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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La mediación lingüística posee cada vez una mayor presencia en las aulas de lenguas gracias, entre otros motivos, a la publicación del Volumen Complementario del MECR en 2021. Se presentan, a tal respecto, los resultados de una propuesta didáctica que explota las potencialidades de la traducción a la vista a estudiantes universitarios en entorno italohablante. El objetivo general de la experiencia didáctica propuesta es el de introducir a estudiantes de español con fines específicos en el ámbito de la promoción ferial a través de la traducción a la vista, ya que dicha modalidad de mediación es susceptible de aportar grandes beneficios para el aprendizaje lingüístico más allá del ámbito profesional de la interpretacíon. Se ofrece, por tanto, la citada propuesta didáctica, así como un análisis cuantitativo fruto de una experiencia didáctica basada en el género de la traducción a la vista.

Copyright of Documenta & Instrumenta is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Lengua para Fines Específicos is the property of Revista de Lengua para Fines Especificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Trashumante. Revista Americana de Historia Social is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents a case study on the perception and evaluation parameters of communication management by general directors of trade fair organizations affiliated with the International Association of Trade Fairs of America AFIDA, which brings together more than fifty organizations in Latin America, Spain and Portugal. A bibliographical review of various theories, models, and studies on the measurement and evaluation of communication was carried out. The emphasis has been placed on publications made in the present century with the aim of identifying and parameterizing how to measure, evaluate and assess communication management. The studies and proposals made in the present century were analyzed, focusing on whether there is a clear methodology to measure communication, and the interest in measurement. The state of strategic communication in the professional field, the characteristics of excellent communication, and the follow-up to the key aspects of the profession have been examined. Trends, roles and best practices of the profession, budgets, and functions of communication measurement and evaluation. In addition, several substantial inputs for communication management and evaluation have been identified as the Barcelona principles which have been reissued and updated twice. The framework for monitoring communication that presents several levels of impact for the measurement and evaluation of communication. The culture of active listening to stakeholders recommended by the Melbourne Mandate. In recent years, new contributions have been made, such as the Integrated Evaluation Framework, the global model of public relations and communication and several strategic communication impact indicators, among others. With this information, the proposal of components for the measurement and evaluation of strategic communication management was constructed as a theoretical contribution, consisting of twenty variables grouped into six components: management function of communication, diagnostic research, approach to objectives, results to be obtained, evaluation methods and results report. Each of them represents a parameter that allows self-assessment and determination of whether the communication management of an organization reaches the strategic level. The proposal Components of the measurement and evaluation of strategic communication management, represents the theoretical basis on which the case study of the present investigation is carried out, which has as objectives to know the perception and the evaluation parameters of the management of the communication from the perspective of the general directors of the fair organizations affiliated to the International Association of Fairs of America, Spain and Portugal AFIDA. The research was conducted through semi-structured interviews with directors of trade fair organizations that are or have been members of AFIDA's board of directors and who attended the 51st Latin American Congress of the Trade Fair and Convention Industry, held in Bogota in April 2022. A survey was also applied to the remaining CEOs attending the congress. The information-gathering instruments included questions regarding to the influence and competence of the communication directors, department budget, alignment of communication objectives, results to be obtained, evaluation methods, and communication results reports. The most relevant results show that the directors' perception of communication management is more operational than strategic, the main function of the communication director is to advise top management, communication objectives have little alignment with organizational objectives and there is a weakness on the part of the Dircoms to manage and include organizational and financial indexes in the reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of HiSTOReLo: Revista de Historia Regional y Local is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Centro Editorial Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A growing polarization marks the Brazilian macro-political context and encourages the creation of strategies used by different groups and social actors to express their political party positions. This article analyses how creating the Ponta Norte Agroecological Fair in the Federal District can be considered a different strategy for transforming a public space into a political space. The qualitative methodology used in the research involves the analysis of three universes of subjects: the organizers, the producers-traders and the participants (consumers). It combines data obtained from the answer to structured interviews with data mapping from the 2018 election voting sections. The research reveals that the fair breaks with urban-rural dichotomies and is responsible for constructing political space through territorializing itself as a spatial process. Today, the fair's spatial location and existence are fundamental data for understanding how such a construction process is embedded with meaning but politically conditioning and limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Actas de Diseño is the property of Facultad de Diseno y Comunicacion, Fundacion Universidad de Palermo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Brazilian peasantry needs ways of reproduction for its survival and then stays in the lots of rural settlements that are territorialized. In that, family work becomes an important element for its maintenance, in the face of the advance of capitalism in the countryside. The production in the peasant territory is important for its subsistence and then the commercialization of its products, in which fairs are one of the main instruments for the realization of the peasant market. Thus, the purpose of this work is to present the relationship between the settlers of PA São Judas, PA Margarida Alves and PA Silvio Rodrigues in Rio Brilhante, with the fairs in this municipality and in Maracaju in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. These fairs have become important, as they add value to the final income of peasants who produce and sell vegetables, tubers, fruits, etc. seeking through this market to improve the quality of life and stay in the territory conquered through the struggle of the Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Los circuitos cortos de comercialización constituyen nuevas formas de organización de la agricultura familiar. Sin embargo, cuando estos son entendidos solo desde las ferias, se diluyen sus lógicas productivas desplegadas sobre las cuales se sustenta el proceso de comercialización propiamente dicho. Este artículo tiene como objetivo identificar las dinámicas tendientes a generar circuitos cortos, desarrolladas por una familia productora en contextos cotidianos de Santiago del Estero (Argentina). Dos son los ejemplos de estos circuitos que serán examinados: uno en el marco de una feria y otro en tiempos de pandemia. Con ello se intentará demostrar que las construcciones de tales mecanismos comerciales responden a un balance entre la realidad disponible (de recursos endógenos y exógenos, de mercado, redes sociales, tecnología, conocimientos propios, etc.) y las posibilidades que permite desplegar el potencial de la agricultura familiar. Se utiliza la metodología cualitativa para abordar un estudio de caso; las técnicas desarrolladas fueron visitas de campo, entrevistas en profundidad y observaciones directas.

The present study aims characterize rural familiar producers that commercialize in the rural producer fair from the cities of Marechal Cândido Rondon, Toledo and Cascavel, which belong to the west region of Paraná. More broadly, the investigation has the objective of analyzing the use of electronic commerce as an alternative market and the purpose of commercial expansion. The methodology is characterized by a field study, made by a qualitative and quantitative approach. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied to a group of 69 farmers. The results show that rural producers use social networks in a commercial way, however, they are unaware of how much this form of marketing contributes to monthly income. The study presents the online market as a future alternative for marketing the production, given that farmers point out that the number of people looking for products through social networks and messaging applications has grown. However, they contrast that do not have enough stock to meet the growing demand, but this can be adjusted according to the need. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to broaden the understanding of the supply of fruit and vegetables through a study of the markets in Santa Maria/Rio Grande do Sul in which the main criteria adopted in the analysis are: types of producer, the different marketing channels and the characteristics of the market used. In Ninety-one growers in Santa Maria/RS were approached, it was found that 50.5% of producers are Small Commodity Producers, 39.5% Simple Commodity Producers and 11% Capitalist Commodity Producers. There is a tendency for markets supported by zero-level channels, with chains hortening, especially Farmers Markets, which accessed by 72% of producers. In 49% of cases, only one marketing channel is explored, in 32%, two, in 16%, three, and only 2% use four channels. Proximity Markets (PM) are most of ten employed by producers, followed by Local and Territorial Markets (MLT), while Conventional Markets (MC) have more limited number of producers involved. We suggest a new producer category, the Rentier Producer, as well as we point out that greater producer autonomy will depend on access to more marketing channels and on a greater control for appropriation of the generated value. Although there are diverse channels where farmers from Santa Maria/RS are inserted, there is greater dependence on MP and MLT, demonstrating how the analyzed production chain is restricted to the local context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este trabalho tem por desiderato realizar uma análise comparativa, no plano constitucional e infraconstitucional, entre a legislação brasileira e argentina no que concerne ao instituo das férias e verificar as principais similitudes e distinções entre as leis estudadas, com vistas a verificar se as alterações promovidas pela reforma trabalhista nas férias do trabalhador brasileiro são, ou não, desfavoráveis à luz de um ordenamento alienígena. É apontado que a legislação brasileira, mesmo após a sua mudança, a despeito do fracionamento poder gerar uma redução do tempo de desconexão do trabalho, é mais favorável do que a legislação do país vizinho, concluindo, ainda, que, neste aspecto, o parcelamento das férias, da formacomo proposta, não ofende a Constituição Federal Brasileira nem a Convenção nº 132 da OIT.

This paper presents an analysis of the effects of bargaining in agricultural markets, specifically the cattle market, based on a theoretical and empirical analysis method. Using primary and secondary data, and theories of cooperative games, through Nash's solution and Rubinstein's theorem, in order to evidence the inequality that can occur in negotiations at agricultural fairs. The results show an inequality between the possible prices between buyer and seller, as also the work diagnosed, through the theories, that for matching the corresponding price with a situation of equality in the bargaining power, it would be necessary a virtual easing of the point of disagreement of the buyer, so in comparison with the model of the Nash solution there would be a difference in bargaining power unfavorable to the seller. The results also show a difference in the seller's patience soon confirming also the existence of disadvantage for the seller during the commercializations by the model of Rubinstein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El análisis socioeconómico del proceso de urbanización nos introduce en la tarea de comprender aquellas relaciones que existen entre la modernización y el uso corporativo del territorio en diferentes escalas. La manifestación de esas relaciones se hace presente en las ciudades, donde los circuitos económicos se integran en la economía urbana en una superposición de actividades y actores sociales que intervienen en las distintas etapas de la producción, con diferente grado de integración de capital, tecnología e influencia en los resortes del Estado. En este trabajo se analizó la manifestación espacial de diferentes actividades: la industria de la construcción, en la que se relacionan el circuito superior e inferior de la economía y convoca a un número importante de actores; la actividad de recolección informal de residuos que se origina en las carencias sociales y se eslabona con la industria a la que le aporta insumos y las ferias comerciales internadas o multipunto que se han multiplicado en los últimos años. Estas actividades pueden ser analizadas en el marco de la teoría de los Circuitos de la Economía Urbana expuesta por Milton Santos, base sobre la que se realizó este trabajo.

Copyright of Realidad Economica is the property of Realidad Economica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article is a reflection on the imaginaries and practices of public space. The Rosario's Fiesta de Colectividades allows reconstructing the agents and the figurations that imagine the public space in the terms of a duality. The first figuration is based on an imaginary of closure, linked to design and gubernamentality, imagines the public space as a meeting place for equals and privileges uniformity through regulations and security devices. The second is based on an imaginary of openness and difference that promotes the production of events and multiplicities. This work analyzed the encounter, the frictions, the conflicts and the assimilations of these two figurations produced by the design and the uses of public spaces in the intermediate territory that constitutes the Fiesta de Colectividades. Through an argument that combines the theoretical debate, a hermeneutics of the official and journalistic discursive on the public space and an ethnographic approach to the collective fair, the article explore the processes of securitization and commodification, the expression of social relations in the exhibitions spaces and the imaginary and practices of consensus and dissidence projected on the public space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Durante el reinado de Carlos V se produjo un importante aumento de la deuda flotante y de la presencia de grupos financieros castellanos e internacionales como proveedores de crédito a favor de la corona. El presente artículo analiza el más importante de los asientos firmados durante aquella etapa, que denominamos como “gran asiento” de 1532. A partir de esta operación nos adentramos en las estructuras de gasto de la monarquía, en el funcionamiento de las tesorerías de Baeza y Zuazola y en el funcionamiento de las ferias financieras castellana durante la década de los treinta del siglo XVI.