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Objective: This study compared the effects of Flywheel Resistance Squat Training (FRST) vs. Traditional Resistance Squat Training (TRST) on lower body strength in female collegiate basketball players. Methods: Nineteen participants were randomly assigned to either the FRST group (n = 9) or the TRST group (n = 10) through a random number draw. Both groups underwent a 6-week intervention with training sessions conducted twice a week. The FRST group utilized an inertia of 0.075 kg ·m2, while another group trained at 80% of their one-repetition maximum (1RM). Each training session consisted of 4 sets of 8 repetitions with a 3-minute rest between sets. Both groups performed standardized warm-ups and stretches before and after each training session. The effectiveness of the training methods was assessed through the Countermovement Jump (CMJ), Reactive Strength Index (RSI), Eccentric Utilization Ratio, Running Vertical Jump, and 1RM squat. Results: The FRST and TRST groups showed differences within groups in both CMJ and 1RM squat (p < 0.01), with the FRST group demonstrating moderate effect sizes in CMJ (Hedges' g = 0.59) and 1RM (Hedges' g = 1.01). However, there were no differences between groups (p > 0.05). The Eccentric Utilization Ratio showed a small effect size (p = 0.78; η p 2 = 0.01). Additionally, Reactive Strength Index and Running Vertical Jump exhibited low test-retest reliability. Conclusion: The two groups did not exhibit a statistically significant difference. Nonetheless, both FRST and TRST demonstrated positive effects on 1RM squat and CMJ performance compared to baseline values for each method. Therefore, flywheel resistance training can be considered an effective alternative to traditional resistance training for enhancing strength levels in female basketball players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveThis study compared the effects of Flywheel Resistance Squat Training (FRST) vs. Traditional Resistance Squat Training (TRST) on lower body strength in female collegiate basketball players.MethodsNineteen participants were randomly assigned to either the FRST group (n = 9) or the TRST group (n = 10) through a random number draw. Both groups underwent a 6-week intervention with training sessions conducted twice a week. The FRST group utilized an inertia of 0.075 kg ·m2, while another group trained at 80% of their one-repetition maximum (1RM). Each training session consisted of 4 sets of 8 repetitions with a 3-minute rest between sets. Both groups performed standardized warm-ups and stretches before and after each training session. The effectiveness of the training methods was assessed through the Countermovement Jump (CMJ), Reactive Strength Index (RSI), Eccentric Utilization Ratio, Running Vertical Jump, and 1RM squat.ResultsThe FRST and TRST groups showed differences within groups in both CMJ and 1RM squat (p < 0.01), with the FRST group demonstrating moderate effect sizes in CMJ (Hedges’ g = 0.59) and 1RM (Hedges’ g = 1.01). However, there were no differences between groups (p > 0.05). The Eccentric Utilization Ratio showed a small effect size (p = 0.78; ηp2=0.01). Additionally, Reactive Strength Index and Running Vertical Jump exhibited low test-retest reliability.ConclusionThe two groups did not exhibit a statistically significant difference. Nonetheless, both FRST and TRST demonstrated positive effects on 1RM squat and CMJ performance compared to baseline values for each method. Therefore, flywheel resistance training can be considered an effective alternative to traditional resistance training for enhancing strength levels in female basketball players.

(1) This study examined the impact of fatigue and unanticipated factors on knee biomechanics during sidestep cutting and lateral shuffling in female basketball players, assessing the potential for non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. (2) Twenty-four female basketball players underwent fatigue induction and unanticipated change of direction tests, and kinematic and kinetic parameters were collected before and after fatigue with a Vicon motion capture system and Kistler ground reaction force (GRF) sensor. (3) Analysis using two-way repeated-measures ANOVA showed no significant interaction between fatigue and unanticipated factors on joint kinematics and kinetics. Unanticipated conditions significantly increased the knee joint flexion and extension angle (p < 0.01), decreased the knee flexion moment under anticipated conditions, and increased the knee valgus moment after fatigue (p ≤ 0.05). One-dimensional statistical parametric mapping (SPM1d) results indicated significant differences in GRF during sidestep cutting and knee inversion and rotation moments during lateral shuffling post-fatigue. (4) Unanticipated factors had a greater impact on knee load patterns, raising ACL injury risk. Fatigue and unanticipated factors were independent risk factors and should be considered separately in training programs to prevent lower limb injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) This study examined the impact of fatigue and unanticipated factors on knee biomechanics during sidestep cutting and lateral shuffling in female basketball players, assessing the potential for non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. (2) Twenty-four female basketball players underwent fatigue induction and unanticipated change of direction tests, and kinematic and kinetic parameters were collected before and after fatigue with a Vicon motion capture system and Kistler ground reaction force (GRF) sensor. (3) Analysis using two-way repeated-measures ANOVA showed no significant interaction between fatigue and unanticipated factors on joint kinematics and kinetics. Unanticipated conditions significantly increased the knee joint flexion and extension angle (p < 0.01), decreased the knee flexion moment under anticipated conditions, and increased the knee valgus moment after fatigue (p ≤ 0.05). One-dimensional statistical parametric mapping (SPM1d) results indicated significant differences in GRF during sidestep cutting and knee inversion and rotation moments during lateral shuffling post-fatigue. (4) Unanticipated factors had a greater impact on knee load patterns, raising ACL injury risk. Fatigue and unanticipated factors were independent risk factors and should be considered separately in training programs to prevent lower limb injuries.

Through the latent analysis, the factors determining one or another process are discovered, the structure of the investigated complex phenomenon, which in the experiment is a result sign, is revealed and penetrated deeper. The purpose of the study is to discover the latent matrix and identify the primary factors of sports preparation and some mental properties in 15-16-year-old female basketball players after an applied model of basketball practice. The tasks to achieve the goal are the following: 1. To establish the degree of the main indicators of sports preparation and some mental properties in the studied groups. 2. To determine the primary factors in sports training and some mental properties of 15-16-year-old female basketball players. The object of the study is the sports training and some mental properties of 15-16-year-old female basketball players. The subject of the experiment is the influence of the basketball training model on 15-16-year-old female basketball players. The subjects of the research are 15-16-year-old female basketball players, the same amount – 15 in each group. The experimental group includes 15 basketball players from BC "Rositsa", Pavlikeni, who work according to a developed basketball training model, three times a week. The control group consists of 15 girls from "Bacho Kiro" Secondary School, Pavlikeni, who practice basketball, also three times a week. In conclusion: 1. At the start of the study, the latent matrix of the experimental group consisted of five factors, and that of the control group of seven. At the end of the experiment, the factors of the experimental group were rearranged to six, and those of the control group were increased to eight. 2. Targeted basketball instruction in the experimental group results in a greater accumulated percentage of explained variance than in the control group. 3. In the first place in the experimental group is the technical factor, which is mainly relied on in the experimental model of training. 4. The "Anthropometric" factor and the "Explosive power of the lower limbs" factor are found to be the second and third most important factors in the present study [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gümüshane Üniversitesi Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Gumushane University, Faculty of Health Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The involvement of beginners in specialized sports training in recent years has been increasingly associated with the younger age groups. This necessitates the observance of a properly constructed training process and requires the application of highly effective training methods in the process of multi-year sports training. In turn, this leads to compliance with the main trends in the selection and training of young players, in such a way to control and therefore optimize the entire education and training process. According to some authors, in the construction of the multi-year sports training, scientifically based methodologies for the preparation and control of the education and training process conducted with the adolescent female basketball players should be developed and used. The purpose of this study is to identify and compare changes in traits informing physical development and physical performance in 15–16-years-old female basketball players following an applied basketball training model. For the implementation of the objective, the following tasks were set: 1. To develop and test a basketball training model for 15–16-years-old female basketball players. 2. To investigate physical development and physical performance at the appropriate age prior to experimental impact. 3. To determine the influence of the basketball training model in the female basketball players studied. The object of the study are the physical development and physical fitness of 15-16-year-old female basketball players. The subject of the experiment is the influence of the basketball training model in 15-16-years-old female basketball players. The contingent of the study are 15-16-years-old female basketball players, distributed in equal numbers - 15 in each group. The experimental group includes 15 basketball players from BC "Rositsa", town of Pavlikeni, who work on a developed model of basketball training, three times a week. The control group consists of 15 girls from "Bacho Kiro" Secondary School, town of Pavlikeni, who also run basketball classes three times a week. The study was conducted over the course of one education and training year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Facta Universitatis: Series Physical Education & Sport is the property of Facta Universitatis, Series Physical Education & Sport and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Physical Education (20736452) is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research aimed to determine the differences among the female basketball players of the Women's Basketball Club (WBC) Celje, which is the champion team of Slovenia, and WBC Buducnost Bemax, which is the champion team of Montenegro, in terms of their anthropometric characteristics and body composition. A sample of 26 subjects was divided into two sub-samples. The first sub-sample consisted of 12 players of WBC Celje (average age 21.75±2.70), while the other sub-sample consisted of 14 players of WBC Buducnost Bemax (average age of 20.71±3.15). All players were tested in Podgorica, Montenegro. Anthropometric characteristics and body composition were evaluated using a battery of eleven variables: body height (cm), body weight (kg), triceps skinfold, back skinfold, biceps skinfold, abdominal skinfold, thighs skinfold, calf skinfold, body mass index (BMI), percentage of fat and muscle mass (kg). Differences in anthropometric characteristic and composition of the body of the female basketball players of two clubs were determined by using a discriminatory parametric procedure with t-test for small independent samples (p<0.05). It was found that the basketball players of Celje are slightly higher and have more body mass than the players of Buducnost Bemax. Also, there are significant statistical differences by two variables that estimate the calf skinfold and thigh skinfold, in favour of the Celje, but WBC Buducnost Bemax had better fat percentage value. These results could be helpful to other clubs and coaches in Slovenia and Montenegro, in selecting and planning of the training process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to determine the differences among the female basketball players of the National team of Ukraine and the National team of Montenegro, in terms of their anthropometric characteristics and body composition. A sample of 27 subjects was divided into two sub-samples. The first sub-sample of the subjects consisted of 13 players of the National team of Ukraine, of the average age 24.92±4.09, while the other sub-sample consisted of 14 players of National team of Montenegro, based on the average age of 22.36±4.14. All players were tested in Podgorica, in lasting period of two days, while they held preparations for the European Championship, one month before the start of the Championship. Anthropometric characteristics in the body composition were evaluated by a battery of eleven variables: body height (cm), body weight (kg), triceps skinfold, back skinfold, biceps skinfold, abdominal skinfold, thighs skinfold, calf skinfold, body mass index (BMI), percentage of fat and muscle mass (kg). Differences in anthropometric characteristic and composition of the body of the female basketball players of two national teams, Ukraine and Montenegro, were determined by using a discriminatory parametric procedure with t-test for small independent samples. It was found that the basketball players of Montenegro are slightly lower and have more body mass. Also, there are significant statistical differences by 3 variables that estimate the abdominal skinfold, calf skinfold and fat percentage, in favor of the National team of Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Basketball is a popular sport around the world, the number of players is growing, the probability to experience trauma is increasing, too. Studies have shown that women sustain 60% more injuries than men do. Preseason physical examination helps to establish sports specific changes in the body of the athlete and to determine risk factors for training, competition, which cause injury to the players. Research aim was to analyse risk of non-contact musculoskeletal injuries in elite women basketball players according to the position on the court. Methods. The study involved 100 players in Lithuanian women basketball league who completed the questionnaire about the level of physical fatigue, performed Lower Quarter Y Balance Test™ and Functional Movement Screen ™ tests during pre-season physical examination in 2014. Data were analysed and compared according to player's position on the court (guards and forwards). Results. The level of physical fatigue during pre-season period was low in both groups. Dynamic stability of the right leg was better in guards (composite score - 105.2 to 101.8 in forwards) while dynamic stability of the left leg remained the same in both groups. Guards had higher total scores in Functional Movement Screen™ tests pointing to the better quality of basic functional movement patterns. Conclusions. The guard's playing efficiency during the season was higher than that of forwards and it was associated with better dynamic stability and higher level of physical fatigue at pre-season. Indirect indicators of non-contact musculoskeletal sport injuries showed that guards should have lower risk of non-contact sport-related injuries in women basketball. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article basically aims to present the applicability of the modified "30-15IFT" test on a sample of the senior women's national basketball team of Serbia. The technology we employed enabled us to acquire a number of parameters about the test as such and the study subjects' endurance. In addition to the level of development of specific indicators of the special endurance of female basketball players, we were interested in the differences between individual player types. The results show that after about 13 minutes of running the subjects on average achieved a maximum speed of 15.5 km/h, with a maximum heart rate of 187.4 beats.min-1, a maximum lactate concentration of 7.8 mmol-1, maximum relative oxygen uptake of 52.2 ml.min-1/kg-1, a maximum minute volume of exhaled carbon dioxide of 3473.5 ml.min-1 and a maximum lung ventilation of 117.6 l.min-1. In the last two variables statistically significant differences were found between individual types of players (guards, forwards and centers). The field "30-15IFT" intermittent fitness test proved to be suitable for assessing the current functional abilities of male and female basketball players and for identifying variations in their fitness in different periods of training. However, some issues concerning the applicability of the test for scientific and research purposes still have to be clarified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revija Šport is the property of Sport: Revija Za Teoreticna in Praticna Vprasanja Sporta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background. Modern basketball has become a game in which the high level of mastership in the execution of technicaltactical actions is no longer enough to provide success. The present-day playing requires a multilateral and specific physical training at a high level, adjusted to age particularities, to the players' training level and to the development tendencies of the game on the world level. Aims. The purpose of this research was to emphasize the effects of using short intervals in physical training programmes within the development of young female players' technical capacities. Methods. The experimental group was made up of 12 female athletes from „CSS-M.Eminescu College„ from Oradea, who had benefited from a formative program of special physical training, different from that of the control group. The control group comprised 12 female athletes from LPS-CSS Satu Mare, who had followed a normal physical training program based on traditional methods. In order to accomplish our research, the principal methods used were: the method of observation doubled by recording method, experimental method, the analogy and modelling method, as well as the statistical-mathematical method. To secure an exact interpretation of the results, we used the Student test and Pearson and Spearman correlation rates, with a significance threshold for the tests in use of 0.05. The statistical calculations were carried out by way of 10.0 SPSS and Microsoft Excel applications. We used the scoreboard of the Romanian Basketball Association. Results. In the performance evaluation tests, the t-value achieved by us in the free throw test (t=0,558) being smaller than the value in Fisher's table, with the marginal 0.05 for f=n-1 (2.201 resulted in an insignificant difference, thus the results in this test cannot be equated with the physical training undergone by the players. By contrast, the t-value in the specific position performance test (t=3.906) being larger than the value in Fisher's table, with the marginal p=0.01 (3.106), resulted in the difference being considerable, thus the null hypothesis theory has to be rejected. The chances that the relationship between these performances could be casual are smaller than 1 %. Conclusion. The correlation of the results obtained in the performance tests with the evolution of the parameters of the playing style, the players' conduct during the game (which is, in fact, the purpose of the training), validates the accuracy of the methodology used in training female players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well recognized that exercise causes considerable changes in circulating leukocyte subpopulations. These changes appears to be related to exercise intensity and duration. Literature data shows immunosuppression in endurance athletes; however, team sports have received little attention with reference to acute effects of exercise on immune function. The aim of the present study was to investigate the acute changes in leukocyte number after a single bout of basketball training. Fifteen elite female basketball players, members of the national team and eight non-athletes participated in the study. The duration of the exercise was two hours and was performed at an intensity of 70% of maximal heart rate. Before the exercise (pre), immediately after (post) and four hours after the exercise conclusion (4 h) blood samples were taken in order to determine white blood cells and the subsets of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes eosinophils and basophils. At the same time, blood samples were obtained from non-athletes. The analysis of data indicated significant increase in total white blood cells for the athletes (p<.001) after the end of exercise. The leukocytosis was still evident after four hours of recovery (25% higher from the pre-exercise values) and there was a significant difference between athletes and non-athletes (p<.001). This leukocytosis was primarily due to a neutrophilia as there were no significant differences in lymphocytes after the end of exercise and between the two groups (p>.05). These findings revealed that the single bout of basketball training induced a mild leukocytosis without affecting the lymphocyte count and the immune system in athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies have been conducted to identify the mechanism of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. It is currently accepted that ACL injuries occur during stopping, cutting, or jump-landing with slight knee flexion and knee valgus. A half of ACL deficient knees require surgical intervention. Although the surgical technique has been improved, and the outcome is reasonably successful, the prevention of ACL injuries is still a primary issue in the field of sports medicine. However, the incidence of ACL injury has not been successfully decreased yet. Therefore, we developed an ACL injury prevention program. The purpose of our study is to report the effect of the ACL injury prevention program during the last 12 month period. Our program requires only 10 minutes, whereas the programs reported previously require approximately 30 to 60 minutes. One hundred and seventy-one female basketball players from high schools participated in our study. Eighty-five were the exercise group and 86 were the control group. They were instructed to perform the exercise program before every regular practice session. The exercise program consists of strengthening, balance, and jump-landing exercises. The visual exercise instructions recorded on a compact disc were given to each high school. Every three months, the participants were questioned about their exercise attendances and injury profiles followed by physical fitness tests. Two ACL injuries occurred during the intervention period in the exercise group and 4 injuries occurred in the control groups. The incidence of ACL injury was found to be 0.039 per 1,000 practice hours in the exercise group and 0.081 in the control groups. Although a shorter time is required for our program, a greater effect on decreasing the ACL injury incidence was observed in our study compared with previous studies. This finding enhances the current knowledge of ACL injury prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]