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Background Although levodopa-induced dyskinesia-relevant white matter change has been evaluated, it is uncertain whether these changes may reflect the underlying predisposing conditions leading to the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Objective To elucidate the role of white matter connectivity networks in the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia in drug-naive Parkinson's disease. Methods We recruited 30 patients who developed levodopa-induced dyskinesia within 5 years from MRI acquisition (vulnerable-group), 47 patients who had not developed levodopa-induced dyskinesia within 5 years (resistant-group), and 28 controls. We performed comparative analyses of whole-brain white matter integrity and connectivity using tract-based spatial and network- and degree-based statistics. We evaluated the predictability of levodopa-induced dyskinesia development and relationship with its latency, using the average connectivity strength as a predictor in Cox- and linear-regression, respectively. Results Mean-diffusivity was lower mainly at the left frontal region in the vulnerable-group compared to the resistant-group. Network-based statistics identified a subnetwork consisting of the bilateral fronto-striato-pallido-thalamic and lateral parietal regions (subnetwork A) and degree-based statistics identified four subnetworks (hub-subnetwork) consisting of edges centered on the left superior frontal gyrus, left putamen, left insular, or left precentral gyrus, where the vulnerable-group had stronger connectivity compared to the resistant-group. Stronger connectivity within the subnetwork A and hub-subnetwork centered on the left superior frontal gyrus was a predictor of levodopa-induced dyskinesia development independent of known risk factors and had an inverse relationship with its latency. Conclusions Our data suggest that white matter connectivity subnetworks within corticostriatal regions play a pivotal role in the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia.

Shadi Zari Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Shadi Zari Email shadizarimd@gmail.comPurpose: Autologous cellular micrografts (ACM) is a novel treatment method in hair loss, and few data are available regarding its efficacy. The present study was carried out to assess the short-term clinical efficacy of a single application of ACM in the treatment of male and female androgenetic alopecia (AGA).Materials and Methods: This was a single-center retrospective study involving 140 consecutive adults with confirmed AGA, who received a single session of ACM (Regenera Activa®). Efficacy was evaluated 1– 6 months after treatment, by analyzing the change of trichometry parameters, which were assessed using TrichoScan digital image analysis.Results: Depending on the scalp region, there was increase in mean hair density by 4.5– 7.12 hair/cm2, average hair thickness by 0.96– 1.88 μm, % thick hair by 1.74– 3.26%, and mean number of follicular units by 1.30– 2.77, resulting in an increase of cumulative hair thickness by 0.48– 0.56 unit. Additionally, the frontal region showed a significant decrease in % thin hair (− 1.81%, p = 0.037) and yellow dots (− 1.93 N/cm2, p = 0.003). A favorable response was observed in 66.4% of the participants in the frontal region. Further, a gender-specific effect of treatment was observed.Conclusion: ACM is a promising treatment in AGA with a short-term favorable response observed in up to approximately two-thirds of patients.Keywords: androgenetic alopecia, pattern hair loss, autologous cellular micrografts, efficacy, regrowth

There are numerous case reports relating trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias to structural injuries. However there is no description of the association between paroxysmal hemicrania and carotid artery dissection. We describe a previously healthy 63-year-old male presented with the onset of severe, throbbing pain in the right frontal region, lasting between 10 and 30 minutes, with a frequency of approximately two to three attacks per day, which began two days before seeking medical care. Pain was associated with ipsilateral tearing, semiptosis and nasal congestion. A cervical arterial magnetic resonance angiography demonstrated left carotid artery dissection in the C1/C2 segment of the left internal carotid artery. The patient became asymptomatic after indomethacin use. We conclude that the possibility of investigating carotid dissection should be considered in patients with paroxysmal hemicrania.

O melasma se caracteriza em uma disfunção estética havendo a necessidade de procurar auxílio de profissionais da saúde estética para o diagnóstico correto e tratamento adequado. Melasma é ocasionada a partir do aumento da melanina na pele, as implicações estéticas se manifestam por manchas escuras ou acastanhadas na região frontal da face. Nesse contexto o estudo será a partir da seguinte questão norteadora: quais os tratamentos utilizados no tratamento do melasma e suas implicações estéticas? O objetivo geral desse estudo é realizar um levantamento bibliográfico sobre o tratamento e as implicações estéticas provocadas pelo melasma. Mediante o exposto, justifica-se a importância de conhecer os aspectos referentes ao Melasma: Tratamentos e suas implicações estéticas, para isso trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, realizada a partir da busca de dados em fontes secundarias como sítios, artigos científicos entre outros. A pele está disposta a danos resultantes do meio externo que resulta em afecções como o melasma e para isso, existem tratamentos estéticos que promovem efeitos positivos promovendo a qualidade de vida das pessoas. O tratamento do melasma pode ser realizado de forma tópico ou oral, a partir de procedimentos que induzem a descamação e removem a cada superficial da pele, promovendo uma textura mais suave e homogênea permitindo a produção de colágeno e elastina com menos riscos de efeitos colaterais. É valido ressaltar que embora existam vários protocolos de tratamento do melasma a eficiência do tratamento é limitada em alguns casos se o paciente não manter uma forma sistemática de prevenção acontece a reincidência do mesmo. O melasma pode ser prevenido evitando a exposição solar, nos horários adequados e uso de filtros solares de amplo espectro para radiação UVA e UVB, com fator de proteção solar (FPS) 30 ou mais (MASCENA, 2016).

Las hiperplasias cutaneas linfoides, antiguamente llamadas seudolinfomas cutaneos, son proliferaciones benignas de linfocitos, que simulan linfomas tanto clinica como histologicamente y de acuerdo a su componente celular mas predominante pueden ser clasificados como de celulas B o T. La de celulas B se considera una entidad clinicopatologica especifica, mientras que las de celulas T son un grupo heterogeneo de enfermedades, mas que una enfermedad en si. Dado que no son tan frecuentes no se tienen datos precisos de su epidemiologia. Se presenta caso clinico de paciente de sexo femenino de 45 anos con un nodulo eritematoso y violaceo en la region frontal de mas de un ano de evolucion con reporte histopatologico confirmado por estudios de inmunohistoquimica de hiperplasia cutanea linfoide de celulas B. Rev.cienc.biomed.2011; 2(1): 98-105 PALABRAS CLAVES Seudolinfoma cutaneo. Hiperplasia linfoide. Linfomas. Infiltrados cutaneos. SUMMARY The cutaneous pseudolymphoma and cutaneous lymphoids hyperplasias are benign proliferations of lymphocytes that simulate lymphomas clinically and histologically, wich according to its most prominent cellular component may be of B or T cells. The B-cell pseudolymphoma is considered a distinct clincopathologic entity, while the T is a heretogeneous group of diseases rather than a disease itself. Given its low frequency, there is a lack of accurate data about its epidemiology. This review presents a case of a female patient of 45 years old with an erythematous violaceous nodule in frontal region of more than 1 year of evolution with histopathologic report of B cell pseudolymphoma confirmed by inmunohistochemical studies. Rev.cienc.biomed. 2011; 2(1): 98-105 KEYWORDS Cutaneous pseudolymphoma. Lymphoid hyperplasia. Lymphomas. Cutaneous infiltrates.

Background Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been proposed as a possible method for remediating age-associated cognitive decline in the older adult population. While tDCS has shown potential for improving cognitive functions in healthy older adults, stimulation outcomes on various cognitive domains have been mixed. Methods A systematic search was performed in four databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and PsychInfo. Search results were then screened for eligibility based on inclusion/exclusion criteria to only include studies where tDCS was applied to improve cognition in healthy older adults 65 years and above. Eligible studies were reviewed and demographic characteristics, tDCS dose parameters, study procedures, and cognitive outcomes were extracted. Reported effect sizes for active compared to sham group in representative cognitive domain were converted to Hedges' g. Main results A total of thirteen studies involving healthy older adults (n=532, mean age=71.2+5.3 years) were included in the meta-analysis. The majority of included studies (94%) targeted the prefrontal cortex with stimulation intensity 1-2 mA using various electrode placements with anodes near the frontal region. Across all studies, we found Hedges' g values ranged from -0.31 to 1.85 as reported group effect sizes of active stimulation compared to sham. Conclusion While observed outcomes varied, overall findings indicated promising effects of tDCS to remediate cognitive aging and thus deserves further exploration. Future characterization of inter-individual variability in tDCS dose response and applications in larger cohorts are warranted to further validate benefits of tDCS for cognition in healthy older adults.

OBJECTIVE Birdsong sounds are often used to inform visually-challenged people about the presence of basic infrastructures, and therefore need to be salient in noisy urban environments. How salient sounds are processed in the brain could inform us about the optimal birdsong in such environments. However, brain activity related to birdsong salience is not yet known. METHODS Oscillatory magnetoencephalographic (MEG) activities and subjective salience induced by six birdsongs under three background noise conditions were measured. Thirteen participants completed the MEG measurements and 11 participants took part in the paired-comparison tests. We estimated the power of induced oscillatory activities, and explored the relationship between subjective salience of birdsongs and the power of induced activities using sparse regression analysis. RESULTS According to sparse regression analysis, the subjective salience was explained by the power of induced alpha (8-13 Hz) in the frontal region, induced beta (13-30 Hz) in the occipital region, and induced gamma (30-50 Hz) in the parietal region. The power of the frontal alpha and parietal gamma activities significantly varied across both birds and noise conditions. CONCLUSION These results indicate that frontal alpha activity is related to the salience of birdsong and that parietal gamma activity is related to differences in salience across noisy environments. These results suggest that salient birdsong under a noisy environment activates the bottom-up attention network.

Relevance: transcranial electrical stimulation has an anti-stress effect in humans. One of the possible mechanisms is due to changes in the functional state of the frontal region of the cerebral cortex.The aim: to evaluate the dynamics of tractography of the frontal region of the human cerebral cortex during psychoemotional stress before and after transcranial electrical stimulation. Materials and methods: Observations were performed on 26 conditionally healthy young men. Students assessed the level of stress resistance by N.N. Kirsheva, N.V. Ryabchikova and heart rate variability in the test period. Brain MRI was performed on a high-field tomograph (magnetic field strength 3 T) from General Electric (USA), followed by software processing and tractography. 16 subjects (main group) underwent transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) therapy. TES therapy was performed using the TRANSAIR-02 apparatus with monopolar impulses. Sessions were held in the evening from 18 to 22 hours every other day. The course consisted of 5 sessions of 30 minutes, the current strength was from 2.0 to 3.0 mA After a course of TES therapy, MRI of the brain and tractography were repeated. In the comparison group (10 people), TES therapy was not performed, but MRI and tractography were similarly repeated. The tractograms compared the area of the tracts in the frontal region of the cerebral cortex in both groups, as well as before and after TES therapy. For statistical analysis of the results of the study used the program: “STATISTICA 10”. Results: On the tractograms of the frontal cortex of the brain, in students experiencing stress due to the training load in the crediting period, the tract area on the tractogram was 7.9 ± 0.4 cm2. After 5 sessions of transcranial electrical stimulation, the level of stress resistance increased. On the tractograms of the frontal cortex, the area of the tracts increased and amounted to 13.4 ± 0.5 cm2.The conclusion: After transcranial electrical stimulation, when psychoemotional stress is removed, students restore paths in the frontal region of the cerebral cortex

Objective Hyperostosis in meningiomas can be present in 4.5% to 44% of cases. Radical resection should include aggressive removal of invaded bone. It is not clear however to what extent bone removal should be carried to achieve pathologically free margins, especially that in many cases, there is a T2 hyperintense signal that extends beyond the hyperostotic bone. In this study we try to investigate the perimeter of tumour cells outside the visible nidus of hyperostotic bone and to what extent they are present outside this nidus. This would serve as an initial step for setting guidelines on dealing with hyperostosis in meningioma surgery. Methods This is a prospective case series that included 14 patients with convexity meningiomas and hyperostosis during the period from March 2017 to August 2018 in two university hospitals. Patients demographics, clinical, imaging characteristics, intraoperative and postoperative data were collected and analysed. In all cases, all visible abnormal bone was excised bearing in mind to also include the hyperintense diploe in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2 weighted images after careful preoperative assessment. To examine bony tumour invasion, five marked bone biopsies were taken from the craniotomy flap for histopathological examinations. These include one from the centre of hyperostotic nidus and the other four from the corners at a 2-cm distance from the margin of the nidus. Results Our study included five males (35.7%) and nine females (64.3%) with a mean age of 43.75 years (33-55). Tumor site was parietal in seven cases (50%), fronto-parietal in three cases (21.4%), parieto-occipital in two cases (14.2%), frontal region in one case and bicoronal (midline) in one case. Tumour pathology revealed a World Health Organization (WHO) grade I in seven cases (50%), atypical meningioma (WHO II) in five cases (35.7%) and anaplastic meningioma (WHO III) in two cases (14.2%). In all grade I and II meningiomas, bone biopsies harvested from the nidus revealed infiltration with tumour cells while all other bone biopsies from the four corners (2 cm from nidus) were free. In cases of anaplastic meningiomas, all five biopsies were positive for tumour cells. Conclusion Removal of the gross epicentre of hyperostotic bone with the surrounding 2 cm is adequate to ensure radical excision and free bone margins in grade I and II meningiomas. Hyperintense signal change in MRI T2 weighted images, even beyond visible hypersototic areas, doesn't necessarily represent tumour invasion.

Background: The study of the morphological changes in embryonic development up to the stages of zoea and megalopa, is essential for the culture of crustacean and to distinguish one species from another in the classification of the decapods. Goals: Identify the morphological characteristics of the first zoea of Stenorhynchus debilis (Smith, 1871), to differentiate from the first zoeas of species of the same genus. Methods: S. debilis ovigerous females were collected and kept in captivity. From spawned eggs the stage of embryonic development was identified and the morphology of the first zoea was studied, using a bright field microscope equipped with a digital camera and Image Pro® software. Results: The orange eggs are 380-450 µm of diameter. The embryonic identified stages were: multiple divisions, blastula, gastrula and pre-zoea. The following morphological characteristics of the first zoea were identified: the straight spine 10% larger than the length of the carapace; a triangular spine in the frontal region of the carapace, a pair of chromatophores in the vicinity of each somite and fur branches of the telson with large and curved terminal spines. Conclusions: These morphological characteristics of the first zoea of S. debilis make it possible differentiate from the first zoeas of the same genus, such as S. seticornis and S. lanceolatus.

The westward transversal current (TC) in the southern Yellow Sea entrance was investigated during winter 2007 using a numerical ocean model. The three-dimensional structures and dynamics of the westward TC were highlighted. The model-simulated monthly mean current fields showed that the strong westward TC was limited to the upper water column (shallower than 50 m) and extended westward from 126° E to 124° E. Momentum balance analysis indicated that the westward TC was mainly regulated by a quasi-geostrophic balance. Both the sea surface elevation–related barotropic pressure gradient force and the density-related baroclinic pressure gradient force controlled the intensity and direction of the westward TC. Sensitivity model experiments focusing on tide and wind demonstrated that the westward TC was intensified when tide was ignored and was greatly weakened when wind was excluded. Lagrangian particle tracking experiments were also performed, to investigate the relationship between the Yellow Sea Warm Current and the westward TC in the frontal region. The characteristics of the water in the Yellow Sea Warm Current were affected by the properties of the water in the frontal zone, especially in the sub-surface and lower layers. The westward TC might act as an important bridge, connecting the frontal zone with the Yellow Sea Warm Current flowing along the western Yellow Sea trough.

Most animals rely on vision to perform a range of behavioural tasks and variations in the anatomy and physiology of the eye likely reflect differences in habitat and life history. Moreover, eye design represents a balance between often conflicting requirements for gathering different forms of visual information. The trade-off between spatial resolving power and contrast sensitivity is common to all visual systems, and European honeybees (Apis mellifera) present an important opportunity to better understand this trade-off. Vision has been studied extensively in A. mellifera as it is vital for foraging, navigation and communication. Consequently, spatial resolving power and contrast sensitivity in A. mellifera have been measured using several methodologies; however, there is considerable variation in estimates between methodologies. We assess pattern electroretinography (pERG) as a new method for assessing the trade-off between visual spatial and contrast information in A. mellifera. pERG has the benefit of measuring spatial contrast sensitivity from higher order visual processing neurons in the eye. Spatial resolving power of A. mellifera estimated from pERG was 0.54 cycles per degree (cpd), and contrast sensitivity was 16.9. pERG estimates of contrast sensitivity were comparable to previous behavioural studies. Estimates of spatial resolving power reflected anatomical estimates in the frontal region of the eye, which corresponds to the region stimulated by pERG. Apis mellifera has similar spatial contrast sensitivity to other hymenopteran insects with similar facet diameter (Myrmecia ant species). Our results support the idea that eye anatomy has a substantial effect on spatial contrast sensitivity in compound eyes.

Background Oily skin and hair not only contain a large amount of sebum, but also exhibit other changes that compromise their physiology. The immediate effects of dermocosmetics are very important for adhesion to treatment. Aim The aim of the present study was to characterize oily skin and scalp, to evaluate the correlation of sebum production with porphyrin counts and the immediate effects of topical formulations for sebum control. Patients/methods A total of 100 women aged 18-49 years were recruited. Sebaceous gland activity, sebum amount, stratum corneum water content (SCWC) transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin gloss, amount of porphyrins and pores were determined in the face and SCWC, sebum amount, porphyrin count, and TEWL were also determined in the scalp. The immediate effects of formulations containing a guarana extract were determined after 2 hours of application. Results A correlation between sebaceous gland activity and presence of porphyrins in the frontal region of the face was detected. Low gloss values and large amounts of pores in the malar region were related to lower skin uniformity. High sebum values and low SCWC and porphyrin count were also observed in the vertex region. The studied formulations reduced the sebum content of face and scalp after 2 hours of application. Conclusion Oily skin and hair showed high sebum values, which were correlated with porphyrin count and with the activity of sebaceous glands. Finally, the studied formulations had immediate reducing effects on sebum amounts on the skin and scalp.

An exoskeleton is utilized to effectively restore the motor function of amputees' limbs and is frequently employed in motor rehabilitation training during convalescence. Understanding of exoskeleton impact on the brain is required in order to better and more efficiently use the exoskeleton. Almost all previous studies investigated the exoskeleton effect on the brain in a situation with constraints such as predefined walking speed, which could lead to findings differed from that obtained in an unconstrained situation. We, therefore, performed an experiment of unconstrained walking with and without an exoskeleton. Both individual connections and graph metrics were explored and compared among walking conditions. We found that low-order functional connections and associated high-order functional connections mainly between the left centroparietal region and right frontal region were significantly different among walking conditions. Generally speaking, connective strength was enhanced in LOFC and was decreased in aHOFC when assistant force was provided by the exoskeleton. Further, we proposed connection length investigation and revealed the large majority of these connections were long-distance connectivity. Graph metric investigation discovered higher connectivity clustering in the walking with low exoskeleton-aided force compared to the walking without the exoskeleton. This study expanded the existing knowledge of the effect of exoskeleton on the brain and is of implications on new exoskeleton development and exoskeleton-aided rehabilitation training.

Psychiatric disorders occur in many neurologic conditions like stroke and may be the only initial presentation, especially if the lesion involve left frontal region. Cardiac conditions like Infective endocarditis can result in embolism, which can lead to neurological complications which are the major prognostic determinants as it causes significant morbidity and mortality. Physical manifestations of the patient can be subtle. Hence caution needs to be taken to conduct a thorough physical examination even in young and seemingly healthy patients who present with psychiatric symptoms. Keywords: Infective endocarditis(IE), Depression.

Introduction and importance Jael's syndrome, an intentional injury caused by a knife in the face or skull is a rare encounter in clinical and forensic practice, rarely involving an impacted knife. Clinical and radiographic diagnosis is essential to identify severity of injury and location of the retained knife. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported novel case of Jael's syndrome in Tanzania. Case presentation We present the case of a 31-year old man admitted at Muhimbili National Hospital following an impacted knife. The stab wound extended to the medial wall of left orbit and ended just before the optic foramen associated with vitreous hemorrhage and the retained knife caused superoposterior displacement of the globe. Multidisciplinary management was instituted including prompt evaluation, imaging and surgical removal of the knife under general anesthesia. Clinical discussion Plain skull X-ray revealed an extensive retained blade and computerized tomography (CT) showed the tip of the blade adjacent to the right styloid process with no neurovascular compromise. Initial concern was the left eye that was reported to be viable by ophthalmologists. Incredibly, the patient had no initial sequelae from such an extensive injury and had unremarkable recovery with no complications apart from the wound to left inferior rectus muscle that was conservatively managed. Simple withdrawal of the retained knife was successful. Conclusion Craniofacial retained knives are rare. Thorough prompt initial evaluation and intervention is vital since improper management can be devastating., Highlights • Impacted knife at the craniofacial region is a very rare encounter. • Clinical and radiographic diagnosis is essential to identify extent of damage to critical structures. • Complications such as diplopia, intracranial hemorrhage and acute cerebrospinal fluid leakage have been reported. • Multidisciplinary management has to be instituted when retained foreign bodies are encountered. • Simple surgical removal along the path of insertion of retained foreign body seems safe and effective.

Background: Primary cutaneous apocrine carcinoma (PCAC), a subtype of sweat gland carcinoma, is an extremely rare malignant neoplasm. Distinguishing apocrine carcinoma from breast carcinoma metastasis is difficult even for pathologist. Most arise in regions of high apocrine gland density like axilla, and rarely on the scalp and eyelid, but it’s possible to occur elsewhere on the skin. Primary cutaneous apocrine carcinoma of the scalp is a rare malignancy most often reported in the literature as case reports or small case series. Giant form of primary cutaneous apocrine carcinoma in frontal region is not described in literature, to the best of our knowledge. There no established protocols for primary cutaneous apocrine carcinoma treatment.Case presentation: We report a case giant primary cutaneous apocrine carcinoma localized in frontal region. Definitive diagnosis of primary cutaneous apocrine carcinoma is made by biopsy with microscopic and immunohistochemical analysis. Wide surgical excision and reconstruction with large local transposition flap and split thickness skin grafts for secondary defect were our therapy of choice.Conclusion: Primary cutaneous apocrine carcinoma is very rare malignancy and giant form in not described yet. Surgical treatment provided the patients with the tumor free status as well satisfactory aesthetical appearances and quality of living.

A crescente incidência da alopecia fibrosante frontal tornou frequente o uso tópico dos inibidores da calcineurina na região frontal para controlo da atividade da doença. Relatamos um raro efeito adverso induzido por tacrolimus e concomitante ingestão de álcool.

Background: Advances in perioperative pediatric care have resulted in an increased number of procedures requiring anesthesia. During anesthesia and surgery, the patient is subjected to factors that affect the circulatory homeostasis, which can influence oxygenation of the brain. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an easy applicable noninvasive method for monitoring of regional tissue oxygenation (rScO₂%). Alternate placements for NIRS have been investigated; however, no alternative cranial placements have been explored. Aim: To evaluate the agreement between frontal and occipital recordings of rScO₂% in infants using INVOSTM during surgery and general anesthesia. Method: A standard frontal monitoring of rScO₂% with NIRS was compared with occipital rScO₂% measurements in fifteen children at an age

Introducción: Un paciente con tumor epidermoides intracraneal extradural con presentación sincrónica con absceso cerebral, sin antecedentes de trauma craneal penetrante, no ha sido reportado con anterioridad en la revisión del tema realizada por los autores. Se presenta un caso con estas características y se exponen consideraciones sobre el diagnóstico y el tratamiento. Caso clínico: Paciente femenina, de 48 años de edad, con antecedentes de cefalea crónica y tumor craneal palpable en región frontal izquierda. Los estudios humorales fueron normales. La RNM craneal mostró dos imágenes en anillo yuxtapuestas, extra e intraaxial de forma respectiva. En la cirugía se encontró tumor perlado extradural sin evidencia a la inspección de tumor intradural, se comprobó en el examen histopatológico tumor epidermoides. En los controles imagenológicos posoperatorios se descubrió la persistencia de la lesión intraaxial, en anillo, frontal izquierda. Una segunda cirugía evidenció un absceso cerebral de ubicación subcortical y se efectuó la resección radical. La evolución fue favorable, sin secuelas después de cuatro meses de seguimiento. Conclusiones: Se reportó un caso infrecuente, donde se presentó de forma sincrónica un tumor epidermoides extradural frontal izquierdo y absceso cerebral frontal ipsilateral, sin relación de continuidad ni comunicación fistulosa demostrada en las neuroimágenes ni en la exploración quirúrgica.

Objective To describe a novel bilaterally pedicled pericranial flap for anterior cranial base reconstruction after removal of complex frontobasal cancers extending to the frontal region, thus precluding the use of standard reconstructive techniques. Methods In selected oncologic cranial base surgeries, the use of the standard galea frontalis pericranial flap for reconstructive purposes may be precluded by tumor infiltration. In such cases, dura mater reconstruction and exclusion of frontal sinuses from the intracranial space can be performed using a large superficial temporal artery bilaterally pedicled pericranial flap obtained from both temporoparietal regions. Surgical technique, indication, contraindication, complications, and degree of resection are recorded to evaluate the efficacy of this surgical method. Results A 48-year-old man affected by a recurrence of frontobasal squamous cell carcinoma was surgically treated by combined transcranial and endoscopic endonasal resection. A large pericranial flap pedicled bilaterally on the parietal branches of the superficial temporal artery was obtained, transposed anteriorly, carefully watertight sutured to the dural defect, and used to exclude cranialized frontal sinuses as well. The reconstruction was successful, and the patient was discharged home on the tenth postoperative day without any complications and/or development of cerebrospinal fluid leak. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging 3 months after surgery was clear from disease with consolidated surgical outcomes. Conclusions This novel pericranial flap seems to be easily obtained and effective for anterior cranial base reconstruction when the use of a traditional galea frontalis flap is precluded for oncologic reasons and there are concerns for the possible development of contaminations and cerebrospinal fluid leaks.

Resting state electroencephalography (EEG) during eyes-closed and eyes-open conditions is widely used to evaluate brain states of healthy populations and brain dysfunctions in clinical conditions. Although several results have been obtained by measuring these brain activities in humans, it remains unclear whether the same results can be replicated in animals, i.e., whether the physiological properties revealed by these findings are phylogenetically conserved across species. In the present study, we describe a paradigm for recording resting state EEG activities during eyes-closed and eyes-open conditions from rats, and investigated the differences between eyes-closed and eyes-open conditions for humans and rats. We found that compared to the eyes-open condition, human EEG spectral amplitude in the eyes-closed condition was significantly higher at 8–12 Hz and 18–22 Hz in the occipital region, but significantly lower at 18–22 Hz and 30–100 Hz in the frontal region. In contrast, rat EEG spectral amplitude was significantly higher in the eyes-closed condition than in the eyes-open condition at 1–4 Hz, 8–12 Hz, and 13–17 Hz in the frontal-central region. In both species, the 1/f-like power spectrum scaling of resting state EEG activities was significantly higher in the eyes-closed condition than in the eyes-open condition at parietal-occipital and frontal regions. These results provided a neurophysiological basis for future translational studies from experimental animal findings to human psychophysiology, since the validity of such translation critically relies on a well-established experimental paradigm and a carefully-examined signal characteristic to bridge the gaps across different species.

T.V. Popova1, tati.popova2010@yandex.ru, ORCID: 0000-0002-5060-8132, В. Pance2, lepansebenedicte@yahoo.fr, G.I. Maksutova1, sandugac2011@yandex.ru, ORCID: 0000-0002-5518-9459, Yu.B. Korableva1, julya-74@yandex.ru, ORClD: 0000-0003-2337-3531, O.G. Kourova1, olga.k5691@mail.ru, ORCID: 0000-0002-8544-7631 1South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, 2Le Panse Academy, Paris, France Попова Татьяна Владимировна, доктор биологических наук, профессор, ведущий эксперт, Южно-Уральский государственный университет. 454080, г. Челябинск, проспект Ленина, 76. E-mail: tati.popova2010@yandex.ru, ORCID: 0000-0002-5060-8132. Панс Бенедикт, доктор физиологии, директор академии Ле Панс. Ул. Фобур Сен-Дени, 162, Париж, 75010, Франция. E-mail: lepansebenedicte@yahoo.fr. Максутова Гульнара Илгисовна, кандидат биологических наук, доцент кафедры спортивного совершенствования, Южно-Уральский государственный университет. 454080, г. Челябинск, проспект Ленина, 76. E-mail: sandugac2011@yandex.ru, ORCID: 0000-0002-5518-9459. Кораблева Юлия Борисовна, лаборант, Южно-Уральский государственный университет. 454080, г. Челябинск, проспект Ленина, 76. E-mail: julya-74@yandex.ru, ORCID: 0000-0003-2337-3531. Коурова Ольга Германовна, кандидат биологических наук, доцент кафедры экологии и химической технологии, Южно-Уральский государственный университет. 454080, г. Челябинск, проспект Ленина, 76. E-mail: olga.k5691@mail.ru, ORCID: 0000-0002-8544-7631. Aim. The article deals with establishing psychophysiological features in overweight women to develop a set of measures for weight decrease and psychocorrection. Materials and methods. We studied two groups of women who were willing to participate in the study: the first group - mean age 54.2 ± 3.0; the second group - mean age 25.0 ± 1.7. The average BMI of the first group corresponded with obesity values (32.3 ± 1.6), while an average BMI of the second group was within the upper limit of reference values (23.7 ± 0.9). However, according to body composition data, there was a risk of BMI increase. As far as the percentage of adipose tissue exceeded the recommended values, recommended weight loss was 18.2 ± 2.6 kg for the older group and 5.6 ± 1.4 kg for the young group. Two groups of women of the same age with normal weight were examined as control groups. Results of the study revealed both age-related and psychophysiological features in women of different weight. EEG analysis showed that alpha rhythm amplitude in women from the first group was higher on average and frequency was lower compared to the second group. In the experimental group, we also revealed a higher level of delta activity in the frontal region at rest. The study of a psychoemotional status revealed that all participants hardly coped with stress. However, young participants overcame stress more easily compared to the older group. Anxiety assessment showed increased values of anxiety. In all participants, personal anxiety was almost at the same level within 48 points. Situational anxiety was higher in young women (51.2 ± 1.3 and 49.6 ± 2.1 points, respectively). Conclusion. The most psychophysiological indicators identified functional stress, particularly in overweight older women. To preserve the optimal psychophysiological status of persons participating in weight correction programs, it is also necessary to correct a psychophysical status in accordance with age-related features. Цель. Выявить психофизиологические особенности женщин с проблемами избыточного веса для дальнейшей разработки комплекса, включающего средства для снижения веса и психокоррекции. Материалы и методы. Исследованы две группы женщин, пожелавших заниматься по программе коррекции веса: 1-я - средний возраст 54,2 ± 3,0 и 2-я - 25,0 ± 1,7 года. В 1-й группе средний индекс массы тела (32,3 ± 1,6) свидетельствовал об ожирении; во 2-й группе (23,7 ± 0,9) он был на верхней границе нормы, но существовал риск его повышения. Так, процент жировой ткани превышал рекомендуемые цифры, и рекомендуемая потеря веса составила для старшей группы 18,2 ± 2,6 кг, а для молодых испытуемых 5,6 ± 1,4 кг. В качестве контрольных обследованы две группы женщин того же возраста, с нормальным весом. Результаты. Исследования выявили как возрастные, так и особенности психофизиологических показателей у женщин с разным весом. Амплитуда альфа-ритма ЭЭГ у испытуемых 1-й группы была ниже, а частота - выше; выявлен также более высокий уровень активности дельта диапазона в лобной области в покое, чем у женщин контрольной группы. Исследование психоэмоционального состояния показало, что все испытуемые относились к категории лиц, с трудом справляющихся со стрессами. Однако молодые испытуемые легче справляются со стрессовой ситуацией по сравнению со старшими. Результаты оценки тревожности показали ее повышенный уровень, у всех испытуемых групп наблюдения личностная тревожность была практически аналогичной, в пределах 48 баллов. Уровень же ситуационной тревожности у молодых женщин был выше, чем у старших (51,2 ± 1,3 и 49,6 ± 2,1 балла соответственно). Заключение. Большинство психофизиологических показателей свидетельствовали о функциональном напряжении, особенно у женщин старшего возраста с избыточным весом. Сделано заключение, что для сохранения оптимального психофизиологического статуса лиц, участвующих в программах по коррекции веса, необходима также коррекция психофизического состояния с учетом возрастных особенностей.

An important goal of developmental science is to understand how the early organization of the brain and behavioral tendencies are interconnected. A foundational step in pursuit of this goal is to identify brain-behavior relations. Much progress has been made identifying such relations during infancy by linking baseline electroencephalography (EEG) activity to infants' performance in lab-based measures of socio-emotional and cognitive development. Parent-report represents another resource in expanding our understanding to infants' behavioral tendencies in their natural environment. The current study explored how parent-report of 6- to 12-month-old (N = 53) infants' attention and regulatory abilities relates to cortical activity. The results confirmed one key hypothesis that lower levels of theta and higher levels of beta and gamma over the frontal region would be related to infants' attentional abilities. These results are consistent with the extant baseline EEG literature. Cuddliness was robustly related to higher levels of theta and lower levels of beta over the posterior, likely reflecting infants' tendency to use another person to self-regulate. Our results indicate links between these cortical rhythms and attention and regulatory processes have infant origins. Our results indicate furture research investigating brain-behavior relations using parent-report is warranted.

Reportamos la reconstrucción inmediata con implantes personalizados en la región craneofacial en unapaciente mujer de 22 años con tumoración craneofacial de 12x15 cm en la región fronto orbito cigomáticoizquierdo que correspondió a fibroma oscificante. Se realizó la reconstrucción con un implante hecho amedida basado en imágenes tomográficas. El implante de polieteretercetona (PEEK) fue seleccionado parareemplazar la pérdida ósea y para restaurar la anatomía facial. No hubo necesidad de ajuste transquirúrgicodel implante; ni se presentaron reacciones de rechazo, infección o exposición del implante en el periodoposoperatorio. Aunque el hueso autólogo es preferido para implantes, resulta difícil adecuarlos ensituaciones de un compromiso extenso como en el caso presentado; por ello los implantes de PEEK sonactualmente una opción en términos de biocompatibilidad, resistencia, duración, conductividad térmica ytraslucencia radiográfica., We report the immediate reconstruction with personalized implants in the craniofacial region in a 22-year-old female patient with a craniofacial tumor of 12x15 cm in the left zygomatic orbital frontal region that corresponded to an ossifying fibroma. The reconstruction was performed with a custom-made implant based on tomographic images. The polyetheretherketone (PEEK) implant was selected to replace bone loss and restore facial anatomy. There was no need for transsurgical adjustment of the implant, no rejection, infection or implant exposure in the postoperative period. Although autologous bone is preferred for implants, it is often limited in the morbidity of the donor site, the difficulty of giving shape mainly to the borders and the limitation of the area to be donated; therefore the PEEK implants are currently an option in terms of biocompatibility resistance, duration, thermal conductivity and radiographic translucency.

Music is promoted in all traditions for the well-being of the listener. The 2-D emotion models and their effects on the brain were analyzed while listening to selected raga and at Rest. This paper visualized the functional connectivity of emotional responses to Indian Dharmavathi raga, thereby locating the similar regions across the electroencephalogram (EEG) sensor pairs. The international 10–20 sensor placement system was followed for recording EEG signals. The stimulus-based functional associations were noted, which help in investigating the neuronal synchronization. Asymmetrical alpha band energy was noticed in the frontal locations where the energy was low at F3 and F7 positions compared with F4 and F8 sensor positions. This indicates that it induces a positive emotion. The relative theta band energy at frontal locations was increased during Task (listening to Dharmavathi raga) as compared with Rest (silence) condition. The relative energy of beta band at frontal locations was significantly decreased after listening to raga. While listening to Dharmavathi raga, alpha band energy on the left frontal region was appeared to be low, and high energy was observed on the right frontal region. The raga played was evoked an increased bi-frontal theta response, which indicates that the raga is pleasant and induces mood change after listening.

There is evidence of positive effects of mindfulness based interventions for improvement of psychological symptoms such as stress, depression and anxiety. One of the ways of measuring emotional states is through frontal brain alpha waves asymmetry. In order to verify if frontal alpha asymmetry can be a good predictor of mindfulness based intervention results, the present review sought to survey results of studies that used EEG measures to assess mindfulness interventions impacts. This review evaluates studies that used any mindfulness intervention without a specific public until October of 2020. Studies were selected from Google Academic database based on PRISMA recommendations and 9 articles were found. Of this total it was verified that 4 of the articles found that the mindfulness group had significantly more alpha power on the right side, 4 articles found no alpha asymmetry difference between mindfulness and control groups, and 1 article found that the mindfulness group had more alpha power on the left side. The main limitations of this review were the small number of consulted databases, the small amount of studies that approach this subject, the lack of meta-analysis and the small number of sources used. Therefore, it is concluded that it is still uncertain if mindfulness based interventions can alter frontal alpha asymmetry enhancing alpha power on the right side. The registration number of this review on PROSPERO platform is CRD42021227796. Nenhuma Existem evidencias dos efeitos positivos das intervenções baseadas em mindfulness para a melhora de sintomas psicológicos como estresse, depressão e ansiedade. Uma das formas de medir o estado emocional é através da assimetria de ondas alfa na parte frontal do cérebro. A fim de verificar se a assimetria alfa frontal pode ser um bom preditor dos resultados de intervenções baseadas em mindfulness, a presente revisão buscou levantar os resultados de estudos que utilizaram essas medidas de EEG para avaliar o impacto das intervenções de mindfulness. Para essa revisão foram avaliados estudos que realizaram qualquer intervenção de mindfulness, sem um público específico até o mês de outubro do ano de 2020. Os estudos foram selecionados da base de dados do Google Academic utilizando as recomendações do PRISMA e 9 artigos foram encontrados. Desse total verificou-se que em 4 artigos o grupo de mindfulness teve significativamente mais potência alfa do lado direito, 4 artigos onde não houve diferença na assimetria de alfa frontal entre os grupos de mindfulness e controle, e 1 artigo onde o grupo mindfulness teve mais potência alfa no lado esquerdo. A principais limitações dessa revisão foram o número reduzido de bases de dados consultadas a pequena quantidade de estudos que abordam o tema, a não realização de uma metanálise e o pequeno número de fontes de artigos utilizados. Portanto, conclui-se que ainda é incerto se intervenções baseadas em mindfulness conseguem modificar a assimetria de alfa frontal de modo a ter uma maior potência alfa do lado direito. O número de registro dessa revisão na plataforma PROSPERO é CRD42021227796.

When looking at the rhytidoplasty procedure, the scars on the hairless skin, the preauricular and retroauricular areas, and the auricular concha and posteriorly over the mastoid are inevitable. Nevertheless, when there is no tension on the sutures, the scars become of optimum quality and are nearly imperceptible. To avoid excessive superior and posterior positioning of the sideburns and pilus implantation (which is one of the worst stigmas associated with rhytidoplasty) the incision stops at the sideburns. This avoids temporal lengthening or the need for pilus implantation in the frontal region. Additionally, the scar on the hairless skin of the mastoid is positioned more cranially and, in a curve, hidden behind the ear, descending along the precapillary border and posteriorly intracapillary on the occipital part of the scalp. These scars are practically invisible and are fundamental for the success of a rhytidoplasty procedure. The SMAS is approached routinely and manipulated according to the indications of each patient. In the cases evaluated here, a combination of elevation of the platysma and its posterior traction with plication in round block was used. Also the author includes forehead plasty via video endoscopy by the use of five intracapillary incisions where a wide dissection can be performed and the frontal and temporal flap is distributed in the most natural and harmonious way, avoiding the accumulation of tissues in the lateral part of the orbit. This strategic combination of techniques and of incisions treats the face completely and helps eliminate the stigma associated with unnatural surgery, and it goes along with the current requirements of a rhytidoplasty procedure.

Facial endoscopic video surgery is the surgical procedure of choice in the treatment of eyebrow ptosis and alterations of the periorbital region. Another regions can be treated with endoscopic video to provide global rejuvenation: middle third of the face and neck. There are different planes of dissection for each region of the face, and through these dissections, it will be possible to perform six traction vectors. Vectors 1, 2, and 3 can be performed through video endoscopy. Vectors 4, 5, and 6 are commonly performed in a conventional manner, after undermining of the face in the subcutaneous plane. Vector 1 (V1) is used for the treatment of the frontal region; Vector 2 (V2) is the vector of the temporal region; Vector 3 (V3) is the vector of the anteromedial third region of the face; Vector 4 (V4) is the vector of the anterolateral middle third region of the face; Vector 5(V5) and Vector 6 (V6) are for the neck and submental area treatment. As reported, rhytidoplasty surgery by video endoscopy shows satisfactory results with the maintenance of results over the time by this treatment technique.

The procedures used for frontal region rejuvenation are explained. First the standard coronal lifting is described, then the endoscopic frontal lifting, direct browplasty, browpexy through blepharoplasty, and browpexy with running sutures. Today good results can be achieved with less cumbersome procedures, such as elevation of the eyebrows with a direct procedure with standard sutures or through a blepharoplasty. If the prior is combined with botulin toxin and laser skin rejuvenation, good results are obtained that can satisfy and fulfill the expectations of a large percentage of the patients.