182 results on '"geistiges Eigentum"'
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2. DATEN ALS EIGENSTÄNDIGES VERMÖGENSGUT IN DEN VOLKS-WIRTSCHAFTLICHEN GESAMTRECH-NUNGEN -- EIN WERKSTATTBERICHT.
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Donado, Alejandro, Kuckelkorn, Benedikt, Weigelt, Yannik, and Seeger, Daniel
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NATIONAL account systems ,GROSS domestic product ,NATIONAL income accounting ,DEPRECIATION ,INTELLECTUAL property - Abstract
Copyright of WISTA Wirtschaft und Statistik is the property of Statistisches Bundesamt and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
3. Der patentrechtliche Schutz von Daten und seine Grenzen
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Landscheidt, Dr. jur. Fabian
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Geistiges Eigentum ,Daten ,Künstliche Intelligenz ,Information ,Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz ,Patent ,Patentschutz ,bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LA Jurisprudence & general issues::LAF Systems of law::LAFD Civil codes / Civil law - Abstract
Daten verfügen als digitale Güter über enormes Innovationspotential. Die Möglichkeit der Patentierung von Daten ist jedoch bisher weitgehend unerforscht. Ausgehend von einem patentrechtlich definierten Datenbegriff entwickelt Dr. jur. Fabian Landscheidt in diesem Open-Access-Buch daher praxistaugliche, verfassungskonforme und mit der aktuellen Entscheidungspraxis der deutschen und europäischen Spruchkörper in Einklang stehende Fallgruppen zur Datenpatentierbarkeit. Gleichzeitig durchleuchtet er dabei kritisch die Konzepte der Technizität von Erfindungen sowie der Körperlichkeit von Verfahrens- und Sacherzeugnissen im Grenzbereich zwischen Mensch- und Maschinen-Kommunikation. Dies ist ein Open-Access-Buch.
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- 2024
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4. Das Argument für eine Datenbankrichtlinie in Europa
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Gupta, Indranath and Gupta, Indranath
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- 2023
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5. Die Auswirkungen von Feist auf dem US-Datenbankmarkt
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Gupta, Indranath and Gupta, Indranath
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- 2023
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6. Vom Konzept zum Patienten
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Clément, Claude and Clément, Claude
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- 2023
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7. Innovationen im Handel nutzen und schützen
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Bader, Martin A., Knoppe, Marc, editor, Rock, Stefan, editor, and Wild, Martin, editor
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- 2022
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8. Dateneigentum
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Nullmeier, Frank, Klenk, Tanja, editor, Nullmeier, Frank, editor, and Wewer, Göttrik, editor
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- 2020
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9. Zur Bewertung von Patenten bei Spin-offs: Einige Anmerkungen zu Gawenko und Hinz, ZögU 43(1-2), S. 35-49 aus bewertungstheoretischer Perspektive.
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Follert, Florian
- Abstract
Copyright of Zeitschrift für Öffentliche und Gemeinwirtschaftliche Unternehmen (ZÖgU) / Journal for Public & Nonprofit Services is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2020
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10. ZAŠTITA POSLOVNIH TAJNI KAO OBLIKA INTELEKTUALNOG VLASNIŠTVA.
- Author
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Marinković, Ana Rački
- Abstract
Copyright of Collected Papers of the Law Faculty of the University of Rijeka / Zbornik Pravnog Fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci is the property of Pravni fakultet Sveucilista u Rijeci and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
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11. Fundamental Patents, National Intellectual Property Regimes, and the Development of New Industries in Britain and America during the Second Industrial Revolution.
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Scott, Peter and Spadavecchia, Anna
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INTELLECTUAL property ,INDUSTRIAL revolution ,PATENT law ,PATENT reform ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations - Abstract
Several "new" industries of the second industrial revolution were characterised by one, or few, "fundamental" patents, without which manufacture of a viable product was not practicable. The degree of monopoly control that such patents conveyed was mediated by national socio-legal regimes, encompassing both patent law and its interpretation and enforcement. Using four case studies (two for the UK – a low anti-trust environment, and two for the USA – a high anti-trust environment) we show that fundamental patents were major determinants of monopoly power, industry structure, barriers to competition, and consumer prices. Impacts could extend beyond the life of the patents, owing to first mover advantages and path-dependent processes. Meanwhile national socio-legal environments, the nature of the fundamental patents, the strategies of the patent owners, and the nature of the specific product technology could have important (and sometimes unforeseen) consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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12. Do Legal Differences Matter? A Comparison of German Patent Law Regimes before 1877.
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Donges, Alexander and Selgert, Felix
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PATENT law ,PATENT reform ,PATENT applications ,PER capita ,PATENTS ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
In this article, we give an overview of the differences in German patent legislations between 1815 and 1876. German patent laws differed in particular with regard to the application and approval system, the treatment of foreign applicants, and patent fees. Differences in the former two categories provide an explanation why the number of patents was considerably lower in Prussia than in other states. While the number of Prussian patents per capita almost stagnated between 1840 and 1872, it increased in Baden, Bavaria and Saxony. Formal differences in patent law do not fully explain this pattern, but Prussian patent policy does. The Prussian patent authority set high barriers to get a patent by applying a thorough technical examination and a strict definition of novelty. Furthermore, we show that states using a registration system granted a considerably higher number of patents than states with technical examinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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13. Patent Law and Innovation in Europe during the Industrial Revolution.
- Author
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Donges, Alexander and Selgert, Felix
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INDUSTRIAL revolution ,PATENT law ,HUMAN capital ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,MONETARY incentives - Abstract
Human capital, access to markets, and innovation-friendly institutions were important preconditions for the acceleration of technological change during the industrial revolution. In this context, the recent literature discusses the role of patents. Given their dual nature, patents may have either stimulated innovation through the creation of financial incentives for inventors or they may have hampered innovation, because they created monopolies that restricted the free flow of knowledge. For this reason, the overall effects of patents on innovation and, eventually, long-run economic growth are not clear. In order to develop a better understanding of the determinants of innovation, this special issue of the Economic History Yearbook therefore focuses on the causes and consequences of patent laws and patent law reforms in the nineteenth and early twentieth century in different European countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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14. Publizität und Register im gewerblichen Rechtsschutz
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Wild, Gregor
- Subjects
geistiges Eigentum ,Rechtsverkehr ,Immaterielle Güter ,thema EDItEUR::L Law::LA Jurisprudence and general issues ,thema EDItEUR::L Law::LA Jurisprudence and general issues::LAF Systems of law ,thema EDItEUR::L Law::LA Jurisprudence and general issues::LAF Systems of law::LAFC Systems of law: common law ,thema EDItEUR::L Law::LA Jurisprudence and general issues::LAF Systems of law::LAFF Systems of law: customary law - Abstract
Sind die Immaterialgüterregister eine Art Grundbuch oder ein spezieller Teil des Handelsregisters? Sind sie lediglich Datenbanken, welche Informationen ohne konstitutive Rechtswirkungen bereithalten? Da dem «geistigen Eigentum» kein praktikables Institut des «geistigen Besitzes» zur Seite gestellt werden kann, sind im gewerblichen Rechtsschutz Surrogate für Besitz und Publizität notwendig. Das vorliegende Buch geht der Frage nach, welche Institute des geltenden Rechts die immateriellen und abstrakten Positionen des gewerblichen Rechtsschutzes für den Rechtsverkehr erkennbar und fasslich machen, welche Behörden mit der Führung dieser Einrichtungen betraut und mit welchen Rechtswirkungen diese Institute ausgestattet sind.
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- 2022
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15. Open and Responsible Data Governance for Digital Sequence Information: Policy Paper in View of the Ongoing Process under the Convention for Biological Diversity to Establish a Benefit-Sharing Mechanism for Digital Sequence Information
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Klünker, Irma and Weizenbaum Institute for the Networked Society - The German Internet Institute
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Technology (Applied sciences) ,Science ,Naturwissenschaften ,geistiges Eigentum ,data access ,Biodiversität ,Technology Assessment ,genetics ,Datenspeicherung ,Technikfolgenabschätzung ,Genetik ,Natural Science and Engineering, Applied Sciences ,biodiversity ,Technik, Technologie ,data storage ,Datenzugang ,copyright ,data exchange ,intellectual property ,Naturwissenschaften, Technik(wissenschaften), angewandte Wissenschaften ,Benefit-Sharing ,Digital Sequence Information ,Urheberrecht ,Biotechnik ,Datenaustausch ,ddc:500 ,ddc:600 ,biotechnology - Abstract
Open and Responsible Data Governance is a promising concept to help operationalize the FAIR and CARE principles for DSI-specific data governance. While the CARE principles ensure indigenous data sovereignty is respected, the FAIR principles ensure that monetary benefits from the use of DSI are generated and form a part of resource mobilization for the conservation of biodiversity.
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- 2023
16. Veraltete Rechte zu geistigem Eigentum: Rezension zu 'Against Progress: Intellectual Property and Fundamental Values in the Internet Age' von Jessica Silbey
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Ecker, Marlen van den
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Recht ,ddc:340 ,Geistiges Eigentum ,immaterielle Güter ,Rechtssoziologie ,Fortschritt ,intellectual property ,Fotografie ,Technik ,Wirtschaft & Recht ,Law - Abstract
Jessica Silbey: Against Progress - Intellectual Property and Fundamental Values in the Internet Age. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press 2022. 978-1-503-60830-6
- Published
- 2023
17. OWNER-MANAGED CLOSED IT COMPANIES IN CROATIA: CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND IP PROTECTION ISSUES.
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Mutabžija, Jasmina
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COMPUTER software industry ,CORPORATE governance ,INTELLECTUAL property - Abstract
Copyright of Collected Papers of the Law Faculty of the University of Rijeka / Zbornik Pravnog Fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci is the property of Pravni fakultet Sveucilista u Rijeci and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. INTERNET DISTRIBUTION OF LUXURY PRODUCTS: IS THERE A DELUXE VERSION OF EU COMPETITION LAW?
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Kunda, Ivana and Malnar, Vlatka Butorac
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ANTITRUST law ,LUXURY goods industry ,ELECTRONIC commerce - Abstract
Copyright of Collected Papers of the Law Faculty of the University of Rijeka / Zbornik Pravnog Fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci is the property of Pravni fakultet Sveucilista u Rijeci and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Anwendungsszenarien für die Blockchain-Technologie in der Industrie 4.0.
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Bartsch, Florian, Neidhardt, Nils, Nüttgens, Markus, Holland, Martin, and Kompf, Martin
- Abstract
Copyright of HMD: Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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20. From the Book Materiality to the Form of the Work. The Enlightenment's Genesis of the ‘Geistiges Eigentum’
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Guido Alimena
- Subjects
copyright ,literary property ,geistiges eigentum ,germany ,xviiith century ,Bibliography. Library science. Information resources - Abstract
Among the different expressions used to describe copyright, spiritual property is the most meaningful and, at the same time, the most controversial. The history of literary property – another descriptive expression, though to a lesser extent – reveals that the writer’s work reflects something deeper than his/her ideas. The copyright evolution in Germany is one of the best testimonies of it. There, the so-called geistiges Eigentum has been explained as a kind of dominion on a personal good, which over the time has become more and more incorporeal, up to lose every material peculiarity. This issue still holds a great philosophical value, both because the literary property protection involves necessarily the author’s personality, and because its real object is the work’s form, which is spirit: a concept developed throughout a long literary debate during the Eighteenth century.
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- 2014
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21. Access and benefit-sharing on digital sequence information: Policy paper in view of the COP15 UN Biodiversity Conference in Montreal in December 2022
- Author
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Weizenbaum Institute for the Networked Society - The German Internet Institute, Klünker, Irma, Weizenbaum Institute for the Networked Society - The German Internet Institute, and Klünker, Irma
- Published
- 2022
22. Das deutsche Arzneimittelpatent - eine moralische Bewertung.
- Author
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Müller, Sebastian
- Abstract
Copyright of Ethik in der Medizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
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23. Wissen als geistiges Eigentum
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Walther Umstätter
- Subjects
Geistiges Eigentum ,Copyright ,Internet ,Wissen ,Wissensbegriff ,Immaterialgüterrecht ,Verlagswesen ,Bibliography. Library science. Information resources - Abstract
Zusammenfassung: Geistiges Eigentum ist durch eine bemerkenswerte Charakteristik gekennzeichnet. Es kann nur durch die Zurverfügungstellung und allgemeine Veröffentlichung erreicht werden. Historisch betrachtet konnte man immaterielle Eigentumsrechte nicht erwerben, wenn man keinen Verleger fand. Erst in den letzten Jahren wurde es sehr einfach, durch die Veröffentlichung unseres Wissens im Internet, zu geistigem Eigentum zu gelangen. Die Ursache für diese Eigenschaft geistigen Eigentums ist die Informationstheorie, in der Informationen in beliebiger Menge zu Redundanz kopiert werden kann. An dieser Stelle spielen die Verlage noch immer eine wichtige Rolle, durch ihre Anzeige ausgewählter Immaterialgüterrechte von Autoren oder Interessengruppen.Abstract: Intellectual property is characterized by a remarkable attribute. It has to be made available for the world by publication. In earlier times one couldn’t achieve intangible property rights if there was no publisher available. Only in recent years it became very easy to get intellectual properties by publishing our knowledge in the Internet. The cause for such a strange fact is the information theory, in which information can be copied to redundancy in any quantity. A growing problem is the amount of publications in which the identification of individual contributions is more and more difficult. At this point, the publishing industry plays till now an important role by advertising intellectual properties of selected authors or special interest groups.
- Published
- 2011
24. Access and benefit-sharing on digital sequence information: Policy paper in view of the COP15 UN Biodiversity Conference in Montreal in December 2022
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Klünker, Irma and Weizenbaum Institute for the Networked Society - The German Internet Institute
- Subjects
Datenzugang ,copyright ,data exchange ,geistiges Eigentum ,intellectual property ,Recht ,Benefit-Sharing ,Digital Sequence Information ,data access ,Urheberrecht ,ddc:340 ,Biotechnik ,Datenaustausch ,Natural Science, Engineering, Medicine ,Naturwissenschaften, Technik, Medizin ,genetics ,Genetik ,Law ,biotechnology - Published
- 2022
25. Pillen und Patente: Geistiges Eigentum im deutschen Kapitalismus am Beispiel der Pharmabranche (1950-2000)
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Bernsee, Robert and Bernsee, Robert
- Abstract
Anhand der bundesdeutschen Pharmawirtschaft, genauer der Unternehmen Bayer, Hoechst, Merck und Schering, wird gezeigt, dass die Bedeutung von Patentrechten für die Gesundheitsökonomie in der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts deutlich wuchs: Die Unternehmen erhöhten nicht nur die Anzahl von Patenten, sondern auch die Investitionen in immaterielles Vermögen erheblich. Die Kosten für Forschung und Entwicklung (F&E) überstiegen seit etwa Ende der 1970er-Jahre die Investitionen in Produktionsanlagen. Patente selbst avancierten zum Instrument, um unternehmensseitig den Wettbewerb zu beeinflussen. Das 1968 eingeführte "Stoffpatent" für neue chemische Verbindungen hatte dafür erweiterte Möglichkeiten geschaffen. Patent- und Lizenzabteilungen wurden zu wichtigen Orten unternehmensinterner Entscheidungsfindung. Zudem wurden die Forschungsleistungen hervorgehoben, um den Anstieg der Arzneimittelpreise zu rechtfertigen. Der Aufsatz leistet einen Beitrag zur Beantwortung der Frage, wie und wann die bundesdeutsche Wirtschaft verstärkt zu einer "Intangible Economy" wurde. Er verdeutlicht, wie relevant geistiges Eigentum für die Transformation seit den 1970er-Jahren war - und damit für die Zeitgeschichte des Kapitalismus als Kombination von Vermarktlichung und Verrechtlichung, von globalem Wettbewerb und nationalstaatlicher Regulierung., With respect to the German pharmaceutical industry, specifically Bayer, Hoechst, Merck and Schering, the article shows that the importance of patent rights for the health economy has increased tremendously since the 1950s. The corporations not only registered more patents, but also expanded their investments in intangible assets: Since the 1970s, the costs for research and development (R&D) have surpassed investments in tangible assets, like plants and buildings. Patents became a tool used by the corporations to influence the competition. The introduction of the 'chemical patent' in 1968 had created opportunities to use patents this way. Departments for patents and licensing became important players within the decision-making processes of the pharmaceutical corporations. The latter, moreover, tended to emphasise their advances in R&D to justify the rising prices for drugs. The article goes some way towards answering the question of how and when the German economy changed into an 'intangible economy'. It highlights the importance of intellectual property for the transformation since the 1970s - thus underscoring its relevance for the contemporary history of capitalism as a combination of marketisation and legalisation, of global competition and national regulation.
- Published
- 2021
26. Tactical Entanglements: AI Art, Creative Agency, and the Limits of Intellectual Property
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Zeilinger, Martin and Zeilinger, Martin
- Abstract
How do artistic experiments with artificial intelligence problematize human-centered notions of creative agency, authorship, and ownership? Offering a wide-ranging discussion of contemporary digital art practices, philosophical and technical considerations of AI, posthumanist thought, and emerging issues of intellectual property and the commons, this book is firmly positioned against the anthropomorphic spectacle of "creative AI." It proposes instead the concept of the posthumanist agential assemblage, and invites readers to consider what new types of creative practice, what reconfigurations of the author function, and what critical interventions become possible when AI art provokes tactical entanglements between aesthetics, law, and capital.
- Published
- 2021
27. Appropriation of Artisans' Intellectual Property in Fashion Design Accessories: Piracy Disguised as Giving Back?
- Author
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Hamilton, Clovia and Hamilton, Clovia
- Abstract
Creative industries are industries focused on the creation and exploitation of intellectual property, including art, fashion design, and related creative services, such as advertisement and sales. During a trip to Burkina Faso in West Africa, Keri Fosse was taught by an African woman how to wrap newborns with fabric in a manner that creates a strong bond and frees the mother’s hands for other tasks. Burkina Faso has a craft culture and is known for its woven cotton and the textile art of Bogolan. Bogolan is a technique original to and involves the tradition of dyeing threads with bright colors, washing it skillfully, using coated and shiny Bazin, and using indigo from Benin. After this trip, Fosse and her husband developed a shirt which copies the African lady's, Lalabu's, technique. They developed a product called Soothe Shirt; and created a business called Lalabu. Lalabu is also the name of the African woman that the Fosses met. They have been successful. The Fosses have stated that they got the idea from Lalabu, but redesigned it for production. The couple advertises that they "giving back" by giving 2% percent of each purchase to help female African entrepreneurs through microfinancing. By offering micro-loans, the Fosses claim that when the African women repay the loan, they reinvest the money into the micro loan fund. This study advocates that practices like the Fosses' are not representative of socially responsible entrepreneurial endeavors. Instead, these are instances of intellectual property piracy. The following sections are a discussion of the relevant legal foundation, theoretical foundation, and existing best practices. With respect to best practices, what is missing is shared ownership. Although the open appropriation of fashion designs may he commonplace in America, the appropriation of cultural artisan crafts created in other countries by Americans beg special attention.
- Published
- 2021
28. Legal challenges of an open web index
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Christian L. Geminn, Leon Pfeiffer, and Kai Erenli
- Subjects
030506 rehabilitation ,Suche ,Status quo ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Internet privacy ,digital sovereignty ,02 engineering and technology ,Intellectual property ,search engines ,03 medical and health sciences ,open search ,Sovereignty ,020204 information systems ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,right to be forgotten ,media_common ,business.industry ,Right to be forgotten ,Information technology ,General Medicine ,intellectual property ,Geistiges Eigentum ,Suchmaschine ,Index (publishing) ,The Internet ,Business ,Recht auf Vergessenwerden ,0305 other medical science ,Autonomy ,Digitale Souveränität - Abstract
Calls for a European “third way” in matters of digital technology need to be put into action to achieve an actual change of the status quo. To achieve autonomy in the digital sphere, European alternatives to digital services and products need to be established. However, such efforts must also extend to the level of information technology infrastructure. To that end, decentralized indexing of the internet could significantly help to strengthen Europe’s digital sovereignty. Nevertheless, legal challenges need to be overcome to make that vision a reality.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Internationaler rechtsschutz bei konflikten um geistiges eigentum und die rolle der WIPO
- Author
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Ayvazoğlu, Ebru, Kunig, Philip, Demir, Koray, and TAÜ, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Özel Hukuk Ana Bilim Dalı Koleksiyonu
- Subjects
Fikri Mülkiyet ,WIPO ,Principle of Territoriality ,Bölgesellik İlkesi ,Telif ,Sınai Mülkiyet ,Urheberrecht ,Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz ,Copyright ,Territorialitätsprinzip ,Geistiges Eigentum ,Intellectual Property - Abstract
Die Entwicklung seit frühester Menschheitsgeschichte hat gezeigt, dass geistige Schöpfungen kulturelle und technische Fortschritte vorantreiben. Deshalb ist der Schutz des geistigen Eigentumsrechts des Schöpfers von herausragender Bedeutung. Neben dem nationalen Schutz spielt der internationale Schutz des geistigen Eigentumsrechts eine wichtige Rolle, um Fortentwicklungen sicherzustellen, denn ein unzureichender Schutz würde Schöpfer vor Innovationen abhalten. Aus diesem Grund wurden internationale zwischenstaatliche Organisationenwie die Weltorganisation für geistiges Eigentum als Teilorganisation der Vereinten Nationen geschaffen. Durch diese Organisation werden bestimmte Maßnahmen ergriffen, um die Gewährleistung des rechtlichen Schutzes geistiger Schöpfungen weltweit sicherzustellen und Hindernisse für Innovationen zu beseitigen. In dieser Arbeit wird neben internationalen Konventionen im Bereich des geistigen Eigentums auch die Geschichte des geistigen Eigentums im deutschen und im türkischen Recht erörtert. Außerdem wird die Weltorganisation für geistiges Eigentum in kompakter Weise untersucht. Dabei wird auf deren Zweck, die Organe und auch die Schiedsgerichtsarten im Einzelnen eingegangen. Fikri yaratımların, insanlığın en eski tarihinden bu yana yaşanan gelişmelerle birlikte, kültürel ve teknik ilerlemeleri yönlendirdiğini görmekteyiz. Bu nedenledir ki, hak sahiplerinin korunması büyük bir önem taşımaktadır. Fikri mülkiyet haklarının ulusal alanda korunmasının yanı sıra uluslararası alanda da korunması, daha fazla gelişme ve ilerlemenin sağlanması hususunda önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Nitekim yaratıcılar, uluslararası korumanın yetersiz kaldığı durumlarda, yeni şeyler yaratmaktan alıkonulmuştur. Fikri mülkiyet alanındaki uluslararası korumanın pekiştirilmesi adına Birleşmiş Milletler’in bir alt kuruluşu olan Dünya Fikri Mülkiyet Örgütü adında bir kuruluş kurulmuştur. Bu kuruluşun görevleri, dünya çapında fikri yaratımların yasal olarak korunmasını sağlamak ve inovasyonun önündeki engelleri kaldırmak için belirli önlemler almaktır. Bu tezde, fikri mülkiyet alanındaki tarihi gelişmeler, uluslararası sözleşmeler, Alman ve Türk hukukunda fikri mülkiyetin gelişimi, Dünya Fikri Mülkiyet Örgütü'nün amacı ve organları ile tahkim türleri kompakt bir şekilde incelenmiştir.
- Published
- 2021
30. PROBLEME DES RECHTSSCHUTZES AUF DAS INTELLEKTUELLE EIGENTUM IM ARBEITSVERH��LTNIS
- Author
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Mikhailova, D.A. and Popova, O.A.
- Subjects
Exklusivrecht ,Arbeitsrecht ,employee rights ,Service Arbeit ,service work ,geistiges Eigentum ,intellectual property ,exclusive right ,Arbeitnehmerrechte ,labor law - Abstract
Die Relevanz dieses Themas liegt darin, dass die Entwicklung der Arbeitsbeziehungen von uns nicht nur Kenntnisse im Arbeitsrecht, sondern auch im Zivilund Verwaltungsrecht erfordert. Bei Inkonsistenzen in den Rechtsnormen verschiedener Branchen kann es jedoch zu Fehlinterpretationen und heterogenen Strafverfolgungspraktiken kommen. In der Arbeit werden die Probleme identifiziert, die in der aktuellen gesetzlichen Regelung bestehen, und L��sungsans��tze vorgeschlagen., The relevance of this topic lies in the fact that the development of labor relations requires from us not only knowledge of labor law, but also civil and administrative law. However, in the presence of inconsistencies in the norms of law of different industries, we may encounter misinterpretation, heterogeneous law enforcement practice. The work will identify the problems that exist in the current legal regulation, and suggest ways to solve them.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Appropriation of Artisans' Intellectual Property in Fashion Design Accessories: Piracy Disguised as Giving Back?
- Author
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Clovia Hamilton
- Subjects
Produktpiraterie ,Ethnologie, Kulturanthropologie, Ethnosoziologie ,geistiges Eigentum ,fashion ,Kunst ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,art ,indigenous peoples ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,Ethnology, Cultural Anthropology, Ethnosociology ,intellectual property ,indigene Völker ,Handwerk ,Recht ,Corporate Social Responsibility ,ddc:340 ,corporate social responibility ,handicraft trade ,ddc:300 ,counterfeiting ,Mode ,artisan crafts ,intellectual property rights ,IPR ,intellectual property licensing ,fashion law ,Law - Abstract
Creative industries are industries focused on the creation and exploitation of intellectual property, including art, fashion design, and related creative services, such as advertisement and sales. During a trip to Burkina Faso in West Africa, Keri Fosse was taught by an African woman how to wrap newborns with fabric in a manner that creates a strong bond and frees the mother’s hands for other tasks. Burkina Faso has a craft culture and is known for its woven cotton and the textile art of Bogolan. Bogolan is a technique original to and involves the tradition of dyeing threads with bright colors, washing it skillfully, using coated and shiny Bazin, and using indigo from Benin. After this trip, Fosse and her husband developed a shirt which copies the African lady's, Lalabu's, technique. They developed a product called Soothe Shirt; and created a business called Lalabu. Lalabu is also the name of the African woman that the Fosses met. They have been successful. The Fosses have stated that they got the idea from Lalabu, but redesigned it for production. The couple advertises that they "giving back" by giving 2% percent of each purchase to help female African entrepreneurs through microfinancing. By offering micro-loans, the Fosses claim that when the African women repay the loan, they reinvest the money into the micro loan fund. This study advocates that practices like the Fosses' are not representative of socially responsible entrepreneurial endeavors. Instead, these are instances of intellectual property piracy. The following sections are a discussion of the relevant legal foundation, theoretical foundation, and existing best practices. With respect to best practices, what is missing is shared ownership. Although the open appropriation of fashion designs may he commonplace in America, the appropriation of cultural artisan crafts created in other countries by Americans beg special attention.
- Published
- 2021
32. The potential of a patent licensing concept with the involvement of third-party organisation
- Author
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Varecka, Franz
- Subjects
Lizenzierung ,Licensing ,geistiges Eigentum ,intellectual property ,Innovation ,Technologietransfer ,Technology transfer - Abstract
Eine beschleunigte Verbreitung und Nutzung innovativer Best-Practice-Technologien ist besonders in den Bereichen Klimaschutz, Gesundheit und Nahrungsmittelsicherheit gefordert. Die Anwendung dieser ist durch Patente oft einem kleinen Kreis vorbehalten. Eine bislang außenstehende externe Organisation könnte essenzielles geistiges Eigentum von erhöhtem öffentlichen Interesse aggregieren und deren Inhaber*innen angemessen entlohnen. Dies würde eine Lizenzierung hochgradig zukunftsträchtiger Technologien ermöglichen und aufwendige Zwangslizenzierung obsolet machen. Im Rahmen dieser Masterarbeit werden die Potenziale, Schwierigkeiten sowie die erforderlichen Rahmenbedingungen dieser Lizenzierung beleuchtet. Auf Basis geltender Gesetzeslagen, jüngster Technologietransfer-Bestrebungen und Lizenzvergabestudien wurden hierfür leitfadengeführte Interviews mit Akteur*innen rund um den Lizenzierungsprozess geführt. Trotz der georteten Schwierigkeiten konnten klare Potenziale durch das vorgestellte System aufgezeigt werden. Bei gegebener Einsatzbereitschaft durch technologiefeldbezogene Schwerpunktsetzung können Best-Practice Technologien effizienter genutzt und Weiterentwicklungszyklen verkürzt werden. Es ist notwendig alle Inhaber*innen von Schlüsselpatenten in gleichem Maße in die Pflicht zu nehmen, um Weiterentwicklungen voranzutreiben ohne Innovationstätigkeiten einzuschränken, die die Zukunft der Gesellschaft formen. Accelerated dissemination and uptake of innovative best-practice technologies is particularly needed in the areas of climate protection, health and food safety. The application of such technologies is often limited to a small circle due to patents. A third-party organisation could aggregate essential intellectual property of high public interest and remunerate its owners appropriately. This would enable the licensing of promising technologies and make costly compulsory licensing obsolete. In this master's thesis, the potentials, difficulties and necessary framework conditions of this licensing are examined. Based on current legislation, recent technology transfer efforts and licensing studies, guided interviews were conducted with stakeholders involved in the licensing process. Despite the difficulties identified, clear potentials could be outlined through the system presented. With a given commitment through technology field focused prioritisation, best-practice technologies can be utilised more efficiently and subsequent development cycles can be shortened. It is necessary to hold all owners of key patents equally accountable in order to promote further developments without restricting innovation activities that shape the future of society. Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers Masterarbeit Wien, FH Campus Wien 2021
- Published
- 2021
33. Die Richtlinie über das Urheberrecht und die verwandten Schutzrechte im digitalen Binnenmarkt RL(EU) 2019/790 und die Vereinbarkeit ihrer Artikel 15 und 17 mit der Europäischen Grundrechte-Charta
- Author
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Jäger, Lukas Ernst and Jäger, Lukas Ernst
- Abstract
vorgelegt von: Lukas Ernst Jäger, Universität Innsbruck, Diplomarbeit, 2020, (VLID)4701366
- Published
- 2020
34. Wissenschaftliche Redlichkeit und die Generation der Digital Natives - Eine hochschuldidaktische Perspektive / Scientific Integrity and the Generation of Digital Natives - an Academic Didactical Perspective / L'intégrité scientifique et la génération des natifs du numérique - Un point de vue de l'enseignement universitaire
- Author
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Völger Winsky, Marion
- Abstract
Die heutigen Studierenden, die sogenannten Digital Natives, sind aufgewachsen mit ständig verfügbaren Informationen im Internet, deren Urheberschaft oft nicht klar ersichtlich ist. Vielfach stellen sie auch selbst Inhalte in Form von Wikis, Blogs oder Websites her. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist eine Unterscheidung zwischen Mein und Dein für diese Generation nicht mehr selbstverständlich und die Gefahr, dass ein neuer Text ohne Rücksichtnahme auf das geistige Eigentum anderer verfasst wird, steigt. Diesem Umstand wird seitens der Institutionen in der Regel mit dem Einsatz von Plagiatssoftware und Sanktionsdrohungen begegnet. Aus hochschuldidaktischer Sicht müssen jedoch darüber hinausgehende Lösungen gefunden werden, um dem sogenannten 'Google- Copy-Paste-Syndrom' in erster Linie präventiv und nicht repressiv zu begegnen. Im Zentrum steht die Frage, wie kritisches Denken und wissenschaftliche Redlichkeit im heutigen Hochschulunterricht, der geprägt ist durch neue Lehr- und Lernformen und einen hohen Anteil an Selbststudium, vermittelt werden können. Today's students, referred to as digital natives, have grown up with information permanently available in the internet, whereas the authorship of the information is not always explicitly apparent. In many cases, the students themselves create content such as wikis, blogs or web sites. Against the background of these facts, there is obviously no more natural distinction between 'mine and yours' for this present generation of students. The risk of new text being written without consideration of intellectual property is increasing. Academic institutions are trying to combat it with use of specific software to detect plagiarism, as well as they threaten with sanctions. From the pedagogical perspective of the universities, didactic requires an institutionalized process in order to prevent what is known as the 'Google-Copy-Paste- Syndrome'. The current Academic education today is characterised by new ways of teaching and a high proportion of self-study. The crucial point is how critical mental thinking and academic integrity can be successfully communicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. PRAVNI ASPEKTI GENETSKOG ISTRAŽIVANJA - OD INFORMIRANOG PRISTANKA DO BIOBANAKA.
- Author
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Pacia, Romana
- Subjects
BIOBANKS -- Law & legislation ,EUROPEAN law ,TISSUE banks -- Law & legislation ,MEDICAL laws ,INTERNATIONAL law - Abstract
The article provides analysis on the Italian legal framework in the international and European law context with regard to several topics. One topics discusssed is the juridical nature of human tissue sample and the distinction betwen biological materials and personal data about health and generation information. Another are the property right and the right to privacy and the ownership of human tissue sample and data unavailability.
- Published
- 2013
36. Urheberrecht, Copyright und Plagiat.
- Author
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Kopf, S., Becker, R., and Heimann, C.
- Abstract
Copyright of Arthroskopie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Open Access – eine elektronischen Umgebungen angemessene Institutionalisierungsform für das Gemeingut „Wissen“.
- Author
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Kuhlen, Rainer
- Subjects
INFORMATION commons ,OPEN access publishing ,ELECTRONIC publishing ,INTELLECTUAL property ,COPYRIGHT ,INFORMATION economy ,SCIENTIFIC knowledge - Abstract
Copyright of Leviathan: Zeitschrift für Sozialwissenschaft (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Festschrift für Jürgen Taeger: IT-Recht in Wissenschaft und Praxis
- Author
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Specht-Riemenschneider, Louisa, Buchner, Benedikt, Heinze, Christian, and Thomsen, Oliver
- Subjects
Immaterialgüterrecht ,Privatrecht ,Urheberrecht ,Informationstechnik ,Datenschutz ,Deutschland ,Geistiges Eigentum ,Medienrecht ,Datenverarbeitung ,Informationsrecht - Published
- 2020
39. Propiedad intelectual sobre los conocimientos tradicionales agrícolas
- Author
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Vargas-Chaves, Iván, Rodríguez, Gloria Amparo, and Blumenkranc, Heidy
- Subjects
knowledge ,cultural identity ,ethnische Gruppe ,geistiges Eigentum ,tradition ,Verteilungsgerechtigkeit ,intellectual property ,indigene Völker ,Wissen ,ethnic group ,Recht ,ddc:340 ,distributive justice ,Law ,kulturelle Identität ,indigenous peoples - Abstract
Así pues, en el presente texto se exponen las principales características y riesgos que se ciernen sobre el conocimiento tradicional agrícola, procurando además definir este concepto, enunciar las amenazas que los afectan y estudiar las estrategias que se pueden emplear para su protección desde el contexto de los pueblos indígenas y demás grupos étnicos. Se analiza además la participación de los grupos étnicos en la repartición justa y equitativa de los beneficios derivados de la utilización de los conocimientos tradicionales agrícolas, desarrollando algunas propuestas para la aplicación del concepto respecto a las comunidades que los poseen. También se analiza el contexto de participación y de consulta previa en lo referente al uso y a las decisiones de los conocimientos tradicionales. A partir de las ideas expuestas, el libro desarrolla el concepto y alcance de la protección de los conocimientos tradicionales agrícolas desde el ámbito de la propiedad intelectual y, en este sentido, se relacionará con las prácticas tradicionales sobre cultivo de la tierra y el mejoramiento de las cosechas que se crean, preservan y transmiten de una generación a otra en un contexto tradicional. Son conocimientos que, al ser parte de la identidad cultural de un pueblo indígena y demás comunidades étnicas, les son atribuibles en cuanto a su titularidad, al reconocérseles su custodia, conservación, carácter colectivo y responsabilidad cultural.
- Published
- 2020
40. Sein oder Nichtsein von Patentboxen in verschiedenen Ländern im Rechtsvergleich des Steuerberaters
- Author
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Niemitz, Holger
- Subjects
Europäische Union ,Patentbox ,Förderung Forschung und Entwicklung ,promotion/ incentivising of Research and Development ,konkurrierende Besteuerung ,taxation law ,geistiges Eigentum ,Steuervermeidung ,intellectual property ,tax avoidance ,tax law ,ddc:340 ,Steuerrecht ,OECD ,competing taxation ,European Union ,internationales Steuerrecht ,international taxation law ,BEPS ,DBA ,Patent box - Abstract
Steuerrecht ist nationales Recht. Somit kann jede einzelne Nation über steuerrechtliche Regelungen Forschung und Entwicklung fördern und gegebenenfalls Besteuerungssubstrat aus anderen Ländern absaugen. Eine dieser speziellen Regelungen ist die Patentbox Bei der vorliegenden Arbeit handelt es sich im einen internationalen Rechtsvergleich. Es werden die nationalen steuerrechtlichen Regelungen von 10 Ländern mit Schwerpunkt Europa im Hinblick auf die Besteuerung von Patenten und ähnlichen Schutzrechten des geistigen Eigentums untersucht. Es wird dabei die Vermutung getestet, dass wenige und eindeutige Kriterien eine Beurteilung von Patentboxregelungen zulassen. Die steuerlichen Regelungen werden dabei qualitativ systematisiert und anhand eines gebildeten Fallbeispiels quantitativ erprobt. Im Ergebnis werden die Kriterien ermittelt, systematisiert und geprüft. Anhand dieser Kriterien ist dem Management und dessen Beratern eine Möglichkeit zur Vorauswahl geeigneter Länder für die Lokalisation von Patenten und ähnlichen Rechten und gegebenenfalls der Bereitstellung von Forschungs- und Entwicklungskapazitäten gegeben. Taxation law is national law. Therefore, every sovereign nation can use taxation law to subsidise and incentivise research and development, but they also can gain access to the taxation substrate or income derived in other countries. One possible form of regulations are the rules regarding patent boxes. This paper looks at the differences in international law and scrutinises the taxation law in 10 European countries with regards to the taxation of patents and similar regulations to protect intellectual property. It is herein assumed that few and identifiable criteria allow a preselection regarding the evaluation of rules regarding patent boxes. The taxation regulations are being systemised with regards to quality and evaluated quantitively using a case study. As a result, the few and identifiable criteria are being established, systemised and examined. Using these criteria, management and their advisers can preselect appropriate countries with the aim of localising patents and similar rights, or to allocate and provide capacities for Research and Development.
- Published
- 2020
41. Pillen und Patente. Geistiges Eigentum im deutschen Kapitalismus am Beispiel der Pharmabranche (1950–2000)
- Author
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Bernsee, Robert
- Subjects
allgemeine Geschichte ,History ,Economics ,General History ,historische Entwicklung ,Wirtschaft ,Economic Sectors ,geistiges Eigentum ,Federal Republic of Germany ,intellectual property ,Eigentumsrecht ,pharmaceutical industry ,Wirtschaftssektoren ,Bundesrepublik Deutschland ,Patentschutz ,historical development ,pharmazeutische Industrie ,patent protection ,pharmaceutical market ,right of ownership ,Geschichte ,ddc:330 ,Arzneimittelmarkt ,ddc:900 - Abstract
Anhand der bundesdeutschen Pharmawirtschaft, genauer der Unternehmen Bayer, Hoechst, Merck und Schering, wird gezeigt, dass die Bedeutung von Patentrechten für die Gesundheitsökonomie in der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts deutlich wuchs: Die Unternehmen erhöhten nicht nur die Anzahl von Patenten, sondern auch die Investitionen in immaterielles Vermögen erheblich. Die Kosten für Forschung und Entwicklung (F&E) überstiegen seit etwa Ende der 1970er-Jahre die Investitionen in Produktionsanlagen. Patente selbst avancierten zum Instrument, um unternehmensseitig den Wettbewerb zu beeinflussen. Das 1968 eingeführte "Stoffpatent" für neue chemische Verbindungen hatte dafür erweiterte Möglichkeiten geschaffen. Patent- und Lizenzabteilungen wurden zu wichtigen Orten unternehmensinterner Entscheidungsfindung. Zudem wurden die Forschungsleistungen hervorgehoben, um den Anstieg der Arzneimittelpreise zu rechtfertigen. Der Aufsatz leistet einen Beitrag zur Beantwortung der Frage, wie und wann die bundesdeutsche Wirtschaft verstärkt zu einer "Intangible Economy" wurde. Er verdeutlicht, wie relevant geistiges Eigentum für die Transformation seit den 1970er-Jahren war - und damit für die Zeitgeschichte des Kapitalismus als Kombination von Vermarktlichung und Verrechtlichung, von globalem Wettbewerb und nationalstaatlicher Regulierung. With respect to the German pharmaceutical industry, specifically Bayer, Hoechst, Merck and Schering, the article shows that the importance of patent rights for the health economy has increased tremendously since the 1950s. The corporations not only registered more patents, but also expanded their investments in intangible assets: Since the 1970s, the costs for research and development (R&D) have surpassed investments in tangible assets, like plants and buildings. Patents became a tool used by the corporations to influence the competition. The introduction of the 'chemical patent' in 1968 had created opportunities to use patents this way. Departments for patents and licensing became important players within the decision-making processes of the pharmaceutical corporations. The latter, moreover, tended to emphasise their advances in R&D to justify the rising prices for drugs. The article goes some way towards answering the question of how and when the German economy changed into an 'intangible economy'. It highlights the importance of intellectual property for the transformation since the 1970s - thus underscoring its relevance for the contemporary history of capitalism as a combination of marketisation and legalisation, of global competition and national regulation.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Copyright und Internet.
- Author
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Jaburek, W. and Blaha, R.
- Abstract
Copyright of e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. 'Geistiges Eigentum und Copyright im multimedialen Zeitalter - Positionen, Probleme, Perspektiven. Eine fachübergreifende Bestandsaufnahme
- Author
-
TATuP Redaktion
- Subjects
Digitalisierung ,Europäische Akademie zur Erforschung von Folgen Wissenschaftlich-Technischer Entwicklungen Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler ,Geistiges Eigentum ,GND ,Internet ,Rezension ,Technology ,Social Sciences - Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Historische, urheberrechtliche und philosophische Aspekte der musikalischen Autorschaft : eine interdisziplinäre Abhandlung an Beispielen von Luciano Berio, Luigi Nono, Karlheinz Stockhausen, Alfred Schnittke und John Cage
- Abstract
Diese Masterarbeit diskutiert Aspekte der musikalischen Urheberschaft im Kontext der postmodernen Philosophie. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit werden in allgemeinen Zügen die historische Entwicklung der Autorschaftskonzepte und die Entwicklung des Urheberrechts dargestellt. Im zweiten Teil werden die zentralen postmodernen philosophischen Konzepte von Lyotard, Barthes und Foucault beschrieben. Die Abhandlung identifiziert, dass das österreichische urheberrechtliche Konzept für Werke der Tonkunst historisch bedingt ist. Die Probleme im Bereich der Neuen Musik werden untersucht. Im Exkurs wird argumentiert, dass das Urheberrecht im digitalen Zeitalter modernisiert werden muss., The thesis discusses aspects of musical authorship in copyright and in the context of postmodern philosophy. The historical evolution of authorship concepts and development of copyright are presented in general lines in the first part. In the second part the central postmodern philosophical concepts of Lyotard, Barthes and Foucault are described. The thesis identifies that the Austrian Copyright concept on works of musical art is historically determined. The problems in the area of contemporary music are examined. In conclusion the thesis argues that copyright needs to be modernized in the Digital Age., von Luben Pavlov Cheshmedzhiev BA, Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers, in englischer Sprache, Masterarbeit Universität 2019
- Published
- 2019
45. Intellectual Property Management : wie IP aufgebaut, bewirtschaftet und wertschöpfend eingesetzt wird
- Author
-
Münch, Peter, Ziese, Hella, Münch, Peter, and Ziese, Hella
- Published
- 2019
46. Forschungs- und Entwicklungskooperationen
- Author
-
Schweizer, Matthias, Fesch, Claudia, Schweizer, Matthias, and Fesch, Claudia
- Abstract
unter Mitwirkung von Melanie Fopp
- Published
- 2019
47. The Berlin Gedankenexperiment on the restructuring of Copyright Law and Author's Rights: Creators - Exploiters - Non-commercial Users - Intermediaries
- Author
-
Kreutzer, Till, Christiansen, Per, Gehlen, Dirk von, Hofmann, Jeanette, Klimpel, Paul, Köklü, Kaya, Otto, Philipp, Schindler, Mathias, Wattig, Leander, Renner, Tim, Kreutzer, Till, Christiansen, Per, Gehlen, Dirk von, Hofmann, Jeanette, Klimpel, Paul, Köklü, Kaya, Otto, Philipp, Schindler, Mathias, Wattig, Leander, and Renner, Tim
- Published
- 2019
48. Definitionen und Anerkennung substaatlicher Gruppen im Völkerrecht - Eine Untersuchung der rechtlichen Anwendung völkerrechtlicher Konstruktionen substaatlicher kollektiver Identitäten und aktueller Entwicklungen im Intergovernmental Committe der WIPO
- Author
-
Socha, Philipp
- Subjects
sub-state groups ,minority protection ,recognition ,Geistiges Eigentum ,Indigene Völker ,Lokale Gemeinschaften ,Menschenrechte ,Minderheitenschutz ,Traditionelles Wissen ,Vereinte Nationen ,Völkerrecht ,Weltorganisation für geistiges Eigentum ,bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences - Abstract
Minorities, indigenous peoples and local communities have their own status in public international law. Given their position within the politics of a societal majority, they require a certain protection and enjoy particular group rights. However, it is unclear how to legally determine such culturally distinct sub-state groups. Who is entitled to the international legal guarantees of minority protection, who holds the right to self-determination and who owns traditional knowledge? Up until now the politically motivated debates in research and practice circled unsuccessfully around different approaches of definitions and criteria of cultural difference. This thesis shows that it is the recognition as a ‘minority’, ‘indigenous people’ or ‘local community’, which becomes the constitutive act for the legal status of a group. In contrast to the politically driven debates about the scope of definitions, the perspective of recognition, as presented in this book, makes the relevant processes and institutions visible. The recognition of sub-state groups can be contextualized in public international law in relation to the principles of the recognition of states, while also being anchored by an interdisciplinary approach. The perspective of recognition replaces the discussion about general criterial definitions and allows an identification of the power imbalances and conflicts of interests, which are inherent to the question of the legal status of culturally distinct sub-state groups., Minderheiten, indigene Völker und lokale Gemeinschaften haben in der Völkerrechtsordnung einen eigenen Status, da ihre Position in der Politik der Mehrheitsgesellschaft eines besonderen Schutzes bedarf und ihnen als Gruppe bestimmte Rechte zustehen. Ungeklärt ist dabei jedoch: Wie lassen sich diese kulturell distinkten substaatlichen Gruppen rechtlich bestimmen? Wem stehen die völkerrechtlichen Garantien des Minderheitenschutzes, das Recht auf Selbstbestimmung oder die Rechte an traditionellem Wissen zu? Erfolglos drehen sich die politisch geprägten Debatten in Wissenschaft und Praxis um Definitionsansätze und Kriterien kultureller Unterschiedlichkeit. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt, dass es die Anerkennung als ‚Minderheit‘, ‚indigenes Volk‘ oder ‚lokale Gemeinschaft‘ ist, die den konstitutiven Akt für den Status einer Gruppe bildet. Im Gegensatz zu den politischen Definitionsdebatten ermöglicht es die hier dargestellte Perspektive der Anerkennung, die statusrelevanten Prozesse und Institutionen in den Blick zu nehmen. Die Anerkennung substaatlicher Gruppen ist in Anlehnung an die Staatenanerkennung völkerrechtlich zu verorten und lässt sich interdisziplinär verankern. Die Perspektive der Anerkennung löst die Diskussion um allgemeine kriteriale Definitionen ab und ermöglicht die Machtungleichgewichte und Interessenkonflikte zu erkennen, die der Statusfrage von kulturell distinkten substaatlichen Gruppen inhärent sind.
- Published
- 2017
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49. Automatische Kennzeichnung von Webseiten mit Wasserzeichen für Apache Webserver
- Author
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Hofer, Daniel
- Subjects
Website ,Geistiges Eigentum - Abstract
eingereicht von Daniel Hofer, BSc Universität Linz, Masterarbeit, 2019
- Published
- 2019
50. ZAŠTITA POSLOVNIH TAJNI KAO OBLIKA INTELEKTUALNOG VLASNIŠTVA
- Author
-
Ana Rački Marinković
- Subjects
Marketing ,Economics and Econometrics ,General Chemical Engineering ,trade secrets ,know-how ,intellectual property ,unfair competition ,poslovne tajne ,intelektualno vlasništvo ,nepošteno trgovanje ,General Materials Science ,Geschäftsgeheimnisse ,Know-how ,geistiges Eigentum ,unfairer Handel ,segreti commerciali ,properieta’ intellettuale ,concorrenza sleale ,poslovne tajne, know-how, intelektualno vlasništvo, nepošteno trgovanje - Abstract
Pojmovno se definiraju poslovne tajne i objašnjavaju karakteristike i specifičnosti njihove zaštite. Poslovne se tajne razmatraju u kontekstu intelektualnog vlasništva, te ih se uspoređuje s drugim, formalnim pravima intelektualnog vlasništva. Sagledava se kako je zaštita poslovnih tajni uređena na međunarodnom planu te se analiziraju odredbe Direktive EU 2016/943 o zaštiti neotkrivenih znanja i iskustva te poslovnih informacija (poslovne tajne) od nezakonitog pribavljanja, korištenja i otkrivanja, kao i razlozi za njezino donošenje. Govori se o važnosti njihove zaštite za poslovanje, osobito za poticanje inovacija. Prikazuje se na koji je način spomenuta Direktiva implementirana i kako je uspostavljen sustav zaštite poslovnih tajni kao oblika intelektualnog vlasništva u Republici Hrvatskoj donošenjem Zakona o zaštiti neobjavljenih informacija s tržišnom vrijednosti. Naposljetku, razmatra se primjena Direktive o provedbi prava intelektualnog vlasništva na povrede poslovnih tajni. Ukazuje se da je važnost Direktive EU 2016/943 prije svega u harmonizaciji pravila građanskopravnog postupka, dok će u tumačenju opsega zaštite poslovnih tajnivi predviđenih iznimaka značajnu ulogu imati sudska praksa., Concept of trade secrets is defined and the characteristics and specifics of trade secrets protection are explained. Trade secrets are considered in the context of intellectual property, and are compared to other, formal intellectual property rights. Protection of trade secrets on the international level is presented and the provisions of Directive /EU) 2016/943 on the protection of undisclosed know-how and business information (trade secrets) against their unlawful acquisition, use and disclosure are analysed as well as the reasons for its adoption. Importance of trade secrets protection for business, especially to foster innovation is highlighted. It is reviewed how the mentioned Directive was implemented in the Republic of Croatia and how the system of protection of trade secrets as a form of intellectual property was established by adopting the Act on the Protection of Undisclosed Information with Market Value. Finally, the application of the Directive on Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in cases of unlawful acquisition, use and disclosure of trade secrets is investigated. It is indicated that the significance of the EU Directive 2016/943 is primarily in the harmonization of the rules of civil procedure, while the jurisprudence will have an important role in the interpretation of the scope of protection of trade secrets and the application of foreseen exceptions., In Beitrag werden der Begriff des Geschäftsgeheimnisses sowie auch die Eigenschaften und die Besonderheiten des Schutzes der Geschäftsgeheimnisse definiert. Geschäftsgeheimnisse werden im Kontext des geistigen Eigentums betrachtet und mit anderen formellen Rechten des geistigen Eigentums verglichen Der auf den Schutz der Geschäftsgeheimnisse bezogene völkerrechtliche Rahmen wird berücksichtigt und die Bestimmungen der Richtlinie (EU) 2016/943 über den Schutz vertraulichen Know-hows und vertraulicher Geschäftsinformationen (Geschäftsgeheimnisse) vor rechtswidrigem Erwerb sowie rechtswidriger Nutzung und Offenlegung sowie auch die Gründe für deren Erlassung werden analysiert. Die Wichtigkeit des Schutzes des Geschäftsgeheimnisses für die Geschäftsführung, insbesondere für Innovationsförderung, wird auch hervorgehoben. Es wird dargestellt, wie die genannte Richtlinie implementiert wurde und wie man das System des Schutzes der Geschäftsgeheimnisse als eine Form des geistigen Eigentums in der Republik Kroatien durch Erlassung des Gesetzes über den Schutz von unveröffentlichten Marktwert-relevanten Informationen gründete. Abschließend wird die Anwendung der Richtlinie über die Durchsetzung der Rechte des geistigen Eigentums bei Verletzung von Geschäftsgeheimnissen analysiert. Es wird auf die Wichtigkeit der Richtlinie (EU) 2016/943, vor allem bei der Harmonisierung der Regeln des Zivilprozesses, hingewiesen. Ebenfalls wird betont, dass die Rechtsprechung die bedeutende Rolle bei der Auslegung des Umfangs der Geschäftsgeheimnisse und der vorgesehenen Ausnahmen spielen wird., Si definiscono le nozioni di segreti commerciali e si illustrano le caratteristiche e le peculiarità della protezione dei segreti commerciali. I segreti commerciali si analizzano nel contesto della proprietà intellettuale e si comparano con gli altri diritti formali della proprietà intellettuale. Si valuta altresì come la protezione dei segreti commerciali sia disciplinata sul piano internazionale e si disaminano le disposizioni della Direttiva EU 2016/943 sulla protezione del know-how riservato e delle informazioni commerciali riservate (segreti commerciali) contro l’acquisizione, l’utilizzo e la divulgazione illeciti, come pure i motivi della sua emanazione. Si tratta altresì della rilevanza della protezione dei segreti commerciali negli affari, in ispecie per il sostegno delle innovazioni. Si illustra in quale modo tale Direttiva sia stata attuata e come sia stata concepita la protezione dei segreti commerciali quale forma di proprietà intellettuale nella Repubblica di Croazia con l’emanazione della Legge sulla tutela delle informazioni commerciali riservate. Alla fine, si disamina l’applicazione della Direttiva su diritti di proprietà intellettuale in caso di violazione dei segreti commerciali. Si dimostra che l’importanza della Direttiva EU 2016/943 anzi tutto sta nell’armonizzazione delle regole del processo civile, mentre nell’interpretazione dell’ampiezza della tutela dei segreti commerciali e delle relative eccezioni un ruolo fondamentale verrà ricoperto dalla giurisprudenza.
- Published
- 2019
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