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The context of interwar period Czechoslovakia lacks a formal on both the personality and built artefacts on the often overlooked Bratislava builder, Rudolf Frič. Small-scale architecture tends to be undervalued because of its size, utility, multiplicity, or related momentariness, and because of the automatic consideration of its banality. This paper aims to analyse their architectural qualities presented in concrete typologies and realisations. Tram shelters, gas stations, mausoleums, and small detached houses are thus researched. Their architectural values, both in construction and in form, are identified and clarified. On the other hand, it is noted that the scale and ephemerality conditioned by the utility character are the crucial reasons for their undervaluation. This is especially the case of traffic buildings, where the same dynamic that initiated their origin also resulted in their end, as they become obsolete rather soon. Some of these projects by Frič such as: Rybáček House, Polák Tram stop, the Zikmund Brothers’ gas station, as well as the Frič family tomb, are confronted with other relevant realisations, prove that small-scale architectural objects and peripheral typologies have the architectural qualities for which they would deserve the public and professional interest. Moreover, these objects reflect their variety, being situated in diverse urban situations, from the architecturally and historically intact city centre, through to newly urbanised dwelling area, urban periphery up to a provincial town. Additionally, they illustrate the asymmetric position of the Slovak situation compared to the Czech one, particularly in transport architecture. The presented works characterise the style of Frič based on the high-quality craftsmanship details rather than explicit architectural forms. This transfer of new typologies and structural forms with partial urban impacts, underscores the neglected and crucial contribution to architecture by Frič.

The context of interwar period Czechoslovakia lacks a formal on both the personality and built artefacts on the often overlooked Bratislava builder, Rudolf Frič. Small-scale architecture tends to be undervalued because of its size, utility, multiplicity, or related momentariness, and because of the automatic consideration of its banality. This paper aims to analyse their architectural qualities presented in concrete typologies and realisations. Tram shelters, gas stations, mausoleums, and small detached houses are thus researched. Their architectural values, both in construction and in form, are identified and clarified. On the other hand, it is noted that the scale and ephemerality conditioned by the utility character are the crucial reasons for their undervaluation. This is especially the case of traffic buildings, where the same dynamic that initiated their origin also resulted in their end, as they become obsolete rather soon. Some of these projects by Frič such as: Rybáček House, Polák Tram stop, the Zikmund Brothers' gas station, as well as the Frič family tomb, are confronted with other relevant realisations, prove that small-scale architectural objects and peripheral typologies have the architectural qualities for which they would deserve the public and professional interest. Moreover, these objects reflect their variety, being situated in diverse urban situations, from the architecturally and historically intact city centre, through to newly urbanised dwelling area, urban periphery up to a provincial town. Additionally, they illustrate the asymmetric position of the Slovak situation compared to the Czech one, particularly in transport architecture. The presented works characterise the style of Frič based on the high-quality craftsmanship details rather than explicit architectural forms. This transfer of new typologies and structural forms with partial urban impacts, underscores the neglected and crucial contribution to architecture by Frič. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation of an independent Czechoslovak Republic created a space for the institutionalisation of health and social care as a reflection of the government’s social policy. It became crucial to modernise and expand the network of health and social facilities. Although there were medical advances in institutional care for people with mental and physical disabilities, attempts at social inclusion were rare. Few innovative institutions existed that pioneered social inclusion of clients through proper education and adaptable architecture. This topic, as reflected in the architecture of the Institute for People with Nervous and Mental Health Disorders in Pezinok and the Masaryk Institute for Young People with Intellectual and Physical Disabilities in Bratislava, is the focus of this paper. The Pezinok Institute was the first clinic in central Europe to offer treatment of children with epilepsy. It was believed that elementary education and practical skills would socialise clients, adapt them to general society, and decrease their dependence on the government and their relatives. So, in addition to effective work therapy and hippotherapy, the institute also planned to educate clients in the envisaged school. The Masaryk Institute, as the first of its kind in Slovakia, aimed not only to establish institutional health and social care of people with both intellectual and physical disabilities, but also to integrate them into the society. Its initiator, Karol Koch, was convinced that it was indispensable to adapt the architecture to the needs of the people with disabilities, while not allowing the people with disabilities to feel that their environment differs from that of the others. The innovative nature of the institute’s programme was imprinted in its progressive functionalist design. This paper aims to identify crucial problems, confront visions and reality, and to prove that, despite difficulties and minor results, even at that time, there were innovative architectural and medical reflections on the needs of people with disabilities.

The formation of an independent Czechoslovak Republic created a space for the institutionalisation of health and social care as a reflection of the government's social policy. It became crucial to modernise and expand the network of health and social facilities. Although there were medical advances in institutional care for people with mental and physical disabilities, attempts at social inclusion were rare. Few innovative institutions existed that pioneered social inclusion of clients through proper education and adaptable architecture. This topic, as reflected in the architecture of the Institute for People with Nervous and Mental Health Disorders in Pezinok and the Masaryk Institute for Young People with Intellectual and Physical Disabilities in Bratislava, is the focus of this paper. The Pezinok Institute was the first clinic in central Europe to offer treatment of children with epilepsy. It was believed that elementary education and practical skills would socialise clients, adapt them to general society, and decrease their dependence on the government and their relatives. So, in addition to effective work therapy and hippotherapy, the institute also planned to educate clients in the envisaged school. The Masaryk Institute, as the first of its kind in Slovakia, aimed not only to establish institutional health and social care of people with both intellectual and physical disabilities, but also to integrate them into the society. Its initiator, Karol Koch, was convinced that it was indispensable to adapt the architecture to the needs of the people with disabilities, while not allowing the people with disabilities to feel that their environment differs from that of the others. The innovative nature of the institute's programme was imprinted in its progressive functionalist design. This paper aims to identify crucial problems, confront visions and reality, and to prove that, despite difficulties and minor results, even at that time, there were innovative architectural and medical reflections on the needs of people with disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Friction wedge is an important damping component of three-piece freight bogies, and the better damping performance is beneficial to improving the stability of the vehicle operation. This paper introduces an effective method for numerical simulation of dry friction system and the related experiment was conducted to verify the correctness of the method. On the basis of conducting the experimental of dry friction model to test the lateral and tangential forces of the dry friction, the dynamic friction coefficient under different speeds and pressures was calculated. The most suitable dry friction model was obtained by comparing the fitting accuracy of different models. The fitting accuracy of the neural network model is above 0.9, which is much higher than other models. Pressure is an important parameter of the friction coefficient and should be taken into account in the model. The dynamic implicit procedure was adopted in the simulation process with Abaqus/Standard solver, the user-subroutine FRIC integrated in the commercial package ABAQUS was coded to study the rate and pressure dependent dynamic friction during the movement of dry friction system. The calculation result is basically consistent with the experiment when the neural network model is combined with the user-subroutine FRIC. The feasibility of the co-simulation analysis method is verified. The neural network model is more accurate and convenient to establish the dynamic friction model, avoiding the difficulty of choosing the the dry friction model. It is verified that the neural network model can be used in finite element analysis, which provides a new idea for the combination of neural network and traditional calculation methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reservoir shorelines are usually colonized by submerged macrophytes, which may select fish species that are able to thrive in these environments, consequently influencing the functional diversity of fish assemblages. However, there are also intense anthropogenic activities in these environments (macrophyte removal), which may also affect the functional diversity of fish communities. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of anthropogenic activities and habitat complexity provided by submerged macrophytes on the functional diversity of the ichthyofauna of reservoirs. Fish sampling was carried out at three stations in marginal areas of the Itaipu reservoir, located in sites near and apart from artificial sand beaches and with and without submerged macrophytes. The functional traits used were morphometric measurements taken from sampled fish (intraspecific traits), which were used to calculate three functional diversity indices: functional richness, evenness, and divergence. In general, no patterns were found for the functional diversity indices concerning macrophyte removal (among sampling sites). In contrast, habitat complexity did influence the functional diversity of fish assemblages, with results differ depending on macrophyte density. While functional richness was higher with greater habitat complexity, the opposite was evidenced for functional evenness and divergence. These findings reinforce the importance of different habitats for the maintenance of fish functional diversity in marginal areas of reservoirs. They also contribute to the implementation of macrophyte management for the maintenance of fish biodiversity and the establishment of priority areas for conservation and tourism in these environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the Anthropocene the functional diversity of coral communities is changing rapidly, putting the resilience of many coral reef ecosystems in jeopardy. A better understanding of the relationship between coral functional diversity and reef resilience could reveal practical ways to achieve increased resilience. However, manipulating coral diversity experimentally is challenging, and consequently the links between coral functional diversity, resilience, and ecosystem functioning remain obscure. We used an ecologically detailed agent-based model to conduct a virtual experiment in which functional diversity was manipulated over the entire trait space of scleractinian corals. Using an imputed trait dataset of 798 coral species and eight key functional traits, we assembled 245 functionally distinct coral communities, which we subjected to a cyclone and bleaching event. We then measured four different aspects of their resilience and quantified for each measure the respective effect of (i) the functional richness (FRic), and (ii) community-weighted means (CWM) of four types of trait: effect, resistance, recovery, and competitive. FRic represents the volume occupied by a community in the functional space, while CWM indicates the location of the communities’ centroid in the functional space. We found a significant and positive effect of FRic on three measures of resilience: communities with higher FRic recovered surface cover faster and had more rugosity and cover 10 years after the disturbances. In contrast, the resistance of the coral community—i.e., the capacity to maintain surface cover when subjected to the disturbances—was independent of FRic and was determined primarily by the CWM of resistance traits. By analyzing community dynamics and functional trade-offs, we show that FRic increases resilience via the selection and the insurance effects due to the presence of competitive species in the functional space, i.e., those highly dominant species that contribute the most to the complexity of the habitat and recover quickly from disturbances. Building from the results of our experiment and the trait correlation analysis, we discuss the potential for FRic to serve as a proxy measure of resilience and we present a strategy that can provide direction to on-going reef restoration efforts, and pave the way for sustaining coral communities in a context of rapid global change.

El artículo examina el litigio entre Robert Lehmann-Nitsche y Alberto Vojtěch Frič en torno a los derechos de propiedad de Guido Boggiani. Se analizan una serie de documentos escritos relevados en el Archivo Histórico del Museo de La Plata y en el Instituto Ibero-Americano de Berlín. En 1901 murió Guido Boggiani, dejando en Argentina y Paraguay una gran cantidad de materiales producidos durante sus expediciones. En 1904, Lehmann-Nitsche publicó La Colección Boggiani de Tipos Indígenas de Sudamérica Central, que reunía una serie de fotografías en formato postal tomadas por Boggiani durante sus viajes. La obra le valió a Lehmann-Nitsche el reconocimiento del espacio científico-académico, pero desencadenó un litigio iniciado por Frič. Subyace al litigio el debate en torno al carácter desinteresado, universal, libre de valores religiosos, morales y políticos de una disciplina en proceso de consolidación a nivel local. Se muestra la relevancia de este tipo de episodios en la caracterización del alcance y significado que en cada época se atribuye al ethos científico.

Copyright of Runa: Archivo para las Ciencias del Hombre is the property of Runa: Archivo para las Ciencias del Hombre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The arachnological collection of the National Museum, Prague contains material preserved in ethanol and a microscopic slide of Recent sea spiders (Pycnogonida: Pantopoda). The collection is small, containing only twelve specimens. A revision of all of them revealed the presence of nine species from five families: Anoplodactylus lentus Wilson, 1878, Boreonymphon abyssorum (Norman, 1873), Callipallene sp., Endeis spinosa (Montagu, 1808), Nymphon grossipes (Fabricius, 1780), Nymphon hirtipes Bell, 1853, Nymphon stroemi Krøyer, 1844, Nymphon tenellum (Sars, 1888) and Pycnogonum litorale (Ström, 1762). The material preserved in ethanol was collected in the North Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas, the pycnogonid mounted on the slide was collected in Mediterranean. Four of the sea spiders came from the Sars collection (Bergen, Norway) and four specimens came from the V. Frič collection (Prague, Czech Republic). From these two sources, six specimens were mounted for exhibition and educational purposes. Although the collection contains no types, it introduces an interesting group of marine animals.

Copyright of Intersecciones en Antropología is the property of Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The arachnological collection of the National Museum, Prague contains material preserved in ethanol and a microscopic slide of recent sea spiders (Pycnogonida: Pantopoda). The collection is small, containing only twelve specimens. A revision of all of them revealed the presence of nine species from five families: Anoplodactylus lentus Wilson, 1878, Boreonymphon abyssorum (Norman, 1873), Callipallene sp., Endeis spinosa (Montagu, 1808), Nymphon grossipes (Fabricius, 1780), Nymphon hirtipes Bell, 1853, Nymphon stroemi Krøyer, 1844, Nymphon tenellum (Sars, 1888) and Pycnogonum litorale (Ström, 1762). The material preserved in ethanol was collected in the North Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas, the pycnogonid mounted on the slide was collected in Mediterranean. Four of the sea spiders came from the Sars collection (Bergen, Norway) and four specimens came from the V. Frič collection (Prague, Czech Republic). From these two sources, six specimens were mounted for exhibition and educational purposes. Although the collection contains no types, it introduces an interesting group of marine animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel system for integrated structural strengthening and fire protection of concrete columns is proposed. • Fibre-reinforced intumescent coatings (FRIC) can provide effective confinement to concrete at ambient temperature. • The paper presents a study of FRIC-wrapped concrete cylinders tested in uniaxial compression. • The composite intumescent system shows comparable confining performance with conventional FRP wraps. This paper considers a novel, alternative application of fibre-reinforced epoxy-based intumescent coatings as potential materials for strengthening concrete columns. An experimental programme is presented examining the compressive behaviour of unreinforced concrete cylinders at ambient temperature that are confined with fibre-reinforced intumescent wraps. It is demonstrated that these advanced composite coatings can provide effective passive confinement to concrete, achieving ultimate axial strength and strain enhancements that are comparable to those of conventional FRP wraps. The enhancements are also shown to be reasonably predicted by existing confinement models for FRP-confined concrete. The results demonstrate the strong potential of these fire protection materials as alternative strengthening systems for reinforced concrete columns, potentially eliminating the need for additional passive fire protection that is common with conventional fire-rated FRP wrapping systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]