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In this paper, we explore the lived experiences of mother-coaches who, while coaching, navigate policy and programs aimed at promoting gender equity. Specifically, this study took place within the context of an amateur national, 10-day multisport games event in Canada. Using critical feminist narrative inquiry, 14 mother-coaches (apprentice, assistant, or head coach), representing eight different provinces, and 10 different sports, participated in this study. Three themes were constructed that call attention to the Canadian sport system broadly, as well as the 10-day multisport games event specifically: (a) performative policies and gendered assumptions, (b) programs that are band-aids for a "shitty culture," and (c) a pathway to nowhere for mother-coaches. The findings complicate the hegemonic work–family conflict narrative, suggesting that mother-coaches' advancement, opportunities, and quality experiences are impacted by the current heteropatriarchal culture and structure of sport that these programs and policy are rooted in. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the gender inequalities in accelerometer-based physical activity (PA) across different age groups using data from 5 Pelotas (Brazil) cohorts. Methods: The data come from 4 birth cohort studies, covering all live births in the urban area of Pelotas for each respective year (1982, 1993, 2004, and 2015), and the Como vai? cohort study focusing on 60 years and above. Raw accelerometry data were collected on the nondominant wrist using GENEActive/ActiGraph devices and processed with the GGIR package. Overall PA was calculated at ages 1, 2, 4, 6, 11, 15, 18, 23, 30, and 60+ years, while moderate to vigorous PA was calculated from 6 years onward. Absolute (difference) and relative (ratio) gender inequalities were calculated and intersectionality between gender and wealth was also evaluated. Results: The sample sizes per cohort ranged from 965 to 3462 participants. The mean absolute gender gap was 19.3 minutes (95% confidence interval, 12.7–25.9), with the widest gap at 18 years (32.9 min; 95% confidence interval, 30.1–35.7) for moderate to vigorous PA. The highest relative inequality was found in older adults (ratio 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.92–2.08). Our intersectionality results showed that the poorest men being the most active group, accumulating around 60 minutes more moderate to vigorous PA per day compared with the wealthiest women at age 18. Conclusions: Men were more physically active than women in all ages evaluated. PA gender inequalities start at an early age and intensify in transition periods of life. Relative inequalities were marked among older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An extensive literature base has investigated women's underrepresentation in decision-making positions with sport organizations, yet women's access to these positions remains limited. Diversification strategies, based on distributive justice, have failed to create further opportunities. A new approach is needed to address this latent issue. The concept of gender allyship is presented to address the limitations of distributive justice paradigms that involves men and women to work as members of a coalition to improve gender equity in sport organizations. Utilizing grounded theory, this paper presents the core category of awareness and related subcategories self-awareness, organizational awareness, and industry awareness, as a means of informing the performance of gender allyship. The findings provide interesting theoretical and empirical implications for understanding the development of awareness, its subcategories, and how it contributes to change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recognizing the importance of timing in efforts to drive institutional change, this study examined how actors engage in "temporal institutional work" in their attempts to disrupt inequitable institutions in sport. A qualitative case study was conducted on football (soccer) in Australia wherein significant gender equity reforms have been enacted. The findings revealed how the temporal activities of entraining (e.g., capitalizing on external interventions), constructing urgency (e.g., through advocacy), and enacting momentum (e.g., through consensus-based leadership) allowed actors to exploit a time-sensitive window of opportunity for change, quickly foster a perception of irreversibility that structural change would occur, and generate synchronicity with broader reforms. Inspired by the breakthroughs in Australian football, this research highlights temporal-based strategies for combating gender inequity in sport. Theoretically, this study extends research on institutional work in sport by illuminating the key role that timing norms play during institutional change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate gender differences in authorship in physical activity and health research. Methods: A bibliometric study including 23,399 articles from 105 countries was conducted to estimate the participation of female researchers in physical activity publications from 1950 to 2019. The frequency of female researchers was analyzed and classified by first and last authors and the overall percentage of female authors by region and country. Results: The proportion of female first authors increased from <10% in the 50s and 80s to 55% in the last decade. On the other hand, the proportion of last authors increased from 8.7% to 41.1% in the same period. Most publications with female researchers were from the United States, Canada, Australia, Brazil, the Netherlands, Spain, England, Germany, Sweden, and China. Nine of these countries had over 50% of the articles published by female first authors. However, in all 10 countries, <50% of the articles were published by female last authors. Conclusions: The proportion of female researchers increased over time. However, regional differences exist and should be addressed in gender equity policies. There is a gap in the participation of female researchers as last authors. By actively addressing the gender gap in research, the global society can harness the full potential of all talented individuals, regardless of gender, leading to more inclusive and impactful scientific advancements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Although women comprise the majority of medical students, gender disparities emerge early and remain at the highest levels of academia. Most leadership courses focus on faculty or students rather than women graduate medical education (GME) trainees. AIM: To promote the leadership development of women GME trainees through empowerment, community building, networking and mentorship, and concrete leadership skills development. SETTING: University of California, San Francisco. PARTICIPANTS: 359 women residents and fellows from 41 specialties. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION: A longitudinal curriculum of monthly workshops designed to support leadership development for women trainees. Sessions and learning objectives were designed via needs assessments and literature review. PROGRAM EVALUATION: A mixed-methods evaluation was performed for 3 years of WILD programming. Quantitative surveys assessed participant satisfaction and fulfillment of learning objectives. Structured interview questions were asked in focus groups and analyzed qualitatively. DISCUSSION: 23% of invited participants attended at least one session from 2018 to 2021, despite challenging trainee schedules. Surveys demonstrated acceptability and satisfaction of all sessions, and learning objectives were met at 100% of matched sessions. Focus groups highlighted positive impact in domains of community-building, leadership skills, mentorship, and empowerment. This program has demonstrated WILDs longitudinal sustainability and impact for women trainees.

INTRODUCTION: The primary objective of this study was to determine whether workplace culture in academic oncology differed by gender, during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used the Culture Conducive to Womens Academic Success (CCWAS), a validated survey tool, to investigate the academic climate at an NCI-designated Cancer Center. We adapted the CCWAS to be applicable to people of all genders. The full membership of the Cancer Center was surveyed (total faculty = 429). The questions in each of 4 CCWAS domains (equal access to opportunities, work-life balance, freedom from gender bias, and leadership support) were scored using a 5-point Likert scale. Median score and interquartile ranges for each domain were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 168 respondents (men = 58, women = 106, n = 4 not disclosed) submitted survey responses. The response rate was 39% overall and 70% among women faculty. We found significant differences in perceptions of workplace culture by gender, both in responses to individual questions and in the overall score in the following domains: equal access to opportunities, work-life balance, and leader support, and in the total score for the CCWAS. CONCLUSIONS: Our survey is the first of its kind completed during the COVID-19 pandemic at an NCI-designated Cancer Center, in which myriad factors contributed to burnout and workplace challenges. These results point to specific issues that detract from the success of women pursuing careers in academic oncology. Identifying these issues can be used to design and implement solutions to improve workforce culture, mitigate gender bias, and retain faculty.

Objective: To understand the experiences of early women urology residents at a single institution, as told in their own words. Methods: A convenience sample of women residents who trained at the Brady Urological Institute between 1980 and 2022 was chosen. During the investigated period, 15 women trained at the Brady; all 15 were invited to participate. Participants were provided written consent and assured of anonymity. In semi-structured interviews guided by a set of IRB-approved questions, participants discussed personal backgrounds, medical school experiences, and residency experiences. Participants provided advice to future women in urology. Interviews were recorded with Audacity 3.0.5 or Zoom, and audio files were transcribed using NVivo 14.23.0. Results: A total of 10 interviews were conducted between July 2023 and February 2024. Childhood role models influenced many participants' initial interest in medicine, although most discovered urology during medical school. Participants valued the quality of training, mentorship opportunities, proximity to family, and program ethos when selecting a residency program. During residency, participants faced gender-specific challenges due to patient resistance and difficulties balancing professional and personal commitments. Despite these challenges, participants expressed optimism about the future of women in urology. Conclusions: This study provides insights into the professional development of women urology residents. The participants were part of an early cohort of women in urology and expressed excitement for the future of the field. While the study reflects the experiences of women at just one institution, it provides a foundation for more comprehensive research on women's experiences in urology and in medicine more broadly. Clinical trial number: Not applicable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Partial enactment of women's rights is at the crux of this analysis, which identifies factors associated with the adoption of some global women's rights scripts but not others. Women who partially enact global principles are an important group, and focusing on them provides clues into when, where, and how institutionalized scripts are in competition. To explore this issue, Demographic and Health Survey data from 25 low- and middle-income countries across two time periods are used, with a focus on two dimensions of women's empowerment: a woman's household decision-making power and her attitudes toward intimate partner violence. Multinomial regressions reveal that exposure to global culture is associated with dual enactment of the two dimensions. Among partial adopters, enactment privileging physical integrity is mediated through local community institutions, including religions, whereas partial-enactment privileging decision making is associated with women's household bargaining power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three decades of international recommendations have highlighted the importance of advancing gender equality in achieving the aims of Education for Sustainability (EfS) at all levels of education. However, there has been a persistent disconnect between considerations of gender and sustainability in early childhood education (ECE). This article presents findings from a small-scale, mixed methods research project that sought to address this gap. The project explored educators' understandings of the relationship between gender equality and sustainability, using survey and interview methods, with early childhood educators in Victoria, Australia. Key findings indicate a disconnection between discourses of sustainability and gender equality obscures educators' perceptions of the ways that gender influences EfS in ECE. Equally, while the majority of participants had not previously considered their connection, they believed gender equality is important to, and pedagogically aligned with, their sustainability teaching objectives. The findings are used to propose a Continuum of Gender Equitable Early Childhood Education for Sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contextualises the ongoing debate in India on menstrual leave and the need to integrate physiological differences into workplace policies. The effort has been to analyse different physiological constitutions in the workforce, various menstruation experiences, and current inequitable workplace policies and legal provisions. Also provided is an explanation of menstruation from the perspectives of Ayurveda and allopathy, as well as a presentation of medico-legal opinions. The impact policies have on workforce participation is examined in addition to the basic arguments associated with the debate. They are supplemented by the responses of employers and employees in the organised and unorganised sectors in India. Based on this analysis, some measures are suggested for inclusion in leave policies in both the organised and the unorganised sectors in India with the aim of achieving gender equity and gender diversity; they may also be appropriate in other countries that have similar cultural contexts and labour laws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Angle Health Law Review is the property of Angle Publishing Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Portugal's renewable energy transition plays a pivotal role in addressing climate change, enhancing energy security, and promoting sustainable development. This study examines the socio-economic impacts of renewable energy policies in Portugal from 2014 to 2022, with a focus on financial performance, employment trends, and gender equity. Utilizing financial assessments from the Orbis database and input–output analysis, the research examines three companies—EDP, E-Redes, and Logical Gravity—classified under NACE Rev. 2 code 3513. The study finds that investments in renewable energy improved profitability and solvency, especially during recovery phases, reflecting the sector's financial resilience. Larger firms like EDP experienced employment growth, while smaller firms faced more volatility, highlighting the need for targeted support. Despite progress, gender disparities and pay gaps persist, underscoring the need for gender-sensitive policies. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers seeking to ensure a just and sustainable energy transition, emphasizing strategic investments, workforce adaptation, and inclusivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Midwifery faces global workforce shortages exacerbated by the pandemic. Understanding job satisfaction drivers is vital for creating supportive work environments. This study explored the multifaceted nature of job satisfaction of midwives in the post-COVID era in order to understand the elements that contribute and the ones that don't to midwives' sense of fulfilment and engagement at work. Methods: Employing a quantitative descriptive methodology, a nationwide cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 169 actively practicing female midwives in Slovenia using the McCloskey-Mueller Satisfaction Scale. The survey focused on various dimensions of job satisfaction. Results: Results revealed that midwives place high importance on praise/recognition, scheduling satisfaction, and work-life balance but exhibit a very weak non-significant negative relationship between job satisfaction and the importance they place on these factors. The study also identified a weak but statistically significant positive correlation between midwives' satisfaction with praise/recognition and the importance they attribute to it. Conclusions: The study emphasises the need for a holistic approach in enhancing job satisfaction among midwives, fostering an environment that supports their professional development and acknowledges their contributions. It emphasizes the critical role of healthcare policymakers in developing inclusive and gender-sensitive workplace policies to improve the quality of maternal care and support the well-being and job satisfaction of midwives. Management strategies should focus on reinforcing positive work environments that facilitate professional development and work-life balance. Prioritizing these factors can improve job satisfaction, retention, and healthcare outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The Journal of Neuro-Oncology (JNO), established in 1983, plays a key role in publishing research on brain and spinal cord tumors. This study examines JNO's publication trends, focusing on country and gender representation to highlight its global impact. Methods: Statistical analyses were conducted using R. Gender of the first authors was predicted using a gender-guesser, and author affiliations were used to determine publication countries. We introduced a novel Country-Related Diversity (CRD) index to assess the JNO's representativeness, comparing a country's JNO publications to its overall neurosurgical output. An index value of 1 indicates proportional representation. Results: The JNO corpus, spanning from 1983 to 2024, comprises 8,154 documents with an average document age of 14.4 years. The average citation count per document is 28.71, with a rate of 2.16 citations per document per year. JNO's scientific output has grown significantly, peaking at 397 articles in 2011, with a long-term annual growth rate of 3.7%. The keyword analysis highlights "glioblastoma" as the most frequent term, reflecting the journal's neuro-oncological focus. Geographically, the U.S. led with 2,535 articles (40.1%), followed by China and Germany. International collaboration rose steadily, with multi-country publications increasing from 4.76% in 1983 to 20.98% in 2024. Analyzing contributions from different countries showed a converging CRD index toward 1 (P < 0.01), with U.S. and non-U.S. countries trending similarly. Upper-middle-income countries displayed fluctuating CRD patterns, whereas lower-middle-income countries lagged behind. Authorship analysis showed an increasing trend in co-authorship (P < 0.01), with the average number of authors per paper reaching 10.4 by 2024. Gender representation revealed a growing number of female first and senior authors, although males still dominate. By 2024, 32.9% of first authors and 21.6% of senior authors were female, signaling a gradual trend toward gender parity (P < 0.01). Conclusions: The CRD index offers a standardized measure of country-specific research representation in the JNO. The convergence towards 1 reflects balanced international representation. JNO publication also reflects a trend toward gender equity, with a notable rise in female first authors, enhancing global research inclusivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study employs spatial econometric analysis to investigate gender differences in stock market participation across Turkey, using data from 2011 to 2022. Leveraging province-based and gender-disaggregated data from the Central Registry Agency, we explore whether significant gender-based disparities exist among equity security investors in Turkish securities markets and whether these differences exhibit spatial correlations across 81 provinces. Initial findings suggest that while overall participation in financial markets has risen, substantial gender gaps persist, potentially influenced by socioeconomic, cultural, and educational factors. The research contributes to the broader understanding of gender inequality in financial inclusion and proposes implications for policy interventions to reduce gender disparities in economic participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the meanings of masculinities among university students in the city of Temuco, Araucanía region, in Chile, considering that students at this level of education constitute a sector that is questioning the values in their education, including representations of traditional gender relations. Hegemonic masculinities and masculinities closer to gender equity, which may be in transformation – especially among young people, stand out in the review of literature on masculinities in Latin America. Our research approach was qualitative, with an intentional sampling; 10 interviews and two focus groups were carried out. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the information collected. The results obtained, in agreement with the literature, reflect such mandates as the protection of women; professional and economic success; and virility, associated with the active heterosexual man. By contrast, we also find accounts of young university students who question traditional mandates and who believe in the equality of gender roles, redefining what it means to be men today. This indicates the coexistence of traditional and transforming masculinities among the university students who participated in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women now comprise over 50% of medical school graduates and over one‐third of practicing physicians in the United States. Despite this progress, significant barriers to career advancement and leadership persist, particularly in male‐dominated fields like urology and oncology. Women physicians are linked to improved patient outcomes and are critical to addressing the projected physician shortage, which is expected to be exaggerated in oncology specialties. This review highlights progress, challenges, and future directions for gender equity in urology, urologic oncology, and oncology subspecialties. Urology and urologic oncology have seen growth in female representation, whereas radiation oncology remains stagnant, and medical oncology has reached near gender parity among trainees. However, leadership roles across all these fields continue to reflect gender inequities. Key barriers include the gender pay gap, insufficient maternal leave policies, workplace harassment, and lack of mentorship and sponsorship for women physicians. Moving forward, efforts to advance gender equity must include transparent pay structures, supportive maternal leave, and robust antiharassment policies. Promoting women in leadership and fostering mentorship are also essential to retaining and advancing women in these fields. By addressing these issues, the health care community can progress toward gender equity, strengthen the physician workforce, and improve patient outcomes. Institutional and national advocacy is crucial for creating an equitable and effective medical community. Despite the increasing number of women in medicine, gender disparities in leadership and career advancement, particularly in oncology, remain prominent. Addressing issues such as pay disparity, caregiver support, maternity leave policy, and access to mentorship is key to fostering gender equity and improving patient outcomes amid impending physician shortages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the evolution of authorship dynamics in Interventional Radiology over a fifteen-year period, with a focus on gender disparities. It aims to illuminate the representation of female authors in high-impact IR journals, highlighting ongoing challenges in achieving gender diversity, especially in leadership roles. A bibliometric analysis was conducted on articles published from 2008 to 2023, systematically assessing trends in female first and last authorships, as well as their overall contribution to total authorship within prominent IR journals. The analysis revealed a fluctuating trajectory in female authorship. Female first authorship peaked in 2011, followed by a decline through 2012-2013, and subsequently rebounded by 2023. Female last authorship exhibited a similar non-linear pattern, with an initial decline from 2008 to 2013, before gradually increasing in recent years. Overall, the presence of female authors in IR publications has steadily grown, with a notable rise in the proportion of publications featuring female authors and an increase in the average number of female contributors per article by 2023. Despite the overall growth in female authorship, significant disparities persist, particularly in senior authorship positions. These findings highlight the need for sustained efforts to address gender inequities in IR, emphasizing the importance of robust policies and support systems to promote women's advancement within the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the representation of women as speakers at U.S. radiology annual scientific meetings (ASM). This retrospective study analyzed speaker demographic data from the Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR) and American Roentgen Ray Society (ARRS) ASM between 2019 and 2022. Speaker gender was identified through publicly available profiles, and the percentage of female speakers was calculated for each year. Statistical significance of trends was determined using chi-squared tests, and linear regression analysis was employed to assess trends and to predict future representation. At the SIR ASM, female representation increased from 20.0 % (67 of 334 speakers) in 2019 to 26.5 % (90 of 340 speakers) in 2022. Chi-squared tests showed a statistically significant increase when adjusted for the percentage of female membership. At the ARRS ASM, female representation fluctuated, dropping from 36.6 % (104 of 284 speakers) in 2019 to 17.7 % (43 of 243 speakers) in 2020, then rising to 48.5 % (190 of 392 speakers) in 2022. A chi-squared test revealed significant variation in female representation across the years (p < 0.0001). While both ASM showed an overall positive trend in female speaker representation, SIR demonstrated consistent increases, whereas ARRS exhibited significant fluctuations. Continued efforts in advocacy and targeted interventions are needed to sustain progress and address the gender gap in radiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background Methods Results Conclusion Despite progress in gender equality, female surgeons face unique career challenges. This dissertation explores the factors influencing female surgeons' careers, with the aim of identifying female surgeons' positive experiences, but also the obstacles they encounter, and the strategies they use to overcome challenges.A qualitative research methodology was employed to understand the experiences of female surgeons working at a single healthcare facility in Western Australia. An interpretivist approach guided the study, focusing on the subjective experiences and perceptions of the participants. Data was collected through semi‐structured interviews with female consultant surgeons. Braun and Clark's thematic analysis was used to identify and interpret key themes within the interview data.Some surgeons struggled with a lack of female mentorship. Participants experienced various forms of sexism, ranging from subtle biases to overt discrimination. Supportive family structures and effective time management are crucial for balancing professional and personal demands. Resilience and determination were essential for success. While some felt pressured to adopt traditionally masculine traits, others found value in maintaining traditionally feminine qualities, emphasizing the importance of authenticity.Barriers persist for female surgeons, including subtle discrimination, challenges related to motherhood, and pressure to conform to male stereotypes. Although overt harassment is less common, subtle forms can still affect one's mental health and career progression. In order to foster a more inclusive environment for women, continued efforts are needed to address these challenges and enhance support for female surgeons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In Spain, legislation protecting women during the menopausal transition and postmenopause is still in its early stages. For public policies to be effective, it is essential that their design, implementation, and evaluation actively involve women going through this stage. Only from their experience and perspective can the impact of measures be maximized and ensure that they truly respond to their needs and realities. The goal of this article is to identify and analyze proposals for action that public organizations in Spain could undertake to improve the management of and transition through menopause. On the basis of the initiatives identified through women's narratives, this study aims to establish a solid basis for the inclusion of future governmental policies and practices in Spain. Adapting to the economic conditions and sociocultural aspects specific to each region can stimulate reflection and debate on their policies regarding menopause. Methods: This qualitative study, which was conducted in Spain, was based on 20 semistructured interviews with women who had experienced physiological and symptomatic menopause in the last five years, were postmenopausal, and were actively employed. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed following an inductive thematic analysis. Results: The stories of the interviewees indicate three categories of government action comprising a set of specific measures. More specifically, the categories relate to: (a) proposals for accompaniment and social awareness, (b) educational and training proposals, and (c) political and regulatory proposals. Conclusions: This study identifies governmental proposals and specific actions to improve support for the menopausal transition and postmenopause in Spain. While its findings may be applicable to other countries, further research is needed to explore how they could be adapted to the different socioeconomic and cultural realities of those contexts. Ultimately, the proposals presented lay the groundwork for developing public policies and laws that respond to the needs of women, improving their well-being and promoting gender equity in public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promoting adhesion to attitudes toward gender equity is critical to achieving more equal societies, yet endorsement of gender equality among Latin American adolescents remains lower than global averages. This study investigates the role of school environments, civic knowledge, and authoritarianism in shaping gender equity attitudes among 8th-grade students in Chile, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Mexico and Peru, using data from the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) 2016. Fitting different regression models, we explore the relationships between individual socioeconomic status, classroom practices, and school-wide ideological climates on gender equity endorsement. Findings highlight the pivotal influence of civic knowledge and open classroom discussions as protective factors against authoritarian beliefs, which are negatively associated with gender equity support at both individual and contextual levels. Moreover, peer-group ideological climates significantly shape student attitudes, demonstrating the importance of school environments in fostering or hindering egalitarian beliefs. We discussed the role of school practices in the promotion of gender equity. These findings contribute to the global goal of citizenship education and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), particularly Goal 5, emphasising the role of schools in promoting democratic and gender-equitable values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender equality had been targeted under Millennium Development Goals 2015 as Goal 3, whose primary focus was women's education. It was further reinforced under the ambit of Sustainable Development Goal 5 as again gender equality and women empowerment, whose timeline is by 2030. The review article essays the journey of this very pertinent theme, from abeyance to gaining prominence, and the associated societal variations. Gender equity now is the finer version, which is accepted and received well too, and this inclusiveness has urged us to add disability inclusion into our context of discussion. These issues are always challenges that crop up in the path of development and evolution. Hence, it is very essential that deliberations are conducted to get an insight into the deviations at the regional as well as rural areas in terms of addressing these issues. With appreciable improvement in health-related targets, these issues are coming to the fore, as barriers to sustainable improvements. Hence, developing strategies for gender equity and disability inclusion are likely to play vital roles in the overall goal of Health For All (HFA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite the rising representation of women in the physician workforce, gender-based income disparities persist. In this study, we explore the role of representation of women in the work environment in physicians' income from Medicare Part B fee-for-service payments and the income gender gap. Methods: Our main analytic sample is a balanced panel of 371,472 physicians over 9 years, obtained from the Medicare Part B fee-for-service (FFS) Provider Utilization and Payment Data (2012–2020) from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). We use panel regressions with physician and year fixed effects to quantify how total Medicare Part B FFS payments to physicians patient volume, and per-patient payments respond to gender composition changes at the specialty and practice level, controlling for other practice characteristics. We allow the gender composition to have differential impacts on women and men by interacting it with the physician's gender. In addition, we examined the subsample of physicians who have not switched specialties or practices and explored differences in the effects by practice size. Results: Increasing women's representation in physician work environments impacts men's and women's Medicare Part B FFS payments received differently. We find that for women physicians, a 1% increase in the share of women in the same specialty leads to 1.634% higher annual payment, 1.147% more patients, and 0.297% more per-patient payment. Conversely, these effects are reversed for men. Changes in women's share at the practice level have qualitatively similar effects. Among physicians who have not switched specialties or practices, we still find positive effects for women but no negative effects for men. Furthermore, these effects are stronger in solo or small practices than in large practices. Conclusions: Increasing women's representation in the work environment helps increase the amount of Medicare Part B FFS payments received for women physicians but may reduce payments received for men physicians. Our findings support the efforts in increasing women's representation in the physician workforce to mitigate gender income disparities and demonstrate the nuanced differences in its impact by gender and the size of the practice to refine policy recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Implementing sex education programs during adolescence is crucial for addressing the risks associated with sexuality. However, some of these interventions lack proper incorporation of a gender perspective and maintain a heteronormative and biologically-focused approach, potentially resulting in inequitable outcomes for adolescents. In response, comprehensive sex education is most effective due to its multidimensional view of sexuality. However, integrating a comprehensive perspective on sexuality and a gender lens that contributes to adolescent health equity presents challenges, especially in low and middle-income countries. This study aimed to develop a comprehensive and gender-transformative sex education program for adolescents in a middle-income country of Latin America, utilizing the Intervention Mapping Approach. Methods: This exploratory sequential mixed-method study comprised two phases. In the first phase, a literature review, nine focus groups with high school students, and 14 interviews with school professionals were conducted to inform program design. Subsequently, the program underwent validation through expert judgment. In the second phase—as part of program development—a preliminary evaluation was conducted by implementing the program in two high schools with 30 students from public high schools, who were administered a pre-post ad hoc survey. Results: A comprehensive and gender-transformative sex education program was designed based on literature review findings and input from students and school workers. The ad hoc survey revealed a statistically significant increase in protective skills in sexuality (W = 59, p =.01) among all participants. Discussion: Designing a sex education intervention through Intervention Mapping allowed for the integration of evidence and the needs of the target population. The results of the preliminary evaluation suggest the potential of the developed program to enhance protective skills in sexuality and promote health equity through gender-equitable outcomes in adolescent sex education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Attrition of women health care professionals is high, threatening patient care and advances in health care sciences. Women health care professionals have often reported experiencing challenges in the workplace that lower their sense of belonging and may precipitate their attrition. The current study sought to identify dimensions of workplace belonging in women health care professionals and to determine the relative strength of association of these belonging dimensions with intent to leave (ITL) their institution. Methods: Attendees of a continuing education course on women's leadership skills in health care were surveyed about their ITL and workplace belonging experiences. Dimensions of workplace belonging were identified by factor analysis. The strength of association between ITL and each workplace belonging dimension, as well as their relative strengths of association, were assessed in ordinal regression analyses. Results: Women comprised 99% of survey participants. Three dimensions of workplace belonging were identified: "institutional culture," "interactions with supervisor," and "interpersonal relationships." More frequent experiences of support in any of the three belonging dimensions associated strongly with lower ITL. When all three belonging dimensions were considered simultaneously, ITL remained strongly related with experiences of a supportive "institutional culture" (odds ratio 0.41, p < 0.0001), while it became much less strongly related with supportive experiences in the other two dimensions. Conclusions: These findings suggest a dominant role of institutional culture in attrition risk in women health care professionals. Interventions that foster an institutional culture of diversity, opportunities for career advancement, and inclusivity might be effective in improving retention of women health care professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This small-scale research project explores policy and staff perspectives which affect student parents in higher education at an English further education college. Drawing on Nancy Fraser's work on the welfare state and the social organisation of care work, the paper examines approaches to a marginalised student group. Qualitative data were collected via a desk-based policy search and semi-structured individual interviews with key female members of staff. Findings indicate that official approaches were broadly based on a gender equality model. Policy blindness to gender and care work affects student parents in higher education and their socioeconomic status. The research concludes that staff attitudes reveal an institutional approach to student parents which is based on difference but is more caring than the policies themselves signify. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Editors‐in‐Chief (EiC) play a key role as gatekeepers in academic medicine, often shaping research agendas. Women have historically been underrepresented in editorial leadership roles in academic medicine. The purpose of this study was to examine gender representation among EiC of contemporary transplantation and nephrology journals. Methods: This cross‐sectional study evaluated gender disparities among EiC of transplantation and nephrology medical journals. The study population was drawn from journals in two subject categories (1) 'Transplantation' and (2) 'Urology and Nephrology' in the 2023 Journal Citation Reports. Binary gender classification (woman/man) was determined by the names/pronouns used to describe the EiC on the journal or institutional webpage. The primary outcome was the proportion of women EiC. Secondary outcome was the proportion of women EiC based on journal topic, location and metrics. Descriptive statistics were used. Gender differences were compared using students t‐test or Fisher's exact test. Results: A total of 79 EiC were identified of which 16 (20%) were women and 63 (80%) were men (p <.001). Transplantation and nephrology journals had 21% and 20% women EiC, respectively. The proportion of women to men EiC was not impacted by journal category (p =.93), journal location (p =.61), journal impact factor (p =.71) or quartile (p =.59). Conclusion: There was a disparity in gender representation in EiC in nephrology and transplantation journals, with men holding 80% of all positions. These findings, among growing evidence of gender disparity, highlight a need for targeted efforts to promote gender equity in academic medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Women remain under‐represented in emergency medicine in Hong Kong, but the role of gender‐based discrimination and harassment in this disparity is unexplored. Objective: To investigate gender‐based discrimination, work experiences and harassment among emergency physicians in Hong Kong. Methods: A cross‐sectional online survey was conducted among fellows and trainees of the Hong Kong College of Emergency Medicine. The survey included the Overt Gender Discrimination at Work (OGDW) scale, gender‐differentiated experiences, burnout and career intentions. Results: Of 708 eligible participants, 236 (33.3%) responded. Female physicians reported significantly higher OGDW scores (median 13 vs. 8 and p < 0.001). 21.3% of women reported sexual harassment compared to 2.7% of men. Women were also more significantly likely to experience gender‐differentiated experiences including receiving gender‐based career advice, experiencing patient bias and feeling excluded. Female physicians were more likely to have seriously considered leaving the speciality (44.3% vs. 27.9% and p = 0.015). Both genders reported similar levels of burnout. Qualitative responses highlighted issues of mistaken identity, workplace discrimination and challenges in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Conclusion: Female emergency physicians in Hong Kong face higher levels of perceived discrimination, more frequent gender‐differentiated experiences and are more likely to consider leaving the speciality. Targeted interventions are needed to address gender disparities, improve reporting mechanisms for harassment and promote equity in emergency medicine. Future research should explore the impact of these experiences on physician well‐being and career trajectories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central Message Underrepresentation of women in surgical specialties persists, especially in academic leadership roles. Efforts to better understand disparities and support women cardiothoracic surgeons are ongoing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Introduction.: Letters of recommendation (LOR) are an integral component of physical therapy residency applications. Identifying the influence of applicant and writer gender in LOR will help identify whether potential implicit gender bias exists in physical therapy residency application processes. Review of Literature.: Several medical and surgical residency education programs have reported positive, neutral, or negative LOR female gender bias among applicants and writers. Little research exists on gender differences in LOR to physical therapy education programs or physical therapy residency programs. Subjects.: Seven hundred sixty-eight LOR were analyzed from 256 applications to 3 physical therapy residency programs (neurologic, orthopaedic, sports) at one institution from 2014 to 2020. Methods.: Thematic categories were developed to identify themes in a sample of LOR. Associations between writer and applicant gender were analyzed using summary statistics, word counts, thematic and psycholinguistic extraction, and rule-based and deep learning Natural Language Processing. Results.: No significant difference in LOR word counts were found based on writer or applicant gender. Increased word counts were seen in sports residency LOR compared with the orthopaedic residency. Thematic analysis showed LOR gender differences with male applicants receiving more positive generalized recommendations and female applicants receiving more comments regarding interpersonal relationship skills. No thematic or psycholinguistic gender differences were seen by LOR writer. Male applicants were 1.9 times more likely to select all male LOR writers, whereas female applicants were 2.1 times more likely to choose all female LOR writers. Discussion and Conclusion.: Gender differences in LORs for physical therapy residencies were found using a comprehensive Natural Language Processing approach that identified both a positive recommendation male applicant gender bias and a positive interpersonal relationship skill female applicant gender bias. Applicants were not harmed nor helped by selecting LOR writers of the opposite gender. Admissions committees and LOR writers should be mindful of potential implicit gender biases in LOR submitted to physical therapy residency programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research contains evidence of rent sharing in intercollegiate athletic programs from revenues generated by football and men's basketball and regulations restricting compensation to athletes. Title IX mandates equal opportunities for male and female college athletes, clearly impacting athletic department budgets. These factors create a rich environment for analyzing athletic spending decisions. We analyze spending on women's sports for about 120 NCAA public FBS athletic departments. Results from instrumental variables models that account for the endogeneity of the rent proxy variable, head football coach salary, indicate the presence of rent sharing from football-generated rents to spending on women's sports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over fifty years since its passage, Title IX and intercollegiate athletics continue to be in conflict. Little of the considerable research on Title IX has aided practitioners in real-world contexts. This study, by contrast, was conducted with practitioners in mind. This article examines the gender gap in college athletics teams, specifically focusing on the athletics participation gap between men and women. The analysis emphasizes the importance of understanding gender-equity gaps in college athletics given the significant financial investments made by institutions in their sports programs. The passage of Title IX in 1972 marked a turning point, increasing opportunities for women in intercollegiate athletics, but further improvements are necessary. Although the number of women athletes has increased significantly, men continue to receive more opportunities in Division I institutions, even though women now outnumber men on most college campuses. Women still face challenges in achieving equal representation, especially in institutions with high-profile sports such as football and basketball. The research calls for a more proactive approach to achieve gender equity and a better understanding of Title IX compliance among higher education institutions. It provides practical measures that institutions can implement to ensure compliance, thereby ultimately promoting gender equality in college athletics. By recognizing the contextual factors that influence compliance, institutions can work toward providing women with equal access to athletics opportunities and uphold the spirit of Title IX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]