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Based on the engineering background of providing advance support for the working face of mining roadways, this paper studies the reasonable support technology of advance roadway roofs by combining theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field tests. Based on the geological conditions of the 1304 working face of Yineng Coal Mine, the FLAC3D numerical simulation software was used to compare and analyze the effects of the original single hydraulic prop advance support and the bolt-mesh-cable support without the single hydraulic prop. The results show that although the deformation of the surrounding rock is reduced under the support of the single hydraulic prop, the convergence of the roof and floor of the roadway and the left and right sides are still as high as 288 mm and 308 mm, respectively, which does not meet the requirements for safe production. Based on this problem, this study proposes full-stress anchoring technology. FLAC3D numerical simulation software is used to simulate and analyze the supporting effect of the full-stress anchoring support technology in advanced mining roadways. The results of numerical simulation experiments show that the convergence of the roof and floor and the convergence of the left and right sides of the roadway surrounding rock are 33 mm and 52 mm, respectively, which have a good control effect on the roadway surrounding rock. The field test of bolt full-stress anchoring support technology was carried out in the return air roadway of the 1304 working face. The deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway was monitored by setting up stations. The measured results show that the maximum roof and floor convergence of the roadway is 42 mm, and the maximum convergence of the two sides of the roadway is 69 mm, which meets the requirements for safe mining on site. In this study, by comparing with the advance support effect of the original single hydraulic prop, the rationality of the full-stress anchoring technology of the mining roadway in the advance section of the working panel is determined. The use of bolt full-stress anchoring instead of the traditional single hydraulic prop for advanced support has a better surrounding rock control effect and a lower support cost. This is a new technology for advanced support of surrounding rock in mining roadways, which enriches the control technology of roadway surrounding rock and also provides technical reference for other similar engineering cases.

The traditional anchoring method of bolts has insufficient control over the surrounding rock of the coal roadway. Based on this background, full-stress anchoring technology of bolts was proposed. Firstly, a mechanical relationship model of a bolt-drawing, anchoring interface was established to obtain the equations of the axial force and obtain shear stress distribution as well as the decreasing-load transfer law of the anchoring section of bolts. Through studying the prestress-loading experimental device of bolts, we found that increasing the initial preload could increase the axial force under the same conditions and the retarded anchoring section could control the axial-force loss of bolts in the middle of the anchoring section. Under the full-stress anchoring mode, the effect of applying a pre-tightening force was better than that of applying a pre-tightening force under traditional anchoring methods. Moreover, FLAC3D (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua 3D; ITASCA (Ita sca International Inc), Minnesota, USA) numerical simulation calculation was performed. Under the full-stress anchoring mode of bolts, the increased anchoring length reduced the damage of the anchoring section, with a wider control range of the rock formation and higher strength of the compressive-stress anchoring zone. Based on the above research, four methods for applying the full-stress anchoring technology of bolts in engineering were proposed. The full-stress anchoring technology of bolts in the coal roadway has been applied in the support project of the return-air roadway at working face 3204 of the Taitou Coking Coal Mine of the Xiangning Coking Coal Group, Shanxi. The maximum moving distance of the roof and floor of the roadway was reduced from 200 to 42 mm, and the maximum moving distance on both coal sides was reduced from 330 to 86 mm. The full-stress anchoring technology of bolts was able to control the surrounding rock in the coal roadway.