12 results on '"floral enhancements"'
Search Results
2. The effectiveness of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control, pollination services and crop yield: a quantitative synthesis
- Author
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Albrecht, Matthias, Kleijn, David, Williams, Neal M, Tschumi, Matthias, Blaauw, Brett R, Bommarco, Riccardo, Campbell, Alistair J, Dainese, Matteo, Drummond, Francis A, Entling, Martin H, Ganser, Dominik, de Groot, G Arjen, Goulson, Dave, Grab, Heather, Hamilton, Hannah, Herzog, Felix, Isaacs, Rufus, Jacot, Katja, Jeanneret, Philippe, Jonsson, Mattias, Knop, Eva, Kremen, Claire, Landis, Douglas A, Loeb, Gregory M, Marini, Lorenzo, McKerchar, Megan, Morandin, Lora, Pfister, Sonja C, Potts, Simon G, Rundlöf, Sardiñas, Hillary, Sciligo, Amber, Thies, Carsten, Tscharntke, Teja, Venturini, Eric, Veromann, Eve, Vollhardt, Ines MG, Wäckers, Felix, Ward, Kimiora, Westbury, Duncan B, Wilby, Andrew, Woltz, Megan, Wratten, Steve, and Sutter, Louis
- Subjects
Ecological Applications ,Biological Sciences ,Ecology ,Environmental Management ,Environmental Sciences ,Zero Hunger ,Agriculture ,Bees ,Biodiversity ,Ecosystem ,Europe ,Flowers ,New Zealand ,North America ,Pest Control ,Pollination ,Agroecology ,agri-environment schemes ,bee pollinators ,conservation biological control ,ecological intensification ,farmland biodiversity ,floral enhancements ,natural pest regulation ,pollination reservoirs ,sustainable agriculture ,wildflower strips ,Evolutionary Biology ,Ecological applications ,Environmental management - Abstract
Floral plantings are promoted to foster ecological intensification of agriculture through provisioning of ecosystem services. However, a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of different floral plantings, their characteristics and consequences for crop yield is lacking. Here we quantified the impacts of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control (18 studies) and pollination services (17 studies) in adjacent crops in North America, Europe and New Zealand. Flower strips, but not hedgerows, enhanced pest control services in adjacent fields by 16% on average. However, effects on crop pollination and yield were more variable. Our synthesis identifies several important drivers of variability in effectiveness of plantings: pollination services declined exponentially with distance from plantings, and perennial and older flower strips with higher flowering plant diversity enhanced pollination more effectively. These findings provide promising pathways to optimise floral plantings to more effectively contribute to ecosystem service delivery and ecological intensification of agriculture in the future.
- Published
- 2020
3. Proximity to wildflower strips did not boost crop pollination on small, diversified farms harboring diverse wild bees
- Author
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Casey M. Delphia, Kevin M. O'Neill, and Laura A. Burkle
- Subjects
Agroecosystem ,Competition for pollinators ,Distance effects ,Floral enhancements ,Habitat management ,Hedgerows ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
The yield of many agricultural crops depends on pollination services provided by wild and managed bees, many of which are experiencing declines due to factors such as reductions in floral resources. Thus, improving pollinator habitat on farmlands using management strategies like planting wildflower strips is vital for wild bee conservation and sustainable crop pollination. Yet, few studies have examined whether and at what spatial scales wildflower strips enhance crop pollination and yields, and most research has been conducted in large-scale commercial agriculture. Therefore, we investigated the effects of wildflower strips on crop pollination on small, diversified farms (i.e., those growing a variety of crop species) where wild bee diversity and abundance is predicted to be comparatively high. Over three years, on four diversified farms in Montana USA, we tested the hypothesis that distance (20, 60, and 180 m) of crops from native perennial wildflower strips planted alongside crop fields affected wild bee visitation, pollination, and yields of squash and sunflower crop plants. We found that distance to wildflower strips did not affect bee visitation or pollination in crops. Squash yield was pollen-limited in the growing season prior to wildflower strip establishment, and in one of the two years after wildflower strip establishment, but proximity to wildflower strips did not influence the magnitude of pollen limitation. Sunflower seed production was not pollen-limited in any year. Our findings demonstrate that even on diverse farms with wildflower strips and a demonstrated high diversity of bees, some crops do not necessarily receive maximum pollination, regardless of distance from the wildflower strips. However, the value of wildflower strips for supporting wild bee diversity, and other ecological or economic benefits, needs consideration for a full understanding of this pollinator habitat management strategy.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Proximity to wildflower strips did not boost crop pollination on small, diversified farms harboring diverse wild bees.
- Author
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Delphia, Casey M., O'Neill, Kevin M., and Burkle, Laura A.
- Subjects
POLLINATION ,WILD flowers ,POLLINATORS ,CROPS ,POLLINATION by bees ,BEES ,SUNFLOWER seeds ,AGRICULTURAL diversification - Abstract
The yield of many agricultural crops depends on pollination services provided by wild and managed bees, many of which are experiencing declines due to factors such as reductions in floral resources. Thus, improving pollinator habitat on farmlands using management strategies like planting wildflower strips is vital for wild bee conservation and sustainable crop pollination. Yet, few studies have examined whether and at what spatial scales wildflower strips enhance crop pollination and yields, and most research has been conducted in large-scale commercial agriculture. Therefore, we investigated the effects of wildflower strips on crop pollination on small, diversified farms (i.e., those growing a variety of crop species) where wild bee diversity and abundance is predicted to be comparatively high. Over three years, on four diversified farms in Montana USA, we tested the hypothesis that distance (20, 60, and 180 m) of crops from native perennial wildflower strips planted alongside crop fields affected wild bee visitation, pollination, and yields of squash and sunflower crop plants. We found that distance to wildflower strips did not affect bee visitation or pollination in crops. Squash yield was pollen-limited in the growing season prior to wildflower strip establishment, and in one of the two years after wildflower strip establishment, but proximity to wildflower strips did not influence the magnitude of pollen limitation. Sunflower seed production was not pollen-limited in any year. Our findings demonstrate that even on diverse farms with wildflower strips and a demonstrated high diversity of bees, some crops do not necessarily receive maximum pollination, regardless of distance from the wildflower strips. However, the value of wildflower strips for supporting wild bee diversity, and other ecological or economic benefits, needs consideration for a full understanding of this pollinator habitat management strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) pollination in California's Central Valley is limited by native bee nest site location.
- Author
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Sardiñas, Hillary S, Tom, Kathleen, Ponisio, Lauren Catherine, Rominger, Andrew, and Kremen, Claire
- Subjects
Animals ,Bees ,Helianthus ,Nesting Behavior ,California ,Pollination ,Animal Distribution ,agriculture ,bee conservation ,ecosystem service provider ,floral enhancements ,fluorescent dye ,foraging ,hedgerows ,mass-flowering crops ,mobile agent-based ecosystem services ,nesting ,Ecology ,Environmental Sciences ,Biological Sciences ,Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences - Abstract
The delivery of ecosystem services by mobile organisms depends on the distribution of those organisms, which is, in turn, affected by resources at local and landscape scales. Pollinator-dependent crops rely on mobile animals like bees for crop production, and the spatial relationship between floral resources and nest location for these central-place foragers influences the delivery of pollination services. Current models that map pollination coverage in agricultural regions utilize landscape-level estimates of floral availability and nesting incidence inferred from expert opinion, rather than direct assessments. Foraging distance is often derived from proxies of bee body size, rather than direct measurements of foraging that account for behavioral responses to floral resource type and distribution. The lack of direct measurements of nesting incidence and foraging distances may lead to inaccurate mapping of pollination services. We examined the role of local-scale floral resource presence from hedgerow plantings on nest incidence of ground-nesting bees in field margins and within monoculture, conventionally managed sunflower fields in California's Central Valley. We tracked bee movement into fields using fluorescent powder. We then used these data to simulate the distribution of pollination services within a crop field. Contrary to expert opinion, we found that ground-nesting native bees nested both in fields and edges, though nesting rates declined with distance into field. Further, we detected no effect of field-margin floral enhancements on nesting. We found evidence of an exponential decay rate of bee movement into fields, indicating that foraging predominantly occurred in less than 1% of medium-sized bees' predicted typical foraging range. Although we found native bees nesting within agricultural fields, their restricted foraging movements likely centralize pollination near nest sites. Our data thus predict a heterogeneous distribution of pollination services within sunflower fields, with edges receiving higher coverage than field centers. To generate more accurate maps of services, we advocate directly measuring the autecology of ecosystem service providers, which vary by crop system, pollinator species, and region. Improving estimates of the factors affecting pollinator populations can increase the accuracy of pollination service maps and help clarify the influence of farming practices on wild bees occurring in agricultural landscapes.
- Published
- 2016
6. Assessing pollinators’ use of floral resource subsidies in agri-environment schemes: An illustration using Phacelia tanacetifolia and honeybees
- Author
-
Rowan Sprague, Stéphane Boyer, Georgia M. Stevenson, and Steve D. Wratten
- Subjects
Apis mellifera ,Honeybee foraging behaviour ,Agroecosystems ,Pollen preference ,Floral enhancements ,Pollinator health strategies ,Medicine ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Background Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) are frequently used in agriculture for pollination services because of their abundance, generalist floral preferences, ease of management and hive transport. However, their populations are declining in many countries. Agri-Environment Schemes (AES) are being implemented in agricultural systems to combat the decline in populations of pollinators and other insects. Despite AES being increasingly embedded in policy and budgets, scientific assessments of many of these schemes still are lacking, and only a few studies have examined the extent to which insect pollinators use the floral enhancements that are part of AES and on which floral components they feed (i.e., pollen and/or nectar). Methods In the present work, we used a combination of observations on honeybee foraging for nectar/pollen from the Californian annual plant Phacelia tanacetifolia in the field, collection of pollen pellets from hives, and pollen identification, to assess the value of adding phacelia to an agro-ecosystem to benefit honeybees. Results It was found that phacelia pollen was almost never taken by honeybees. The work here demonstrates that honeybees may not use the floral enhancements added to a landscape as expected and points to the need for more careful assessments of what resources are used by honeybees in AES and understanding the role, if any, which AES play in enhancing pollinator fitness. Discussion We recommend using the methodology in this paper to explore the efficacy of AES before particular flowering species are adopted more widely to give a more complete illustration of the actual efficacy of AES.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. The effectiveness of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control, pollination services and crop yield: a quantitative synthesis
- Author
-
Matthias Albrecht, David Kleijn, Neal M. Williams, Matthias Tschumi, Brett R. Blaauw, Riccardo Bommarco, Alistair J. Campbell, Matteo Dainese, Francis A. Drummond, Martin H. Entling, Dominik Ganser, G. Arjen de Groot, Dave Goulson, Heather Grab, Hannah Hamilton, Felix Herzog, Rufus Isaacs, Katja Jacot, Philippe Jeanneret, Mattias Jonsson, Eva Knop, Claire Kremen, Douglas A. Landis, Gregory M. Loeb, Lorenzo Marini, Megan McKerchar, Lora Morandin, Sonja C. Pfister, Simon G. Potts, Maj Rundlöf, Hillary Sardiñas, Amber Sciligo, Carsten Thies, Teja Tscharntke, Eric Venturini, Eve Veromann, Ines M.G. Vollhardt, Felix Wäckers, Kimiora Ward, Duncan B. Westbury, Andrew Wilby, Megan Woltz, Steve Wratten, and Louis Sutter
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Pollination ,conservation biological control ,Q1 ,01 natural sciences ,wildflower strips ,Ecosystem services ,ecological intensification ,farmland biodiversity ,Sustainable agriculture ,2. Zero hunger ,agri-environment schemes ,biology ,Ecology ,Agroforestry ,Agriculture ,Biodiversity ,Bees ,PE&RC ,Europe ,bee pollinators ,Dierecologie ,Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer ,Flowering plant ,Agroecology ,floral enhancements ,natural pest regulation ,pollination reservoirs ,sustainable agriculture ,Flowers ,New Zealand ,North America ,Pest Control ,Ecosystem ,Animal Ecology ,Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation ,010603 evolutionary biology ,Letters ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,business.industry ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Crop yield ,QK ,agri‐environment schemes ,Pest control ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,business - Abstract
Floral plantings are promoted to foster ecological intensification of agriculture through provisioning of ecosystem services. However, a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of different floral plantings, their characteristics and consequences for crop yield is lacking. Here we quantified the impacts of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control (18 studies) and pollination services (17 studies) in adjacent crops in North America, Europe and New Zealand. Flower strips, but not hedgerows, enhanced pest control services in adjacent fields by 16% on average. However, effects on crop pollination and yield were more variable. Our synthesis identifies several important drivers of variability in effectiveness of plantings: pollination services declined exponentially with distance from plantings, and perennial and older flower strips with higher flowering plant diversity enhanced pollination more effectively. These findings provide promising pathways to optimise floral plantings to more effectively contribute to ecosystem service delivery and ecological intensification of agriculture in the future., Our quantitative synthesis of the impacts of floral plantings on pest control, crop pollination and yield reveals that flower strips, but not hedgerows, enhanced pest control services in adjacent fields by 16% on average, while effects on crop pollination and yield were more variable. Our synthesis identifies several important drivers of this variability in effectiveness of plantings: pollination services declined exponentially with distance from plantings, and perennial and older flower strips with higher flowering plant diversity enhanced pollination more effectively, with important implications for the the design and implementation of these measures to effectively promote ecological intensification of agriculture in the future
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. The effectiveness of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control, pollination services and crop yield: A quantitative synthesis
- Author
-
Albrecht, M, Kleijn, D, Williams, NM, Tschumi, M, Blaauw, BR, Bommarco, R, Campbell, AJ, Dainese, M, Drummond, FA, Entling, MH, Ganser, D, de Groot, GA, Goulson, D, Grab, H, Hamilton, H, Herzog, F, Isaacs, R, Jacot, K, Jeanneret, P, Jonsson, M, Knop, E, Kremen, C, Landis, DA, Loeb, GM, Marini, L, McKerchar, M, Morandin, L, Pfister, SC, Potts, SG, Rundlöf, M, Sardiñas, H, Sciligo, A, Thies, C, Tscharntke, T, Venturini, E, Veromann, E, Vollhardt, IMG, Wäckers, F, Ward, K, Wilby, A, Woltz, M, Wratten, S, and Sutter, L
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Assessing pollinators’ use of floral resource subsidies in agri-environment schemes: An illustration using Phacelia tanacetifolia and honeybees
- Author
-
Sprague, Rowan, Boyer, Stephane, Stevenson, GM, and Wratten, Stephen
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Assessing pollinators’ use of floral resource subsidies in agri-environment schemes: An illustration using Phacelia tanacetifolia and honeybees
- Author
-
Georgia M. Stevenson, Steve D. Wratten, Rowan Sprague, Stephane Boyer, Institut de recherche sur la biologie de l'insecte UMR7261 (IRBI), and Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Pollination ,Science Policy ,Foraging ,lcsh:Medicine ,Generalist and specialist species ,medicine.disease_cause ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Floral enhancements ,Honeybee foraging behaviour ,Pollinator ,Pollen ,Phacelia ,medicine ,Nectar ,Agricultural Science ,Agroecosystems ,Pollinator health strategies ,2. Zero hunger ,Ecology ,biology ,General Neuroscience ,lcsh:R ,Biodiversity ,General Medicine ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,Phacelia tanacetifolia ,010602 entomology ,Pollen preference ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Apis mellifera ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences - Abstract
BackgroundHoneybees (Apis melliferaL.) are frequently used in agriculture for pollination services because of their abundance, generalist floral preferences, ease of management and hive transport. However, their populations are declining in many countries. Agri-Environment Schemes (AES) are being implemented in agricultural systems to combat the decline in populations of pollinators and other insects. Despite AES being increasingly embedded in policy and budgets, scientific assessments of many of these schemes still are lacking, and only a few studies have examined the extent to which insect pollinators use the floral enhancements that are part of AES and on which floral components they feed (i.e., pollen and/or nectar).MethodsIn the present work, we used a combination of observations on honeybee foraging for nectar/pollen from the Californian annual plantPhacelia tanacetifoliain the field, collection of pollen pellets from hives, and pollen identification, to assess the value of adding phacelia to an agro-ecosystem to benefit honeybees.ResultsIt was found that phacelia pollen was almost never taken by honeybees. The work here demonstrates that honeybees may not use the floral enhancements added to a landscape as expected and points to the need for more careful assessments of what resources are used by honeybees in AES and understanding the role, if any, which AES play in enhancing pollinator fitness.DiscussionWe recommend using the methodology in this paper to explore the efficacy of AES before particular flowering species are adopted more widely to give a more complete illustration of the actual efficacy of AES.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) pollination in California's Central Valley is limited by native bee nest site location
- Author
-
Sardiñas, HS, Tom, K, Ponisio, LC, Rominger, A, and Kremen, C
- Subjects
mobile agent-based ecosystem services ,nesting ,Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences ,Ecology ,bee conservation ,ecosystem service provider ,Bees ,Biological Sciences ,mass-flowering crops ,California ,Nesting Behavior ,foraging ,Animals ,Helianthus ,fluorescent dye ,floral enhancements ,hedgerows ,Pollination ,Animal Distribution ,Environmental Sciences ,agriculture - Abstract
© 2016 by the Ecological Society of America. The delivery of ecosystem services by mobile organisms depends on the distribution of those organisms, which is, in turn, affected by resources at local and landscape scales. Pollinator-dependent crops rely on mobile animals like bees for crop production, and the spatial relationship between floral resources and nest location for these central-place foragers influences the delivery of pollination services. Current models that map pollination coverage in agricultural regions utilize landscape-level estimates of floral availability and nesting incidence inferred from expert opinion, rather than direct assessments. Foraging distance is often derived from proxies of bee body size, rather than direct measurements of foraging that account for behavioral responses to floral resource type and distribution. The lack of direct measurements of nesting incidence and foraging distances may lead to inaccurate mapping of pollination services. We examined the role of local-scale floral resource presence from hedgerow plantings on nest incidence of ground-nesting bees in field margins and within monoculture, conventionally managed sunflower fields in California's Central Valley. We tracked bee movement into fields using fluorescent powder. We then used these data to simulate the distribution of pollination services within a crop field. Contrary to expert opinion, we found that ground-nesting native bees nested both in fields and edges, though nesting rates declined with distance into field. Further, we detected no effect of field-margin floral enhancements on nesting. We found evidence of an exponential decay rate of bee movement into fields, indicating that foraging predominantly occurred in less than 1% of medium-sized bees' predicted typical foraging range. Although we found native bees nesting within agricultural fields, their restricted foraging movements likely centralize pollination near nest sites. Our data thus predict a heterogeneous distribution of pollination services within sunflower fields, with edges receiving higher coverage than field centers. To generate more accurate maps of services, we advocate directly measuring the autecology of ecosystem service providers, which vary by crop system, pollinator species, and region. Improving estimates of the factors affecting pollinator populations can increase the accuracy of pollination service maps and help clarify the influence of farming practices on wild bees occurring in agricultural landscapes.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Assessing pollinators' use of floral resource subsidies in agri-environment schemes: An illustration using Phacelia tanacetifolia and honeybees.
- Author
-
Sprague R, Boyer S, Stevenson GM, and Wratten SD
- Abstract
Background: Honeybees ( Apis mellifera L.) are frequently used in agriculture for pollination services because of their abundance, generalist floral preferences, ease of management and hive transport. However, their populations are declining in many countries. Agri-Environment Schemes (AES) are being implemented in agricultural systems to combat the decline in populations of pollinators and other insects. Despite AES being increasingly embedded in policy and budgets, scientific assessments of many of these schemes still are lacking, and only a few studies have examined the extent to which insect pollinators use the floral enhancements that are part of AES and on which floral components they feed (i.e., pollen and/or nectar)., Methods: In the present work, we used a combination of observations on honeybee foraging for nectar/pollen from the Californian annual plant Phacelia tanacetifolia in the field, collection of pollen pellets from hives, and pollen identification, to assess the value of adding phacelia to an agro-ecosystem to benefit honeybees., Results: It was found that phacelia pollen was almost never taken by honeybees. The work here demonstrates that honeybees may not use the floral enhancements added to a landscape as expected and points to the need for more careful assessments of what resources are used by honeybees in AES and understanding the role, if any, which AES play in enhancing pollinator fitness., Discussion: We recommend using the methodology in this paper to explore the efficacy of AES before particular flowering species are adopted more widely to give a more complete illustration of the actual efficacy of AES., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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