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Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi sposobnost zadržavanja vode (kalo odmrzavanja, kalo kuhanja) i mekoću (silu presijecanja) najdužeg leđnog mišića (LT) i polutetivastog mišića (ST) konjskog mesa izuzetih nakon uobičajene klaoničke prakse. Prosječna vrijednost kala odmrzavanja LT mišića bila je 8,65 %, dok je prosječna vrijednost kala odmrzavanja ST mišića bila 6,69 %. Prosječna vrijednost kala kuhanja LT mišića bila je 19,35 %. Znatno veća prosječna vrijednost kala kuhanja utvrđena je u ST mišiću (23,41 %). Prosječna vrijednost sile presijecanja LT mišića bila je 28,10 N. Prosječna vrijednost sile presijecanja ST mišića bila je znatno veća od one utvrđene u LT mišiću te je iznosila 45,64 N. Usporednom analizom razlika srednjih vrijednosti kala odmrzavanja, kala kuhanja i mekoće utvrđene su statistički značajne razlike između LT i ST (p, The aim of the study was to investigate water-holding capacity (thawing loss, cooking loss) and tenderness (shear force) of longissimus thoracis muscle (LT) and semitendinosus muscle (ST) of horse meat. The thawing loss value for LT muscle was 8.65%, whereas for ST muscle was 6.69%. The cooking loss for LT muscle was 19.35%, whereas for ST muscle was 23.41%. The shear force for LT muscle was 28.10 N, whereas for ST muscle was higher (45.64 N). Paired t-test analysis showed significant differences for thawing loss, cooking loss, and shear force between LT and ST muscles (p, Ziel dieser Arbeit bestand darin, das Wasserhaltevermögen (Wasserverlust beim Auftauen, Wasserverlust beim Kochen) und die Zartheit (Scherkraft) des längsten Rückenmuskels (LT) und des halbsehnigen Muskels (ST) beim Pferdefleisch zu untersuchen, deren Proben nach der üblichen Schlachtpraxis entnommen wurde. Der durchschnittliche Wert des Wasserverlusts beim Auftauen betrug beim LT Muskel 8,65%, während der durchschnittliche Wert des Wasserverlusts beim Auftauen beim ST Muskel 6,69% betrug. Der durchschnittliche Wert des Verlusts beim Kochen betrug beim LT Muskel 19,35%, während beim ST Muskel ein bedeutend höherer mittlerer Wert des Verlusts beim Kochen festgelegt wurde (23,41%). Der mittlere Wert der Scherkraft betrug beim LT Muskel 28,10 N. Der mittlere Wert der Scherkraft beim ST Muskel war mit einem Wert von 45,64 N bedeutend höher als beim LT Muskel. Bei einer vergleichenden Auswertung der mittleren Werte des Verlusts beim Auftauen, Kochen und bei der Zartheit wurden zwischen dem LT und ST Muskel beim Pferdefleisch statistisch relevante Unterschiede festgestellt (p, Lo scopo della ricerca è consistito nell'accertare la capacità di trattenere l'acqua (calo da scongelamento, calo da cottura) e la tenerezza (forza di taglio) del muscolo lunghissimo (LT) e del muscolo semitendinoso (ST) della carne equina prelevati dopo la consueta prassi di macellazione. Circa il calo da scongelamento del muscolo LT, la ricerca ha evidenziato un valore medio dell'8,65%, mentre, riguardo al calo da scongelamento del muscolo ST, ha evidenziato un valore medio del 6,69%. Circa il calo da cottura del muscolo LT, la ricerca ha evidenziato un valore medio del 19,35%. Il valore medio del calo da cottura evidenziato riguardo al muscolo ST è stato di molto maggiore (23,41%). Il valore medio della forza di taglio del muscolo LT è risultato di 28,10 N. Il valore medio della forza di taglio del muscolo ST, pari a 45,64 N, è risultato molto maggiore del valore medio registrato riguardo al muscolo LT. Mediante l'analisi comparativa delle differenze dei valori medi del calo da scongelamento, del calo da cottura e della tenerezza, sono state accertate differenze statisticamente significative tra il muscolo LT e il muscolo ST (p, El fin de esta investigación fue determinar la capacidad de retención del agua (merma por descongelación, merma por cocción) y la blandura (fuerza de corte) del músculo más largo de la espalda (LT) y el músculo ST de la carne de caballo tomadas después de la práctica habitual en el matadero. El valor medio de la merma por descongelación del músculo LT fue 8,65%, mientras el valor medio de la merma por descongelación del músculo ST fue 6,69%. El valor medio de la merma por cocción del músculo LT fue 19,35%. El valor medio de la merma por cocción del músculo ST fue considerablemente más alto, (23,41%). El valor medio de la fuerza de corte del músculo LT fue 28,10 N. El valor medio de la fuerza de corte del músculo ST fue considerablemente más alto que el valor determinado para el músculo LT y fue 45,64 N. Por el análisis comparativo de los valores medio de la merma por descongelación, de la merma por cocción y de la blandura fueron determinadas diferencias estadísticamente significantes entre los músculos LT y ST (p

Mechanical pruning, usually integrated with manual finishing, still excites some doubts regarding the quality of the cut which appears not to be the best as precision and cleanliness. This aspect, probably conditioned by the model and the application of pruning machines, might also be affected by the characteristics of the vine branches in particular by their cutting force. In order to evaluate the cutting force on different vine type, laboratory and field trails were carried out. The experiments were set in order to evaluate this parameter during winter pruning in relation to three variables: vine type; branch size; pruning time. The results show how the cutting resistance of vine branches during vegetative rest depends on vine variety (Trebbiano 675 N Cabernet 1175 N), on the diameter of the canes (increase of force from 56 % to 86 % between the classes of diameter) and on the pruning date (26% decrease of the cutting force in the latest period for Trebbiano and Sangiovese, and 32 % for Cabernet Sauvignon). Such variations, which can be considerable, affect directly the pruning results. High values of cutting force can generate tiring of operator in manual pruning or cutting damages on the vegetation during mechanical pruning.