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BACKGROUND: Psilocybin Therapy (PT) is being increasingly studied as a psychiatric intervention. Personality relates to mental health and can be used to probe the nature of PTs therapeutic action. METHODS: In a phase 2, double-blind, randomized, active comparator controlled trial involving patients with moderate-to-severe major depressive disorder, we compared psilocybin with escitalopram, over a core 6-week trial period. Five-Factor model personality domains, Big Five Aspect Scale Openness aspects, Absorption, and Impulsivity were measured at Baseline, Week 6, and Month 6 follow-up. RESULTS: PT was associated with decreases in neuroticism (B = -0.63), introversion (B = -0.38), disagreeableness (B = -0.47), impulsivity (B = -0.40), and increases in absorption (B = 0.32), conscientiousness (B = 0.30), and openness (B = 0.23) at week 6, with neuroticism (B = -0.47) and disagreeableness (B = -0.41) remaining decreased at month 6. Escitalopram Treatment (ET) was associated with decreases in neuroticism (B = -0.38), disagreeableness (B = -0.26), impulsivity (B = -0.35), and increases in openness (B = 0.28) at week 6, with neuroticism (B = -0.46) remaining decreased at month 6. No significant between-condition differences were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Personality changes across both conditions were in a direction consistent with improved mental health. With the possible exception of trait absorption, there were no compelling between-condition differences warranting conclusions regarding a selective action of PT (v. ET) on personality; however, post-ET changes in personality were significantly moderated by pre-trial positive expectancy for escitalopram, whereas expectancy did not moderate response to PT.

People differ in the way they respond to perceived immoral or illegal activities within their organization. One possible response in such situations is whistleblowing. Empirical research, however, shows that many individuals who observe questionable organizational practices refrain from blowing the whistle. Although previous studies have identified certain personality traits that may predict whistleblowing, we currently lack a thorough theoretical understanding of the dispositional basis of whistleblowing. To close this gap, we (1) organize the whistleblowing decision along four phases, (2) identify situational characteristics present in each of these phases, and (3) derive hypotheses regarding the effects of broad personality dimensions (i.e., Big Five/FFM and HEXACO dimensions) and narrow personality traits on whistleblowing based on these situational characteristics. We hope that this framework contributes to a more holistic understanding of how personality shapes the whistleblowing decision-making process and stimulates systematic research on the nexus of personality and whistleblowing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extensive investigation into criminal careers, coupled with the growing consensus around the Five-Factor Model of personality traits, has reaffirmed the significance of personality assessments as reliable indicators of criminal behaviour. Several research studies on specialised groups have determined that agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and extraversion are associated with criminal behaviour. This study examines the relationship between the probability of committing a crime and various personality qualities, including Agreeableness, Extraversion, Conscientiousness, Openness, Neuroticism, and demographic variables associated with crime criminologists. The data was obtained by surveying 916 ordinary people and detainees in Vietnam. For the detainees, participants must be older than 18 years old, have been convicted of the crime of aggravated murder, and have followed at least five years of education. While ordinary people also must be older than 18 years old and do not have a history of crime records. The findings show that there is a different correlation between each personality trait and the probability of committing a crime. Besides, demographic factors also play a relatively insignificant impact in predicting criminal behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When organizations or managers utilize personality assessments for their workers, it is crucial to consider not only personality profiles but also the interaction between these profiles and the psychosocial environmental factors in the workplace. The present study aimed to examine the moderating effects of the five-factor model (FFM) of personality traits on the relationship between job demands/resources and work engagement (WE). A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between November and December 2022, targeting full-time workers in Japan. Data were collected from 1500 participants (757 men and 743 women). The survey included demographic variables, job demands and resources (job control, supervisor, and coworker support), WE, and the FFM. The primary statistical analysis was hierarchical regression analysis, which tested the interactions between job demands/resources and each personality trait. Four significant interactions were found: job demands and neuroticism, control and neuroticism, control and conscientiousness, and supervisor support and extraversion. High conscientiousness was associated with higher WE when job control was abundant. Moreover, low levels of both neuroticism and extraversion were linked to higher WE. The results suggest that managers can enhance WE by aligning workplace factors with employee personality traits. These insights can be applied to organizational staffing decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Big five and dark triad personality traits are likely to influence the perceived quality of the parent-child relationship, as they can impact the behavior of family members and parenting styles. The main objective of this study was to analyze how adult children's and parents' personality traits affect the perceived quality of the parent-child relationship within dyadic interactions. The results revealed that parents' agreeableness and psychopathy had positive or negative effects on children's positive behaviors and feelings toward their parents, respectively. Moreover, mothers' and fathers' positive behaviors and feelings toward their children were positively or negatively associated, respectively, with children's conscientiousness and psychopathy. Furthermore, network analyses demonstrated that the impact of parents' emotional stability and psychopathy on children's perceived quality of the parent-child relationship varied depending on the gender of the parents. Thus, the relationship between personality traits and the perceived quality of the parent-child relationship is influenced by family roles, revealing a complex and variable structure in different dyadic family relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The rapid advancement of digital technology has not only affected the world of work but also students' learning. Digital learning competence (DLC) is one of the essential skills students need for effective learning in a digital environment. Despite the significant presence of secondary vocational school students in China, constituting one-third of the high school demographic, research on their digital learning needs remains sparse. Addressing this gap, this paper attempted to propose the elements and structural model of digital learning competence for secondary vocational school students (V-DLC). A corresponding questionnaire was compiled, and an analysis was carried out with 872 valid survey data of secondary vocational school students achieved by convenient sampling. A five-factor model for the V-DLC was established through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, cross-validity, and criterion validity tests. This paper suggests that evaluating students' digital learning competence in secondary vocational schools can be achieved by considering the dimensions of cognitive processing and reading, technology use, thinking skills, activity management, and will management, combined with students' learning experiences in school and other fields. Given the global focus on digital learning competence, this framework will pave the way for empirical research on digital learning and guide the enhancement of student learning ability in vocational settings, adapting to the digital era. Furthermore, transitioning to a digitalized vocational education system is essential for preparing students for a digitally-driven workforce, aligning with modern job market demands and global trends.

After over a hundred years of research, the question whether the symptoms of schizophrenia are rather trait-like (being a relatively stable quality of individuals) or state-like (being substance to change) is still unanswered. To assess the trait and the state component in patients with acute schizophrenia, one group receiving antipsychotic treatment, the other not. Data from four phase II/III, 6-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of similar design that included patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia were pooled. In every trial, one treatment group received a third-generation antipsychotic, cariprazine, and the other group placebo. To assess symptoms of schizophrenia, the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) was applied. Further analyses were conducted using the five subscales as proposed by Wallwork and colleagues. A latent state–trait (LST) model was developed to estimate the trait and state components of the total variance of the observed scores. All symptom dimensions behaved more in a trait-like manner. The proportions of all sources of variability changed over the course of the observational period, with a bent around weeks 3 and 4. Visually inspected, no major differences were found between the two treatment groups regarding the LST structure of symptom dimensions. This high proportion of inter-individual stability may represent an inherent part of symptomatology that behaves independently from treatment status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this study was to analyse associations between the five‐factor model personality traits and locus of control of successes and failures based on the theory of social learning and to assess whether gender moderated relationships between these variables in Polish early adolescents. The following instruments were used: the Picture Based Personality Survey for Children and the Locus of Control Questionnaire. A total of 1016 students participated in the study, including 49% boys and 51% girls. Both for girls and boys, the highest correlations were found between conscientiousness and locus of control in success situations. Neuroticism correlated negatively with the two types of locus of control. A moderating effect of gender was observed between openness to experience and locus of control of successes, and it was stronger in girls than in boys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied the strategies exploiting the post-earnings announcement drift, the momentum, and the long-term return reversal in the Saudi stock market and their explanations. Using individual data for all the listed firms over the period 2010–2019, we found that these strategies are significantly profitable regardless of the formation and holding period length, and their profitability generally persists for the subperiods. Two controversial explanations for this profitability were examined using a time series approach: the risk-based rational explanation and the under- and overreaction-based behavioral explanation. We found that the profitability of the three strategies persists after controlling for risk using the Capital Asset Pricing Model, the Fama–French three-factor model, and the Fama–French five-factor model, which rejects the risk hypothesis. To examine the behavioral explanation, we extended the Fama–French five-factor model to include a factor reflecting the underreaction or the overreaction to quarterly earnings announcement based on unexpected earnings. Our findings indicate that the momentum can be explained by the market underreaction to firms' earnings announcement, while the long-term return reversal cannot be explained by the overreaction to a series of similar information conveyed by earnings announcement events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid advancement of digital technology has not only affected the world of work but also students' learning. Digital learning competence (DLC) is one of the essential skills students need for effective learning in a digital environment. Despite the significant presence of secondary vocational school students in China, constituting one-third of the high school demographic, research on their digital learning needs remains sparse. Addressing this gap, this paper attempted to propose the elements and structural model of digital learning competence for secondary vocational school students (V-DLC). A corresponding questionnaire was compiled, and an analysis was carried out with 872 valid survey data of secondary vocational school students achieved by convenient sampling. A five-factor model for the V-DLC was established through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, cross-validity, and criterion validity tests. This paper suggests that evaluating students' digital learning competence in secondary vocational schools can be achieved by considering the dimensions of cognitive processing and reading, technology use, thinking skills, activity management, and will management, combined with students' learning experiences in school and other fields. Given the global focus on digital learning competence, this framework will pave the way for empirical research on digital learning and guide the enhancement of student learning ability in vocational settings, adapting to the digital era. Furthermore, transitioning to a digitalized vocational education system is essential for preparing students for a digitally-driven workforce, aligning with modern job market demands and global trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cross-sectional factor structure of Big Five personality trait measures is a weighted blend of the factor structure at the between-person level (i.e., the level of time-invariant interpersonal personality differences) and the factor structure at the within-person level (i.e., the level of intrapersonal personality fluctuations and changes). Thus, the Big Five might not represent the underlying factors at either of the two levels. To probe this issue, I fit multilevel exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA and CFA) models to longitudinal data from the Netherlands and Australia (N = 15,085 and 22,582, respectively). In both data sets, the canonical Big Five emerged at the between- but not at the within-person level. At the within-person level, a two-factor structure appeared to be most suitable. Factor 1 indicated positive attitudes towards the self. Factor 2 indicated neuroticism or negative attitudes towards the self. The two factors might reflect short-term fluctuations in positive and negative affect rather than long-lasting personality changes. The findings are tentative due to methodological limitations. We need more research on the within-person factor structure of personality trait measures to clarify what fluctuations and changes they assess and whether we need to revise the way we measure and analyze trait changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have revived the issue of whether the five-factor personality model or Big Five is the most valid to summarize the most relevant personality traits or whether, on the contrary, the basic structure of personality traits would better fit a six-factor model such as the HEXACO model: Honesty–Humility (H), Emotionality (E), Extraversion (X), Agreeableness (A), Conscientiousness (C), and Openness to Experience (O). In a Spanish community sample of 682 adults, the factorial structure of the 30 facets of the NEO-Revised Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) and its 16 facets common to the HEXACO model was analyzed. In two subsamples of participants, the internal structure of the NEO PI-R, of 30 and 16 facets, fit the five-factor Big Five model better than the six-factor HEXACO model. In addition, the internal 30-facet structure of the NEO-PI-R replicated that obtained in the original US validation and those previously obtained in Spain, although the latter used different participant samples (people evaluated in personnel selection processes, university students). These results suggest that, at least in Spain, the five-factor personality model or Big Five is still the most valid taxonomy of personality traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to examine Jordanian pre-service science teachers' perceptions of their mentoring experience using the five-factor model of mentoring (personal attributes, system requirements, pedagogical knowledge, modeling, and feedback). This study uses a descriptive survey research design, and the Arabic version of the validated Mentoring for Effective Primary Science Teaching (MEPST) survey was administered electronically to collect responses from 49 participants. The data was summarized using descriptive statistics, and t-tests were conducted to test for significant differences in the perceived mentoring experiences between male and female Jordanian pre-service science teachers. The study supports efforts to validate the Arabic version of the MEPST survey. The means of the participants' perceptions of mentoring were relatively high, greater than four on a five-point Likert scale, indicating that the pre-service teachers perceived their mentoring experience as positive based on the five factors. No statistically significant differences were found in the perceived effectiveness of the mentoring experiences between the male and female pre-service science teachers. The study findings have several practical implications and suggest ed directions for future research. Researchers are encouraged to investigate mentors' perceptions and practices related to effective mentoring, and research on identifying and understanding school factors that may influence the effectiveness of mentoring in schools is also needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: China's stock market, which serves as an example of emerging markets, is steadily maturing in the context of globalization. In order to analyze the pricing mechanism of China's stock market, this paper builds a six-factor model to address the market features that are structurally efficient but not entirely efficient. Design/methodology/approach: This study updates the Fama–French factor model's construction process to account for the unique features of China's stock market before creating a model that incorporates size, volume, value, profitability, and profit-income factors based on institutional investors' trading behavior and research preferences. The SWS three-tier sector stock index's monthly and quarterly data for the years 2016–2021 are used as samples for this study. Findings: The results imply that China's stock market is structurally efficient and exhibits high levels of rationality in the region dominated by institutional investors. Specifically, big-size and high-volume portfolios that perform well in terms of liquidity can receive trading premiums. Growth-style sectors prevail at present, and investing in sectors with strong profitability and reliable financial reporting data can produce better returns. Practical implications: The research on China's stock market can be extended to improve the understanding of the development process of similar emerging markets, thereby promoting their improvement. To enhance the development of emerging markets, the regulators should attach great importance to the role of local institutional investors in driving the market to maturity. It is crucial to adopt a structured approach to examine the market pricing mechanism throughout the middle stage of the transition from developing to mature markets. Originality/value: This study offers a structured viewpoint on asset pricing in growing emerging markets by combining the multi-factor pricing model approach with behavioral finance theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to thoroughly understand the concept of emotional selfregulation (ESR) and its relationship with personality. Through an interdisciplinary dialogue between psychology and philosophy--specifically, the anthropology of Thomas Aquinas--three realities are proposed that could be considered as ESR. The conceptual relationship between ESR--understood as operation, faculty and habit--and personality is examined, specifically using the Five-Factor Model and the virtues model. Key findings include the need for consensus on a precise definition of ESR, the central role of reason as a faculty capable of ruling over emotions, the relevance of the distinction between ESR and selfcontrol, and the understanding of ESR as a set of habits that include aspects of prudence, temperance and fortitude. Interdisciplinary dialogue seems to be a valuable intellectual approach to the advancement of the field of psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The surgeon's personality contributes to variation in surgical decision‐making. Previous work on surgeon personality has largely been reserved to Anglo‐Saxon studies, with limited international comparisons. In this work we built upon recent work on gastrointestinal surgeon personality and aimed to detect international variations. Method: Gastrointestinal surgeons from the UK and the Netherlands were invited to participate in validated personality assessments (44‐item, 60‐item Big Five Inventory; BFI). These encompass personality using five domains (open‐mindedness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and negative emotionality) with three subtraits each. Mean differences in domain factors were calculated between surgeon and nonsurgeon populations from normative data using independent‐samples t‐tests, adjusted for multiple testing. The items from the 44‐item and 60‐item BFI were compared between UK and Dutch surgeons and classified accordingly: identical (n = 16), analogous (n = 3), comparable (n = 12). Results: UK (n = 78, 61.5% male) and Dutch (n = 280, 65% male) gastrointestinal surgeons had marked differences in the domains of open‐mindedness, extraversion and agreeableness compared with national normative datasets. Moreover, although surgeons had similar levels of emotional stability, country of work influenced differences in specific BFI items. For example, Netherlands‐based surgeons scored highly on questions related to sociability and organization versus UK‐based surgeons who scored highly on creative imagination (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: In a first cross‐cultural setting, we identified country‐specific personality differences in gastrointestinal surgeon cohorts across domain and facet levels. Given the variation between Dutch and UK surgeons, understanding country‐specific data could be useful in guiding personality research in healthcare. Furthermore, we advocate that future work adopts consensus usage of the five factor model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compared borderline personality disorder (BPD) and bipolar 2 disorder (BP 2 disorder) with respect to reported childhood trauma and Five-Factor personality traits using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Participants were 50 men and women, aged 18-45, with DSM-5-diagnosed BPD and 50 men and women in the same age group with DSM-5-diagnosed BP 2 disorder. Participants could not meet criteria for both BPD and BP 2 disorder. Borderline participants had significantly higher scores on the neuroticism subscale and significantly lower scores on the agreeableness subscale of the NEO-FFI. After correction for multiple comparisons, there were no between-group differences on CTQ scores. Study results suggest that BPD and BP 2 disorder differ primarily with respect to underlying temperament/genetic architecture and that environmental factors have only a limited role in the differential etiologies of the two disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Background Method Results Conclusion This study aimed to explore the efficiency of different emotion regulation strategies, specifically reappraisal and suppression, in relation to adaptive and maladaptive personality profiles.Personality conditions emotions and influences emotion regulation. Of the available regulation strategies, reappraisal (reinterpreting the situation) is described as an efficient strategy, whereas suppression (not displaying the experienced emotion) carries higher physiological and cognitive costs. Little is known, however, about the influence of personality on these efficiencies.We tested the personality structure of 102 participants (Meanage = 20.75, SDage = 2.15), based on the Five‐Factor Model and the Maladaptive Personality Trait Model. Experience, expressivity, and physiological arousal were recorded during the viewing of emotionally charged positive and negative images while participants reappraised, suppressed, or viewed the images without regulating their emotions.We identified two clusters for adaptive personality (“Adaptive Resilient” and “Anti‐resilient”) and two for maladaptive personality (“Maladaptive Resilient” and “Under‐controlled”). The major finding was for emotional experience in maladaptive personalities, where reappraisal was efficient in the Maladaptive Resilient profile, while none of the strategies brought relief in the Under‐controlled profile.This study, which systematically contrasts personality and efficiency of emotion regulation strategies, is one of the first attempts to refine the understanding of how personality influences the emotional regulation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine the association between personality traits, defined by the Five-Factor Model, and the initiation and termination of physical activity across adulthood. Longitudinal analysis of participants from nine samples (N > 28,000). Physical activity status at follow-up. A random-effect meta-analysis revealed that higher conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness were related to a higher likelihood of initiation of physical activity over time among individuals who were physically inactive at baseline and to a lower risk of termination of physical activity among those who were physically active at baseline. In contrast, higher neuroticism was associated with a lower probability of initiation of physical activity and a higher likelihood of termination over time. Although not hypothesised, agreeableness was also associated with better physical activity outcomes over time. This study provides the largest and the longest evidence of a replicable association between personality and change in physical activity status. Personality may motivate both the initiation and termination of physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is little and heterogeneous knowledge on the links between the temperamental predispositions of psychopathology and the contemporary dimensional models of psychopathology, such as the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) classification system, which can be aligned with the five-factor model (FFM) of personality. This meta-analysis seeks to expand the temperamental theoretical basis of the HiTOP model by incorporating associations of temperament traits of two temperamental theories measured, respectively, by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A) with (a) the FFM's personality domains and (b) HiTOP's five psychopathological spectra. Methods: A systematic search was done on Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, Cochrane Database, and Google Scholar for all articles published in English from January 1990 to August 2020. Because of heterogeneity in the results of almost 70% of studies, pooled estimates of correlation coefficients were calculated using the random-effects method. Risk of bias (low-quality studies) and publication bias are reported. Results: The pooled correlations obtained from the analysis of 35 studies showed that the temperamental profile associated with each FFM domain and HiTOP spectra is distinct. Specifically, TCI-harm avoidance (HA) and all TEMPS temperaments were more strongly related to neuroticism/internalizing, extraversion/low detachment, and conscientiousness/disinhibition. In contrast, TCI-novelty seeking was more strongly related to both disinhibited/antagonistic externalizing and thought disorder. Conclusions: A large body of research supports maladaptive variants of all FFM domains and some psychopathological spectra of HiTOP related to the abnormal-range temperaments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to address the lack of research on hotel employee resilience during a crisis (HERC) and the absence of a measurement scale to assess it. A mixed-method approach was used to conceptualize HERC, identify its dimensions, and build a measurement scale. In Study 1, an online survey of 69 employees from upscale hotels was conducted, revealing a five-factor HERC model comprising resistance, adaptability, cooperation, restoration, and thriving. Study 2 developed preliminary measurement items for HERC, which were refined through exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Study 3 conducted another round of surveys and used a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to verify the factors generated from the second study. This research provides a comprehensive five-factor model of employee resilience during a crisis and a corresponding measurement scale, offering a theoretical foundation for hotel managers to develop effective strategies to manage crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the value of third-party ratings of personality in investor pitches for predicting the investment intention and successful equity crowdfunding of U.S.-based startups. Based on 1175 ratings of 100 randomly selected investor pitch videos, we find that not only do investors' impressions of entrepreneurs Big Five personality traits predict investment intention but that several of these also predict entrepreneurs' actual crowdfunding success (particularly: openness, conscientiousness and extraversion). The study contributes to our knowledge of the links between (perceived) individual-level traits of the entrepreneur and their ability to finance a venture, a key challenge in the early stages of startups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When organizations or managers utilize personality assessments for their workers, it is crucial to consider not only personality profiles but also the interaction between these profiles and the psychosocial environmental factors in the workplace. The present study aimed to examine the moderating effects of the five-factor model (FFM) of personality traits on the relationship between job demands/resources and work engagement (WE). A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between November and December 2022, targeting full-time workers in Japan. Data were collected from 1500 participants (757 men and 743 women). The survey included demographic variables, job demands and resources (job control, supervisor, and coworker support), WE, and the FFM. The primary statistical analysis was hierarchical regression analysis, which tested the interactions between job demands/resources and each personality trait. Four significant interactions were found: job demands and neuroticism, control and neuroticism, control and conscientiousness, and supervisor support and extraversion. High conscientiousness was associated with higher WE when job control was abundant. Moreover, low levels of both neuroticism and extraversion were linked to higher WE. The results suggest that managers can enhance WE by aligning workplace factors with employee personality traits. These insights can be applied to organizational staffing decisions.

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The need for recovery after work (NFR) is an important warning of work-related fatigue. NFR is linked to prolonged work-related efforts and depletion of resources, creating a need for temporary respite from work demands. The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationships between NFR and the five-factor model (FFM), comprising the personality traits of emotional stability (ES), extraversion (E), agreeableness (A), conscientiousness (C), and openness to experience (O). Perceived job pressure and perceived social support were included as mediators. The study was conducted using structural equation modelling (SEM) on cross-sectional data from a sample of 681 participants from several work sectors (N females = 376, N males = 305; M age = 46.9 years; SD = 11.1). The results showed that NFR was affected both directly and indirectly by FFM traits. High ES and high O contributed directly to reduced and increased NFR, respectively. High perceived social support contributed to reduced NFR, while high perceived job pressure contributed to increased NFR. High ES contributed indirectly to reduced NFR through perceived job pressure and social support, high O contributed indirectly to increased NFR through perceived social support, and high E contributed indirectly to increased NFR through perceived job pressure. A and C were not related to NFR. The findings demonstrate that personality traits, especially ES, are firmly related to NFR and highlight the importance of incorporating personality factors into studies of work environmental factors on NFR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: A barrier to seeking mental health care is treatment stigma, a form of stigma associated with seeking/receiving mental health treatment. Prior research has also demonstrated relationships between five‐factor model personality traits and treatment‐seeking attitudes. However, findings in this area are mixed and research has tended not to include assessments of maladaptive personality traits outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Fifth Edition Section III: Emerging Measures and Models. The present study sought to examine relationships between maladaptive personality traits, treatment stigma, and treatment‐seeking attitudes and behavior in an adult sample. Methods: Participants (N = 500) completed a series of questionnaires assessing current and past mental health treatment‐seeking behaviors, treatment stigma, attitudes toward treatment seeking, and maldaptive personality traits. Results: Results revealed all five maladaptive personality traits were positively associated with increased treatment stigma, and in models controlling for the shared variance across maladaptive personality traits, negative affect, antagonism, psychoticism, and stigma exhibited unique associations with one's perceived value and need of mental health treatment, whereas negative affect, detachment, and stigma were uniquely associated with openness to seeking mental health treatment for emotional problems. While the five maladaptive personality traits were associated with a history of treatment‐seeking behaviors at the bivariate level and after controlling for stigma, only negative affect was uniquely associated with treatment‐seeking behaviors in a model including all five personality trait domains. Exploratory moderation analyses revealed associations between stigma and openness to seeking treatment varied as a function of maladaptive personality traits. Conclusions: This study extends prior research on the role of personality traits in understanding treatment‐seeking attitudes and behaviors and may have clinical implications for the use of maladaptive personality trait screeners in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: The software engineering researchers and practitioners echoed the need for investigations to better understand the engineers developing software and services. In light of current studies, there are significant associations between the personalities of software engineers and their work preferences. However, limited studies are using psychometric measurements in software engineering. Objective: We aim to evaluate attitudes of early‐stage software engineers and investigate link between their personalities and work preferences. Method: We collected extensive psychometric data from 303 graduate‐level students in Computer Science programs at four Pakistani and one Swedish university using Five‐Factor Model. The statistical analysis investigated associations between various personality traits and work preferences. Results: The data support the existence of two clusters of software engineers, one of which is more highly rated across the board. Numerous correlations exist between personality qualities and the preferred types of employment for software developers. For instance, those who exhibit greater levels of emotional stability, agreeableness, extroversion, and conscientiousness like working on technical activities on a set timetable. Similar relationships between personalities and occupational choices are also evident in the earlier studies. More neuroticism is reported in female respondents than in male respondents. Higher intelligence was demonstrated by those who worked on the "entire development process" and "technical components of the project." Conclusion: When assigning project tasks to software engineers, managers might use the statistically significant relationships that emerged from the analysis of personality attributes. It would be beneficial to construct effective teams by taking personality factors like extraversion and agreeableness into consideration. The study techniques and analytical tools we use may identify subtle relationships and reflect distinctions across various groups and populations, making them valuable resources for both future academic research and industrial practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is increasing interest in understanding personality disorders (PDs) from the five-factor model. Miller et al. (2005) and Costa and McCrae (2005) proposed two sets of scales based on the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO PI-R) facets to assess DSM-5 PDs. There are Spanish norms for the scales of Miller et al. (2005) based on personnel selection samples, but they are not appropriate for contexts with low social desirability. Normative, reliability, and convergent/discriminant validity data are presented for both sets of scales with volunteers from the general Spanish population (N=682). The internal consistency and convergent/discriminant validity indices were excellent or good for all scales, especially for those of Miller et al. (2005). The differences between the sample of volunteers and that of personnel selection (d= 0.61) and between males and females (d= 0.34-0.38) justify the development of norms for the two sets of PD scales for situations of low social desirability and separate for males and females. Their usefulness in different contexts is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports the psychometric characteristics of a Portuguese form of the 40-item Big Five Mini-Markers, relying upon a cross-sectional design with a sample of 673 Portuguese undergraduates from a Portuguese public university. Results supported the five-factor structure of the translated version and the internal consistency levels of the sub-scales were equivalent to the original version. However, nine items were identified as problematic and dropped from the analysis, due to low component loadings or relatively high cross-loadings. Further evidence from the remaining 31 items supported this instrument's incremental validity for predicting students' self-handicapping behaviours over previous academic achievement. Key implications for further research with the Portuguese version of this instrument are briefly presented and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The conceptualization of negative symptoms (NS) in schizophrenia is still controversial. Recent confirmatory factor-analytic studies suggested that the bi-dimensional model (motivational deficit [MAP] and expressive deficit [EXP]) may not capture the complexity of NS structure, which could be better defined by a five-factor (five NS domains) or a hierarchical model (five NS domains as first-order factors, and MAP and EXP, as second-order factors). A validation of these models is needed to define the structure of NS. To evaluate the validity and temporal stability of the five-factor or the hierarchical structure of the brief negative symptom scale (BNSS) in individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ), exploring associations between these models with cognition, social cognition, functional capacity, and functioning at baseline and at 4 years follow-up. Methods. Clinical variables were assessed using state-of-the-art tools in 612 SCZ at two-time points. The validity of the five-factor and the hierarchical models was analyzed through structural equation models. Results. The two models had both a good fit and showed a similar pattern of associations with external validators at the two-time points, with minor variations. The five-factor solution had a slightly better fit. The associations with external validators favored the five-factor structure. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that both five-factor and hierarchical models provide a valid conceptualization of NS in relation to external variables and that five-factor solution provides the best balance between parsimony and granularity to summarize the BNSS structure. This finding has important implications for the study of pathophysiological mechanisms and the development of new treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some aspects of family law have become contentious and polarized, such as when children resist or refuse a relationship with a parent. There are several possible causes of contact refusal, one of which is parental alienation. Garber and Simon recently published an article highly critical of the Five-Factor Model (FFM), a method for identifying parental alienation. They promote the Ecological Model (EM), a method for assessing the possible causes of contact refusal. It is our contention that the article by Garber and Simon is flawed because they misunderstand the FFM. Moreover, it is illogical to compare the EM with the FFM and say one of them is superior. It is illogical because these two distinct constructs have different scopes of interest, i.e., the broad differential diagnosis of contact refusal in the EM vs. the narrow list of criteria for the identification of parental alienation in the FFM. Even though Garber and Simon acknowledge the value of the FFM several times, they create controversy and polarization with a gigantic straw person argument: they are assigning a task to the FFM that is not part of its job description – to identify all the potential causes of contact refusal – and then they complain that the FFM has poor job performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to thoroughly understand the concept of emotional self-regulation (ESR) and its relationship with personality. Through an interdisciplinary dialogue between psychology and philosophy—specifically, the anthropology of Thomas Aquinas—three realities are proposed that could be considered as ESR. The conceptual relationship between ESR—understood as operation, faculty and habit—and personality is examined, specifically using the Five-Factor Model and the virtues model. Key findings include the need for consensus on a precise definition of ESR, the central role of reason as a faculty capable of ruling over emotions, the relevance of the distinction between ESR and self-control, and the understanding of ESR as a set of habits that include aspects of prudence, temperance and fortitude. Interdisciplinary dialogue seems to be a valuable intellectual approach to the advancement of the field of psychology.

ObjectiveThe DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorders distinguishes core personality dysfunction common to all personality pathology from maladaptive traits that delineate specific variants of disorder. Previous research shows the convergence between maladaptive and normal range trait domains as well as substantial correlations between maladaptive traits and core dysfunctions, leading some to conclude that personality traits and dysfunction are redundant. This study sought to examine the potential utility of the concept of core dysfunctions as a means of clarifying the nature of the relationship between maladaptive and normal-range traits.MethodThree nonclinical samples (n = 178, 307, and 1,008) were evaluated for personality dysfunction, maladaptive traits, and normal-range traits using different measures.ResultsResults indicated that: (1) normal trait domains and core dysfunction contribute independently to understanding maladaptive traits; (2) the correlation of a normal trait domain with its putative maladaptive equivalent is consistently accounted for in part by core dysfunction; and (3) the multitrait multimethod matrices of normal and maladaptive personality trait domains demonstrate appreciable discriminant validity problems that are clarified by a consideration of core dysfunction.ConclusionThese results suggest that maladaptive traits reflect the distinguishable contributions of core personality dysfunction (problems) and normal-range personality traits (person).

This study explores the intriguing relationship between personality traits, self-rated fitness (SRF), and physical activity (PA) variables among German university students (N = 4244) and sheds light on the impact of personality on adherence to PA guidelines. Employing an online cross-sectional study, the short-form of the Big Five Inventory-2 assessed five domains of personality traits (Extraversion, Negative Emotionality, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Open-Mindedness). PA, including sitting time, was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (short-form). SRF and muscle-strengthening activities (MSA) were assessed with one item each. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses examined associations of individual personality trait domains and all domains combined with SFR, PA variables, and adherence to PA guidelines, controlling for sociodemographic, behavioral, and (mental) health covariates. Most reliably, Extraversion and Conscientiousness revealed positive associations with PA variables, while Negative Emotionality yielded inverse relationships with PA variables. For instance, each unit increase in Extraversion corresponded to an additional 17 min of weekly MSA. On the contrary, daily sitting time was unrelated to personality. Of note, high Open-Mindedness was associated with lower odds for adhering to current PA guidelines. The findings have implications for developing targeted interventions that promote a physically active lifestyle and support students’ well-being and academic success.

Abstract Background The conceptualization of negative symptoms (NS) in schizophrenia is still controversial. Recent confirmatory factor-analytic studies suggested that the bi-dimensional model (motivational deficit [MAP] and expressive deficit [EXP]) may not capture the complexity of NS structure, which could be better defined by a five-factor (five NS domains) or a hierarchical model (five NS domains as first-order factors, and MAP and EXP, as second-order factors). A validation of these models is needed to define the structure of NS. To evaluate the validity and temporal stability of the five-factor or the hierarchical structure of the brief negative symptom scale (BNSS) in individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ), exploring associations between these models with cognition, social cognition, functional capacity, and functioning at baseline and at 4 years follow-up. Methods Clinical variables were assessed using state-of-the-art tools in 612 SCZ at two-time points. The validity of the five-factor and the hierarchical models was analyzed through structural equation models. Results The two models had both a good fit and showed a similar pattern of associations with external validators at the two-time points, with minor variations. The five-factor solution had a slightly better fit. The associations with external validators favored the five-factor structure. Conclusions Our findings suggest that both five-factor and hierarchical models provide a valid conceptualization of NS in relation to external variables and that five-factor solution provides the best balance between parsimony and granularity to summarize the BNSS structure. This finding has important implications for the study of pathophysiological mechanisms and the development of new treatments.

The triarchic model of psychopathy conceptualizes psychopathy as underlain by three distinct trait domains: Boldness, Meanness, and Disinhibition. In addition to the original Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM), several alternative measures of the TriPM have been developed from existing personality inventories, including the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised, which assesses five-factor model traits. Although proponents of the TriPM have suggested that the FFM domains require reconfiguration to capture the content of the triarchic domains, others have argued that the Boldness, Meanness, and Disinhibition are well-captured by traditional FFM domains. The goal of this paper is to examine the convergence between the triarchic and FFM domains, and to evaluate the extent to which reconfiguring the domains provides additional incremental variance in psychopathy-related outcomes. In the present study, 431 participants completed several measures via Amazon Mechanical Turk, including the TriPM, its alternative scales, measures of the FFM, and criterion scales related to psychopathy. Consistent with previous research, findings indicate strong convergence between Meanness and low Agreeableness, Disinhibition and low Conscientiousness, and Boldness and a composite score of low Neuroticism and high Extraversion. Reconfigured domains did not appear to add significant incremental variance to psychopathy-related outcomes when compared to the traditional FFM domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The intricate link between personality traits and academic burnout was explored through a comprehensive search across multiple databases like ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, and PsycINFO. This review primarily delves into the Five-Factor Model of personality to illuminate the complexities of academic burnout. Method: At the outset, an exhaustive search strategy yielded a remarkable 2,230 papers. Subsequently, following meticulous selection criteria, 40 studies underwent systematic analysis. The culmination of this process affirmed the association between specific personality traits and academic burnout. Findings: Review articles indicated that elevated neuroticism levels correlated with heightened academic burnout, while decreased levels of Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, and Openness were also linked to increased burnout levels. These findings underscore the intricate nature of academic burnout, suggesting that specific combinations of personality traits can significantly influence its occurrence. Implications for Research and Practice: These findings carry substantial implications for the academic domain, emphasizing the imperative for educational institutions and policymakers to recognize the influence of personality in formulating strategies to mitigate burnout among academics. Interventions targeting specific personality dimensions hold promise for effective intervention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the risk–return spectrum of investment for going green and sustainability practice in India. This article analyses three sustainability focused index from Indian equity market viz. S&P BSE GREENEX, S&P BSE CARBONEX and S&P BSE ESG 100. Statistical and financial rates, ratios and latest five‐factor model of asset pricing are used for the said purpose. ESG 100 index turned out to be outperformer whereas the other two gave slightly less return than the market benchmark. Volatility is found to be similar to that of the market for all the indexes. Significant increment of wealth of green investors during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic period is another notable finding of the study. Results of this article indicate that investors are getting more return compared to market if they invest in stocks that perform well in sustainability criterion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: Extensive work in personality neuroscience has shown mixed results in the ability to localize reliable relationships between personality traits and neuroimaging measures. However, recent work in translational neuroimaging has recognized that multifaceted psychological dispositions are not represented in discrete, highly localized brain areas. As such, standard univariate neuroimaging analyses may not be well‐suited for capturing broad personality traits supported by distributed networks. Method: The present study uses an out‐of‐sample predictive modeling approach to identify multivariate signatures of Big Five personality traits within the structural integrity of white matter pathways using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. In Study 1 (N = 491), we trained a ridge regression model to predict each of the Big Five traits and tested these models in an independent hold‐out subsample. Results: We found that models for both Neuroticism and Openness were significantly related to predictive accuracy in the hold‐out sample. Study 2 (N = 108) applied Study 1's predictive models to an independent set of data collected on a different scanner and using a different Big Five scale. Here, we found that the model for Neuroticism remained a significant predictor of individual difference. Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence that this white matter signature of Neuroticism generalizes across differences in measurement and samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental health practitioners (MHPs) need a reliable assessment tool for parental alienation (PA). This study assesses the reliability of the Five-Factor Model (FFM) asserted to test for PA. The FFM contains five criteria; Yes, responses to each of the five criterion is asserted to indicate PA is occurring. Six vignettes were presented to respondents, who provided a response for each of the five criteria. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient indicated reliability with an average of 0.923 for all vignettes. The Cronbach Alpha values indicate consistency, with an average of 0.926. FFM was determined to be a reliable assessment tool for PA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]