Search

The article discusses a judgment by the European Court of Justice in a case involving Kwizda Pharma and the classification of products as "food for special medical purposes" or medicinal products. The court emphasized the distinction between food for special medical purposes and medicines, stating that the former is intended to meet nutritional needs, while the latter is for preventing, alleviating, or curing diseases. The judgment provides guidance on classification issues in food law and highlights the importance of considering the nature and characteristics of products in determining their classification. [Extracted from the article]

Food safety is paramount for human life as it prevents foodborne illnesses, protects public health, supports economic growth, and ensures compliance with regulatory standards. However, in recent years, various incidents of crimes against food and their significant public health consequences have been observed, seriously damaging consumer confidence. This article explores the emerging scientific discipline of food safety, which focuses on assessing the health status of food and ensuring that it is safe for consumption. It provides a thorough analysis of crimes committed against the food industry and the regulatory measures implemented to safeguard both the industry and consumers. Regulatory requirements and competent bodies play a crucial role in ensuring compliance and maintaining consumer confidence. However, challenges such as adulteration, lack of consistent definitions, and dispersion in food inspection supervision still persist. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive approach, including consistent guidelines, improved communication, and enhanced employee training. Additionally, there is a need for guidelines and legislation regulating the development and validation of nontargeted methods for quality control in the food sector. By addressing these issues, we can further enhance the food safety practices and protect the health of individuals and communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Fomento Social is the property of ETEA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal fuer Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of A&C - Administrative & Constitutional Law Review - Revista de Direito Administrativo e Constitucional is the property of A&C - Revista de Direito Administrativo & Constitucional (Instituto Bacellar) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Framework for Sustainable Food Systems law will either not be published at all or after a long delay. Whereas the first part of the article constructs an empirical and theoretical underpinning about why the EU Member States should therefore act on food sustainability, the second part focuses on what legal measures Member States can take. In the first part, leaning on food systems thinking, we argue that in the absence of EU action in the matter, the Member States remain the most potent lever for taking regulatory action on addressing sustainability in the food system. In the second part, the article provides an exploratory study of potential national legal instruments for making domestic food systems more sustainable, with an emphasis on the regulation of offer and consumption of foods and food environments. The article discusses the following legal instruments in the context of EU law and Member States' room for action, with examples from a comparative perspective: public procurement purchasing by governments, product composition requirements, fiscal measures, non-fiscal pricing instruments, labelling & certification, marketing, and the regulation of private and public food environments. The article further concludes that it may prove useful to better enshrine the food sustainability paradigm in law at national level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Special Issue stems from some of the insights at the "Future of Food Law" Conference held at Wageningen University and Research (WUR) in 2023, prompting an examination of the Farm to Fork (F2F) Strategy's achievements and shortcomings. With the von der Leyen Commission's term concluding, the paper critically assesses key aspects of the F2F Strategy, laying the foundation for an in-depth discussion presented in six contributions. The exploration extends from US and EU perspectives to national considerations, moving even further and beyond the boundaries of the Strategy. It encompasses emerging views on food safety, fostering fair and sustainable agri-food production models, encouraging healthier and democratic food choices, and reevaluating decision-making distribution from EU to Member States in sustainability regulatory actions. This issue aims to probe how agri-food regulatory frameworks should adapt to current challenges, acknowledging new economic, social, and environmental expectations. As a frame to the six contributions, this paper addresses the substantial delay in implementing crucial food law interventions, with a focus on the legislative Framework for Sustainable Food Systems (SFSF). The paper concludes by outlining potential scenarios for the future of EU food law, emphasising the necessity for establishing a guiding principle of sustainability for food systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imperfect information on food safety and risk has created a system with less safety than the public wants. Consumers cannot pay for the level of safety they desire. Tort under-compensates for foodborne illness due to difficulty proving causation. When market controls are ineffective at producing the level of safety desired by consumers, the classic approach is government regulation. However, government regulators face challenges that impede the translation of scientific knowledge into regulatory controls. This often results in an equilibrium of private interests and bureaucratic interests rather than the public interest. To restore republican deliberation on food safety we need greater citizen involvement in the decision-making. Access to the courts is an effective means for citizens to participate directly in the decisions affecting food safety; thus, a private cause of action to our national food safety laws is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Food safety is paramount for human life as it prevents foodborne illnesses, protects public health, supports economic growth, and ensures compliance with regulatory standards. However, in recent years, various incidents of crimes against food and their significant public health consequences have been observed, seriously damaging consumer confidence. This article explores the emerging scientific discipline of food safety, which focuses on assessing the health status of food and ensuring that it is safe for consumption. It provides a thorough analysis of crimes committed against the food industry and the regulatory measures implemented to safeguard both the industry and consumers. Regulatory requirements and competent bodies play a crucial role in ensuring compliance and maintaining consumer confidence. However, challenges such as adulteration, lack of consistent definitions, and dispersion in food inspection supervision still persist. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive approach, including consistent guidelines, improved communication, and enhanced employee training. Additionally, there is a need for guidelines and legislation regulating the development and validation of nontargeted methods for quality control in the food sector. By addressing these issues, we can further enhance the food safety practices and protect the health of individuals and communities.

Today, there are a dozen labelling schemes pertaining to farm animal welfare in at least seven Member States. Despite the proliferation of animal welfare labels, European Union rules on food information to consumers concerning the treatment of farmed animals used in animal-source food production remain fragmented and incomplete. On the one hand, the rules contained in agricultural regulations primarily aim to harmonise marketing standards, but only for some products. On the other hand, consumer protection rules aim to protect consumers from misleading commercial claims but not misleading claims about animal treatment specifically. After examining the situation that has led to the proliferation of animal welfare food labels in the European Union, this article analyses the animal welfare food labelling landscape and presents different regulatory pathways to best harmonise consumer information on farm animal welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foodborne diseases can be prevented by implementing a food safety system that manages food chain risks from producer to end-user, from a One Health perspective. In 2017, the European Parliament and the European Council adopted Regulation No. 625 on official food controls and other official activities performed to ensure the application of food and feed laws and rules on animal health and welfare, plant health, and plant protection products. Italy issued a national law, Legislative Decree No. 27/2021, to adapt and adhere to European standards. We aim to describe the adoption and implementation of the new Legislative Decree by an Italian Food Hygiene and Nutrition Service, specifically focusing on the amendments introduced by Articles 7 and 8, namely the establishment of the second expert opinion and dispute procedures, and their integration with the promulgation of Article 70 of Legislative Decree No. 150/2022. These modifications aim to reduce the number of minor offenses that proceed to trial.

In search of a climate-neutral Europe, the EU Green Deal presented agroecology as an alternative guide for food system transitions through explicit policy and regulatory actions. While the term agroecology is used in Green Deal policy documents, its meaning remains elusive in both policymaking and academic legal research. To explore existing regulatory frameworks’ potential to align with agroecological perspectives for food system transitions, this article analyses pesticide regulation, a core area of agricultural governance, using an agroecological framework. This article aims to contribute to the current legal debate in two ways: it presents agroecology as a framework capable of guiding and assessing law and regulation and illustrates, via a study of EU pesticide regulation, how this framework can be deployed in practice to evaluate legal frameworks.

Agribusiness, as the hegemonic system of food production and marketing, has become one of the business and commercial sectors with the most profitable growth at the international level due to its versatility of integration within the powerful process of globalization. In its historical evolution, it has gone from providing local and seasonal food in proportion to the nutritional needs of the population, to delocalizing production and offering ultra-processed products, thus challenging the concepts of food security and sovereignty. Therefore, the general purpose was to explore this globalizing context in order to show the right to feed globalizing context, in order to show the right to feed oneself as a fundamental ethical value for humanity as a fundamental ethical value for humanity. Methodologically, a review article was presented using the documentary analysis technique, selecting materials that complied with the descriptors food globalization, right to eat, food sustainability, food inequalities and socio-cultural influences of food, extracted from eight repositories and databases; obtaining 87 relevant sources including academic articles, reports of international organizations and news. In conclusion, changes in the current model are envisioned, without affecting the foundations of the globalizing paradigm, in order to adapt to the current demands of public opinion that seek to deco modify the sector as an alternative to produce food that takes care of the territory, health, the culinary culture of the people, and improve the social conditions of farm workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexual health is the result of the interaction of vascular, nervous and hormonal factors and is influenced by individual factors, interpersonal relationships, traditions governing family and society, culture and religion; these sexual disorders are one of the factors influencing marital life and it faces a challenge. The present study is a review of the most important medicinal plants effective on sexual disorders. In this study, a review of the key words "sexual function, sexual dysfunction, plant medicine, herbal medicine, treatment, fertility" was searched from Embase, Magiran, SID, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar databases. For each herb, selected published clinical trial and review articles were used. Based on the obtained results, medicinal plants such as Tribulus terrestris, Pomegranate, Red clover Lavandula angustifolia, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Pelargonium, Melissa officinalis, Quercus brantii, Ginkgo biloba, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Crocus Sativus, Zingiber officinalis, Ros Damascena, Celery seed, Date, Fennel and Carrot seed in clinical trials and Animal models are used to treat sexual disorders, Medicinal plants can effectively treat sexual disorders. Since hormone therapy has many side effects, increasing awareness of how herbs work on androgen, estrogen, and progesterone hormones and the sexual function of people will give us the knowledge that in couples' sexual dysfunctions, there are more choices for correction without using to have hormones with the aim of increasing the quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study investigates the influence of functional foods (FFs) on the health of the Kazakh population and their potential in preventing diseases associated with inadequate and unbalanced nutrition. Methods: The research is based on an unstructured telephone interview conducted with experts in the production, sale, and consumption of functional foods in Kazakhstan. The experts provided insights into current trends in the Kazakh functional food market, factors driving the demand for FFs, and the preferences of the Kazakh population concerning functional foods. Result: The analysis revealed significant factors contributing to the growth in demand for FFs among the Kazakh population. These factors include an increasing interest in healthy lifestyles, marketing strategies promoting FFs, and the endorsement of biologically active supplements by medical professionals. The study also identified the most favored FFs among Kazakh consumers, with a particular preference for various proand synbiotic dairy products, prebiotic grain-based foods, sweetened foods, and vitamin-enriched products. Conclusion: The findings highlight the potential of FFs in positively impacting the health of the Kazakh population and promoting preventive nutrition practices. The study emphasizes the importance of considering the general nutritional status and disease incidence in developing the range structure of FFs in Kazakhstan. The research underscores the need for a well-informed and targeted approach to meet the specific dietary requirements and preferences of the Kazakh population, thereby contributing to improved overall health and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal fuer Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In search of a climate-neutral Europe, the EU Green Deal presented agroecology as an alternative guide for food system transitions through explicit policy and regulatory actions. While the term agroecology is used in Green Deal policy documents, its meaning remains elusive in both policymaking and academic legal research. To explore existing regulatory frameworks' potential to align with agroecological perspectives for food system transitions, this article analyses pesticide regulation, a core area of agricultural governance, using an agroecological framework. This article aims to contribute to the current legal debate in two ways: it presents agroecology as a framework capable of guiding and assessing law and regulation and illustrates, via a study of EU pesticide regulation, how this framework can be deployed in practice to evaluate legal frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing interest has been noted among both industry operatives and consumers in cell-based meat (CBM), as visible in the increasing investment into this technology by major food industry corporations. However, in almost all countries worldwide, there is a lack of clear legislation with regard to the labeling of such products. The aim of the article is to collect and review current legal regulations concerning the international approval and labeling of these types of products. In the manuscript, we review and analyze the legal situation of CBM and its labeling in countries from 4 different continents (EU members, the UK, the USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, Japan, Singapore and Israel). Aside from Singapore, no other country has approved CBM for placement on the market. The US has reached an agreement and established regulatory frameworks on CBM matters, where both the USDA and the FDA will be the control institutions. Within the European Union, CBM products will be evaluated under the Novel Food Regulation. The most anticipated process in other countries is the evaluation of CBM under the legislation on novel foods and subsequent amendments. Since local laws are still being developed, special care should be taken by the policymakers to avoid implementing local laws which could cause a negative approach to the technology by the consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of the European Food Regulation in the German military started in 2003 and was fully implemented in 2006. In addition, in 2003 the German military introduced the concept of using convenience-based foods targeted to improve the safety of food served to the troops. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of these changes on food safety and the occurrence of food-borne disease outbreaks in the German military. For this purpose, data from a total of 517 food-borne outbreaks that occurred between 1995 and 2019 in the responsible areas of the German military both within the country and abroad were subjected to a retrospective analysis. As a result, a significant decrease (p = 2.47 × 10−5) in the number of the food-borne outbreak was observed in the second observation period (2003–2019) compared to the first period (1995–2002). Food groups often found contaminated with pathogens were desserts and prepared dishes (first period), fresh produce, soups, and sauces (second period). Bacillus cereus, Enterobacteriaceae, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus were dominant pathogens isolated from suspected foods during disease outbreaks in both periods, however, the absolute number of isolates reduced significantly in the second period. Therefore it can be concluded that the implementation of European food hygiene regulations together with the introduction of convenience-based foods had a significant positive impact on food safety in the German military.

Copyright of Journal fuer Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aims: Food allergy is a major public health concern. Failures of food allergen avoidance and the consequences for those with food hypersensitivity (allergies, intolerances and coeliac disease) have a forensic context. The aim of this study was to collate and analyse the use of action in the United Kingdom (UK) courts as redress following adverse food allergy reactions or failures of allergen management.Methods: Details of prosecutions during the study period (1 January 2014 to 31 January 2020) were recorded from regular key word Internet searches. National and local news reports were primary sources, along with commentary from enforcement and regulatory professionals. Information was also collected from coroners' inquests by attending hearings and direct contact with coroners and participants in the hearings. Freedom of Information requests were made to local authority enforcement departments. In several cases, the authors had direct involvement in investigations.Results: From 2014 to 2020, there was an increase in reports. Seventy prosecutions were recorded as well as two associated appeals and two applications for Hygiene Emergency Prohibition Notice. This resulted in 68 convictions; seven individuals received custodial sentences, three of which were suspended although one individual had a tagged curfew imposed. Fines ranged from £50 to £93,000. Details of the law applied and the evidence gathering processes are reported.Conclusion: Legal action, including landmark prosecutions for Gross Negligence Manslaughter and Preventing Future Deaths reports from coroners, with salience of criminal penalties, has led to changes in labelling law and improved allergen management practices better to protect the interests of patients with food hypersensitivities. A central system of collation of such data, and on 'near misses', will enable more focused root cause analysis to further improve allergen management and reduce patient risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food law has played a central, contested role in defining the UK's post‐Brexit identity as a regulating and trading nation. Mapping reforms to key areas of food law across retained EU law, the UK internal market and UK trade law and policy reveals profound reforms, and an emerging, distinct UK approach to law‐making. We identify three themes: increased conferral of regulatory powers and functions to UK Ministers, coupled with an expansion of so‐called non‐legislative approaches to regulation and policy‐making and increased scope for divergence between UK nations. These reforms have achieved core aims of the UK government: autonomy from the EU, a fully frictionless internal market within Great Britain, and streamlined regulatory reform. However, the achievement of these aims has come at a price. Food law reveals that post‐Brexit legislative processes have been shaped by, but also entrench, unilateral executive decision‐making, lessened transparency and disunity between UK nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress adopted the Anti-food Waste Law of the People's Republic of China in April 2021 to guarantee grain security, conserve resources, and protect the environment. We pursue three research questions: Why has China implemented a law with sanctions to reduce food waste, and why now? Why does the law target the catering industry? To answer these questions, we collected primary data through semi-structured interviews with government officials, as well as secondary data through recorded interviews available online with officials of the Legislative Affairs Commission of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC) and food waste activists, as well as NPCSC conference reports. We find a legal approach with sanctions was necessary since cultural aspects, specifically conventional Chinese dining habits and pop culture, are difficult to regulate through instruments without sanctions. In addition, we find the Chinese law focuses on the catering industry for a few reasons: (1) More waste is generated by the catering industry than households, (2) waste from the catering industry is easier to monitor than household waste, and (3) this was a response to citizen requests collected during the Anti-food Waste Law public consultation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mandatory meat inspection requirements have long been a source of frustration for advocates of ethical meat. Seen as overly restrictive and ill-adapted to the realities on the ground, some argue that farm-to-consumer sales should be subject to less stringent inspection requirements than conventional meat supply chains. Recently, a series of legislative reforms authorizing on-farm slaughter suggests that policy makers are listening. But do on-farm slaughter exemptions really facilitate ethical meat sales? To answer this question, this paper explores meat inspection systems in Quebec, Ontario, and Vermont. Drawing on data obtained from semi-structured interviews with producers, processors, and policy advisors, it argues that inspection requirements may not be the barriers they are presumed to be. Instead, producers and processors face other more significant financial and structural challenges. These need to be addressed if ethical meat is to be a viable alternative to the dominant model of animal agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes a general reflection on the issue of sustainability of the agri-food supply chain which, without any claim to being exhaustive, aims to provide elements for further reflection in the light of the new regulations that have emerged on the subject. From the model of the multilevel discipline of agri-food law, those objectives pursued by European and international policies, aimed at ensuring sustainable food production systems, will be taken and analysed. In particular, reference will be made to the Alternative Agrifood Networks in the multiplicity of forms that characterise them, taking care to highlight the opportunities provided by the sedimentation of short supply chains. Finally, the Triple Bottom Line will be presented as an innovative model able to implement agrifood sustainability in the perspective of the green transition.

Ensuring safe nutrition is one of the important tasks of each state for the proper state of public health. In developed countries such as the US and the EU, food safety is a public health priority and is ensured through the development of a regulatory framework, the establishment and implementation of effective food safety systems throughout the food chain. However, despite the existence of legislation and government oversight, official data show a high number of outbreaks of foodborne diseases in these countries. In this regard, WHO calls on states to constantly monitor the situation with the occurrence of food poisoning in order to improve the means of monitoring the safe nutrition of the population. In Ukraine, there is food legislation, which was formed much later than in the EU and the USA, and later the mechanism for ensuring safe food was introduced - the HACCP system (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control, English Point). The article presents retrospective analytical data related to the occurrence of food poisoning among the population of Ukraine in the pre-war period (2019-2020) and analyzes the problems that contributed to the emergence of these diseases. Comparison in dynamics allows to see not only the changes that have taken place, but also to understand the advantages and disadvantages that were applied in the previous period and develop measures based on the experience gained over the past years. The target issues of this article were the analysis of international and national food legislation as important tools for managing the level of food poisoning, a retro-analysis of the level of food poisoning in different regions of Ukraine and the establishment of factors that contributed to the occurrence of these diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major responsibility of bakeries is to make excellent bread. This can only be achieved by maintaining strict batch control over all materials used in production. Nihans data categorization method was used for statistical data treatment, data grouping, and data analysis. Datamining, a mix of methods that creates information from huge data sets, might be used to this data to extract relevant information on physical, chemical, biological, or allergic substances linked with a food product from harvest to the consumer's hand. The primary objective of this study is to review the current research on quality management systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Przeglad Prawa Rolnego is the property of Adam Mickiewicz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Various methods of genetic modification have been applied to plant breeding as an integral part of agriculture. This article examines a method of targeted mutagenesis -- CRISPR-Cas9 -- and its dysregulation in the European Union (EU). It provides clarity for food business operators relating to the traceability and labelling of food products induced using this biotechnology. In addition, it outlines policy recommendations to improve the regulation of such food products in the EU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a concept in which corporations take into account the interest of the society in four areas of responsibility namely economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic. In the area of food manufacturing, corporate social responsibility plays a vital role by ensuring that food is healthy and in adherence to safety standards. The Food Act 1983 and Food Regulations 1985 play an important role in enforcing corporate social responsibility amongst food manufacturers. Institutional framework in Malaysia such as, Ministry of Health, Food and Safety Quality Division and FOSIM were established to ensure that food-processing activities are according to the required hygiene and safety standards. It is discovered through National Consumer Complaint Centre reports that the enforcement in food safety needs improvement. The paper also examines the role of non-governmental agencies, namely, the Consumer Association of Penang and the National Consumer Complaints Centre, in channeling and documenting complaints from consumers to relevant enforcement agencies. This paper intends to analyse the duties of food manufacturers and to identify legislations that enforce CSR amongst food manufacturers. Adopting the content analysis method, this paper will examine the principle of CSR as contained in the Food Act 1983. This paper further discusses the roles of institutional frameworks namely, the Ministry of Health, Food Safety and Quality Division and FOSIM in enforcing corporate social responsibility amongst food manufacturers. This article aims to contribute namely to various stakeholders ie: the government in which CSR policies can be connected to food safety through our hard and soft laws and consumers will be more aware and educated in which they will support food companies that are implementing CSR in their food production. The paper also serves as a guide to food manufacturers as they will be more particular in their CSR efforts to garner more support towards their food products. With a good CSR policy and food safety efforts Malaysia will be able to increase its revenue in import and export of food products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny (0035-9629) is the property of Adam Mickiewicz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A legal reflection on the relationship between food and the environment requires the delimitation of its field of analysis, falling within the broader thematic areas of food law and environmental protection, where a multitude of regulations operate, governing profiles characterized by mutual integration , and often by frequent overlapping. The article, without any claim to being exhaustive, but in order to provide further elements of reasoning, analytically targets the dense relational web that unfolds when topics such as food safety, health and the environment end up on the discussion table; a network that inevitably calls into question the dynamics of sustainability and food diversity, offering interesting insights into the configuration of that new concept, ecological citizenship, which is gradually becoming the focus of attention of some recent public policies.

Copyright of Przeglad Prawa Rolnego is the property of Adam Mickiewicz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The regulation of trans fats sets an interesting precedent for the regulation of other legal but harmful food ingredients, such as salt, sugar and saturated fat. In this paper, we distinguish three regulatory measures to reduce such ingredients in food and population intakes: the labelling of an ingredient, a limit on the amount of the ingredient in food products and a ban on the production technology that creates the ingredient. We will compare the regulations promulgated in the US and in the EU to reduce trans fats in food and population intakes. This comparison will identify a common focus on scientific risk assessment and precautionary action but a different orientation towards regulating the internal market and towards producer interests. The comparison also lays bare differences in the regulatory systems of the US and the EU that may inspire US and EU regulators to reflect on possible improvements for future fights against legal but harmful food ingredients.

Copyright of Przeglad Prawa Rolnego is the property of Adam Mickiewicz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Food is fundamental to French identity. So too is the denial of structural racism and racial identity. Both tenets are central to the nation's self-definition, making them all the more important to think about together. This article purports to identify and critique a form of "French food Whiteness" (blanchité alimentaire), that is, the use of food and eating practices to reify and reinforce Whiteness as the dominant racial identity. To do so, it develops four case studies of how law elevates a fiction of homogenous French/White food as superior and normative at the expense of alternative ways of eating and their eaters—the law of geographical indications, school lunches, citizenship, and cultural heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Congress passed the Organic Foods Production Act (the “OFPA”), and over a decade later, rules implementing the Act were finally promulgated in 2002. In the time between the Act’s passage and its implementation, the number of consumers purchasing organic food in the United States, and globally, increased dramatically. Since 1990, the market has grown approximately 20 percent per year. The consumer interest in organic food is particularly striking given the OFPA does not guarantee that food sold as “organic” will be free from toxins or pesticide residues. Indeed, the legislative history of the Act makes clear that Congress did not intend to guarantee that food labeled “organic” would be free from toxins or pesticide residues. Rather, the OFPA focuses intently on process rather than end product regulation. In this regard, the OFPA has a different focus than much of American business regulation, where the focus appears to be mainly on end product regulation. This paper asserts that regulation of organic food products should be more product-based for a number of reasons. The most important reason is that organic farming and marketing is unique. Not only does the process by which the food is produced matter to these particular consumers, but consumers also care deeply about the quality of the end product. Organic food buyers recognize that the process by which food is produced has moral and ethical implications. This process impacts farm workers, the environment, and ultimately the quality of the food itself. Given that concerns about farming methods and their relation to environmental health are on the rise, this paper will discuss consumer preferences for process and/or product information. Additionally, in analyzing this product/process distinction, this paper will discuss the “market for lemons” theory first espoused by Professor and economist, George A. Akerlof, in “‘The Market For ‘Lemons:’ Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism.” In “Lemons,” Professor Akerlof analyzed a market where buyer and seller relied on asymmetric information. This market ultimately resulted in low quality goods, or “a lemons market.” This paper explores the application of the “Market for Lemons” theory to the organic foods market, and considers that while the organic market is one where asymmetric information exists between buyer and seller, the market for organic foods continues to flourish. Part I of this paper discusses the current regulation of organic food under the OFPA and the implementation of regulations, including recent changes to regulations effective January 2013. Part II discusses consumer perceptions about, and preferences for, organic food, analyzing whether those perceptions align with reality. Part II also explores factors that influence consumers’ reasons for buying in the organic food market.  In light of these perceptions and preferences, Part III discusses the shortcomings of the OFPA. Finally, Part IV of this paper urges that the market for organic food ought to be more heavily regulated from a product perspective in spite of the fact that the market for organic food is not a “Lemons” market. This paper ultimately asserts that, despite asymmetric information about ultimate product quality, the reasons for purchasing  organic food will remain sound, and the market for organic food will remain fundamentally strong. However, for a multitude of other reasons, including the religious and ethical concerns of consumers relative to health and environment, I propose a regulatory paradigm that would include stricter “organic specific” regulation, as well as thorough end product testing to support the continued expansion of this profitable market.

Foodborne diseases can be prevented by implementing a food safety system that manages food chain risks from producer to end-user, from a One Health perspective. In 2017, the European Parliament and the European Council adopted Regulation No. 625 on official food controls and other official activities performed to ensure the application of food and feed laws and rules on animal health and welfare, plant health and plant protection products. Italy issued a national law, Legislative Decree No. 27/2021, to adapt and adhere to European standards. We aim to describe the adoption and implementation of the new Legislative Decree by an Italian Food Hygiene and Nutrition Service, specifically focusing on the amendments introduced by Articles 7 and 8, namely the establishment of the second expert opinion and dispute procedures, and their integration with the promulgation of Article 70 of Legislative Decree No. 150/2022. These modifications aim to reduce the number of minor offenses that proceed to trial., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: the authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024, the Author(s).)

The halal thayyib food law is a unified terminology, which is based on the Qur'an. The level of understanding based on the opinions of Muslims and non-Muslims should be mapped out to define the halal thayyib food law as a social construct. It is important to determine the definition of halalan thayyiban food law according to ideas, opinions, and experiences of the leaders of Muslims and non-Muslims. This is not a theological study, and this study is based on the sociological methodology of an abductive study. This study adopted the qualitative data analysis using an in-depth interview to examine the perception of Muslims and non-Muslims leaders in Banten province, Indonesia on the halalan thayyiban food law. The result revealed that Muslims and non-Muslims have different definitions of á,¥alāl food. However, their understanding of thayyib food has the same basic constructs related to goodness in preprocessing, during, and post-processing of food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to present the activities undertaken by the County Sanitary Inspector in Ostrow Mazowiecka to protect the health and life of consumers, in terms of supervision over the health quality of food in 2018 and 2019. The paper presents the implementation of the food sampling plan, the results of microbiological tests, and the explanatory procedure following the received reports on microbiological tests and RASFF system notifications. The test results showed that the microbiological quality of food collected for testing in 2019 was at a satisfactory level, while in 2018 - 1.41% of samples were disqualified due to contamination with Salmonella. Explanatory proceedings conducted as a result of the received RASFF system notifications showed a correct implementation of procedures for dealing with non-conforming products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]