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Simple Summary: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-MIRS) is widely used in milk quality detection, dairy herd improvement (DHI), and other fields. It is an economical, fast, accurate, and nondestructive batch tool for determining production performance phenotypes of dairy cows. Milk is one of the most important ways to provide the human body with the fatty acids it needs. There are a huge number of dairy cows in China. Therefore, it is possible to control fatty acid production in the milk source through targeted husbandry and breeding on large pastures to improve the quality of milk production. However, this work has not yet officially begun in China. In summary, our work uses FT-MIRS for the first time to study the phenotypic properties of milk fatty acid content and the genetic mechanism of its formation and to estimate genetic parameters. At the same time, SNPs significantly related to fatty acid content were discovered and the genes or adjacent genes had critical regulatory effects on milk fat synthesis, milk protein synthesis, adipocyte differentiation, mammary gland development, milk synthesis, and growth and development in dairy cows, thus providing a new perspective for cow genetic selection in China. Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-MIRS) can be used for quantitative detection of milk components. Here, milk samples of 458 Chinese Holstein cows from 11 provinces in China were collected and we established a total of 22 quantitative prediction models in milk fatty acids by FT-MIRS. The coefficient of determination of the validation set ranged from 0.59 (C18:0) to 0.76 (C4:0). The models were adopted to predict the milk fatty acids from 2138 cows and a new high-throughput computing software HiBLUP was employed to construct a multi-trait model to estimate and analyze genetic parameters in dairy cows. Finally, genome-wide association analysis was performed and seven novel SNPs significantly associated with fatty acid content were selected, investigated, and verified with the FarmCPU method, which stands for "Fixed and random model Circulating Probability Unification". The findings of this study lay a foundation and offer technical support for the study of fatty acid trait breeding and the screening and grouping of characteristic dairy cows in China with rich, high-quality fatty acids. It is hoped that in the future, the method established in this study will be able to screen milk sources rich in high-quality fatty acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Human adenovirus (HAdV) is an important pathogen causing acute respiratory infection (ARI) in children. Many countries, including China, have experienced sporadic or outbreaks related to HAdV-4, and death cases were reported. However, there is little research on HAdV-4 and the epidemic situation of HAdV-4 in China is little known. This study was designed to comprehend the prevalence and genetic characteristics of HAdV-4 in ARI children in China. Methods: Respiratory tract samples from ARI children hospitalized in six hospitals of Northern and Southern China from 2017 to 2020 were collected for HAdV detection and typing. Clinical information was collected from HAdV-4 positive patients for clinical characteristics and epidemiological analysis. The main capsid proteins and the whole genome sequences were amplified and sequenced for bioinformatics analysis. Results: There were 2847 ARI children enrolled, and 156 (5.48%) HAdV positive samples were detected. Eleven HAdV-4 positive samples were identified, accounting for 0.39% of the total samples and 7.05% of the HAdV positive samples. The main manifestations were fever and cough. Two children had conjunctivitis. Two children were diagnosed with severe pneumonia and developed respiratory failure. One of them developed hemophagocytic syndrome and checked in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). This child had ventricular septal defect. All the children recovered. The isolated strains of HAdV-4 obtained in this study and the reference strains from China located in the same phylogenetic branch (HAdV-4a), while the prototype strain and vaccine strains formed another branch (HAdV-4p). Upon comparison with the prototype strain, there were a few amino acid mutations existing in three major capsid proteins. According to recombination analysis, no new recombination was found. Conclusions: The detection rate of HAdV-4 in children hospitalized with ARI was 0.39% in the total samples and 7.05% of all HAdV positive samples. HAdV-4 isolates obtained in this study and other reference strains from China belonged to the HAdV-4a subtype. Our data provided reference for the monitoring, prevention and control of HAdV-4, as well as the research and development of vaccines and drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citrus depressa Hayata is a citrus cultivar grown in Japan and Taiwan. To assess the differences in genetic characteristics and volatile organic components (VOCs) in the leaves and edible parts of the fruits of 23 C. depressa accessions from different geographic origins, the tissues were analyzed using cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence markers and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A phylogenetic cluster analysis demonstrated that Kagoshima accessions had a close genetic relationship with one another, with Okinawan "Izumi kugani-like" being the most distinct accession. The predominant volatiles in the leaves were γ-terpinene, p-cymene, limonene, and linalool. Multivariate analysis and volcano plots revealed distinct volatiles in the leaves of each cultivation region: piperitone and citronellal (Kagoshima); 5,9,9-trimethyl-spiro[3.5]non-5-en-1-one (Okinawa); and hexanal (Taiwan). Furthermore, the edible parts of Taiwanese fruits contained abundant amounts of monoterpenes, including linalool and 1,8-cineole. In contrast, Kagoshima and Okinawa accessions were rich in aldehydes and esters, respectively. In conclusion, the genetic and volatile profiles of 23 C. depressa accessions of different origins could be distinguished, and multivariate analysis suggested that C. depressa contains diverse VOCs depending on where it is cultivated. These findings demonstrate the exclusivity of C. depressa resources in each region, which could assist farmers and agro-industries in promoting food products derived from C. depressa fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metaplastic breast cancer is a rare, aggressive, and chemotherapy‐resistant subtype of breast cancers, accounting for less than 1% of invasive breast cancers, characterized by adenocarcinoma with spindle cells, squamous epithelium, and/or mesenchymal tissue differentiation. The majority of metaplastic breast cancers exhibit the characteristics of triple‐negative breast cancer and have unfavorable prognoses with a lower survival rate. This subtype often displays gene alterations in the PI3K/AKT pathway, Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, and cell cycle dysregulation and demonstrates epithelial–mesenchymal transition, immune response changes, TP53 mutation, EGFR amplification, and so on. Currently, the optimal treatment of metaplastic breast cancer remains uncertain. This article provides a comprehensive review on the clinical features, molecular characteristics, invasion and metastasis patterns, and prognosis of metaplastic breast cancer, as well as recent advancements in treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Human adenovirus (HAdV) is an important pathogen causing acute respiratory infection (ARI) in children. Many countries, including China, have experienced sporadic or outbreaks related to HAdV-4, and death cases were reported. However, there is little research on HAdV-4 and the epidemic situation of HAdV-4 in China is little known. This study was designed to comprehend the prevalence and genetic characteristics of HAdV-4 in ARI children in China. Methods Respiratory tract samples from ARI children hospitalized in six hospitals of Northern and Southern China from 2017 to 2020 were collected for HAdV detection and typing. Clinical information was collected from HAdV-4 positive patients for clinical characteristics and epidemiological analysis. The main capsid proteins and the whole genome sequences were amplified and sequenced for bioinformatics analysis. Results There were 2847 ARI children enrolled, and 156 (5.48%) HAdV positive samples were detected. Eleven HAdV-4 positive samples were identified, accounting for 0.39% of the total samples and 7.05% of the HAdV positive samples. The main manifestations were fever and cough. Two children had conjunctivitis. Two children were diagnosed with severe pneumonia and developed respiratory failure. One of them developed hemophagocytic syndrome and checked in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). This child had ventricular septal defect. All the children recovered. The isolated strains of HAdV-4 obtained in this study and the reference strains from China located in the same phylogenetic branch (HAdV-4a), while the prototype strain and vaccine strains formed another branch (HAdV-4p). Upon comparison with the prototype strain, there were a few amino acid mutations existing in three major capsid proteins. According to recombination analysis, no new recombination was found. Conclusions The detection rate of HAdV-4 in children hospitalized with ARI was 0.39% in the total samples and 7.05% of all HAdV positive samples. HAdV-4 isolates obtained in this study and other reference strains from China belonged to the HAdV-4a subtype. Our data provided reference for the monitoring, prevention and control of HAdV-4, as well as the research and development of vaccines and drugs.

Uveal and conjunctival melanomas are relatively rare tumors; nonetheless, they pose a significant risk of mortality for a large number of affected individuals. The pathogenesis of melanoma at different sites is very similar, however, the prognosis for patients with ocular melanoma remains unfavourable, primarily due to its distinctive genetic profile and tumor microenvironment. Regardless of considerable advances in understanding the genetic characteristics and biological behaviour, the treatment of uveal and conjunctival melanoma remains a formidable challenge. To enhance the prospect of success, collaborative efforts involving medical professionals and researchers in the fields of ocular biology and oncology are essential. Current data show a lack of well-designed randomized clinical trials and limited benefits in current forms of treatment for these tumors. Despite advancements in the development of effective melanoma therapeutic strategies, all current treatments for uveal melanoma (UM) and conjunctival melanoma (CoM) remain unsatisfactory, resulting in a poor long-term prognosis. Ongoing trials offer hope for positive outcomes in advanced and metastatic tumors. A more comprehensive understanding of the genetic and molecular abnormalities involved in the development and progression of ocular melanomas opens the way for the development of personalized therapy, with various potential therapeutic targets currently under consideration. Increased comprehension of the molecular pathogenesis of UM and CoM and their specificities may aid in the development of new and more effective systemic therapeutic agents, with the hope of improving the prognosis for patients with metastatic disease. Graphic Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work provides a comprehensive review of the history, status, and genetic characteristics of cattle breeds in Kazakhstan. The current breeding status is analysed, including information on popular breeds such as Kazakh whiteheaded, Auliekol, Alatau, Aulieata, and Kalmyk, their production and economic significance. An overview of genetic studies using DNA fingerprinting, microsatellites, and SNPs aimed at identifying unique characteristics, genetic diversity, and genes under selection, as well as markers of economically important and productive traits of Kazakh cattle breeds, is also provided. The study examined the genetic structure of the Kazakh white-headed and Alatau breeds based on whole-genome SNP genotyping. Unique genetic components characterizing Kazakhstan cattle breeds were described, and comparisons were made with genetic data from other breeds. Structural analysis showed that the Kazakh white-headed breed contains genetic components of the Hereford, Kalmyk, and Altai cattle. The Alatau breed has a composite structure, containing components of the Brown Swiss, Braunvieh, Kalmyk, and Holstein breeds. The results not only reveal the genetic diversity and characteristics of cattle breeds in Kazakhstan and the historical development and current state of animal husbandry in the country, but also emphasize the importance of further research to identify adaptive and unique genetic markers affecting economically important traits of local breeds.

【Objective】By analyzing the genetic variation characteristics and heterosis of natural hybridization in Rhododendron, a theoretical basis is provided for hybrid breeding and new variety selection of Rhododendron.【Method】Thirty-six natural hybrids of Rhododendron delavayi and Rhododendron irroratum were taken as the research materials. The phenotypic traits of Rhododendron corollas such as inflorescence shape, flower color, corolla diameter, and number of floret were analyzed, and their genetic diversity, coefficient of variation and heterosis were studied.【Result】The inflorescence shapes mainly were divided into three types, among which flat inflorescences accounted for 83.33%, and the flower color differentiation was most obvious, with pink accounting for 61.11%, and white and light yellow accounting for a relatively small proportion. The differentiation of the corolla throat spots and corolla honeydew spots in hybrids was also obvious. The colorful ribbed stripes on the back of corolla were differentiated from the deep red and light yellow of the parent into the pink, deep red, purplish red and light yellow. The pink ribbed stripes were the most common, accounting for 58.33%. The corolla posture was differentiated into three types: fully wavy, wavy on the edge, and nearly flat. Among them, there were more plants with wavy edges on the corolla, accounting for 86.11%. By calculation, it could be inferred that the Shannon-Wiener diversity of corolla color, corolla throat spot and corolla honeydew spot was higher than 1.0. The frequency distribution of quantitative traits in the corolla followed a normal distribution, it was in conformity with typical genetic characteristics of quantitative traits. The coefficient of genetic variation ranged from 11.17% to 26.7%. The heterosis index of corolla diameter was positive (106.66%), while the heterosis index of other trait indicators was negative, ranging from88.91% to 98.97%. The index of the pedicel length was the smallest. The HH was between 11.11% and 55.56%, while the LL was between 13.89% and 58.33%. The HH of the corolla diameter was the highest.【Conclusion】Therefore, the corolla phenotypic traits of the natural hybrids of Rhododendron delavayi and Rhododendron irroratum have rich variation characteristics, with the potential for breeding excellent germplasm. The hybrids have a certain degree of HH, and phenotypic traits like corolla diameter exhibit excellent traits. However, some traits also have a certain proportion of LL, and the rate of deterioration is also relatively high.

Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are uncommon. Although some studies have explored the distribution and characteristics of IEMs in newborns, the impact of these disorders on hospitalized newborns remains unclear. In this study, we gathered data from 21,840 newborn patients admitted for various medical conditions at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2017 and December 2022. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), and genetic analysis were used to elucidate the disease spectrum, incidence rate, and genetic characteristics of IEMs in hospitalized newborns. The results revealed that the incidence of IEMs in hospitalized newborns was 1/377 (58/21,840), with a higher incidence in full-term infants (1/428) than in premature infants (1/3,120). Among the diagnosed genetic metabolic diseases, organic acid metabolism disorders (1/662), amino acid metabolism disorders (1/950), and fatty acid oxidation disorders (1/10,920) were the most prevalent. Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA), especially the isolated form, emerged as the most common IEM, while neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD) and ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD) were prevalent in premature infants. Of the 58 confirmed cases of IEMs, 72 variants were identified, of which 31.94% (23/72) had not been reported previously. This study contributes to understanding the incidence and clinical features of IEMs in hospitalized newborns, offering more efficient strategies for screening and diagnosing these disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] By analyzing the genetic variation characteristics and heterosis of natural hybridization in Rhododendron, a theoretical basis is provided for hybrid breeding and new variety selection of Rhododendron.[Method] Thirty-six natural hybrids of Rhododendron delavayi and Rhododendron irroratum were taken as the research materials. The phenotypic traits of Rhododendron corollas such as inflorescence shape, flower color, corolla diameter, and number of floret were analyzed, and their genetic diversity, coefficient of variation and heterosis were studied.[Result] The inflorescence shapes mainly were divided into three types, among which flat inflorescences accounted for 83.33%, and the flower color differentiation was most obvious, with pink accounting for 61.11%, and white and light yellow accounting for a relatively small proportion. The differentiation of the corolla throat spots and corolla honeydew spots in hybrids was also obvious. The colorful ribbed stripes on the back of corolla were differentiated from the deep red and light yellow of the parent into the pink, deep red, purplish red and light yellow. The pink ribbed stripes were the most common, accounting for 58.33%. The corolla posture was differentiated into three types: fully wavy, wavy on the edge, and nearly flat. Among them, there were more plants with wavy edges on the corolla, accounting for 86.11%. By calculation, it could be inferred that the Shannon-Wiener diversity of corolla color, corolla throat spot and corolla honeydew spot was higher than 1.0. The frequency distribution of quantitative traits in the corolla followed a normal distribution, it was in conformity with typical genetic characteristics of quantitative traits. The coefficient of genetic variation ranged from 11.17% to 26.7%. The heterosis index of corolla diameter was positive (106.66%), while the heterosis index of other trait indicators was negative, ranging from88.91% to 98.97%. The index of the pedicel length was the smallest. The HH was between 11.11% and 55.56%, while the LL was between 13.89% and 58.33%. The HH of the corolla diameter was the highest.[Conclusion] Therefore, the corolla phenotypic traits of the natural hybrids of Rhododendron delavayi and Rhododendron irroratum have rich variation characteristics, with the potential for breeding excellent germplasm. The hybrids have a certain degree of HH, and phenotypic traits like corolla diameter exhibit excellent traits. However, some traits also have a certain proportion of LL, and the rate of deterioration is also relatively high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the genetic evolution and molecular characteristics of the H5N6 avian influenza virus A/Changsha/1/2022(H5N6) in a human infection case in Changsha City, providing insights for the prevention and control of H5N6 avian influenza transmission to humans. Methods The sample underwent whole-genome sequencing on a third-generation sequencing platform. Reference sequences were downloaded from the NCBI and GISAID databases for comparison. The phylogenetic tree was constructed and key amino acid mutation sites were analyzed using MEGA7 software. Results The sequence analysis results revealed that the strain studied belongs to the H5 subtype Clade 2.3.4.4b branch. The PB1 gene shared 99.69% homology with the H5N6 virus A/duck/Hunan/S40199/2021(H5N6) from Hunan Province; PB2 had 98.58% homology with A/Whooper swan/Sanmenxia/Y36/2020(H5N8); and other sequences showed high homology with the strain A/Guangdong/1/2021(H5N6) discovered in Guangzhou in 2021. These results indicate that an infection with a recombinant H5N6 subtype avian influenza virus caused the case. The amino acid composition of the cleavage site was RERRRKR ↓GLF, consistent with high-pathogenicity avian influenza characteristics. The HA sequence showed no mutations at the Q226L and G228S sites, indicating the preservation of characteristics binding to avian receptors. However, mutations at the S127P, S137A, T160A, T192R, and A267T sites increased the virus's affinity for humans. A deletion found in positions 59-70 of the NA protein stalk implies enhanced viral virulence in mammals. Mutations were noted in the internal genes; S622G in PB1, K389R and V598T in PB2, N409S in PA, N30D and T215A in M1, and P42S in NS1, which may enhance the virulence of avian influenza virus in infecting mice. Conclusions The H5N6 virus strain detected in a human case in Changsha City in this study is highly pathogenic, prone to bind to avian receptors, but numerous mutations at key amino acid sites facilitate infection in humans. Continuous monitoring and research on H5N6 avian influenza virus should be strengthened [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective Different library construction methods, combined with high-throughput sequencing methods, were used to understand the genetic characteristics of the virus of the first confirmed imported monkeypox case in mainland China, and to compare the advantages and disadvantages of different library types. Methods The herpetic fluids and nasopharyngeal swabs of the first imported monkeypox case in the Chinese mainland were used as samples. After nucleic acid extraction and quantification, the library was directly constructed or the amplicon library was constructed using the monkeypox virus whole genome capture kit, and the whole genome sequence of the virus was obtained by high-throughput sequencing. Combined with 34 monkeypox virus sequences downloaded from the NCBI and GISAID databases, a phylogenetic evolutionary tree was constructed using vaccinia, variola, and cowpox sequences as out groups. Results The whole genome sequence of the virus was obtained by both library construction methods, named hMpxV/China/CQ-CQCDC-001/2022, which belongs to the monkeypox virus branch lib, located in the same branch as hMpxV/Germany/BE-ChVir28656/2022 belonging to the IIb B.1 branch. Metagenomic libraries have more uniform sequence coverage than amplicon libraries, but the sequencing depth is lower and the effective data volume accounts for less. Conclusion Clade IIb B.1 monkeypox viruses have already been introduced into the mainland China, and the sequencing of subsequently discovered monkeypox viruses should be based on the sample size and sequencing timeframe, sequencing cost-effectiveness ratio, and other factors to choose the appropriate library construction method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are a significant cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTIs) among young children and elderly individuals worldwide. The four types of HPIVs (HPIV1–4) can cause recurrent infections and pose a significant economic burden on health care systems globally. However, owing to the limited availability of complete genome sequences, the genetic evolution of these viruses and the development of vaccines and antiviral treatments are hampered. To address this issue, this study utilized next-generation sequencing to obtain 156 complete genome sequences of HPIV1–4, which were isolated from hospitalized children with ALRTIs in six regions of China between 2015 and 2021. This study revealed multiple clades, lineages, or sublineages of HPIVs circulating in mainland China, with a novel clade D of HPIV1 identified as geographically restricted to China. Moreover, this study identified the endemic dominant genotype of HPIV3, lineage C3, which has widely spread and continuously circulated in China. Bioinformatic analysis of the genome sequences revealed that the proteins of HPIV3 possessed the most variable sites, with the P protein showing more diversity than the other proteins among all types of HPIVs. The HN proteins of HPIV1–3 are all under negative/purifying selection, and two amino acid substitutions in the HN proteins correspond to known mAb neutralizing sites in the two HPIV3 strains. These findings provide crucial insights into the genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics of HPIVs circulating among children in China and may facilitate research on the molecular diagnosis, vaccine development, and surveillance of HPIVs.IMPORTANCEPhylogenetic analysis revealed the prevalence of multiple clades, lineages, or sublineages of human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) circulating in mainland China. Notably, a unique evolutionary branch of HPIV1 containing only Chinese strains was identified and designated clade D. Furthermore, in 2023, HPIV3 strains from Pakistan and Russia formed a new lineage within clade C, named C6. The first HPIV4b sequence obtained in this study from China belongs to lineage C2. Evolutionary rate assessments revealed that both the HN and whole-genome sequences of HPIV3 presented the lowest evolutionary rates compared with those of the other HPIV types, with rates of 6.98E−04 substitutions/site/year (95% HPD: 5.87E−04 to 8.25E−03) and 5.85E−04 substitutions/site/year (95% HPD: 5.12E−04 to 6.62E−04), respectively. Recombination analysis revealed a potential recombination event in the F gene of an HPIV1 strain in this study. Additionally, all the newly obtained HPIV1–3 strains exhibited negative selection pressure, and two mutations were identified in the HN protein of two HPIV3 strains at monoclonal antibody-binding sites.

ABSTRACT: The novel bunyavirus (SFTSV) causes severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), which has a high mortality rate and poses a serious threat to public health. To investigate the genomic characteristics of SFTSV strains isolated in Huzhou, China, in 2023, we sequenced SFTSV isolates and constructed a phylogenetic tree, and analyzed their homologies, average genetic distances, and amino acid (aa) mutations using DNAstar and MEGA software. The two SFTSV strains belonged to genotypes A and D. The nucleotide (nt) and aa sequence similarities of the two strains were 96.61% and 98.64%, respectively. The nt and aa sequence homologies with human reference strains of the same genotypes were 94.44% and 97.28%, respectively. The nt and aa sequence homologies with syngeneic tick host reference strains were 94.56% and 97.96%, respectively. The two SFTSV isolates had different mutation rates in the L, M, and S proteins; the M protein exhibited the highest mutation rate. Further investigations of SFTSV are warranted to explore the distributions of its genotypes, as well as its nt and aa mutations.

Abstract Background Cryptosporidium is a highly pathogenic parasite responsible for diarrhea in children worldwide. Here, the epidemiological status and genetic characteristics of Cryptosporidium in children with or without diarrhea were investigated with tracking of potential sources in Wenzhou City, China. Methods A total of 1032 children were recruited, 684 of whom had diarrhea and 348 without, from Yuying Children’s Hospital in Wenzhou, China. Samples of stool were collected from each participant, followed by extraction of DNA, genotyping, and molecular identification of Cryptosporidium species and subtypes. Results Twenty-two of the 1032 (2.1%) children were infected with Cryptosporidium spp. with 2.5% (17/684) and 1.4% (5/348) in diarrhoeic and asymptomatic children, respectively. Four Cryptosporidium species were identified, including C. parvum (68.2%; 15/22), C. felis (13.6%; 3/22), C. viatorum (9.1%; 2/22), and C. baileyi (9.1%; 2/22). Two C. parvum subtypes named IIdA19G1 (n = 14) and IInA10 (n = 1), and one each of C. felis (XIXa) and C. viatorum (XVaA3g) subtype was found as well. Conclusions This is the first research that identified Cryptosporidium in children of Wenzhou, China, using PCR. Identification of zoonotic C. parvum, C. felis, C. viatorum, and their subtypes indicate potential cross-species transmission of Cryptosporidium between children and animals. Additionally, the presence of C. baileyi in children suggests that this species has a wider host range than previously believed and that it possesses the capacity to infect humans.

Disease-resistant grass carp (DR-GGC) was obtained by backcrossing gynogenetic grass carp (GGC, 2n = 48, female) with common grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus [GC], 2n = 48, male). The genetic constitution and the potential mutation associated with growth dominance in DR-GGC were analyzed by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), whole-genome resequencing (WGRS) and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). The GISH results showed partial translocations and deletions in the chromosomes of DR-GGC compared with GC. The WGRS results demonstrated that there were numerous genetic variations between DR-GGC and its parents, among which DR-GGC had the highest genomic heterozygosity and GGC had the highest genomic purity. The RNA-seq results revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in cellular processes and immune pathways in DR-GGC and GGC compared with GC. Meanwhile, the combined analysis of WGRS and RNA-seq identified DEGs with overlapping mutation loci in DR-GGC and GGC compared with GC. These DEGs were significantly enriched in the pathways of growth, metabolism, and immunity, including cellular metabolism, biosynthesis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and extra cellular matrix (ECM) receptor interactions. These results provide a genetic basis for exploring the better growth characteristics and disease resistance of DR-GGC than GC, valuable information on the genetic breeding for grass carp, and a further understanding of the genetic characteristics of gynogenetic individuals.

Background: Cryptosporidium is a highly pathogenic parasite responsible for diarrhea in children worldwide. Here, the epidemiological status and genetic characteristics of Cryptosporidium in children with or without diarrhea were investigated with tracking of potential sources in Wenzhou City, China. Methods: A total of 1032 children were recruited, 684 of whom had diarrhea and 348 without, from Yuying Children's Hospital in Wenzhou, China. Samples of stool were collected from each participant, followed by extraction of DNA, genotyping, and molecular identification of Cryptosporidium species and subtypes. Results: Twenty-two of the 1032 (2.1%) children were infected with Cryptosporidium spp. with 2.5% (17/684) and 1.4% (5/348) in diarrhoeic and asymptomatic children, respectively. Four Cryptosporidium species were identified, including C. parvum (68.2%; 15/22), C. felis (13.6%; 3/22), C. viatorum (9.1%; 2/22), and C. baileyi (9.1%; 2/22). Two C. parvum subtypes named IIdA19G1 (n = 14) and IInA10 (n = 1), and one each of C. felis (XIXa) and C. viatorum (XVaA3g) subtype was found as well. Conclusions: This is the first research that identified Cryptosporidium in children of Wenzhou, China, using PCR. Identification of zoonotic C. parvum, C. felis, C. viatorum, and their subtypes indicate potential cross-species transmission of Cryptosporidium between children and animals. Additionally, the presence of C. baileyi in children suggests that this species has a wider host range than previously believed and that it possesses the capacity to infect humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Agronomica Sinica is the property of Crop Science Society of China and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sugarcane, a significant cash crop in tropical and subtropical regions, contributes to 80% of sugar production and 40% of bioethanol production in the world. It is a key sugar crop, accounting for 85% of sugar production in China. Developing new varieties with high yield, high sugar, and better stress resistance is crucial for the sustainable growth of sugar industry. Hybrid breeding is the most widely used and effective method, with over 98% of Chinese sugarcane varieties resulting from this approach. Over the past two decades, Chinese breeders have developed the theory of high-heterogeneous composite high-sugar breeding, leading to the successful breeding of the fifth-generation sugarcane varieties. Among them, YZ08–1609, a complex hybrid of Saccharum spp., was developed by Sugarcane Research Institute (YSRI) of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The average cane yield of YZ08–1609 was 14.4% higher than ROC22. It is highly resistant to mosaic disease, and highly tolerant to drought stress, but moderately susceptible to smut disease. Notably, YZ08–1609 stands out with a sucrose content of 20.3%, setting an international record, earning the reputation as “King of Sugar”. To summarize experience and inspire breeding, we provided here the detailed insights into the selection of parents, breeding process, and characteristics of YZ08–1609. Besides, the biological mechanisms underlying its high yield and high sugar was excavated at both transcriptional and metabolic levels. The challenges and prospects in breeding sugarcane varieties especially with high sugar were also discussed, offering a foundation for the future development of high-sugar varieties.

Abstract Background Specific pathogen-free ducks are a valuable laboratory resource for waterfowl disease research and poultry vaccine development. High throughput sequencing allows the systematic identification of structural variants in genomes. Copy number variation (CNV) can explain the variation of important duck genetic traits. Herein, the genome-wide CNVs of the three experimental duck species in China (Jinding ducks (JD), Shaoxing ducks (SX), and Fujian Shanma ducks (SM)) were characterized using resequencing to determine their genetic characteristics and selection signatures. Results We obtained 4,810 CNV regions (CNVRs) by merging 73,012 CNVs, covering 4.2% of the duck genome. Functional analysis revealed that the shared CNVR-harbored genes were significantly enriched for 31 gene ontology terms and 16 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways (e.g., olfactory transduction and immune system). Based on the genome-wide fixation index for each CNVR, growth (SPAG17 and PTH1R), disease resistance (CATHL3 and DMBT1), and thermoregulation (TRPC4 and SLIT3) candidate genes were identified in strongly selected signatures specific to JD, SM, and SX, respectively. Conclusions In conclusion, we investigated the genome-wide distribution of experimental duck CNVs, providing a reference to establish the genetic basis of different phenotypic traits, thus contributing to the management of experimental animal genetic resources.

【Objective】The study aims to create a permanent thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line, with a view to providing support for solving the safety problem of two-line hybrid rice seed production.【Method】Based on the creation of a permanent thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line Tianfeng M by using recurrent parents to polymerize thermo-sensitive and reverse thermo-sensitive genic male sterile genes, the genetic characteristics of Tianfeng M sterility were studied.【Result】The results showed that the male sterility of Tianfeng M polymerizing the thermo-sensitive and reverse thermosensitive genic male sterile genes was controlled by two pairs of genes, one was thermo-sensitive genic male sterile gene, and the other was regulated by temperature, that is, multiple alleles from thermo-sensitive and reverse thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines. And the dominant-recessive relationship was switched by temperature. Under high temperature, the genes from thermo-sensitivity was dominant, and the gene regulating sterility was expressed as sterility; under low temperature, the genes from reverse thermo-sensitivity was dominant, and the gene regulating sterility was also expressed as sterility. The performance of population segregation was confirmed from the cross type 4 of different thermo-sensitive and reverse thermo-sensitive genic male sterile sister lines. The combination C31 (Z1×F7) showed sterility, fertility and normal fertility at low temperature. The ratooning of sterile plant after stem-cutting was separated to sterility plant and fertile plant. There were 5 permanent male sterile plants, 6 low-temperature sterile and high-temperature fertile plants, 4 low-temperature fertile plants and 7 normal fertile plants, which was consistent with the segregation ratio 1∶1∶1∶1 of 2 pairs of heterozygous genes. This permanent thermo-sensitive genic male sterility controlled by two genes could be inherited and restored, and the permanent sterility could be restored when the thermo-sensitive genic male sterility gene was dominant.【Conclusion】Tianfeng M male sterile line can solve the safety problem in seed production of two-line hybrid rice.

Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-MIRS) can be used for quantitative detection of milk components. Here, milk samples of 458 Chinese Holstein cows from 11 provinces in China were collected and we established a total of 22 quantitative prediction models in milk fatty acids by FT-MIRS. The coefficient of determination of the validation set ranged from 0.59 (C18:0) to 0.76 (C4:0). The models were adopted to predict the milk fatty acids from 2138 cows and a new high-throughput computing software HiBLUP was employed to construct a multi-trait model to estimate and analyze genetic parameters in dairy cows. Finally, genome-wide association analysis was performed and seven novel SNPs significantly associated with fatty acid content were selected, investigated, and verified with the FarmCPU method, which stands for “Fixed and random model Circulating Probability Unification”. The findings of this study lay a foundation and offer technical support for the study of fatty acid trait breeding and the screening and grouping of characteristic dairy cows in China with rich, high-quality fatty acids. It is hoped that in the future, the method established in this study will be able to screen milk sources rich in high-quality fatty acids.

Citrus depressa Hayata is a citrus cultivar grown in Japan and Taiwan. To assess the differences in genetic characteristics and volatile organic components (VOCs) in the leaves and edible parts of the fruits of 23 C. depressa accessions from different geographic origins, the tissues were analyzed using cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence markers and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A phylogenetic cluster analysis demonstrated that Kagoshima accessions had a close genetic relationship with one another, with Okinawan “Izumi kugani-like” being the most distinct accession. The predominant volatiles in the leaves were γ-terpinene, p-cymene, limonene, and linalool. Multivariate analysis and volcano plots revealed distinct volatiles in the leaves of each cultivation region: piperitone and citronellal (Kagoshima); 5,9,9-trimethyl-spiro[3.5]non-5-en-1-one (Okinawa); and hexanal (Taiwan). Furthermore, the edible parts of Taiwanese fruits contained abundant amounts of monoterpenes, including linalool and 1,8-cineole. In contrast, Kagoshima and Okinawa accessions were rich in aldehydes and esters, respectively. In conclusion, the genetic and volatile profiles of 23 C. depressa accessions of different origins could be distinguished, and multivariate analysis suggested that C. depressa contains diverse VOCs depending on where it is cultivated. These findings demonstrate the exclusivity of C. depressa resources in each region, which could assist farmers and agro-industries in promoting food products derived from C. depressa fruits.

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease, and its heterogeneity is associated with treatment response. Despite the demonstrated success of venetoclax (VEN)‐based therapy for AML, the effect of FLT3 mutations on the efficacy of the therapy is poorly understood. We aimed to compare the efficacy of VEN‐based therapy between FLT3‐mutated (FLT3mut) and FLT3 wild‐type (FLT3wt) patients and identify the predictors of efficacy in FLT3mut patients. Methods: A total of 266 AML patients (127 newly diagnosed [ND] and 139 refractory/relapsed [R/R]) receiving VEN‐based regimens were enrolled in this study. A retrospective analysis was performed, and the treatment responses and overall survival (OS) of FLT3mut and FLT3wt patients were compared. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards model were applied to examine the clinical and genetic predictors of outcomes. Results: With a median of two cycles of VEN‐based therapy, for the ND AML cohort, the FLT3mut group had a comparable composite complete remission (CRc) rate with the FLT3wt group (79.3% vs. 61.2%, p = 0.072). For the R/R AML cohort, the FLT3mut group exhibited a lower CRc rate than the FLT3wt group. With a median follow‐up of 8.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.0–10), the median OS observed in the FLT3mut and FLT3wt groups for both cohorts were close (14.0 vs. 19.9 months, p = 0.356; 10.0 vs. 11.9 months, p = 0.680). For the ND AML cohort, in FLT3mut patients, MRD‐positive and RNA‐splicing mutation predicted inferior survival (hazard ratio [HR], 10.3; 95% CI: 2.0–53.8; p = 0.006; HR 11.3; 95% CI: 1.2–109.3; p = 0.036, respectively). For the R/R AML cohort, in FLT3mut patients, adverse ELN risk was associated with an inferior response (odds ratio [OR], 0.2; 95% CI: 0.1–0.8; p = 0.025), whereas NPM1 co‐mutation was associated with a superior response (57.1%; OR, 6.7; 95% CI: 1.5–30.1; p = 0.014). CR/CRi predicted a better survival (HR 0.2; 95% CI: 0.1–0.8; p = 0.029), while DNMT3A mutation predicted an inferior survival (HR, 4.6; 95% CI: 1.4–14.9; p = 0.011). Conclusions: FLT3 mutations may influence response to VEN‐based therapy in R/R AML patients but not in ND AML patients. Furthermore, clinical and genetic characteristics could predict outcomes of FLT3mut patients receiving VEN‐based therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Avian-origin H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) is one of the most prevalent influenza virus subtypes in dogs worldwide. Previous studies have shown that during the evolution of H3N2 CIV in dogs, its adaptability in mammals increased gradually, suggesting that dogs can serve as a potential intermediate host for cross-species transmission of the avian influenza virus. In this study, we report results from the surveillance and characterization of H3N2 CIVs isolated from animal hospitals and kennels in 2021 in China. We characterized the CIVs' genetic and antigenic variation, receptor-binding specificity, and virulence in mice. The hemagglutinin (HA) phylogenetic result showed that these H3N2 CIVs belonged to Clade 5.1, a clade formed after 2019. Compared to the 2016–2019 strains in China, the 2021 H3N2 CIVs had similar antigenicity and receptor-binding specificity. The pathogenicity in mice was significantly reduced after infection with two 2021 strains, but the replication capacity was similar, suggesting that a virus-host balance might have been established. This report emphasizes the importance of close surveillance and monitoring of H3N2 CIVs in dogs to prevent the emergence of novel influenza viruses with public health threats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Specific pathogen-free ducks are a valuable laboratory resource for waterfowl disease research and poultry vaccine development. High throughput sequencing allows the systematic identification of structural variants in genomes. Copy number variation (CNV) can explain the variation of important duck genetic traits. Herein, the genome-wide CNVs of the three experimental duck species in China (Jinding ducks (JD), Shaoxing ducks (SX), and Fujian Shanma ducks (SM)) were characterized using resequencing to determine their genetic characteristics and selection signatures. Results: We obtained 4,810 CNV regions (CNVRs) by merging 73,012 CNVs, covering 4.2% of the duck genome. Functional analysis revealed that the shared CNVR-harbored genes were significantly enriched for 31 gene ontology terms and 16 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways (e.g., olfactory transduction and immune system). Based on the genome-wide fixation index for each CNVR, growth (SPAG17 and PTH1R), disease resistance (CATHL3 and DMBT1), and thermoregulation (TRPC4 and SLIT3) candidate genes were identified in strongly selected signatures specific to JD, SM, and SX, respectively. Conclusions: In conclusion, we investigated the genome-wide distribution of experimental duck CNVs, providing a reference to establish the genetic basis of different phenotypic traits, thus contributing to the management of experimental animal genetic resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wuxiang virus (WUXV) is the first sandfly-borne Phlebovirus isolated from Phlebotomus chinensis collected in China and has been established as a consistent viral presence in the local sandfly populations of both Wuxiang County and Yangquan City. However, its distribution in the Shanxi Province remains unclear. In this study, three novel WUXV strains were isolated from sandflies collected from Jiexiu City, Shanxi Province, China, in 2022. Subsequently, whole-genome sequences of these novel strains were generated using next-generation sequencing. The open reading frame (ORF) sequences of the WUXV strains from the three locations were subjected to gene analysis. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that WUXV belongs to two distinct clades with geographical differences. Strains from Wuxiang County and Yangquan City belonged to clade 1, whereas strains from Jiexiu City belonged to clade 2. Reassortment and recombination analyses indicated no gene reassortment or recombination between the two clades. However, four reassortments or recombination events could be detected in clade 1 strains. By aligning the amino acid sequences, eighty-seven mutation sites were identified between the two clades, with seventeen, sixty, nine, and one site(s) in the proteins RdRp, M, NSs, and N, respectively. Additionally, selection pressure analysis identified 17 positively selected sites across the entire genome of WUXV, with two, thirteen, one, and one site(s) in the proteins RdRp, M, NSs, and N, respectively. Notably, sites M-312 and M-340 in the M segment not only represented mutation sites but also showed positive selective pressure effects. These findings highlight the need for continuous nationwide surveillance of WUXV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mung beans make up a relatively large part of the daily needs of every Vietnamese family. However, mung bean yield in the Mekong Delta is still low, and variety is one of the main factors affecting this problem. Therefore, the study of new varieties with a high yield and adaptability to different environmental conditions is extremely necessary. We evaluated genetic characteristics such as productivity and growth time of the introduced mung beans based on agronomic traits (plant height at flowering, plant height at harvesting, number of internodes, number of branches, number of pods plant−1, and theoretical yield), thereby creating a database of genetic characteristics for further breeding programs. The results showed that the mature pods of all varieties were harvested up to two times after one planting season. The broad-sense heritability of studied traits including plant height at flowering and harvesting, number of internodes and branches, number of pods plant−1, and theoretical yield varied from 15.57% to 85.71% in the first harvest and from 68.45% to 89.58% in the second harvest. It can be seen that these traits were influenced by the environment. Hence, it is important to choose appropriate seasons to enhance the potential of the mung bean variety. Moreover, the correlation coefficient results showed a strong positive relationship between yield and the number of pods per plant, indicating that the number of pods plant−1 is one of the important factors affecting mung bean yield. Based on important agronomic traits including the number of pods per plant, 1000 seeds' weight, growth time, and yield, two promising mung bean varieties were selected, which were VC 6494-986-S7 and VC 6518-50. Our results provided useful information for improving the yield of mung beans as well as contributing to the introduced mung bean breeding program in Vietnam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To characterise the clinicopathological and genetic characteristics of gastric neuroendocrine tumour G3 (gNET G3) and to compare them with those of gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma (gNEC) and gNET G2. Methods and results: A total of 115 gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) were included, of which gNET G3 was different from gNET G1/G2 in terms of tumour location (P = 0.029), number (P = 0.003), size (P = 0.010), the Ki67 index (P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001) and TNM stage (P = 0.011), and different from gNEC/gastric mixed neuroendocrine–non‐neuroendocrine neoplasm (gMiNEN) in terms of tumour size (P = 0.010) and the Ki67 index (P = 0.001). High‐resolution copy number (CN) profiling and validation experiments showed CN gains and high expression of DLL3 in gNET G3. Hierarchical clustering analysis based on CN characteristics showed that gNET G3 was separated from gNEC but mixed with gNET G2. In gene set enrichment analysis, eight pathways were significantly enriched in gNEC when comparing gNET G3 and gNEC (P < 0.05), while no pathways were enriched when comparing gNET G3 and gNET G2. Whole‐exome sequencing and validation experiments showed nonsense mutation of TP53 in one gNET G3, with wild‐type staining for p53. In gNEC, TP53 mutations were detected in four of eight cases, and abnormal expression of p53 was detected in all cases. Conclusion: Gastric NET G3 is a distinct entity with unique genetic characteristics, which are different from those of gNEC than gNET G2. Our results provide insight into some molecular alterations that may contribute to the development and progression of gNET G3 and serve as potential therapeutic targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The study aims to create a permanent thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line, with a view to providing support for solving the safety problem of two-line hybrid rice seed production.【Method】Based on the creation of a permanent thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line Tianfeng M by using recurrent parents to polymerize thermo-sensitive and reverse thermo-sensitive genic male sterile genes, the genetic characteristics of Tianfeng M sterility were studied. 【Result】The results showed that the male sterility of Tianfeng M polymerizing the thermo-sensitive and reverse thermosensitive genic male sterile genes was controlled by two pairs of genes, one was thermo-sensitive genic male sterile gene, and the other was regulated by temperature, that is, multiple alleles from thermo-sensitive and reverse thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines. And the dominant-recessive relationship was switched by temperature. Under high temperature, the genes from thermo-sensitivity was dominant, and the gene regulating sterility was expressed as sterility; under low temperature, the genes from reverse thermo-sensitivity was dominant, and the gene regulating sterility was also expressed as sterility. The performance of population segregation was confirmed from the cross type 4 of different thermo-sensitive and reverse thermo-sensitive genic male sterile sister lines. The combination C31 (Z1 ×F7 ) showed sterility, fertility and normal fertility at low temperature. The ratooning of sterile plant after stem-cutting was separated to sterility plant and fertile plant. There were 5 permanent male sterile plants, 6 low-temperature sterile and high-temperature fertile plants, 4 low-temperature fertile plants and 7 normal fertile plants, which was consistent with the segregation ratio 1∶1∶1∶1 of 2 pairs of heterozygous genes. This permanent thermo-sensitive genic male sterility controlled by two genes could be inherited and restored, and the permanent sterility could be restored when the thermo-sensitive genic male sterility gene was dominant.【Conclusion】Tianfeng M male sterile line can solve the safety problem in seed production of two-line hybrid rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACTThe prevalence and dissemination of the plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance gene qnr in Salmonella are considered serious public health concerns worldwide. So far, no comprehensive large-scale studies have focused on the prevalence and genetic characteristics of the qnr gene in Salmonella isolated from chickens. Herein, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns, and molecular characteristics of chicken-originated qnr-positive Salmonella strains from chicken farms, slaughterhouses, and markets in 12 provinces of China in 2020–2021. The overall prevalence of the qnr gene was 21.13% (56/265), with the highest prevalence in markets (36.11%, 26/72), followed in farms (17.95%, 21/117), and slaughterhouses (10.53%, 9/76). Only the qnrS and qnrB genes were detected, and the prevalence rate of the qnrS gene (19.25%, 51/265) was higher than that of the qnrB gene (1.89%, 5/265). Whole genome sequencing identified 37 distinct AMR genes and 15 plasmid replicons, and the most frequent mutation in quinolone resistance determining regions was parC (T57S; 91.49%, 43/47). Meanwhile, four different qnrS and two qnrB genetic environments were discovered among 47 qnr-positive Salmonella strains. In total, 21.28% (10/47) of the strains were capable of conjugative transfer, and all were qnrS1-positive strains, with the majority of transferable plasmids being IncHI2 types (n = 4). Overall, the prevalence of qnr-positive Salmonella strains from chickens in China and their carriage of multiple resistance and virulence genes and transferable plasmids is a major concern, which calls for continuous surveillance of qnr-positive Salmonella and the development of measures to control its prevalence and transmission.IMPORTANCESalmonella is a common foodborne pathogen responsible for 155,000 deaths annually worldwide. Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are used as first-line drugs for the treatment of Salmonella infections in several countries and regions. However, the emergence and increasing prevalence of the FQ-resistant gene qnr in Salmonella isolated from chickens have been widely reported. Gaining insight into the genetic mechanisms of AMR genes in chicken could lead to the development of preventive measures to control and reduce the risk of drug resistance. In this study, we identified qnr-positive Salmonellae isolated from chickens in different regions of China and their AMR patterns and genome-wide characteristics, providing a theoretical basis for further control of their prevalence and transmission.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) are inflammatory diseases with complex interactions among genetic, immune, and environmental factors. FMF is a monogenic autoinflammatory disease, characterized by recurrent febrile attacks and polyserositis, and is manifested mainly in childhood. FMF is widespread in Armenia. There are reports on the concurrent occurrence of FMF and IBD. MEFV gene mutations may have a disease-modifying effect on IBD. We have investigated the frequency of MEFV mutations and FMF in Armenian children with IBD and their influence on the clinical course. A total of 69 untreated IBD patients under 18 years of age were enrolled: 52.1% (36) had ulcerative colitis (UC), 21.7% (15) had Crohn's disease (CD), and 26.0% (18) had unclassified colitis (IBD-U). The frequency of FMF among them was 36.2% (25/69), and MEFV mutations were identified in 53.6% (37/69). The highest rate of MEFV mutations and FMF was in UC patients (61.1% and 41.6% respectively). In all, 56.7% (21/37) of IBD patients with MEFV mutations had M694V mutated alleles, mainly in compound heterozygous and heterozygous states. There were no associations in the group of IBD patients with coexisting FMF (25), either between any MEFV mutation and type of IBD or coexistence of FMF. Overall, 36.0% (9/25) of them developed VEO IBD and carried mainly the M694V mutation. We concluded that the carrier frequency of MEFV mutations among Armenian pediatric IBD patients was rather high (53.6%), especially for UC. It was suggested that the MEFV gene is not necessarily a susceptibility gene but most likely modifies the course of IBD. MEFV genetic testing was recommended for Armenian pediatric IBD patients, especially for VEO UC and IBD-U, atypical IBD course, or resistance to the conventional treatment. They should also be asked for isolated febrile attacks, recurrent arthritis, and family history, even in the absence of FMF typical symptoms, to rule out FMF and its complications.

This paper comprehensively analyses the first-ever monkeypox outbreak in Shenzhen, China, encompassing clinical symptomatology, therapeutic approaches, epidemiological research, and comprehensive laboratory tests, aiming to establish a robust reference for future monkeypox mitigation and management strategies. The investigation involved a thorough investigation of all identified positive cases, including extensive molecular analysis by nucleic acid detection and whole-genome sequencing of the monkeypox virus. Contact tracing and containment of the infected individuals were also undertaken. Three distinct monkeypox cases were identified in this unique outbreak, exhibiting mild and atypical clinical manifestations, primarily fever and rash. All cases were associated with a single transmission chain, primarily facilitated through close contact and homosexual behavior, indicative of a high-risk factor for monkeypox transmission.

Diagnosis and management strategy of disorders of sex developme nt (DSD) are difficult and various due to heterogeneous phenotype and genotype. Under widespread use of genomic sequencing technologies, multiple genes and mechanisms have been identified and proposed as genetic causes of 46,XY DSD. In this study, 178 46,XY DSD patients were enrolled and underwent gene sequencing (either whole-exome sequencing or targeted panel gene sequencing). Detailed clinical phenotype and genotype information were summarized which showed that the most common clinical manifestations were micropenis (56.74%, 101/178), cryptorchidism (34.27%, 61/178), and hypospadias (17.42%, 31/178). Androgen synthesis/action disorders and idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism were the most frequent clinical diagnoses, accounting, respectively, for 40.90 and 21.59%. From all next-generation sequencing results, 103 candidate variants distributed across 32 genes were identified in 88 patients. The overall molecular d etection rate was 49.44% (88/178), including 35.96% (64/178) pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants and 13.48% (24/178) variants of uncertain significance. Of all, 19.42% (20/ 103) variants were first reported in 46,XY DSD patients. Mutation c.680G>A (p.R227Q) on SRD5A2 (steroid 5-alpha-reductase 2) (36.67%, 11/30) was a hotspot mutation in the Chinese population. Novel candidate genes related to DSD (GHR (growth hormone receptor) and PHIP (pleckstrin homology domain-interacting protein)) were identified. Overall, this was a large cohort of 46,XY DSD patients with a common clinical classification and phenotype spectrum of Chinese patients. Targeted gene panel sequencing covered most of the genes contributing to DSD, whereas whole-exome sequencing detected more candidate genes.

Objective To introduce the Hr gene of spontaneously mutated SHJHhr mice into BALB/cAShjh inbred mice with clear genetic background,and provide a basis for study on the molecular mechanism of Hr gene mutation-induced abnormal phenotype and the application of this model. Methods Using a backcross-intercross breeding method guided by phenotypic monitoring, mutant genes from SHJHhr mice bred by spontaneous mutation were introduced into inbred BALB/cAShjh mice by homozygous mutation introgression, and the mice were bred into BALB/cA.Cg.SHJHhr (abbreviated as C.Cg.SHJHhr) mice after 10 generations. The genotypes of 90 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection sites were analyzed in C.Cg.SHJHhr mice by multiplex PCR library construction followed by next generation sequencing. Then 14 biochemical locus marker genes were detected in C.Cg.SHJHhr mice according to the method of GB/T 14927.1-2008. Finally, whole genome exon sequencing was utilized to detect the mutated genes in this mouse.Results From May 2018 to March 2022, a total of 10 generations of backcross-intercross were conducted to complete the construction of the C.Cg.SHJHhr mouse line. Among the 90 SNPs loci detected, except for rs13484115 and rs13484116, all the other loci had the same genotype as the recipient mice BALB/cAShjh. The results of biochemical marker gene detection showed that all the 14 loci of the mouse were the same as those of the recipient mouse. Whole genome exon sequencing found that the mouse had 109 site mutations compared with the recipient mouse strain, including 71 synonymous mutations, 1 stopgain, 37 missense mutations, and 20 genes involved in protein sequence alterations (including the reported Hr gene).Conclusion C.Cg.SHJHhr mice were created. Through exon sequencing and genetic analysis, three Hr mutated genes and associated mutated genes that mainly cause phenotypic variations were identified, which provides a basis for expanding the application of C.Cg.SHJHhr mice in biomedical research.

Abstract Background To dynamically monitor the changes of genomic characteristics during lorlatinib treatment and analyze the resistance profile of lorlatinib in ALK‐positive advanced Chinese patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with first‐ and second‐generation ALK inhibitor resistance. Methods Ten eligible patients who were from a phase 2 study in China and admitted to the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital were analyzed. Blood samples were collected for next‐generation sequencing (NGS) to characterize genetic variation at baseline, during treatment, and after disease progression. Results Among the 10 patients treated with lorlatinib, objective response rate (ORR) was 50%. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 13.3 months, and median overall survival (OS) was 15.6 months. At baseline, the mutation frequency of ALK in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) was higher in the group who received two lines of previous anaplastic lymphoma kinase‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK‐TKIs), and a similar trend was observed for TP53. After one follow‐up cycle, the decreased variant allele frequency (VAF) had a trend to be predictive for responses. In six patients in which blood samples had been taken after lorlatinib resistance, ALK compound mutations were found in three patients (50%), which were G1202R/L1196M, L1196M/D1203N, and G1202R/F1174C. The DNMT3A N403Tfs*4, ERCC3 E259D, and GNAS p.A436_P459del variants were only detected after progression in two of the other three patients without ALK compound mutations. Conclusions The dynamic changes of genomic characteristics during lorlatinib treatment revealed the mutation landscape of Chinese patients with NSCLC after ALK‐TKI resistance, indicated that the resistance profile of lorlatinib were heterogeneous, which laid the foundation for subsequent treatment to overcome lorlatinib resistance.

In the second member of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation (T3x2) in the Xinchang area, western Sichuan Basin, only a low percent of reserves has been recovered, and the geological model of gas reservoir sweet spot remains unclear. Based on a large number of core, field outcrop, test and logging-seismic data, the T3x2 gas reservoir in the Xinchang area is examined. The concept of fault-fold-fracture body (FFFB) is proposed, and its types are recognized. The main factors controlling fracture development are identified, and the geological models of FFFB are established. FFFB refers to faults, folds and associated fractures reservoirs. According to the characteristics and genesis, FFFBs can be divided into three types: fault-fracture body, fold-fracture body, and fault-fold body. In the hanging wall of the fault, the closer to the fault, the more developed the effective fractures; the greater the fold amplitude and the closer to the fold hinge plane, the more developed the effective fractures. Two types of geological models of FFFB are established: fault-fold fracture, and matrix storage and permeability. The former can be divided into two subtypes: network fracture, and single structural fracture, and the later can be divided into three subtypes: bedding fracture, low permeability pore, and extremely low permeability pore. The process for evaluating favorable FFFB zones was formed to define favorable development targets and support the well deployment for purpose of high production. The study results provide a reference for the exploration and development of deep tight sandstone oil and gas reservoirs in China.

Porcine circovirus type 4 (PCV4) is an emerging circovirus, which has been detected in domestic pigs across various provinces in China and Korea. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether cats are susceptible to PCV4. For this purpose, we collected 116 cat samples from animal hospitals in Sichuan Province, China, between 2021 and 2022. Using a SYBR Green-based real-time PCR assay, we detected PCV4 in 5 out of the 116 clinical samples, indicating a positive rate of 4.31% (5/116) and confirming the presence of PCV4 in cats from Sichuan Province, China. Moreover, we successfully sequenced and analyzed the complete genome of one PCV4 strain (SCGA-Cat) along with 60 reference sequences deposited in the GenBank database. SCGA-Cat exhibited high nucleotide homology (98.2-99.0%) with PCV4 strains from other species, including dogs, pigs, dairy cows, and fur animals. Notably, the SCGA-Cat strain from cats clustered closely with a PCV4 strain derived from a pig collected in Fujian Province, China. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first report on the molecular detection of PCV4 in cats worldwide, which prompted us to understand the genetic diversity and cross-species transmission of the ongoing PCV4 cases. However, further investigations are needed to explore the association between PCV4 infection and clinical syndromes in cats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy in patients with multiple myeloma is an undesirable and sometimes severe side effect. Our study aimed to examine whether there was a difference in bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy between multiple myeloma patients with normal and abnormal genetic characteristics. Methods: This retrospective analysis is based on the assessment of bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy frequency in newly-diagnosed multiple myeloma patients with normal (n = 68) and abnormal (n = 45) genetic profiles. A total of 113 patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma according to the International Myeloma Working Group criteria, between 2016 and 2021, were included in this study. Results: Neuropathy was detected in 42 (37.1%) patients. The most common genetic anomalies were 13q del (in 28.9%), t (4.14) (in 22.2%), and trisomy 7 (in 20.0%). When patients with and without bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy were compared, the only significant differences were observed for age (p = 0.032) and genetic grouping (p = 0.001); whereas other characteristics that could be associated with bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy were similarly distributed in both groups. Bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy was significantly more frequent in multiple myeloma patients with normal genetic characteristics (p = 0.001). Conclusion: As a result of our study, it was observed that the frequency of bortezomib neuropathy was significantly higher in patients with normal genetic features compared to those with abnormal genetic features. This result suggested that factors other than genetic factors should be investigated to clarify the etiology of bortezomib-associated neuropathy in patients with multiple myeloma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective To introduce the Hr gene of spontaneously mutated SHJHhr mice into BALB/ cAShjh inbred mice with clear genetic background, and provide a basis for study on the molecular mechanism of Hr gene mutation-induced abnormal phenotype and the application of this model. Methods Using a backcross-intercross breeding method guided by phenotypic monitoring, mutant genes from SHJHhr mice bred by spontaneous mutation were introduced into inbred BALB/cAShjh mice by homozygous mutation introgression, and the mice were bred into BALB/cA.Cg.SHJHhr (abbreviated as C.Cg. SHJHhr ) mice after 10 generations. The genotypes of 90 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection sites were analyzed in C.Cg.SHJHhr mice by multiplex PCR library construction followed by next generation sequencing. Then 14 biochemical locus marker genes were detected in C.Cg.SHJHhr mice according to the method of GB/T 14927.1-2008. Finally, whole genome exon sequencing was utilized to detect the mutated genes in this mouse. Results From May 2018 to March 2022, a total of 10 generations of backcrossintercross were conducted to complete the construction of the C.Cg.SHJHhr mouse line. Among the 90 SNPs loci detected, except for rs13484115 and rs13484116, all the other loci had the same genotype as the recipient mice BALB/cAShjh. The results of biochemical marker gene detection showed that all the 14 loci of the mouse were the same as those of the recipient mouse. Whole genome exon sequencing found that the mouse had 109 site mutations compared with the recipient mouse strain, including 71 synonymous mutations, 1 stopgain, 37 missense mutations, and 20 genes involved in protein sequence alterations (including the reported Hr gene). Conclusion C.Cg.SHJHhr mice were created. Thr ough exon sequencing and genetic analysis, thr ee Hr mutated genes and associated mutated genes that mainly cause phenotypic variations were identified, which provides a basis for expanding the application of C. Cg. SHJHhr mice in biomedical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Backgrounds Transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) type I receptor (TGFβRI) and type II receptor (TGFβRII) are the members of the TGFβ superfamily, which are potent regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation in many organ systems, and they play key roles in multiple aspects of follicle development. Objectives We aimed to explore the characterization, expression analysis of TGFβRI and TGFβRII genes, and the association with litter size in Tibetan sheep. Methods In this study, we cloned the complete coding sequences of TGFβRI and TGFβRII genes in Tibetan sheep and analyzed their genomic structures. Results The results showed that percentages of sequences homology of the two proteins in Tibetan sheep were the most similar to Ovis aries (100%), followed by Bos mutus (99%). The RT‐qPCR showed that two genes were expressed widely in the different tissues of Tibetan sheep. The TGFβRI expression was the highest in the lung (p < 0.05), followed by the spleen and ovary (p < 0.05). The TGFβRII expression was significantly higher in uterus than that in lung and ovary (p < 0.05). In addition, the χ2 test indicated that all ewes in the population were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, and the population was in medium or low polymorphic information content status. We also found four Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs), g.9414A > G, g.28881A > G, g.28809T > C, g.10429G > A in sheep TGFβRI gene and g.63940C > T, g.63976C > T, g.64538C > T, g.64504T > A in TGFβRII gene. Three genotypes, except for g.64504T > A, and three haplotypes were identified in each gene. linkage disequilibrium analysis indicated that there was strong linkage disequilibrium in each gene. The association analysis showed that the four SNPs of TGFβRI were associated with litter size (p < 0.05), and g.63940C > T of TGFβRII was confirmed to be associated with litter size (p < 0.05). Conclusions Based on these preliminary results, we can assume that TGFβ receptors (TGFβRI and TGFβRII) may play an important role in sheep reproduction.