the case, dismissing the 27 Club as a myth. We expand on this discourse by demonstrating that although the existence of the phenomenon cannot be empirically validated, it is real in its consequences. Using Wikipedia data, we show that while age 27 does not hold greater risk of mortality for notable persons, those who died at 27 are as a group exceptionally notable compared to those who died at other young ages. The 27 Club legend originated from a statistically improbable event circa 1970, wherein four superstar musicians died within the span of 2 y all at age 27. This coincidence captured the public imagination such that our fascination with the 27 Club brought itself into being, producing greater interest in those who died at age 27 than would have been otherwise. This demonstrates path dependence in cultural evolution, whereby an effectively random event evolves into a narrative that shapes otherwise unrelated events and thus the way we make and interpret history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been suggested that caricaturing enhances esthetic appeal, by making an image more strongly stimulate those areas of the brain encoding the subject's distinctive features than does the subject itself. However, some experimental work suggests that people prefer faces with proportions closer to average, or closer to a particular template. It might be that familiarity with the face is important if caricaturing is to increase the esthetic appeal of a likeness. Here we examined how automated caricaturing of photographs of nominal celebrities influenced judgments of esthetic appeal, and how familiarity with the celebrities affected these. Caricaturing monotonically decreased the esthetic appeal of the celebrity photographs, with subjects' familiarity with the celebrity not influencing this relationship. The degree to which caricaturing influenced esthetic appeal was not correlated with judgments of relative spatial dimensions for a simple shape, either in a discrimination threshold experiment or a peak-shift experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The testimonies of celebrities affect the lives of their many followers who pay attention to what they say. This gives celebrities a high degree of epistemic power, which has come under scrutiny during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper investigates the duties that arise from this power. We argue that celebrities have a negative duty of testimonial justice not to undermine trust in authoritative sources by spreading misinformation or directing attention to untrustworthy sources. Moreover, celebrities have a general imperfect duty to try to correct for an unjust distribution of attention by redirecting it to those who deserve it. During a pandemic this may become a perfect one, due to the harm that could be prevented if people follow the advice of experts. Relatedly, we argue that celebrities have an imperfect duty to promote behavior that will reduce the spread of a pandemic. We outline three ways they might do so: they might take on the position of a role model, they may act as a salience magnet or they can direct people's attention towards others who have taken on these roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eyewitness identifications from lineups are prone to error. More indirect identification procedures, such as the reaction-time based Concealed Information Test (RT-CIT) could be a viable alternative to lineups. The RT-CIT uses response times to assess facial familiarity. Theory and initial evidence with autobiographical stimuli suggests that the accuracy of RT-CIT can be augmented when participants' reliance on familiarity-based responding increases. We tested this assumption in two pre-registered experiments with 173 participants. Participants witnessed a mock crime. In the subsequent RT-CIT protocol, participants reacted to probe faces from the mock crime video, to irrelevant faces, and to target faces that required a unique response. Targets were either unknown people or were well-known celebrities (e.g., Taylor Swift). As expected, reaction times were longer to probes than to irrelevants in all conditions, indicating a CIT effect. Contrasting our pre-registered predictions, the CIT effect was not larger in the familiar condition (Experiment 1: unfamiliar targets: d = 0.77 vs. celebrity targets: d = 0.24; Experiment 2: unfamiliar targets: d = 1.09 vs. celebrity targets: d = 0.79). This suggests that familiar targets did not increase the validity of the RT-CIT in diagnosing concealed face recognition. A potential lack of saliency of the familiar targets might explain these unexpected findings. Of note, we did find medium to large effect sizes overall, speaking to the potential of diagnosing face recognition with the RT-CIT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ballet Giselle owes its present international fame to a production mounted in Paris exactly one hundred years ago by Nikolai Sergeyev and starring Olga Spessivtseva. The circumstances behind this influential production have long been misunderstood but new documents and a re-examination of the history now lead to the discovery of a revealingly different sequence of events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Work on footballing stardom has struggled with positioning on-field performance within the image of notable players. This is mainly born out of early scholarship that positioned the topic primarily within a celebrity studies framework, leading to a far greater concentration on footballers' private lives away from the field of play.1 This paper argues that the closely related, but meaningfully different, star studies framework (traditionally applied to analyse film stardom) provides a more appropriate model for interpreting footballing fame. Unlike celebrity studies, which does not separate the on-screen (or on-field) from the off-screen (or off-field) image, star studies positions the relationship between the two identities as more central to forming the overall star persona. This article develops this approach based upon a case study analysis of Welsh footballer Gareth Bale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Etudes Romanes de Brno is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios de Teoría Literaria is the property of Estudios de Teoria Literaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Celebrity endorsements via live streaming continue to draw attention in the tourism industry. This research examines the effects of such endorsements on tourism live streaming. We specifically compared celebrity streamers to key opinion leader streamers and brand streamers across two types of live streaming (travel live streaming vs. tourism e-commerce live streaming). Drawing on the flow theory, we developed a theoretical framework to explain why and how celebrity streamers can inspire travel intention more effectively than key opinion leader streamers and brand streamers. Results indicate that celebrity streamers' endorsements enhance travel intention via informativity, entertainment, and interactivity, compared with endorsements from key opinion leaders and brand streamers. This effect is further amplified during travel live streaming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the process of lexicalization of concepts is relevant in connection with the need to systematize knowledge about the development of language, taking into account the transformation and renewal of culturally specific concepts. This article aims to clarify the available data on the semantic field of the concept popularity in the given context. Achieving this goal requires, firstly, to establish a range of concepts that form the basis of the semantic field of popularity; secondly, turning to the history of the formation of the semantic certainty of this range of concepts; thirdly, analyzing the lexical meanings of these concepts using quantitative and qualitative methods, including the methods of corpus linguistics; fourthly, establishing the semantic relationships between these concepts, as well as the specifics of their ability to reflect the changes in the world of culture. The semantic specificity of concepts related to popularity in the prism of personal success is examined using specific examples related to the development of the Russian language. The materials of this study were original and translated works containing the lexical units in question. The authors (writers, scientists and philosophers) were selected due to their influence on the development of the concept of popularity in Russian culture. Special attention is given to the data from the National Corpus of the Russian Language. Using the methods of comparative analysis and contextual definition, as well as the analysis of dictionary definitions and contexts of their use. Concepts such as praise, admiration, reputation, fame, glory, celebrity and popularity were all considered. From the linguacultural point of view, a connection between such concepts as popularity and fame is established. A deeper linguistic analysis of the group of concepts under study reveals their characteristic semantic relations. In particular, vector semantic models confirm the close connections between the lemmas success, demand and recognition. In most cases, quasi-synonyms for popularity are fame and success. It is shown how the commercial aspects of these concepts are actualized in the journalistic field (using the example of the news corpus). As a result, it is suggested that the concept of popularity be considered as a complex name of this semantic field. This term names the cultural phenomenon of interest of a wide group of the population to an individual, who is in demand in a specific historical period. The authors conclude that in the information society, this phenomenon acquires features of manipulativeness, which opens up new facets of the concept of popularity.

High ratio biodiesel blend fuel has become mandatory for all sectors including road and non-road vehicles since 2016. All stakeholders of biofuel in Indonesia had conducted a specified investigation through road tests 40,000 km to evaluate the high biodiesel effect on performance, emissions, and engine components. An improvement in fuel properties of biodiesel FAME has also been stated in the new fuel standard. Moreover, the recommendation for proper high biodiesel ratio handling and storage also socialized to all stakeholders. However, shorter fuel filter mileage and fuel degradation for long storing still remain issues for the implementation of biodiesel in Indonesia. An assessment of biodiesel in a locomotive in Indonesia was conducted through a rail test conducted for 6 months with a coal train in Sumatera Island with a blend ratio of 20% by volume (B20) and pure diesel fuel (B0) as a reference. The purpose of this rail test was to investigate the effect of B20 on various factors at railway application. This paper is presented a detailed analysis of the deposits formed in the used main and used twin filters of the locomotive for one maintenance period. An analysis of morphology, elemental analysis, and its physical and chemical properties was done by using a digital microscope, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. An analysis showed that B20 had more deposits on the main filter compared with B0, while it had fewer deposits on the twin filter. Deposit in both of main and twin filters for B20 was identified mostly from hydrocarbons and fatty acid methyl esters. Analysis results also recommended that the fuel filter mileage of B20 was still possible to be prolonged with the current fuel filter standard by considering to deposit formation for both B0 and B20 still under tolerance level.

The aim of this research is to investigate the environmental emission effects and combustion properties of burning different types of FAME biodiesel fuels in an industrial oil burner. These burner heads are used in many areas of industry for heating various boilers and tube furnaces. The fuels used, the area of use, the emission norm values, and the climatic conditions are key factors in this investigation. In this research, two plant-based oils are examined, the properties of which have been compared to standard commercial heating oil. The raw material of the two tested bio-based components was rapeseed. The main gas emission parameters CO, THC, CO2, O2, HC, water content, and consumption data were measured. The measurements were performed in an AVL engine brake platform infrastructure, where gas emissions were measured with an AVL AMA i60 FTIR emission gas analyzer, fuel consumption was meticulously gauged using a fuel flow meter, fuel temperature was monitored using an AVL 745 fuel temperature conditioning system, and air consumption was measured with an AVL Flowsonix intake air flow meter. The measurement results showed that both tested biofuels can be burned stably in industrial oil burners, have favorable properties in terms of ignition and flame extinction tendencies, and there is no significant difference in emission parameters compared to standard fuel oil.

Naming and reputation are key factors in social recognition, a practice observed in Iran since ancient times. Examining these appellations reveals which elements each society considers important for identity and fame. This research employed an analytical-descriptive methodology, considering the evolutionary stages of human societies as a cultural context. The study conducted linguistic analysis within morphological and syntactic frameworks while investigating cultural roots. The research focused on pre-Islamic Iranian fame and surnames, primarily drawing from Ferdowsi's Shahnameh and Vis and Ramin, due to their rich repository of ancient Iranian names. Findings indicated that the most common linguistic structures were syntactic combinations of "name + e + father's/grandfather's name", "name + e + city/country name + relative", and "name + e + occupation + relative". In terms of cultural context, kinship relations and paternal/ancestral attribution were most prevalent followed by fame derived from individual skills. These patterns reflected the influence of tribal life and patriarchy. City and country-based fame ranked next, indicating the emergence of urban life. Occupational attribution also occurred frequently, stemming from class-based society and social castes, reaching its peak in Shahnameh and the Sasanian period. Notably, fame constructions with religious content were minimal, suggesting the limited spread of religions in the Late Middle Ages. Keywords: Surname, Fame, Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, Veis and Ramin. Introduction Acquisition of identity and the lexical choices describing surnames have ancient roots in human society. Selection of names is closely tied to the social, political, and cultural values of a society, reflecting various dimensions of social status. While the use of surnames alongside given names has long existed in Iranian culture, the methods of surname construction have evolved over time. Studying the structure of these family names provides insight into cultural identity, which is crucial for understanding different aspects of Iranian civilization. Materials & Methods This research drew its data from surnames used in Shahnameh and Vis and Ramin. The methodology employed both linguistic and content analysis. In the first phase, the data underwent morphological and syntactic analysis. Morphological examination revealed that the addition of relative suffixes, such as "an" and "i" was common in surname construction. Syntactic analysis demonstrated a prevalence of compound structures and syntactic phrases. The second phase involved semantic analysis, investigating the meanings of these surnames to identify their cultural backgrounds. By studying the historical context of Shahnameh and Vis and Ramin, the research aimed to uncover the methods of surname acquisition and formation in ancient Iranian society. Research Findings Kinship relationships emerge as the most significant factor in surname construction, with paternal attribution being the most prevalent. The connection between children's names and their fathers' names is observed across various temporal contexts rooted in tribal life and patriarchal structures. In Shahnameh, a common morphological structure involved adding the suffix "an" to the father's name. The next most frequent method of surname acquisition was derived from individual skills, city of origin, or country, reflecting an agricultural lifestyle. Interestingly, gaining fame through maternal grandfather attribution appeared only once in the historical period of Shahnameh, underscoring the patriarchal nature of Iranian society. Discussion of Results & Conclusion The cultural context for identity formation and surname acquisition encompasses various styles corresponding to stages of human development. The results of this research indicated that kinship relationships, individual skills, and attribution to city, country, or occupation were widely used in surname construction. Paternal and ancestral attributions were the most common likely due to the prevalence of tribal and ethnic group structures during the period. Individual skill-based surnames appeared from the Tahmureth to Sasanian eras. City and country-based surnames related to urban lifestyles were found to have become more prominent in Shahnameh during the Sasanian era. Linguistically, surnames are constructed through compounding, adjectival phrases, and noun phrases. A notable structure involves three-word combinations: two nouns followed by an adjective or a name indicating racial or ethnic background. In Vis and Ramin, surnames appeared less frequently, possibly due to its genre. In love stories, first names are often preferred over surnames to convey intimacy between characters. In conclusion, this analysis revealed the intricate relationship between linguistic structures, cultural contexts, and historical periods in the formation of Iranian surnames, providing valuable insights into the evolution of Iranian society and identity.

The conventional utilization of fossil fuels precipitates uncontrolled carbon dioxide and sulfur oxides emissions, thereby engendering pronounced atmospheric pollution and global health ramifications. Within the maritime domain, concerted global initiatives aspire to mitigate emissions by 2050, centering on the adaptation of engines, alteration of fuel compositions, and amelioration of exhaust gas treatment protocols. This investigation pioneers experimentation with marine gas oil augmented by methanol, a practice conventionally encumbered by prohibitively expensive additives. Successful amalgamation of methanol, animal-derived biodiesel, and marine gas oil (MGO) is empirically demonstrated under meticulously controlled thermal conditions, creating a homogeneous blend with virtually zero sulfur content and reduced carbon content, featuring characteristics akin to conventional marine gas oil but with no use of expensive emulsifiers. This new blend is suitable for employment in maritime engines utilizing Delaval technology, yet with significantly lower energy requirements compared to those necessitated using conventional very low sulfur fuel oil (VLSFO) with a maximum sulfur content of 0.5% w/w.

This article examines the ways in which three women poets of the long nineteenth-century – Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806–1861), Emily Brontë (1818–1848) and Charlotte Mew (1869–1928) – represent fame in their work in terms of a tense sexualised dynamic of attraction and repulsion, variously modelled as femme-fatale-like seduction, repressed lust and the activity in, and consequences of, what Mew terms the “tossed bed” (“Fame”, l. 19). The focusing of fame through the ideas of sexuality and embodiment enables these writers to reflect, explicitly or implicitly, upon the gendered nature of literary creation, public voice and visibility, and thereby to negotiate, at least in part, the complex legacies of the “poetess”. In deploying innovative experiments with structure, form and language, Barrett Browning, Brontë and Mew repeatedly reveal fame’s double-edged nature, as something which may be alluring and enthralling in terms of desire, yet simultaneously silencing and threatening to the intellectual and creative life of the poet. The poems examined here consequently demonstrate that succumbing to fame is something which must be resisted at all costs in order to maintain personal and poetic integrity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Justice motivation has been considered one cause of celebrity infidelity scandals becoming flaming incidents. Nevertheless, few studies have examined how the belief in a just world (BJW), one motivation for justice, affects people's attitudes toward these incidents. This study was conducted to identify the relations among BJW, negative emotions toward infidelity (NE), and celebrity infidelity blaming (CIB). Data were collected from 1186 Japanese adults (mean age = 44.9 years, SD = 13.8; 49.4% male). The results of structural equation modeling revealed that NE positively relates to CIB and plays a mediating role between BJW and CIB. However, BJW neither facilitates NE nor positively predicts CIB; on the contrary, it suppresses both NE and CIB. The findings indicate that BJW decreases people's blame on celebrity infidelity and suggest future directions for mitigating the issues posed by casting blame on celebrities' cheating scandals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article uses the construct of the Second Persona to understand the evangelical Christian rhetorical culture constructed by evangelical celebrities via Instagram. As informal authorities, evangelical celebrities are unique figures. Understanding their media use in constructing an ideal evangelical auditor provides an assessment of evangelical culture and posits an "Evangelical Second Persona" characterized by a familiarity with media, a reiteration of evangelical media consumption, an emphasis on family and class success, and the primacy of decentralized celebrity figures. This analysis shows the utility of persona criticism in understanding the ongoing constitution of evangelical rhetorical culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this paper, which analyses the use of sports celebrities in advertising discourse, is to understand the strategic use to which brands put them in their commercial and corporate communication on Instagram. Design/methodology/approach: To this end, a content analysis was performed on the Instagram posts of the brands Santander, Movistar, Red Bull and Iberdrola during the period 2021-2022. Findings: The results indicate that, strategically speaking, these brands use the celebrity endorsement strategy to pursue emotional objectives and to adopt a position depending on the type of user. Likewise, these findings show that they single out uniqueness as the principal celebrity characteristic, while also mainly leveraging sports values, especially competence. These values represented by sports celebrities are markedly social in nature, which implies that they enjoy a degree of public recognition that is transferred to the brand to which they lend their image. Research limitations/implications: The conclusions connect celebrity endorsers with strategic branding issues and aspects of sports. Originality/value: An empirical approach is followed here to study the representation of sports celebrities in the advertising of well-known brands linked to the sports world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Papers published in finance and economics journals whose first authors are famous have more citations than papers whose second or third authors are famous. As a paper ages, its citation rate varies most with variation in the fame of the first author and less so with the fame of second and third authors. Author order is alphabetical, so these patterns are unrelated to underlying quality. The magnitudes we find are large; a three-author paper written by the most prolific author in economics and his two research assistants would increase, on average, its percentile rank by 30 percentage points if the prolific author was first rather than second or third. The effect is especially pronounced in three, rather than two, author papers, suggesting that burying a famous author in the "et al." reduces citations the most. This paper was accepted by David Sraer, finance. Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.00840. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Naming and reputation are key factors in social recognition, a practice observed in Iran since ancient times. Examining these appellations reveals which elements each society considers important for identity and fame. This research employed an analytical-descriptive methodology, considering the evolutionary stages of human societies as a cultural context. The study conducted linguistic analysis within morphological and syntactic frameworks while investigating cultural roots. The research focused on pre-Islamic Iranian fame and surnames, primarily drawing from Ferdowsi's Shahnameh and Vis and Ramin, due to their rich repository of ancient Iranian names. Findings indicated that the most common linguistic structures were syntactic combinations of "name + e + father's/grandfather's name", "name + e + city/country name + relative", and "name + e + occupation + relative". In terms of cultural context, kinship relations and paternal/ancestral attribution were most prevalent followed by fame derived from individual skills. These patterns reflected the influence of tribal life and patriarchy. City and country-based fame ranked next, indicating the emergence of urban life. Occupational attribution also occurred frequently, stemming from class-based society and social castes, reaching its peak in Shahnameh and the Sasanian period. Notably, fame constructions with religious content were minimal, suggesting the limited spread of religions in the Late Middle Ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depleting fossil fuel resources and increasing energy demand have intensified the emphasis on biofuel production cyanobacteria. In this study, 19 cyanobacterial filamentous strains were isolated from various regions of Pakistan, including the northern areas and the University of the Punjab, Lahore. Sudan black, Nile red, and BODIPY staining, together with CLSM, fluorimetry, FTIR, growth in different nitrate concentrations, and GC techniques, were used to confirm and measure the lipid and diesel contents within isolated cyanobacterial filaments. Oscillatoria sp. strain CFF-6 showed a significantly higher yield (biodiesel/biomass=35.6%). Leptolyngbya sp. strain CFF-18 showed a higher yield (biodiesel/biomass=17.1%) compared to other Leptolyngbya strains. FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) analysis was also performed. Oscillatoria are better biodiesel producers in comparison to other filamentous strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most adolescents follow celebrity rumors daily. This study used a daily diary method to focus on adolescents' (14–18 years old) regular engagement with celebrity content. Cognitive (attitudes of acceptability), affective (neutral feelings), and physiological (arousal) transitions in adolescents' engagement were tracked and analyzed across a period of seven weeks and under contrasting conditions (positive/negative). More specifically, adolescents were asked questions seven times about self-selected celebrity items that they considered positive or negative. After seven weeks, we tested whether these transitions were related to their responses to a case of negative celebrity news. The results indicated that adolescents who focused on negative celebrity news showed a decrease in neutral responses to celebrity news, meaning that their emotional responses became more intense over time. This can be interpreted as a sensitization effect. The transition in emotional engagement was not significantly related to their responses in the post-measurement test, meaning that adolescents did not translate their less neutral feelings into their future expressions about celebrity news items. No significant changes were reported in the cognitive (attitudes of acceptability) and physiological (arousal) levels over time. For the positive condition, the intensity of the adolescents' engagement remained constant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]