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Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that infects approximately half of the world's population, being more prevalent in low‐ and middle‐income countries. H. pylori can cause gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and gastric cancer, which is among the five most frequent cancers worldwide. Other factors such as a diet low in vegetables and high in processed red meat have been associated with gastric cancer. Here, we studied the effects of high altitude and diet on gastric disease severity in H. pylori infection in a multicenter cross‐sectional study in Peru (N = 343). We recruited people from villages with distinct eating habits (high meat consumption, mixed, and limited meat consumption diet) in the Andes (Puno), and compared them to people living at sea level with a mixed diet (Lima). H. pylori infection prevalence was higher at high altitude than at sea level. High altitude, diet, and age showed a significant correlation with the severity of gastric disease, whereas H. pylori infection and sex did not. However, high altitude was not found to be a risk factor for intestinal metaplasia, while diet and age were. At high altitude, a meat‐rich diet was associated with a higher incidence of metaplasia compared to a plant‐based diet. This study provides a comparison of communities living at high altitude with spontaneously different diets, showing that high processed red meat consumption is a risk factor for gastric disease. Further studies are needed to explain this phenomenon and its impact on the development and progression of gastric pathologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Ghrelin is an appetite-modulating peptide mainly produced in the stomach, with levels reported to be lower in Helicobacter pylori-positive subjects. This pre-post study aimed to evaluate the effect of H. pylori eradication on circulating total ghrelin, gastric histopathology, appetite, and nutritional status of dyspeptic adults. Patients and Methods: Weight, height, appetite and nutrient intake were determined using validated tools. Gastric biopsies were obtained for histopathology and H. pylori diagnosis. Fasting serum ghrelin was measured by ELISA. H. pylori-positive subjects received eradication therapy and returned ≥12 weeks later for re-evaluation. Results: Of 117 screened individuals, 47 who were H. pylori-positive were included, and the organism was eradicated in 28 (59.6%). Pathologic findings decreased significantly after treatment in subjects with eradication (p

Abstract Besides Helicobacter pylori, a Gram-negative bacterium that may cause gastric disorders in humans, non-Helicobacter pylori helicobacters (NHPH) may also colonize the stomach of humans and animals. In pigs, H. suis can induce gastritis and may play a role in gastric ulcer disease, possibly in association with Fusobacterium gastrosuis. In the present study, gastric samples from 71 slaughtered pigs and 14 hunted free range wild boars were tested for the presence of DNA of F. gastrosuis and gastric Helicobacter species associated with pigs, dogs cats and humans, using species-specific PCR assays, followed by sequencing of the amplicon. These gastric samples were also histopathologically evaluated. Almost all the pigs presented gastritis (95.8%). Helicobacter spp. were detected in 78.9% and F. gastrosuis in 35.2% of the animals. H. suis was the most frequently identified Helicobacter species (57.7% of the animals), followed by a H. pylori-like species (50.7%) and less often H. salomonis and H. felis (each in 2.8% of the animals). H. suis was most often detected in the glandular (distal) part of the stomach (pars oesophagea 9.9%, oxyntic mucosa 35.2%, antral mucosa 40.8%), while the H. pylori-like species was mainly found in the non-glandular (proximal) part of the stomach (pars oesophagea 39.4%, oxyntic mucosa 14.1%, antral mucosa 4.2%). The great majority of wild boars were also affected with gastritis (71.4%) and Helicobacter spp. and F. gastrosuis were detected in 64.3% and 42.9% of the animals, respectively. H. bizzozeronii and H. salomonis were the most frequently detected Helicobacter species, while a H. pylori-like species and H. suis were only occasionally identified. These findings suggest that these microorganisms can colonize the stomach of both porcine species and may be associated with gastric pathology. This should, however, be confirmed through bacterial isolation. This is the first description of the presence of F. gastrosuis DNA in the stomach of wild boars and a H. pylori-like species in the pars oesophagea of the porcine stomach.

Objectives The range of histopathologic features of gastric syphilis is not well described. Here we describe the clinicopathologic findings of eight patients with syphilitic gastritis. Methods A search of our Pathology Data System (2003-2022) and multiple other institutions identified eight patients with syphilitic gastritis. Clinical information, pathology reports, and available slides were reviewed. Results Lesions predominated in middle-aged adults (mean age, 47.2 years; range, 23-61 years) with a propensity for men (n = 7). Three patients had a documented history of human immunodeficiency virus. Clinical presentations included weight loss, abdominal pain, hematochezia, fever, dyspepsia, nausea and vomiting, hematemesis, anemia, and early satiety. Endoscopic findings included ulcerations, erosions, abnormal mucosa, and nodularity. All specimens shared an active chronic gastritis pattern with intense lymphohistiocytic infiltrates, variable plasma cells, and gland loss. Prominent lymphoid aggregates were seen in four specimens. The diagnosis was confirmed either by immunostain for Treponema pallidum (n = 7) or by direct immunofluorescence staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction (n = 1). All patients with available follow-up data showed resolution of symptoms after antibiotic therapy (n = 4). Conclusions Recognition of the histologic pattern of syphilitic gastritis facilitates timely treatment, prevents further transmission, and avoids unnecessarily aggressive treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Helicobacter Pylori is the important medical pathogen, reporting in more than half of the world population. Its infections lead to gastric inflammation, peptic ulcer and sometime cause gastric cancer. Various treatment regimes are in use for the eradication of H.pylori, but due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance, its management is a big issue for clinicians. Methodology: In current study all suspected cases that has visited District Head Quarter Hospital Kohat, were consider for screening of H. pylori infections. Preliminary information about their age, gender; general health conditions, occupation etc were taken for consideration. After recording initial sign and symptoms, samples were considered for H. pylori detections using stool antigen test and endoscopy. A Fourteen days proton-pump inhibitor(ppi) base triple and quadruple therapies were administered to each patient comprising of Esomeprazole 40mg, Rebeprazol 20mg, Metronidazole 500mg, Levofloxacin 500mg and Bismuth subcitrate. Results: In total (n=178) positive patients, there were high numbers of positivity in patients aged below 30 years 82 (45.5%) most of which belonged to the rural areas. The MEL were given to 100patients, out of which, 88(88%) patients show successful eradication followed by the bismuth based quadruple therapy (MELB) which were given to (n=25) patients, of which 21(84%) show successful eradication. Conclusion: This study conclude that there were high number of positive patients in aged below 30 years in which many patients were from rural area and according to this study the MEL is the most effective treatment regime for the eradication of H.pylori

Besides Helicobacter pylori, a Gram-negative bacterium that may cause gastric disorders in humans, non-Helicobacter pylori helicobacters (NHPH) may also colonize the stomach of humans and animals. In pigs, H. suis can induce gastritis and may play a role in gastric ulcer disease, possibly in association with Fusobacterium gastrosuis. In the present study, gastric samples from 71 slaughtered pigs and 14 hunted free range wild boars were tested for the presence of DNA of F. gastrosuis and gastric Helicobacter species associated with pigs, dogs cats and humans, using species-specific PCR assays, followed by sequencing of the amplicon. These gastric samples were also histopathologically evaluated. Almost all the pigs presented gastritis (95.8%). Helicobacter spp. were detected in 78.9% and F. gastrosuis in 35.2% of the animals. H. suis was the most frequently identified Helicobacter species (57.7% of the animals), followed by a H. pylori-like species (50.7%) and less often H. salomonis and H. felis (each in 2.8% of the animals). H. suis was most often detected in the glandular (distal) part of the stomach (pars oesophagea 9.9%, oxyntic mucosa 35.2%, antral mucosa 40.8%), while the H. pylori-like species was mainly found in the non-glandular (proximal) part of the stomach (pars oesophagea 39.4%, oxyntic mucosa 14.1%, antral mucosa 4.2%). The great majority of wild boars were also affected with gastritis (71.4%) and Helicobacter spp. and F. gastrosuis were detected in 64.3% and 42.9% of the animals, respectively. H. bizzozeronii and H. salomonis were the most frequently detected Helicobacter species, while a H. pylori-like species and H. suis were only occasionally identified. These findings suggest that these microorganisms can colonize the stomach of both porcine species and may be associated with gastric pathology. This should, however, be confirmed through bacterial isolation. This is the first description of the presence of F. gastrosuis DNA in the stomach of wild boars and a H. pylori-like species in the pars oesophagea of the porcine stomach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori is an important medical pathogen present in more than half of the world's population. Various treatment regimen are in use for the eradication of H. pylori, but due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance, its management is a big issue for clinicians. Methods: In this study all suspected cases that had visited District Headquarters Hospital Kohat were considered for screening of H. pylori infections. Preliminary information about their age, gender, general health conditions, occupation, etc. was taken for consideration. After recording initial signs and symptoms, samples were considered for H. pylori detection using stool antigen test and endoscopy. Fourteen-day proton pump inhibitor base triple and quadruple therapy were administered to each patient. Results: In total (n = 178), there were high numbers of positivity in patients aged below 30 years (82; 46.06%), most of whom belonged to rural areas. Conclusion: This study concludes that there were high numbers of positive patients aged below 30 years, and according to this study MEL (Metronidazole + Esomeprazole + Levofloxacin) is the most effective treatment regimen for the eradication of H. pylori. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastric adenomyoma, a subtype of pancreatic heterotopia, is a rare mural lesion typically located within the antrum or pylorus consisting of well-formed glands lined by a single layer of bland epithelium embedded within dense smooth muscle bundles. Like most forms of pancreatic heterotopia, gastric adenomyomas are usually incidental findings, but may result in obstructive symptoms, especially if situated within the pyloric channel. Malignant degeneration is exceedingly rare, with existing reports lacking detailed morphologic descriptions. Herein, we discuss the case of a 62-year old female who presented to our institution with two months of early satiety and bloating. Imaging revealed a partially cystic mass within the pyloric wall associated with eccentric gastric wall thickening. Endoscopic fine needle aspiration cytology revealed glands embedded in smooth muscle. Distal gastrectomy ultimately revealed an extremely well-differentiated adenocarcinoma arising in a pre-existing adenomyoma of the pyloric channel. In this report, an extensive review of this rare entity is provided, including detailed morphologic and immunohistochemical findings of our case, differential diagnostic considerations, pitfalls of gastric mural lesions that contain epithelium, and a comprehensive literature review.

Histology of gastric biopsy specimens from 213 patients was studied. Microscopic observation of hematoxylin & eosin stained sections was the main method for identification of Helicobacter pylori. Results of 200 cases were compared with biochemical test, Gram's stain and culture of concurrent specimens. Relations between presence of H. pylori and gastric pathology were analyzed. Histologic presence of H. pylori is significantly correlated with presence and activity of gastritis and intestinal metaplasia.

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Algerian patients with peptic disorders and evaluate the impact of different epidemiological factors (age, sex, sampling site, presence or absence of H. pylori, and type of pathology related to this bacterium). Methods: We undertook a retrospective and descriptive study on a series of 735 symptomatic patients identified in the laboratory of pathological anatomy at Hassani Abdelkader University Hospital Center of Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria, over a period of 16 years from January 2002 to December 2017. All patients had benefited from a high gastroscopic fibroscopy and the diagnosis was made by histological examination (hematoxylin–eosin staining). The epidemiological factors, as well as the main gastric diseases related to this bacterium, were studied. Results: The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 66.12%. The infection was more important in the age group 60–69 years (71.43%). The prevalence of H. pylori infection was statistically higher in women than in men (69.3% vs. 60.7%, p < 0.01).The antral region was most colonized by H. pylori (71.73%). In addition, the infection was associated mainly with atrophic gastritis (69.65%). Conclusion: In this context, the identification of epidemiological data would be of great value in guiding strategies to control the spread of this bacterium.

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Algerian patients with peptic disorders and evaluate the impact of different epidemiological factors (age, sex, sampling site, presence or absence of H. pylori, and type of pathology related to this bacterium). Methods: We undertook a retrospective and descriptive study on a series of 735 symptomatic patients identified in the laboratory of pathological anatomy at Hassani Abdelkader University Hospital Center of Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria, over a period of 16 years from January 2002 to December 2017. All patients had benefited from a high gastroscopic fibroscopy and the diagnosis was made by histological examination (hematoxylin–eosin staining). The epidemiological factors, as well as the main gastric diseases related to this bacterium, were studied. Results: The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 66.12%. The infection was more important in the age group 60–69 years (71.43%). The prevalence of H. pylori infection was statistically higher in women than in men (69.3% vs. 60.7%, p < 0.01). The antral region was most colonized by H. pylori (71.73%). In addition, the infection was associated mainly with atrophic gastritis (69.65%). Conclusion: In this context, the identification of epidemiological data would be of great value in guiding strategies to control the spread of this bacterium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers current views on the classical determinants of Helicobacter pylori virulence, pathogenetic effects of phosphorylation, and the process of CagA translocation into gastric mucosa (GM) cells and characterizes surface membrane receptors of VacA binding to epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa. The necessity of genetic typing of Helicobacter pylori to determine the potential virulence of a microorganism in order to predict the course of H. pylori-associated diseases and to select targeted therapy is substantiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Zuojin Pill consists of Coptidis Rhizoma (CR) and Euodiae Fructus (EF). It has been a classic prescription for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in China since ancient times. Alkaloids are considered to be its main pharmacologically active substances. The authors of the present study investigated the feasibility of preparing high purity total alkaloids (TAs) from CR and EF extracts separately and evaluated the effect for the treatment of bile reflux gastritis (BRG). Coptis chinensis Franch. and Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. were used in the study. An optimized method for the enrichment and purification of TAs with macroporous resin was established. Furthermore, qualitative analysis by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization and quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC–ESI–QTOF-MS) was explored to identify the components of purified TAs. Thirty-one compounds, thirty alkaloids and one phenolic compound, were identified or tentatively assigned by comparison with reference standards or literature data. A method of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector (UHPLC–DAD) for quantitative analysis was also developed. The contents of nine alkaloids were determined. Moreover, a rat model of BRG was used to investigate the therapeutic effect of the combination of purified TAs from CR and EF. Gastric pathologic examination suggested that the alkaloids’ combination could markedly attenuate the pathological changes of gastric mucosa.

This study showcases a novel AI-driven approach to accurately differentiate between stage one and stage two gastric carcinoma based on pathology slide analysis. Gastric carcinoma, a significant contributor to cancer-related mortality globally, necessitates precise staging for optimal treatment planning and patient management. Leveraging a comprehensive dataset of 3540 high-resolution pathology images sourced from Kaggle.com, comprising an equal distribution of stage one and stage two tumors, the developed AI model demonstrates remarkable performance in tumor staging. Through the application of state-of-the-art deep learning techniques on Google's Collaboration platform, the model achieves outstanding accuracy and precision rates of 100%, accompanied by notable sensitivity (97.09%), specificity (100%), and F1-score (98.31%). Additionally, the model exhibits an impressive area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.999, indicating superior discriminatory power and robustness. By providing clinicians with an efficient and reliable tool for gastric carcinoma staging, this AI-driven approach has the potential to significantly enhance diagnostic accuracy, inform treatment decisions, and ultimately improve patient outcomes in the management of gastric carcinoma. This research contributes to the ongoing advancement of cancer diagnosis and underscores the transformative potential of artificial intelligence in clinical practice., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024, Reddy et al.)

The probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) can play a role in establishing a harmless relationship with Helicobacter pylori and reduce gastric pathology in East African populations. H. pylori has the ability to inhabit the surface of the mucous layer of the human stomach and duodenum. In the developing world, an estimated 51% of the population is carrier of H. pylori, while in some Western countries these numbers dropped below 20%, which is probably associated with improved sanitation and smaller family sizes. Colonization by H. pylori can be followed by inflammation of the gastric mucus layer, and is a risk factor in the development of atrophic gastritis, peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. Notwithstanding the higher prevalence of H. pylori carriers in developing countries, no equal overall increase in gastric pathology is found. This has been attributed to a less pro-inflammatory immune response to H. pylori in African compared to Caucasian populations. In addition, a relatively low exposure to other risk factors in certain African populations may play a role, including the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, smoking, and diets without certain protective factors. A novel approach to the reduction of H. pylori associated gastric pathology is found in the administration of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus yoba 2012 (LRY), the generic variant of LGG. This gastro-intestinal isolate inhibits H. pylori by competition for substrate and binding sites as well as production of antimicrobial compounds such as lactic acid. In addition, it attenuates the host’s H. pylori-induced apoptosis and inflammation responses and stimulates angiogenesis in the gastric and duodenal epithelium. The probiotic LRY is not able to eradicate H. pylori completely, but its co-supplementation in antibiotic eradication therapy has been shown to relieve side effects of this therapy. In Uganda, unlike other African countries, gastric pathology is relatively common, presumably resulting from the lack of dietary protective factors in the traditional diet. Supplementation with LRY through local production of probiotic yogurt, could be a solution to establish a harmless relationship with H. pylori and reduce gastric pathology and subsequent eradication therapy treatment.

The probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) can play a role in establishing a harmless relationship with Helicobacter pylori and reduce gastric pathology in East African populations. H. pylori has the ability to inhabit the surface of the mucous layer of the human stomach and duodenum. In the developing world, an estimated 51% of the population is carrier of H. pylori, while in some Western countries these numbers dropped below 20%, which is probably associated with improved sanitation and smaller family sizes. Colonization by H. pylori can be followed by inflammation of the gastric mucus layer, and is a risk factor in the development of atrophic gastritis, peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. Notwithstanding the higher prevalence of H. pylori carriers in developing countries, no equal overall increase in gastric pathology is found. This has been attributed to a less pro-inflammatory immune response to H. pylori in African compared to Caucasian populations. In addition, a relatively low exposure to other risk factors in certain African populations may play a role, including the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, smoking, and diets without certain protective factors. A novel approach to the reduction of H. pylori associated gastric pathology is found in the administration of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus yoba 2012 (LRY), the generic variant of LGG. This gastro-intestinal isolate inhibits H. pylori by competition for substrate and binding sites as well as production of antimicrobial compounds such as lactic acid. In addition, it attenuates the host's H. pylori-induced apoptosis and inflammation responses and stimulates angiogenesis in the gastric and duodenal epithelium. The probiotic LRY is not able to eradicate H. pylori completely, but its co-supplementation in antibiotic eradication therapy has been shown to relieve side effects of this therapy. In Uganda, unlike other African countries, gastric pathology is relatively common, presumably resulting from the lack of dietary protective factors in the traditional diet. Supplementation with LRY through local production of probiotic yogurt, could be a solution to establish a harmless relationship with H. pylori and reduce gastric pathology and subsequent eradication therapy treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In order to evaluate infection by H. pylori in patients with symptomatology in the upper gastrointestinal tract, 120 patients who visited the Institute of Social Prevention in the Ministry the Education (IPASME) and Saint Vincent Paul Clinic were studied from November 1999 to December 2000. Each patient was subjected to an upper digestive endoscopy and two biopsy samples were taken from the mucosa membrane of the gastric antrum to detect the presence of H. pylori using the rapid urease test. Gram’s stain and a blood sample were taken for serology. The quick urease test and Gram’s stains showed an higher sensitivity (98,92%) than the serological method (93,55%). 106 patients were diagnosed positive for H. pylori. The endoscopic study revealed that among the positive patients 92 (86,79%) showed damaged mucus membrane and 14 (13,20%) had a normal mucus membrane. 43(46,73%) of the patients with damaged mucus membrane showed acute gastritis, 31(33,71%) chronic gastritis and 18 (19,56%) gastric ulcers. A very high association between the prevalence of H. pylori and the state of the mucus membrane was found (Z=6,71; p

The Zuojin Pill consists of Coptidis Rhizoma (CR) and Euodiae Fructus (EF). It has been a classic prescription for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in China since ancient times. Alkaloids are considered to be its main pharmacologically active substances. The authors of the present study investigated the feasibility of preparing high purity total alkaloids (TAs) from CR and EF extracts separately and evaluated the effect for the treatment of bile reflux gastritis (BRG). Coptis chinensis Franch. and Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. were used in the study. An optimized method for the enrichment and purification of TAs with macroporous resin was established. Furthermore, qualitative analysis by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization and quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC–ESI–QTOF-MS) was explored to identify the components of purified TAs. Thirty-one compounds, thirty alkaloids and one phenolic compound, were identified or tentatively assigned by comparison with reference standards or literature data. A method of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector (UHPLC–DAD) for quantitative analysis was also developed. The contents of nine alkaloids were determined. Moreover, a rat model of BRG was used to investigate the therapeutic effect of the combination of purified TAs from CR and EF. Gastric pathologic examination suggested that the alkaloids' combination could markedly attenuate the pathological changes of gastric mucosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]