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Elite-level women's artistic gymnastics is (in)famous for the youth of its competitors. Yet if age representation constructs the limits and possibilities of sport, it is important to explore the effects of these representations. Here we examine media coverage of gymnast Oksana Chusovitina, who has competed internationally up to the age of 46. We conduct content analysis of 17 international competitions in which Chusovitina competed, from 2001 to 2018, exploring coverage of her and the younger gymnasts with whom she competed. As hegemonic masculinity structures a gender order in sport and beyond, we argue that gymnastics coverage constructs an age order in the sport by (1) emphasizing the exceptionality of older competitors; (2) focusing on athletes' private lives; and (3) constructing the athlete-coach relationship as familial, where coaches are represented as surrogate parents. These techniques diminish the agency of young gymnasts and produce their youthfulness as hegemonic, treating athletes competing beyond their twenties as unworthy of serious attention. When older athletes like Chusovitina are categorized as outliers, the sports media is free to infantilize younger gymnasts, naturalizing their ostensible lack of agency, as well as the sport's high burn-out and injury rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis study aimed to explore contextual factors influencing couples’ leisure practices and experiences through in-depth interviews with 15 Taiwanese heteronormative married couples. Findings suggested that despite Taiwanese women’s performance in the public sphere, husbands benefit from using work-family narratives and attendant gender order and practices as unconscious “social defenses” to rationalize leisure inequality generated by gender norms. When married women are under pressure to accept gender norms attached to wives or mothers, they reconfigure their understanding of gender roles to implicitly acknowledge male dominance in a “system justification” manner. In addition, they further redefine motherhood in the way they feel best fits their position in the family and curb their desire for personal leisure. Unequal gender relationships determine couples’ perceptions and patterns of leisure, which contributes, at least in part, to the persistence of leisure inequalities in the family environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia y Politica: Ideas, Procesos y Movimientos Sociales is the property of Departamento De Historia del Pensamiento y de los Moviemientos Sociales y Politicos (Madrid) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Masculinity studies has been slow to explore trans men's lives including how trans masculine embodiments are represented in the media. In this article, we examine how the masculinities of trans men are represented in the context of sport through two issues of two print magazines specifically targeting trans men audiences: The Jock Issue of Original Plumbing and The Sport Issue of FTM Magazine. Through combining body-reflexive practices and gender as a social structure in our trans gaze framework, our multimodal critical discourse analysis reveals that trans masculinity is presented as hegemonic, diverse, reflexive and subordinated within the micro, meso and macro levels of social life. As trans people continue to experience social marginalisation that adversely impacts on their health and wellbeing, how they are represented within the media – particularly by those media specifically targeted towards them – is important to examine and recognise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen (ZIB) is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Russia's full-scale war against Ukraine represents a critical juncture for the role gender plays in European security. We argue that the Russian invasion of Ukraine is not only gendered in the way other conflict are, but the war's essential novelty lies in the fact that it is explicitly fought for the so-called traditional values, against gender and sexual equalities. Drawing on local decolonial insights and theoretical concepts of liberal/illiberal gender orders, we contrast the Russian neo-traditionalism with the Ukrainian account of the Russian invasion, while seeking to uncover how an imagination of Europe is constitutive for these gendered discourses. We show that the construction of the narratives is a circular process of ever more pronounced neo-traditionalism by Russia which sees Europe as its decadent Other. We demonstrate that these discourses have real consequences as the Russian illiberal gender order justifies and wages real war against Ukraine and gender is turning into the central battlefield both in the figurative and the literal sense of the word. Russian accounts contrast with Ukraine's hybridised, but increasingly emancipatory discourses and practices which have been playing a fundamental role in Ukraine's resistance to the Russian invasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Österreichische Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This conceptual paper critically analyses how the British Army exercises control over the production of knowledge about women's war labour in 'front line combat' and how women exert agency to resist this. 2018 saw all British military roles opened to women, yet it is a myth to say that women are only now able to serve in 'front line combat'. The paper reveals a complex negotiated gender order or 'bargain' between the British Army and servicewomen seeing the latter controlled through their co-option, embodied by compliant military femininities, whilst permitting them some agency to resist. Driven by military need, sustaining this ordering has repeatedly seen women exposed to unnecessary risk. This critical feminist history contributes to conceptual development through deconstructing gendered knowledge systems, arguing that foregrounding women's voices is central to furthering the cultural turn in war studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is analysed the privacy virtualisation phenomenon, which has become a trend in the digital world. Considering virtual communication practices in the context of global sociality transformations, the author shows that their impact on gender relations is progressive; the formats differ in structural and content diversity. The overview of the most important world studies in virtuality sociology is presented. They have in common is the concern of scholars about the substitution of real interpersonal relationships by virtual ones, the blurring of boundaries between these life layers with the social loneliness growth. The methodological basis is the gender approach and its private concept – the theory of changing the gender order, within which the rules and norms regulating the private sphere are conceptualized as variable, changeable and having socio-cultural conditioning. The author proposes a theoretical model of the mechanism for choosing a virtual partner, supported by the results of an online survey, analyses the features of the formation and development of virtual relations, the possibility of moving to the real plane, depending on the motivation of actors and trust in the virtual partner. Some trends in the development of virtual private practices are noted, including the development of artificial sociality, control of the digital footprint and communication with virtual agents.

While disasters are considered a rupture of the established gender order, they rarely result in its profound change. This paper contributes to a proper understanding of its perpetuation. It suggests to take a disaster as a framework for action that is symbolically shaped by gender expectations. Within this framework, the gender order is reproduced through practices that affirm and reinforce these expectations and, thus, impede the gender-neutralising potential of a practical deviation from these expectations. This is illustrated by revisiting 20 guided interviews from a case study on a mudslide disaster in Austria.

The issues around gender is inexhaustible since gender can be analyzed from many perspectives. The focus of this paper is to discuss the gender learning experienced by the young girl in a short story entitled “Boys and Girls” written by Alice Munro. The discussion includes the young girl’s gender defiance, gender learning, and gender acceptance. To support the discussion several issues around gender are reviewed. Besides a comprehensive definition of gender, issues concerning doing gender, gender identity, gender order, gender segregation, gender learning, gender presentation, gender display, and others are reviewed. The analysis is also combined with the conversation analysis by considering the influence of the language that leads to gender learning of the female character in the short story. The methods used are a combination of library research method with its close reading, qualitative method, and contextual method. The result shows that gender learning is inevitable especially in an isolated place. Although the young girl tries to defy the gender learning she finally has to accept it. This situation correlates with Simone de Beauvoir’s statement “ONE is not born, but rather becomes, a woman” (De Beauvoir, 1956: 273) in her phenomenal book The Second Sex. Thus, the short story implies that being a girl in a strict male context is not easy, she has to surrender to the gender roles that are constructed for her, and the chances to actualize herself is limited or even non-existent. HIGHLIGHTS: • Gender construction is spread naturally through many ways, such as gender identity, gender order, gender display, or gender learning. • The spread of gender construction can be done through daily examples or through language learning. • Whatever gender defiance is carried out to escape from the gender construction, in the end, incessant gender learning results in gender acceptance.

This paper describes the practice of carok which is still continuously practiced by ethnic Madurese in East Java, Indonesia. Carok and masculinity are double-edged swords because they are constructed by Madurese ethnic culture. How culture produces values that must be upheld, maintained, and become sacred and even practiced in everyday life. The construction of masculinity inherent in the male gender influences the practice of carok. So that carok is legal and even legitimized by culture. The visibility of male-dominated cultural and criminal violence on ethnic Madurese is very important to study, explore, and explain using the lens of political sociology gender. The values of masculinity, self-respect, shame and honor are values that are championed by men and are justified by the prevailing culture as social norms. This study uses a qualitative method. Relying on individual in-depth interview data on the perpetrator's family, the man, and the victim's family, police officers, community leaders and using data from the results of focused group discussions (Focus Group Discussion) to collect carok perspectives according to the understanding and experience of the perpetrators and the views of community leaders and the police. as well as observations on the area where carok is located in four districts on Madura Island. All data were analyzed using interpretive methods by prioritizing carok thematic analysis. The conclusion of this study: there are internal (cultural) forces that encourage the values of hegemonic masculinity to justify acts of violence called carok. This carok hegemony is reproduced by ethnic Madurese and has been transformed into hybrid violence. That is, cultural violence that is in the range of the private (social-cultural) and public/political realms. In this case, carok is not merely cultural violence, but is part of the gender construction of the Madurese ethnicity that places the value of masculinity in everyday life. Therefore, to reduce carok, what needs to be done is to deconstruct the concept and value of masculinity that can be realized in a culture that can function to promote a culture of tolerance and peace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses little studied form of power relations, which are observed in educational communities : controlling student through uniform policies. The written traces of these power relations sometimes define with very much precision the dress code to be respected within the schools. These prohibitions inform us about the gender stereotypes that animate educational communities that distinguish "good" from "bad" students by encouraging adherence to very measured forms of masculinity and femininity. Then we will try, on the one hand to clarify the mechanisms of exclusion of non-compliant students and, on the other hand, to illuminate the elements contributing to the socio-historical anchoring of these forms of accomplice, subordinate or marginalized masculinities and femininity. What are the historical, economic, social and cultural factors that are favoring the creation of a gendered social structure specific to the French West Indies ?

The article analyses how the Alternative for Germany (AfD) conflated images of the traditional family with the nation and a racially-defined notion of ' Volk ', consciously repackaging terms from the 1930s for current political use. Taking a comparative and historical perspective, the article situates the family rhetoric and policies of the AfD in the historical debates on family, reproduction, and women that characterized Germany from the post-war period to the early 21st century. Exploring how the AfD sought to portray and regulate women's roles and reproductive decision-making, the article argues that the party sought to produce an authentic take on family and gender politics, the racism of which went practically unchallenged. It presents four analytical dimensions to grasp the specific biologist family-centrism and anti-gender approach of the AfD in comparison to National Socialism family rhetoric and policies. Sources come from official party platforms, less formal speeches and social media content of party representatives, newspaper coverage and reports by the German Intelligence Service, Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article proposes to problematize the concepts of equality that Jean Jacques Rousseau (1762) and Mary Wollstonecraft (1792) applied in their reflections on the education of boys and girls. Rousseau's concept of equality is posed as a paradox due to its relativity and exclusion of all women. Therefore, it is understood as a sexually differentiated equality, which is expressed in the also differentiated education for boys and girls, producing, thus, a deeply unequal gender order. To exemplify this hypothesis, Rousseauian arguments, in which the nuances of the author's equality are evident, are analyzed. Finally, some critiques that Mary Wollstonecraft posed to the ideas of the swiss author will be presented. Special attention will be payed to the Wollstonecraft's educational alternative, which is presented in the face of Rousseau's paradox of equality, in which she opted for an egalitarian vision of the sexes, of upbringing and of education, putting ideas of enlightened feminism of equality into practice, aiming for the production of a new gender order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Mexico, as in very diverse social contexts, the naturalization of the unequal order of gender is expressed and imagined, as in no other social sphere, in the modern canonical family. The purpose of this work is to show, through the analysis of the postulates and principles that the Frente Nacional por la Familia raises, the foundations that historically support the idea of the natural family and how the naturalistic argument is highly strategic and suggestive in the defense of a gender order that is widely in force in the contemporary social imaginary. Based on the tools provided by feminist epistemology, we will show that, in the claim of a presumably natural family model, underlies the defense of the traditional gender order that, particularly within family relationships, requires critical and objective analyzes of the social relations that this order establishes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stories about “Ben10” relationships between older women and their younger male lovers appear regularly in the Daily Sun, South Africa’s most popular tabloid newspaper. Daily Sun readers, who are typically township residents, engage vociferously over the rights and wrongs of such relationships on the tabloid’s Facebook page, and alternatively berate or support the older, working class women who feature in them. These women could be understood as “postfeminist” insofar as they are financially independent and sexually autonomous. Their actions echo those of the independent township women in the mid 20th century who, resisting patriarchal apartheid social engineering, brewed beer and rented rooms in order to assert their financial and sexual independence. In both cases, these women’s bold actions confront local hetero-patriarchal norms and call into question an ideal local patriarchal gender order. However, the meanings that are made by the readers of such women in Ben10 relationships today also reflect a social context characterised by a contestation over the meaning of rights, high rates of unemployment, gender-based violence and HIV, factors that curtail a premature diagnosis of postfeminist identity. Drawing on a textual analysis of several articles and their Facebook comments, we argue that any assessment of postfeminism in southern spaces must account for how historical and contextual factors such as these constrain the reach of global postfeminism.

Copyright of Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Using the methods of emotional history, in particular concepts of overlapping emotional communities and feeling rules (B. Rosenwein), this paper studies shifts between agonic and hedonic social interactions in the emotional community of the KSČ Central committee at the turn of 1967 and 1968. Additionally, the paper is focused on the relationship between those shifts and gender related questions in the community. Results based on the analysis of stenographic records of the CC sessions (related to the change of the party leader) are presented as a basis for further research of gender order within the communist party in Slovakia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focusing on trans and gender-diverse people in five European countries (Portugal, France, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Sweden), the Transrights research addressed one of the most challenging transformations of the institutional order of gender that thus far still reproduces the normative opposition between male and female. Rather than proposing a descriptive monograph, our angle of analysis emphasized the workings of gender through the 'voices' of trans people (within and beyond Europe) and their complex forms of self-identification vis-à-vis the institutional apparatus (whether legal, medical, political or even social-scientific). Drawing on an extensive empirical research that combined document analysis of legal and medical developments, multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork and in-depth interviews, we investigated the doings of gender and gender politics. Three major findings are highlighted and summarized through a comparative strategy: trans/gender identifications, creative agency and embodiments; institutional and legal recognition vis-à-vis the medical apparatus and the "marketization" of trans-related healthcare; and discrimination, oppression and violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the reality of sexual and gender-based violence in the Spanish southern border space. Increased migrant and refugee arrivals in the Mediterranean, especially since 2015, and the European Union’s outsourcing of immigration control have resulted in a shift from the eastern route (Greece) to the western (southern border). The study focuses on refugee and migrant women who reach that border and analyses both the embodied violence they face, and the strategies to resist it and continue with their migration.

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Sociologia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Departamento de Sociologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In February 1975, the president of Colombia, Alfonso López Michelsen (liberal) appointed Dora Luz Campo de Botero as governor of the department of Risaralda. The bishops of Pereira (capital of Risaralda) veto that decision adducing moral reasons because after being married by the Catholic Church she separated and then had another civil marriage. This article analyzes the gender representations that circulated in the press around this episode in order to show how the gender order is produced, reinforced and transformed in particular contexts. This episode made visible that the conception of the colombian catholic hierarchy about the gender order to which women that were seeking to occupy high ranking public posts were expected to adjust was loosing authority, and was being challenged by another conception, presented as modern, but that had its own limits, because those women were expected to adjust to a gender order that reproduced and reinforced the ideals of maternity and femininity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I draw upon a qualitative study with 11- to 12-year-old middle-class British Indian boys and their parents to unpack the ways notions of young masculinities are negotiated within the context of children's leisure. Taking a relational approach, I argue that leisure-based masculinities of children are simultaneously generationed and gendered. By interrogating the intersection of what Raewyn Connell theorizes as "gender order" and what childhood sociologists call the "generational order," I demonstrate that leisure-based young masculinities are forged within children's inter- (parent-child) and intra- (child-child) generational relationships around leisure. I conclude with a call for greater engagement with intersectional frameworks in the study of boys' masculinity that simultaneously recognizes the gender and the generational structures of children's everyday lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article illustrates some of the ways in which the notion of (paid) work is actively being gendered, and how these gendering processes take place not only through organizational practices but also in discourses that circulate outside an organization in the private domain. Drawing on 15 in‐depth interviews with women who opted out of their own professional career in order to accompany their husbands on their overseas work assignment to Hong Kong, we demonstrate some of the benefits of using a discourse analytical approach to capturing and identifying the processes through which these women actively (although not necessarily consciously) gender the notion of work, thereby reinforcing the gender order and its male bias. We argue that identifying and making visible these gendered and gendering practices is an important component of, and a potential trigger for, change both in organizations as well as private contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]