Annalisa Natalicchio, Antongiulio Faggiano, Maria Chiara Zatelli, Antonella Argentiero, Stella D’Oronzo, Nicola Marrano, Giordano Domenico Beretta, Silvia Acquati, Valerio Adinolfi, Paolo Di Bartolo, Romano Danesi, Pietro Ferrari, Stefania Gori, Lelio Morviducci, Antonio Russo, Enzo Tuveri, Monica Montagnani, Marco Gallo, Nicola Silvestris, Francesco Giorgino, Natalicchio A., Faggiano A., Zatelli M.C., Argentiero A., D'Oronzo S., Marrano N., Beretta G.D., Acquati S., Adinolfi V., Di Bartolo P., Danesi R., Ferrari P., Gori S., Morviducci L., Russo A., Tuveri E., Montagnani M., Gallo M., Silvestris N., and Giorgino F.
Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) are a heterogeneous group of malignancies derived from neuroendocrine cells that can occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract. GEP-NETs incidence has been steadily increasing over the past decades, in parallel with the increasing incidence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). It is not yet fully known whether the MetS components (such as obesity, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes) could be involved in the etiology of GEP-NETs or could influence their outcomes. In this review, a panel of experts of the Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM), Italian Association of Medical Diabetologists (AMD), Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE), and Italian Society of Pharmacology (SIF) provides a critical view of the experimental and clinical evidence about the association of GEP-NETs risk, outcomes, and therapies with the metabolic disorders typical of MetS. The potential therapeutic strategies for an optimal management of patients with both GEP-NETs and MetS are also discussed.