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Habitat loss and fragmentation have independent impacts on biodiversity; thus, field studies are needed to distinguish their impacts. Moreover, species with different locomotion rates respond differently to fragmentation, complicating direct comparisons of the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation across differing taxa and landscapes. To overcome these challenges, we combined mechanistic mathematical modeling and laboratory experiments to compare how species with different locomotion rates were affected by low (∼80% intact) and high (∼30% intact) levels of habitat loss. In our laboratory experiment, we used Caenorhabditis elegans strains with different locomotion rates and subjected them to the different levels of habitat loss and fragmentation by placing Escherichia coli (C. elegans food) over different proportions of the Petri dish. We developed a partial differential equation model that incorporated spatial and biological phenomena to predict the impacts of habitat arrangement on populations. Only species with low rates of locomotion declined significantly in abundance as fragmentation increased in areas with low (p = 0.0270) and high (p = 0.0243) levels of habitat loss. Despite that species with high locomotion rates changed little in abundance regardless of the spatial arrangement of resources, they had the lowest abundance and growth rates in all environments because the negative effect of fragmentation created a mismatch between the population distribution and the resource distribution. Our findings shed new light on incorporating the role of locomotion in determining the effects of habitat fragmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conservation of vegetation in urban environments, particularly grasslands, is a seldom-addressed yet highly relevant issue from both ecological and social perspectives. In this article, we open a discussion on the importance of urban and peri-urban grasslands, the challenges of conserving biodiversity in these areas, and the related socioecological issues. To support this discussion, we conducted surveys of plant diversity in five urban grasslands within the Metropolitan Region of Buenos Aires (RMBA), where socio-environmental organizations actively engage in conservation efforts. First, we explore the problems of grasslands, the definition of urban grasslands and their various interpretations in the literature, and society's perception and appreciation of these areas. We summarize the benefits that urban grasslands provide to society, including biodiversity conservation, recreation and environmental education. Next, we describe the specific characteristics of five RMBA grassland areas designated for conservation. In these areas, despite the fragmentation of the urban matrix and the presence of invasive exotic species, a significant proportion of native species typical of the Pampean grassland remains, which are valuable for conserving urban biodiversity. This highlights the ecological importance of these areas and the need to develop effective strategies for conserving and restoring urban grassland fragments. Finally, we examine the advantages and potential opportunities these fragments represent for the region and propose solutions to the identified challenges, such as implementing suitable management practices to reduce exotic species invasion and restore grasslands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nest predation rates critically influence avian biodiversity and evolution. In the north temperate zone, increased nest failure along edges of forest fragments is hypothesized to play a major role in the disappearance of bird species from disturbed landscapes. However, we lack comprehensive syntheses from tropical latitudes, where biodiversity is highest and increasingly threatened by habitat fragmentation and disturbance. We assembled data from five decades of field studies across the global tropics (1,112 populations of 661 species) and used phylogenetic models to evaluate proposed predictors of nest success. We found significant effects of several traits, including adult body mass and nest architecture. Contrary to results from many temperate locations, anthropogenic habitat disruption did not consistently reduce nest success; in fact, raw nest success rates were lower in large tracts of primary forest than in disturbed or fragmented landscapes. Follow-up analyses within species, using a subset of 76 species for which we had estimates of nest survival in habitats with different levels of disruption, confirmed that neither disturbance nor fragmentation significantly influenced nest success. These results suggest that nest predation alone cannot explain observed declines in avian biodiversity in tropical forest fragments, raising new questions about the demographic processes that drive extinction in the tropics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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El propósito de este trabajo es abordar las vinculaciones y contrastes entre la novela de ciencia ficción La fabulosa máquina del sueño, el malestar de la cultura propuesto por Sigmund Freud y la distopía entendida en la era del ciberespacio. Narrada a partir de fragmentos, esta novela atípica, en nuestra tradición literaria, entabla un diálogo tenso y se distancia de La interpretación de los sueños a partir de otra visión inestable del inconsciente y del papel de la fantasía o los sueños en nuestro tiempo. Para llevar a cabo este análisis, no solo partimos de los postulados teóricos de Freud sobre los sueños, el inconsciente y el malestar, sino también de la poética de las distopías literarias, la estética del fragmento y el modelo del tercer inconsciente postulado por Franco Berardi.

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Copyright of Journal of Planning Education & Research is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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La conservación de la vegetación en ambientes urbanos, especialmente de los pastizales, es una problemática poco abordada, pero de gran relevancia ecológica y social. En este artículo proponemos un debate abierto sobre la importancia de los pastizales urbanos y periurbanos, los desafíos para conservar su biodiversidad y las implicancias socioecológicas asociadas. Para ello, nos basamos en relevamientos de diversidad vegetal en cinco pastizales urbanos de la Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (RMBA), donde organizaciones socioambientales comprometidas participan en su conservación. Primero, exploramos las problemáticas de los pastizales, la definición de pastizal urbano y sus distintas acepciones en la literatura, así como la percepción y la valoración de la sociedad de estos espacios. Sintetizamos los beneficios que los pastizales urbanos aportan a la sociedad, incluyendo la conservación de la biodiversidad, la recreación y la educación ambiental. Luego, describimos las características específicas de cinco áreas de pastizales en la RMBA destinadas a conservación. En estas áreas, a pesar de la fragmentación de la matriz urbana y la presencia de especies exóticas invasoras, persiste una proporción significativa de especies nativas representativas del pastizal pampeano, valiosas para la conservación de la biodiversidad urbana. Esto evidencia la importancia ecológica de los pastizales urbanos y la necesidad de generar estrategias efectivas para conservar y restaurar sus fragmentos. Finalmente, analizamos las ventajas y oportunidades que estos fragmentos representan para la región. Proponemos soluciones a las problemáticas identificadas, como implementar prácticas de manejo adecuadas para reducir la invasión de especies exóticas y promover la restauración de los pastizales.

La interacción social con los vecinos es un factor clave en el desarrollo del sentido psicológico de comunidad con el barrio de residencia. A ese respecto se han analizado las actividades sociales y los elementos del diseño urbano que ofrecen oportunidades de interacción. Sin embargo, apenas se ha utilizado el enfoque de análisis de redes sociales para determinar qué características estructurales se asocian con una mayor identificación territorial. En este estudio obtuvimos las redes personales de 212 residentes en cuatro barrios de la ciudad de Sevilla, en el sur de España. Con esos datos exploramos la relación entre las características estructurales de las redes personales y el sentido psicológico de comunidad. La fragmentación de las redes personales mostró una asociación negativa con el sentido de pertenencia. Los resultados indican que pasar tiempo, desarrollar relaciones y tener amigos en el barrio son antecedentes directos de una mayor identificación con los contextos residenciales.

Conserving mountains is important for protecting biodiversity because they have high beta diversity and endemicity, facilitate species movement, and provide numerous ecosystem benefits for people. Mountains are often thought to have lower levels of human modification and contain more protected area than surrounding lowlands. To examine this, we compared biogeographic attributes of the largest, contiguous, mountainous region on each continent. In each region, we generated detailed ecosystems based on Köppen−Geiger climate regions, ecoregions, and detailed landforms. We quantified anthropogenic fragmentation of these ecosystems based on human modification classes of large wild areas, shared lands, and cities and farms. Human modification for half the mountainous regions approached the global average, and fragmentation reduced the ecological integrity of mountain ecosystems up to 40%. Only one‐third of the major mountainous regions currently meet the Kunming‐Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework target of 30% coverage for all protected areas; furthermore, the vast majority of ecosystem types present in mountains were underrepresented in protected areas. By measuring ecological integrity and human‐caused fragmentation with a detailed representation of mountain ecosystems, our approach facilitates tracking progress toward achieving conservation goals and better informs mountain conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lilloa is the property of Fundacion Miguel Lillo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In his book Aion, Jung describes something like a quasi‐Hegelian progressive historical realization of the Self in a perspective similar to Fernand Braudel's longue durée history. This article deals with a similar perspective, as it tries to focus on what we may call a "cultural complex" yet within its unfolding in historical time and belonging not to just one specific cultural group, but to a large cultural basin, which we may indicate as the "West". This complex marks the birth and development of modernity. The depth, pervasiveness and duration of this cultural complex permeates the lives and psychologies of all of those that are part of it. Therefore, every analytical project must take into account the underlying emotional, epistemic and social field within which this complex constellates. One of the main features of this (trans)cultural complex, strictly connected with the progressive fragmentation of the self and the transformation of the numinosum with its meaning‐giving force, is paranoia. This article analyses the historical and cultural features that produce paranoia and fragmentation and determine paranoid symptoms and attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia is the property of Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

New Guinea is one of the last regions in the world with vast pristine areas and is home to many endemic species. However, extensive road development plans threaten the island's biodiversity. We quantified habitat fragmentation due to existing and planned roads for 139 terrestrial mammal species in New Guinea. For each species, we calculated the equivalent connected area (ECA) of habitat, a metric that takes into account the area and connectivity of habitat patches in 3 situations: no roads (baseline situation), existing roads (current), and existing and planned roads combined (future). We assessed the effect of roads as the proportion of the ECA remaining in the current and future situations relative to the baseline. To examine whether there were patterns in these relative ECA values, we fitted beta‐regression models relating these values to 4 species characteristics: taxonomic order, body mass, diet, and International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List status. On average across species, current ECA was 89% (SD 12) of baseline ECA. Shawmayer's coccymys (Coccymys shawmayeri) had the lowest amount of current ECA relative to the baseline (53%). In the future situation, the average remaining ECA was 71% (SD 20) of baseline ECA. Future remaining ECA was below 50% of the baseline for 28 species. The montane soft‐furred paramelomys (Paramelomys mollis) had the lowest future ECA relative to the baseline (36%). In general, currently nonthreatened carnivorous species with a large body mass had the greatest reductions of ECA in the future situation. In conclusion, future road development plans imply extensive additional habitat fragmentation for a large number of terrestrial mammal species in New Guinea. It is therefore important to limit the impact of planned roads, for example, by reconsidering the location of planned roads that intersect habitat of the most threatened species, or by the implementation of mitigation measures such as underpasses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This investigation has the purpose of showing that given the fragmentation of classic multilateralism in the context of international law of trade and politics, an emerging minilateralism that provides international relations with a new and fair context, is juridically and morally acceptable as long as human dignity is deemed both a value and a source of law. By means of a dogmatic and hermeneutic methodology, and once the features of the tension between multilateralism and minilateralism, the arguments defending a good nationalism and the connection of these notions with a study of the theory of public goods in the context of international friendship that states that they are objectively good on the basis of some approaches of a classic (platonic) theory of justice and the use of some tools of law and economics have been presented, it is discovered that States and their representatives continuously engage in calculations in order to obtain and preserve what they consider good and beneficial, and it is concluded that a balance between minilateralism and multilateralism can be achieved as long as human dignity is considered both a source and value of the law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to relate natural teleology to the practice of governance. To do so, it presents the phenomenon of social fragmentation and evaluates it –following A. MacIntyre– as a negative aspect of contemporary social (dis)order due to the moral and psychological disintegration it promotes among ordinary people. Such disintegration leads to conflict and confusion between desires and goods. Among the causes of fragmentation, analytical philosophy and the social theory of existentialism stand out and, at their core, the abandonment of natural teleology. Institutional governance is not immune to fragmentation, so the author suggests that a perspective that explicitly integrates natural teleology in the practice of governance may have practical implications in decision-making and can constitute a significant, albeit partial, contribution to achieving social and moral cohesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La Sierra de Guadalupe es el último reducto forestal al norte de la Ciudad de México. Para restaurar su cubierta vegetal, o al menos manejarla, es necesario conocer su desarrollo. Es un sistema con unidad por donde transita la energía en formas diferentes según la vegetación, que es el resultado más evidente de condiciones litológicas, edafológicas, climáticas, geográficas e históricas con intervención humana de diferentes tipos. Se describe el comportamiento de cubierta vegetal en la Sierra de Guadalupe en las últimas décadas a partir de la comparación del área y el perímetro de los mosaicos. También se aplicaron cuatro índices paisajísticos: un enfoque matriz-parche-corredor (Puyravaud, 2003), que expresa el cambio de la cobertura vegetal a partir de la ecuación del interés compuesto (Mikels, 2003), la detección de la fragmentación por la cercanía entre los centros de los mosaicos de cada tipo de vegetación; la relación de la disección de un paisaje, a partir de la similitud de los mosaicos, con círculos de la misma área (Bowen y Burgess, 1981), expresada por la posibilidad de que un organismo se encuentre a otro de su especie estando en sitios aleatorios del paisaje (Jaeger, 2000). Con el análisis de la matriz de transición de Markov se observa la sucesión ecológica de algunos mosaicos y también el cambio de uso de suelo forestal a urbano en la mayor parte de la Sierra. El índice de autocorrelación de Moran permite evaluar qué tan agrupados están los parches, o, dicho de otra manera, qué tan constante es el flujo de energía a través del paisaje. Para determinar los mosaicos se compraron imágenes de 1994 y 2019 de la Sierra de Guadalupe, trazando a mano alzada el perímetro de cada mosaico. Se hicieron visitas de campo a la zona de estudio para relacionar la textura y posición de cada mosaico. Se definió la Sierra de Guadalupe como un conjunto de microcuencas con una extensión de 16 813 ha. En 1994, estaban urbanizadas 8698 ha, para 2019 el concreto había cubierto 1741 ha más. Se han establecido 540 ha de bosque y plantaciones, además de las que 1670 ha que ya existían. El bosque de encino se ha extendido por las cañadas sobre 74 ha. La comunidad vegetal más importante en cuanto a extensión hacia 1994 era el matorral xerófilo, cuando representaba 16.8% de la Sierra. En 2019, el matorral xerófilo con pastizal tenía una extensión de 12.7% del total. El encinar cerrado o abierto, ecosistema más conservado y de crecimiento maduro, cubría 334 ha en 1994 y para 2019 alcanzó 410 ha. En cuanto a las masas forestales artificiales, las plantaciones de eucalipto han sido las más extendidas, pues en 1994 representaban 3.7% y 5.2% en 2019. El índice de Puyvaraud (2003) reveló un incremento de la masa forestal de 1.05% por año. Por supuesto, el dosel de la masa forestal no aumenta realmente a ese ritmo, más bien dichas masas se establecieron hasta que fueron visibles en imagen satelital como un dosel establecido. El índice de cohesión de Jaeger (2000) indica nula probabilidad (tanto en 1994 como en 2019) del encuentro de dos organismos de la misma especie hipotéticamente dispuestos al azar en el paisaje. El índice de disección (Bowen y Burgess, 1981) arroja un valor de 5.84% en 1994 y de 8.42% en 2019, lo que indica que el paisaje se ha vuelto más disperso en 3.42% con respecto a la similitud de un círculo de la misma área que todos los parches, es decir, se ha vuelto de un grano más fino. La matriz de Márkov revela las transiciones más representativas (descartando las transiciones a urbanización). Los pastizales se volvieron matorral xerófilo; los matorrales se convirtieron en bosque heterogéneo y encinar; el matorral xerófilo en plantaciones de eucalipto, los matorrales y pastizales en masas de pirul, y los matorrales y pastizales en bosquetes artificiales de pino, casuarina y cedro blanco. Se encontró una correlación de 0.5 para 1994 y de 0.06 para 2019. En general, la cubierta vegetal se ha visto afectada casi en su totalidad por causas humanas, sea con impacto ambiental negativo, como la construcción de colonias, o impacto positivo, como las reforestaciones. Los índices paisajísticos indican que, salvo las plantaciones de eucalipto, la mayoría de las comunidades forestales se han vuelto mosaicos pequeños, dispersos, y con poca área núcleo, configurando un paisaje de grano fino; asimismo, la retracción de la frontera forestal ha promovido mayor fragmentación.

Este estudio analizó las relaciones entre la riqueza de especies-área y la diversidad filogenética-área en la flora relictual del bosque seco tropical en el valle del río Cauca en Colombia, utilizando un listado de especies de 38 relictos de bosque seco. Se encontró que la riqueza de plantas se ajusta al modelo relación especies-área (SAR), aunque con pendientes más pronunciadas que las islas de hábitat, y que la dispersión de las especies afectó el modelo SAR. Además, las comunidades de plantas presentaron un patrón de anidamiento. El clima no influyó en la riqueza de plantas, pero sí en la composición de especies. La diversidad filogenética no estuvo relacionada con el área, pero se incrementó el agrupamiento filogenético con la misma. En conclusión, la limitación en la dispersión es el factor que estructura la riqueza de plantas en los relictos del bosque seco tropical.

El género de ciencia ficción representa escenas que en el siglo xix parecían lejanas e incluso inconcebibles para el ser humano, sin embargo, estos escenarios ya eran parte de la literatura, gracias a la creación de mundos distópicos en historias como Frankenstein o El moderno Prometeo de Mary Shelley, Viaje al centro de la Tierra de Julio Verne o La guerra de los mundos de H. G. Wells, por mencionar algunos. Andrea Chapela con su libro Ansibles, perfiladores y otras máquinas de ingenio expone diferentes historias en las que la tecnología es el contexto futurista de personajes que muestran la complejidad del ser humano. En este trabajo se examina el cuento “En proceso”, el cual es un relato breve que utiliza la autoficción como elemento estructural de la diégesis, pero también es la representación del cuerpo fragmentado del personaje. Asimismo, se presenta a la memoria y la dicotomía vida-muerte como unidades de configuración de la escritura del yo.

El presente artículo consiste en una aproximación inicial al asunto de las inmunidades del estado y su desarrollo normativo y teórico. También aborda la influencia de la fragmentación del derecho internacional y el surgimiento de actores no estatales y elementos institucionales dispersos en la inobservancia de las inmunidades soberanas.

La distribución y rango geográfico de Cynomys mexicanus se estudió a través de bases de datos geográficas (BDG) y recorridos a pie en los estados de Coahuila, Nuevo León y San Luis Potosí, donde se ubicaron colonias activas (CA) de la especie. Se realizó una búsqueda de información en el período 1985- 2022 para identificar BDG de CA que se proyectaron en Google Earth® para eliminar inconsistencias geográficas. Se comprobaron los registros en campo y se generó otra BDG a la que se le llamó distribución actual (DA), se estimaron índices de fragmentación de: interacción entre CA (li), aislamiento (ri) y conectividad (ai). Fue posible obtener ocho BDG, seis de ellas libres de inconsistencias geográficas, lo común fue carecer del Datum. La superficie de DA de CA estimada fue de 231.20 km2, disminuyó 28.20% con respecto al 2004 (322 km2) y 11.70% comparada con 2012 (284.22 km2). A través de un análisis de componentes principales (ACP) y análisis multivariado discriminante (MANOVA) se evaluaron las relaciones estadísticas de los índices de fragmentación de las CA, las cuales mostraron que el aislamiento (ri) y conectividad (ai) explicaron la relación de las CA en los tres estados donde se distribuyen.

Nuestro objetivo fue estimar la riqueza y prevalencia de parásitos gastrointestinales presentes en dos subespecies del mono aullador en Panamá (Alouatta coibensis trabeata y Alouatta palliata aequatorialis). Para la localización de los individuos se recorrieron caminos reales en el corregimiento de llano Grande, Ocú, Herrera (sitio 1) y el sendero del Camino del Oleoducto del Parque Nacional Soberanía (sitio 2), donde hicimos búsqueda directa en el dosel e indirecta por rastro (vocalizaciones) con Azimut. Para la colecta de las muestras se esperó que lo individuos defecaran, luego tomamos la parte superficial de las heces para colocarlas en envases con formol al 10%. Logrando la colecta de 15 muestras en el sitio 1 y 17 en el sitio 2. Utilizamos el método de Ritchie para procesar las muestras y en la identificación de los parásitos utilizamos un microscopio con objetivos de 10x y 40x. Se encontró una riqueza total de nueve géneros de parásitos entre ambas áreas, con una diferencia de géneros del 20% según el índice de Whittaker (1960). En las muestras de A. c. trabeata (sitio 1) calculamos una riqueza parasitaria de siete, el parásito con mayor prevalencia fue Entamoeba sp., (66.7%). En las muestras de A. p. aequatorialis (sitio 2) encontramos una riqueza parasitaria de nueve, el parasito con mayor prevalencia fue Ascaris sp. (64.7%). No se encontró diferencia s en la riqueza parasitaria (Chi2 =0.6, df=1, p=0.438). La presencia de algunos géneros de parásitos podría indicar una posible antropozoonosis, se recomienda hacer pruebas moleculares para la confirmación de las especies.

Tropical montane bird communities are hypothesized to be highly sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance because species are adapted to a narrow range of environmental conditions and display high rates of endemism. We assessed avian sensitivity at regional and continental scales for a global epicenter of montane bird biodiversity, the tropical Andes. Using data from an intensive field study of cloud forest bird communities across 7 landscapes undergoing agricultural conversion in northern Peru (1800–3100 m, 2016–2017) and a pan‐Andean synthesis of forest bird sensitivity, we developed management strategies for maintaining avian biodiversity in tropical countrysides and examined how environmental specialization predicts species‐specific sensitivity to disturbance. In Peru, bird communities occupying countryside habitats contained 29–93% fewer species compared with those in forests and were compositionally distinct due to high levels of species turnover. Fragments of mature forest acted as reservoirs for forest bird diversity, especially when large or surrounded by mixed successional vegetation. In high‐intensity agricultural plots, an addition of 10 silvopasture trees or 10% more fencerows per hectare increased species richness by 18–20%. Insectivores and frugivores were most sensitive to disturbance: abundance of 40–70% of species declined in early successional vegetation and silvopasture. These results were supported by our synthesis of 816 montane bird species studied across the Andes. At least 25% of the species declined due to all forms of disturbance, and the percentage rose to 60% in agricultural landscapes. The most sensitive species were those with narrow elevational ranges and small global range sizes, insectivores and carnivores, and species with specialized trophic niches. We recommend protecting forest fragments, especially large ones, and increasing connectivity through the maintenance of early successional vegetation and silvopastoral trees that increase avian diversity in pastures. We provide lists of species‐specific sensitivities to anthropogenic disturbance to inform conservation status assessments of Andean birds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En la modernidad, el proceso de urbanización ha sido cada vez más desigual. El caso de México no es la excepción, y ha sido particularmente notorio desde la adopción de políticas neoliberales. En la Zona Metropolitana de Querétaro (ZMQ), desde finales del siglo XX, el crecimiento urbano ha respondido principalmente a su papel como polo de desarrollo dentro de la región del Bajío, debido a su dinamismo manufacturero vinculado a mercados internacionales. Este artículo analiza la producción desigual del espacio urbano en la ZMQ a través de la dispersión, fragmentación y (auto)segregación, con el avance de dos desarrollos residenciales plus (Zibatá y El Campanario) en contraste con los desarrollos de vivienda social o media aledaños. La metodología consistió en caracterizar los nuevos desarrollos residenciales con herramientas de mapeo e investigación documental, así como con visitas a las zonas de estudio. La ZMQ permite dar cuenta de cómo se ha producido un espacio fragmentado y (auto) segregado, un modelo de ciudad que requiere replantearse a través de un análisis crítico del sistema capitalista. In modernity, the process of urbanization has become increasingly uneven. The case of Mexico is no exception, and has been particularly noticeable since the adoption of neoliberal policies. In the Metropolitan Area of Querétaro (ZMQ), since the late twentieth century, urban growth has primarily occurred in response to the role of the ZMQ as a development hub within the Bajío region due to manufacturing linked to international markets. This article analyzes the uneven production of urban space in the ZMQ through dispersion, fragmentation, and (self) segregation, focusing on the advancement of two "residencial plus" developments (Zibatá and El Campanario) in contrast to adjacent social or middle-class housing developments. The methodology involved characterizing the new residential developments using mapping tools and documentary research, as well as site visits. The uneven nature of the ZMQ's urban growth serves as an example of how fragmented and (self)segregated spaces have been produced, a city model that needs reconsideration through a critical analysis of the capitalist system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Methaodos: Social Science Journal / Methaodos: Revista de Ciencias Sociales is the property of Departamento de Ciencias de la Comunicacion y Sociologia, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales is the property of Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Se evalúa el paisaje de la microcuenca del río Liguay, Región del Maule, Chile, el que ha experimentado importantes transformaciones debido al modelo de desarrollo productivo chileno, que promueve la industria agrícola y forestal. En el análisis de la zona de estudio, se utilizó una imagen satelital Land Cover 2014, reclasificando sus coberturas con el software Arcgis 10.8 y calculando las métricas, a través de Fragstats versión 4.2.1. Los resultados revelan una alta degradación del paisaje, caracterizada por la escasez de humedales, tierras desnudas y cuerpos de agua, así como por la fragmentación en la cantidad, densidad y complejidad de los parches. Se propone implementar medidas de mitigación para enfrentar la degradación y fragmentación del paisaje, enfatizando la importancia de la conservación de la biodiversidad y gestión sostenible de la microcuenca, para promover la sustentabilidad en la Región del Maule.

El artículo analiza las decisiones de las altas cortes que apuntan a alterar las agendas gubernamentales en términos de lograr intersectorialidad. Para esto, se propone un estudio comparativo de la judicialización de los efectos de la contaminación en ríos de Buenos Aires y Bogotá que muestra que, a pesar de que las decisiones responden a condiciones contextuales muy específicas, definen medidas similares para el manejo de la fragmentación de la acción estatal, con una diferencia importante en cuanto a los mecanismos de seguimiento y control de la implementación. El artículo contribuye a posicionar a las cortes como actores importantes en el diseño de políticas públicas que reconozcan la fragmentación de la acción pública como origen de los problemas ambientales; y plantea la necesidad de ampliar la investigación sobre los resultados y efectos de este tipo de decisiones judiciales para entender su capacidad de estructurar cambios sostenidos en dichas políticas.

Este artículo tiene como propósito revisar los desbalances y desafíos que ha presentado la internacionalización del campo de estudios de la comunicación en América Latina. En la región, la fortaleza de los programas universitarios de estudios en comunicación conduce, por lo general, a la creación de asociaciones académicas nacionales, impulsoras de la internacionalización. No obstante, este proceso lejos de ser terso y sin contradicciones está condicionado por las influencias de organismos y tendencias internacionales o nacionales, la disparidad entre las naciones, así como por la fragmentación y dispersión de los productos de investigación.

En Colombia la fragmentación de ecosistemas naturales, las actividades agrícolas y ganaderas han generado perdida en el hábitat natural del oso andino (Tremarctos ornatus), por lo cual, sus registros no son frecuentes. Aquí reportamos un nuevo registro del oso para el municipio de Salamina, Norte del departamento de Caldas. El reporte fue obtenido por una cámara trampa, en un sector de relictos de bosque de galería en el orobioma Andino de la Cordillera Central.

The cerambycid beetle Rosalia alpinais associated with temperate, broadleaved (mainly beech) forests containing dead or decaying wood. This species is protected under the Habitats Directive of the European Union. Given its narrow ecological niche and limited dispersal abilities, habitat fragmentation is a conservation concern for populations of R. alpina. In order to maximise the effectiveness of habitat restoration, a scientifically sound procedure for patch selection is needed. In Gipuzkoa (N Spain), we used Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) images to search for 20x20-m cells matching the parameterisation of a predictive and local habitat model for R. alpinaat the tree level. The cells selected under quantitative criteria were clustered to identify potential habitat patches. Conefor Sensinode software was used to estimate the importance of each of those patches in terms of the connectivity of the population, based on dispersal distances of R. alpinaand the probabilities of dispersing events among patches. We identified 380 potential habitat patches, mostly in the south-eastern sector of the study area, which were classified into “core areas” and “connecting areas”. The performance of the model was tested in the field (61% of correct assignations), although the actual occurrence of R. alpinawithin the habitat patches should be assessed in the future. This model represents a step forward in guiding the cost-effective implementation of conservation activities, through a strict preservation of the current core habitat patches and an increase in the size of connecting patches.Therefore, we show that connectivity models combining remote sensing data and local habitat selection can be an aid in conservation planning and restoration actions, probably outperforming less efficient strategies, such as random or expert selection. RESUMEN: El escarabajo cerambícido Rosalia alpinaestá asociado a los bosques templados de frondosas (principalmente hayas) que albergan madera muerta o en descomposición. La especie está protegida bajo la Directiva de Hábitats de la Unión Europea. Dado su estrecho nicho ecológico y su limitada capacidad de dispersión, la fragmentación de su hábitat es un problema de conservación para las poblaciones de R. alpina. Para maximizar la efectividad de la restauración del hábitat, se necesita un procedimiento científicamente sólido para la selección de parches forestales sobre los que intervenir. En Gipuzkoa (norte de España) utilizamos imágenes LiDAR para buscar celdas de 20x20 m que se ajustaran a la parametrización de un modelo predictivo local de hábitat para R. alpinaa nivel de árbol. Las celdas seleccionadas bajo criterios cuantitativos fueron agrupadas para identificar parches de hábitat potencial. Se utilizó el software Conefor Sensinode para estimar la importancia de cada uno de estos parches en términos de conectividad para la población, con base en las distancias de dispersión de R. alpinay la probabilidad de eventos de dispersión entre parches. Se identificaron 380 parches de hábitat potencial, mayoritariamente en el sector sureste del área de estudio, que fueron clasificados como “áreas centrales” o “áreas de conexión”. La ejecutoria del modelo fue testada en campo (61 % de asignaciones correctas), si bien la presencia real de R. alpinaen los parches de hábitat debería ser confirmada en el futuro. Este modelo constituye un avance para guiar la implementación de actividades de conservación de manera eficiente, mediante la protección estricta de “áreas centrales” y el incremento del tamaño de las “áreas de conexión”. Por lo tanto, mostramos que los modelos de conectividad que combinan datos de detección remota y selección local del hábitat pueden asistir en la planificación de la conservación y en las acciones de restauración específicas, seguramente mejorando los resultados de estrategias menos eficientes, como la selección al azar o basada en criterio experto.

Copyright of Revista CS is the property of Rafael Silva Vega and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of MATRIZes is the property of Universidade de Sao Paulo, Programa de Pos Graduacao em Ciencias da Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gestión y Ambiente is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study analyzed the relationships between species-area richness and phylogenetic diversity-area in the relict flora of the tropical dry forest in the Cauca River valley in Colombia, using a species list from 38 relict sites. The results showed that plant richness followed the species-area relationship (SAR) model, albeit with steeper slopes than expected for habitat islands, and that species dispersion affected the SAR model. Additionally, plant communities showed a nested pattern. Climate did not influence plant richness, but it did affect species composition. Phylogenetic diversity was not related to area, but phylogenetic clustering increased with it. As a conclusion, dispersion limitation is the factor that structures plant richness in tropical dry forest relicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the 2002 general elections, Costa Rica has moved from a two-party system to an increasingly fragmented one. The erosion of historical loyalties and the dealignment of parties has generated a scenario of partisan fluidity that has been accompanied by a widening gap between parties and society. This paper identifies the main indicators of change, based on a segmented analysis over time: the period of bipolarity (1953- 1986), bipartisanship (1986-2002) and multipartyism (2002- present). These indicators, in turn, are brought into discussion with citizens' levels of voter turnout and elites' perceptions of the role of parties. Few differences are observed between the legislators of old and new parties, although we detect that legislators of the newest parties have a more pessimist view regarding integration between parties and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design, implementation and management of productive agricultural systems that include the incorporation of the tree component as a strategic axis to safeguard ecosystem diversity in the regions is vital when preserving local biodiversity and recovering the ecological connectivity of forest fragments in watersheds. The heterogeneity of the landscape, the diversity of crops in productive agricultural systems and the analysis of dispersed trees in productive rural properties are part of the constituent aspects for the study of connectivity at local and regional scales, determining changes in vegetation cover, the provision of genetic material and even establishing local points for ecosystem restoration actions. This research evaluated the land covers of 32 farms located in the municipalities of Chipaque, Cáqueza, Quetame and Guayabetal, in the east of Cundinamarca and analyzed the connectivity indicators generated by the remaining trees in order to establish indicators that will allow optimizing reforestation processes in the future. Eight properties were selected for each of the municipalities. The information was collected directly in the field based on measurements of areas, cover and floristic inventories on a property-by-property basis. Fragstats software version 4.2.1 was used to facilitate the analysis of the information. The study shows that, in some cases, the most abundant cover corresponds to pastures, but in other cases there are important patches of forest that can be considered to guide future reforestation processes more efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The establishment of natural protected areas is one of the most effective strategies to conserve forests and their biodiversity; however, the uncontrolled advance of deforestation resulting from the change of use to expand the agricultural frontier has become a threat to these intangible areas. This research aimed to analyze the dynamics of forest cover in Parque Nacional Tingo María (PNTM) and its buffer zone (ZA) located in the high jungle of the Huánuco region of Peru. The main input was Sentinel-2 images that were classified using the Random Forest algorithm. As a result, coverage maps were obtained for the study area corresponding to the years 2017, 2019, 2021 and 2023, achieving considerable thematic accuracy. During the evaluation periods, the rates of change from forest to non-forest within the PNTM presented low values -0.26% (2017 - 2019); -1.24% (2019 - 2021) and -0.02% (2021 - 2023). While the forests in the ZA have undergone a dynamic transition, with rates of change of -2.97%; -4.39% and -1.15% derived from land use change. The landscape metrics suggest that the forests of the PNTM are moderately fragmented, and the forests of the ZA are strongly fragmented, which leads to the conclusion that the protected natural area has fulfilled its objective of maintaining vegetation cover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tropelías: Revista de Teoría de la Literatura y Literatura Comparada is the property of Prensas Universitarias de Zaragoza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Carta Económica Regional is the property of Universidad de Guadalajara and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Understanding how changes in landscape properties influence common species is relevant as it allows us to identify patterns that could be shared with co-distributed species that occupy the same landscapes. The northeastern United States (NE-USA: New York state and the six states of New England) is heavily urbanized and affected by continuous and prolonged anthropogenic activities, leading to intensive landscape fragmentation and loss of natural forests. Here, we used a landscape genetics approach to explore the genetic diversity and structure of the Southern Flying Squirrel, Glaucomys volans , and how resulting patterns may be related to landscape fragmentation and forest loss in the NE-USA. To study G. volans genetic variation and population structure, we amplified and genotyped 10 microsatellites loci from DNA extracted from tissue samples stored in biological collections and natural history museums. To assess the influence of landscape on gene flow and connectivity, we used two genetic distances metrics–proportion of shared alleles and codominant marker, and tested two landscape cost models approaches–least cost path and isolation by resistance. We identified three genetic clusters, with low but significant genetic differentiation between them. We did not find correlation between geographic distance and genetic variation in these populations. According to landscape models, land cover and elevation were the best predictors of genetic connectivity of G. volans , although were poorly related to genetic distances. Our results suggest that gene flow occurs between G. volans populations across the NE-USA despite the changed landscape configuration, implying potential dispersal of individuals between patches. Nonetheless, individuals from the eastern periphery of the distribution may have been temporarily isolated in the past due to historical deforestation. The current regeneration of hardwood forests represents a positive outlook for the genetic integrity of G. volans populations in the NE-USA because more possibilities for corridors and patches of habitable forests emerge. These changes would improve the connectivity of the species in the region and avoid possible local extinction events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Poligramas is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The loss of large animals due to overhunting and habitat loss potentially affects tropical tree populations and carbon cycling. Trees reliant on large‐bodied seed dispersers are thought to be particularly negatively affected by defaunation. But besides seed dispersal, defaunation can also increase or decrease seed predation. It remains unclear how these different defaunation effects on early life stages ultimately affect tree population dynamics. We reviewed the literature on how tropical animal loss affects different plant life stages, and we conducted a meta‐analysis of how defaunation affects seed predation. We used this information to parameterize models that altered matrix projection models from a suite of tree species to simulate defaunation‐caused changes in seed dispersal and predation. We assessed how applying these defaunation effects affected population growth rates. On average, population‐level effects of defaunation were negligible, suggesting that defaunation may not cause the massive reductions in forest carbon storage that have been predicted. In contrast to previous hypotheses, we did not detect an effect of seed size on changes in seed predation rates. The change in seed predation did not differ significantly between exclosure experiments and observational studies, although the results of observational studies were far more variable. Although defaunation surely affects certain tree taxa, species that benefit or are harmed by it and net changes in forest carbon storage cannot currently be predicted based on available data. Further research on how factors such as seed predation vary across tree species and defaunation scenarios is necessary for understanding cascading changes in species composition and diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El establecimiento de áreas naturales protegidas es una de las estrategias más efectivas para conservar los bosques y su biodiversidad, sin embargo; el avance descontrolado de la deforestación producto del cambio de uso para ampliar la frontera agrícola se ha convertido en una amenaza para estas áreas intangibles. La investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar la dinámica de la cobertura boscosa del Parque Nacional Tingo María (PNTM) y su zona de amortiguamiento (ZA) ubicados en la selva alta de la región Huánuco - Perú. Para lo cual se utilizó como insumo principal imágenes Sentinel-2 que fueron clasificadas utilizando el algoritmo Random Forest. Como resultado, se obtuvo los mapas de cobertura de la zona de estudio que corresponde a los años 2017, 2019, 2021 y 2023 logrando una exactitud temática considerable. Durante los periodos de evaluación, las tasas de cambio de bosque a no bosque dentro del PNTM presentaron valores bajos -0,26% (2017 – 2019); -1,24% (2019 – 2021) y -0,02% (2021 – 2023). Mientras que los bosques de la ZA han sufrido una transición dinámica, con tasas de cambio de -2,97%; -4,39% y -1,15% derivado del cambio de uso de las tierras. Las métricas del paisaje sugieren que los bosques del PNTM se encuentran moderadamente fragmentados y los bosques de la ZA se encuentran fuertemente fragmentados, por lo que se concluye que el área natural protegida ha cumplido con el objetivo de mantener la cobertura vegetal.

Este artículo presenta y estudia la Red de archivos literarios latinoamericanos, fundada en Montevideo, en 2018. Se hace referencia a la tradición de archivos locales cuya articulación en redes se remonta a la época precolombina. Propone la investigación de la red de los archivos situados en el locus latinoamericano como fuente plural de conocimiento y como vía de acceso a una teoría situada, en relación con la fragmentación del sujeto latinoamericano y su memoria. Reflexiona sobre la naturaleza híbrida de sus fuentes, sus soportes diversos, sus sustentos interculturales y sus sustratos cognitivos y metacognitivos reconfigurados por el giro digital. Abstract The article introduces and studies the Latin American Literary Archives Network, founded in Montevideo on 2018. It makes reference to the tradition of local archives which, articulated in a network, go back to the precolumbian era. It proposes the research of those archives as plural sources of knowledge as well as a way of access to a located theory, related to the fragmentation of the Latin American subject and his memory. It considers the hybrid nature of their sources, their different supports, their interculturals basis and their cognitives and metacognitives basis reshaped by the digital realm. DOI: https://zenodo.org/record/8212565