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[Objective]This study aims to make clear the composition & interrelation of protein and amino acid of 10 germplasm resources of Cyperus esculentus. [Method]10 germplasm resources of Cyperus esculentus were introduced, their compositions of protein, fat, coarse fiber and amino acid were measured. Comparison analysis was done using SPSS software. [Result]The compositions of protein, fat, coarse fiber and essential amino acid of the 10 germplasm resources of Cyperus esculentus are significantly different;in the amino acid of the 10 germplasm resources of Cyperus esculentus, the content of arginine is the highest and the content of methionine is the lowest. The variation coefficient of proline is the biggest and that of alanine is the smallest; there was no significant correlation between proline and other 15 amino acids, between methionine and aspartate, serine, histidine, lysine, alanine and arginine, and between lysine and tyrosine and valine. The contents of methionine were negatively correlated with threonine, glutamic acid, valine, glycine, leucine, isoleucine and phenylalanine. The contents of methionine and tyrosine were significantly negatively correlated. There was a significant positive correlation between glutamic acid and arginine content. The contents of other remaining amino acids showed a significant positive correlation. [Conclusion]The contents of serine, methionine and proline can comprehensively reflect the amino acid content of Cyperus esculentus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] This study explored the variations of pollen morphology among different Psi-dium guajava germplasms to provide palynological basis for cross breeding and systematic classification of P. guajava. [Method] A total of 27 P. guajava germplasms were selected from China, Thailand and Brazil. Scanning electron microscope was used to observe pollen ultrastructure and to measure polar axis length (LP),equatorial axis length (LE),pollen size (LPxLE),ratio of polar axis length to equatorial axis length (LP/LE),germination groove length (single surface) and germination groove width. All indicators were compared and the systematic cluster analysis was conducted using the intergroup connectivity met-hod. [Result] Pollen grains of 27 P. guajava germplasms existed in the form of single grains, which were radially symmetrical. The polar plane view showed nearly circular or nearly triangular shapes with obvious three-hole grooves and angular germination holes, the equatorial plane view showed oval shape, and outer wall patterns were all tumor-like. The pollen size was 11. 53 (10. 06-18. 42) μmx14. 45 (13. 45-19. 64) μm, and all were small in size grade. The ratio of polar axis length to equatorial axis length (LP/LE) was 0. 80 (0. 73-0. 94). Except for 'Caomei' with shape of nearly spherical, other 26 P. guajava germplasms were oblate spherical in shape. The length and width of germination groove were 5. 51 (3. 27-9. 95) μm and 0. 78 (0. 33-1. 26) μm. There were significant differences in above indexes among 27 P. guajava germplasms. Cluster analysis showed that the 27 germplasms could be divided into 5 groups with squared Euclidean distance of 2. 'Caomei' was gathered into one cluster separately with significantly larger LP,LE,LPxLE and LP/LE than other germplasms. [Conclusion] Germination hole, outer wall pattern and number of germination groove of P. guajava pollen had genetic conservation and pollen characteristics showed genetic diversity. Pollen characteristics reflected the variability among P. guajava germplasms to some extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using 14 SSR primer pairs, we here analyzed and compared the amplification results of 534 DNA samples from six red sugar beet germplasm resources under three treatments. These data were used to explore the sampling strategy for the aforementioned resources. Based on the sampling strategy results, 21 SSR primer pairs were used to evaluate the genetic diversity of 47 red sugar beet germplasm resources. The six population genetic parameters used for exploring the sampling strategy unveiled that individual plants within the population had a relatively large genetic distance. The genetic parameters Ne, I, and Nei's of the randomly mixed sampling samples increased rapidly between 10 and 30 plants before decreasing. Therefore, when SSR technology was used to analyze the genetic diversity of the red sugar beet germplasm resources, the optimal sampling gradient for each population was the adoption of a random single-plant mixed sampling sample of no less than 10 plants and no more than 30 plants. The 21 SSR primer pairs were used to detect genetic diversity in 30 random mixed samples of 47 resources. The average polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.5738, the average number of observed alleles (Na) was 4.1905, the average number of effective alleles (Ne) was 2.8962, the average Shannon's information index (I) was 1.1299, the average expected heterozygosity (Nei's) was 0.6127, and the average expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.6127. The genetic distance of the 47 germplasm resources ranged from 0.0225 to 0.551 (average: 0.316). According to the population structure analysis, the most suitable K value was six, which indicated the presence of six populations. Based on the clustering analysis results, the 47 germplasm resources were segregated into six groups, with obvious clustering and some germplasm resources noted for having groups with close genetic relationships. We here established a more accurate and scientific sampling strategy for analyzing the genetic diversity of red sugar beet germplasm resources by using SSR molecular markers. The findings provide a reference for collecting and preserving red sugar beet germplasms and protecting their genetic diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Northwest A & F University - Natural Science Edition is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science Edition) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Indigenous chicken breeds from Fujian Province, China, exhibit unique and distinctive phenotypic characteristics, including morphology, behaviour, integumentary pigmentation, feather colouration, and production performance. However, the underlying genetic basis governing these specific traits remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the population structure of six Fujian local chicken breeds [Bairong chickens (BRCs), Jinhu chickens (JHCs), Minqing chickens (MQCs), Dehua chickens (DHCs), Xiangdong chickens (XDCs), and Hetian chickens (HTCs)] in terms of their genetic resources within the province. The whole-genome resequencing revealed 8 678 612 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a cohort of 36 chickens. The results revealed a partial mismatch between the clustering patterns and geographic distributions of the six populations, with BRC displaying a noticeable genetic divergence from other chickens. Moreover, the genetic distance between XDC and HTC in Longyan County was relatively close and converged with JHC, MQC, and DHC into a subgroup. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the intrinsic characteristics and utilisation prospects of chicken germplasm resources in Fujian Province.

Objective: To explore the potential biological activity of flavonoid components in Chinese olive (Canarium album Raeusch.), and the differences in flavonoid components among different germplasm resources of Chinese olive. Methods: The bioactive flavonoid components were identified using network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis, and the accumulation levels of flavonoid components in the germplasm resources were studied by metabolomics. Results: A total of 44 flavonoid components were identified, and 18 potential bioactive flavonoids and 180 targets for them were selected through the TCMSP database, drug-likeness and oral bioavailability. Luteolin, quercetin, catechin and epicatechin were found to be important components that could potentially affect the pharmacological activity of Chinese olive. The 35 key targets identified based on the connectivity between flavonoid components and their targets were enriched in 348 Gene Ontology (GO) terms and 136 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signal pathways, involving pharmacological activities such as anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory function, blood glucose regulation, and liver protection. Through molecular docking and visual analysis, stable combinations between the selected bioactive flavonoid components of Chinese olive and the key targets were found. Conclusion: The integration of metabolomics and network pharmacology can provide a scientific basis for exploring the medicinal value of Chinese olive. Flavonoids of Chinese olive exert various pharmacological activities through a multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway mechanism.

Copyright of Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University is the property of Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Northwest A & F University - Natural Science Edition is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science Edition) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Northwest A & F University - Natural Science Edition is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science Edition) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] It is of strategic significance for Minqin’s industrial development to screen out the high-yield and high-oil cyperus rotundus suitable for planting in Minqin’ s desert areas. [Method] Ten different germplasm resources of Cyperus esculentus were introduced, their emergence rate, yield and oil content were observed, and the yield and oleic acid content of C. esculentus germplasm resources from different provenances were analyzed by SPSS Software, as well as the linoleic acid and linolenic acid contents, which could not be synthesized by the human body but must be supplemented from the diet. [Result] The yields of C. esculentus from different provenances were different. Their contents of oleic acid and linoleic acid were significantly different. For the 10 C. esculentus germplasm resources introduced from different provenances, their germination rates were all beyond 90% and the yields were all more than 6 000. 0 kg / hm² . Among the 10 germplasm resources, the oleic acid contents of 4 resources were within the range of optimal edible oil fatty acids. Their contents of linoleic acid and linolenic acid were in the order of Henan species>Spain species> Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 6 > Wuhan No. 1. [Conclusion] Therefore, Henan species, Spain species, Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 6 and Wuhan No. 1 were the optimal C. esculentus germplasm resources adaptable to Minqin desert area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant phenotype assessment approaches have facilitated crop improvement in recent years by providing opportunities for the dissection of complex nature quantitative traits. Fiber quality and yield are significant economic traits with a complex nature mainly due to interactions between its genetic architecture and the surrounding environment. These economic traits showed stagnant performance in recent decades due to eroded genetic diversity via the selection process. It necessitates exploiting conserved germplasm resources to rebuild genetic diversity within cotton cultivars. Compared to the conventional univariate selection methods using a single trait at a time, the multivariate analysis extends its selection to multiple variables for the selection of genotypes. In evaluating a core collection of cotton over two years using various phenotyping methods, multivariate analysis, particularly principal component analysis (PCA), was employed to assess genetic diversity. The PCA analysis demonstrated substantial variability of 39.83% and 45.37% across two years, highlighting a significant impact on yield and fiber quality attributes. The cumulative eigenvalues of principal components exceeding 80% supported the classification of accessions into six distinct groups based on their trait variability. Both PCA and cluster analysis successfully categorized accessions into six groups, indicating high diversity and suggesting their potential utility in breeding programs. The diverse genotypes identified in this study would be potential resources for variety development and accelerated breeding programs, particularly focusing on stress resilience under climate change scenarios. By utilizing these diverse genotypes, there is an opportunity to enhance breeding strategies and accelerate the development of improved cotton varieties with enhanced yield and fiber quality attributes. The significance of our study lies in its demonstration of the importance of genetic diversity in improving yield and fiber quality attributes, thus underscoring its relevance to cotton breeding programs.

Copyright of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences is the property of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] The phenotypic traits of 385 sugarcane germplasms were compared to provide reference for mining and utilizing excellent sugarcane germplasm resources and breeding sugarcane varieties with strong adaptability in Guangxi. (Method) A total of 385 sugarcane germplasms collected from Guangxi, Guangdong, Yannan and Taiwan of China as well as America were planted in the field by barrel planting. The differences and correlations of five important phenotypic traits, including effective stalk number, stalk diameter, leaf length, leaf width and brix, were analyzed in the early stage of sugarcane maturity. The phenotypic traits were comprehensively evaluated, and the excellent sugarcane germplasms with strong adaptability were screened out. [Result] Sugarcane germplasms from different sources had rich genetic diversity, and their phenotypic traits showed great differences. The results of phenotypic evolution trend analysis showed that the brix of sugarcane germplasms in Guangdong and Yunnan of China as well as America showed the increasing trend, reaching the highest value in generation 4 or 5, and the leaf length of sugarcane germplasms in Guangxi and Yunnan of China as well as America increased to different extents. Correlation analysis showed that leaf length had a significant positive correlation with brix and effective stalk number (P<0.05, the same as below), and had extremely significant positive correlation with stalk diameter (P<0.01, the same as below). There was a significant positive correlation between leaf width and leaf length, and extremely significant positive correlation with the number of effective stalk. Brix was extremely positively correlated with the number of effective stalks, but significantly negatively correlated with stem diameter. The 365 sugarcane germplasms were divided into 11 groups by cluster analysis. Among them, 14 sugarcane germplasms such as Guitang 23, Guitang 32, Guitang 37 and Guitang 44 were clustered into group V, and the combined performance on phenotypic traits such as brix, stalk diameter and effective stalk number were better than other groups. [Conclusion] 385 sugarcane germplasms had rich genetic basis. There were significant or extremely significant correlations between leaf traits and the components of sugar production, and there were mutual constraints between the components of sugar production. Fourteen early-maturing sugarcane germplasms were screened, including Guitang 23, Guitang 32, Guitang 37 and Guitang 44, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lagerstroemia is a native plant in China, which has been cultivated for more than 1 500 years. It is an excellent summer flower woody plant, and is widely used in urban landscaping because of its beautiful color, long flowering period and the advantage of purifying air. The germplasm resources of Lagerstroemia indica are extremely rich. There are about 60 species of Lagerstroemia in the world, 40% of which are in China. The results of national and regional investigations have laid a good foundation for the study of L. indica. In recent years, the cultivation and application of new cultivars have been increased in various regions. The breeding method is mainly traditional breeding, and many new cultivars with good characters and high market value have been cultivated. With the rapid development of breeding technology and molecular biology, a breakthrough has been made in the researches on molecular assisted breeding of L. indica. In this paper, the classification research, germplasm resources, breeding research and introduction and application of L. indica were reviewed. We systematically sorted out the germplasm resources of L. indica in China, including 24 wild species and 350 cultivars, discussed the research process and development trend of breeding of L. indica at home and abroad, and summarized the current situation of introduction and application research. In regard to the current research status of L. indica, this paper offered reflections on future research directions to enhance investigations of L. indica, improve germplasm resource banks, and establish information sharing channels; efforts on breeding should be expanded beyond flower color, fragrance, plant type, resistance and extension of flowering period; and biological and intelligent technologies should be leveraged to strengthen breeding techniques and accelerate innovation in L. indica germplasms. Continuous application forms for L. indica resources should be developed according to local conditions to fully realize their value.

Saxifraga Tourn. ex L. is rich in species diversity with about 440-500 species and broad distribution. The taxonomical issues of this genus have been continuously concerned by the botanists. Saxifraga has important ornamental and medicinal values. Some of European countries have made great efforts on the exploitation and utilization of its ornamental resources. China is one of the diversity centers of Saxifraga, but it has been lagged far behind Europe, USA and even Japan in exploitation and utilization on ornamental value of this genus. The world breeding work in Saxifraga started 150 years ago. By the end of 2022, the 1 692 names of cultivars had been on-line listed by The Saxifrage Society, but only one came from China. In this paper, the germplasm resources of Saxifraga, and progress on its classification and breeding are reviewed, and also the utilization of its ornamental resources is briefly introduced, which will provide an important reference for taxonomical research, breeding and application of this genus in China. The results are as follows: (1) Saxifraga is rich in germplasms, but many scientific issues remain in the evolutionary relationships of its subordinate systems, which require a systematic and in-depth investigation by integrating morphological and molecular biology methods. (2) The cultivars of this genus are mainly raised through cross-breeding and mutant selection, and the majority of cultivars are from the UK, Czech Republic, Germany, and the Netherlands. (3) The breeding of Saxifraga started very late in China, with only few cultivars from one breeding method.

[Objective] The study of genetic diversity in oat germplasm resources not only contributes to the collection and evaluation of germplasm resources, but also has important guiding significance for the production and breeding of oats. [Methods] This study analyzed the diversity, variation, and clustering of 20 morphological traits in 260 oat germplasm resources, evaluated the genetic variation level of their morphological traits, and examined the traits and genetic diversity of oat germplasm resources, aiming to provide a basis for oat germplasm innovation and variety improvement. [Results] There was a significant genetic diversity of morphological traits in the 260 oat germplasm resources. The genetic diversity index of the qualitative traits was the highest in grain color (1.53) and the lowest in awn color (0.76). The genetic diversity index of the 12 quantitative traits was normally distributed, and that of the quantitative traits was the largest in thousand grain weight (2.03) and the smallest in effective tillers (1.22). The highest variable coefficient was the effective tillering number (89.02%), while the lowest was the plant height (11.19%). According to genetic difference of each characteristic varieties, the 260 accessions should be classified into 6 categories by cluster analysis. Germplasm group Ⅰ included 42 accessions which could be used as parent materials for seed type selection. Germplasm group Ⅱ had 31 accessions that could be used as parent materials for breeding high-yield forage varieties. Germplasm group Ⅳ includes 41 accessions that could be used for breeding large grain varieties. Germplasm group Ⅴ includes 46 accessions that could be used as parents for oat dwarfing. Germplasm group Ⅲ included 46 accessions and group Ⅵ included 54 accessions, and both were not outstanding in comprehensive characters analyzed. [Conclusion] This study could provide theoretical basis for the protection, development and utilization of oat germplasm resources in eastern Inner Mongolia.

By using 14 SSR primer pairs, we here analyzed and compared the amplification results of 534 DNA samples from six red sugar beet germplasm resources under three treatments. These data were used to explore the sampling strategy for the aforementioned resources. Based on the sampling strategy results, 21 SSR primer pairs were used to evaluate the genetic diversity of 47 red sugar beet germplasm resources. The six population genetic parameters used for exploring the sampling strategy unveiled that individual plants within the population had a relatively large genetic distance. The genetic parameters Ne, I, and Nei’s of the randomly mixed sampling samples increased rapidly between 10 and 30 plants before decreasing. Therefore, when SSR technology was used to analyze the genetic diversity of the red sugar beet germplasm resources, the optimal sampling gradient for each population was the adoption of a random single-plant mixed sampling sample of no less than 10 plants and no more than 30 plants. The 21 SSR primer pairs were used to detect genetic diversity in 30 random mixed samples of 47 resources. The average polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.5738, the average number of observed alleles (Na) was 4.1905, the average number of effective alleles (Ne) was 2.8962, the average Shannon’s information index (I) was 1.1299, the average expected heterozygosity (Nei’s) was 0.6127, and the average expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.6127. The genetic distance of the 47 germplasm resources ranged from 0.0225 to 0.551 (average: 0.316). According to the population structure analysis, the most suitable K value was six, which indicated the presence of six populations. Based on the clustering analysis results, the 47 germplasm resources were segregated into six groups, with obvious clustering and some germplasm resources noted for having groups with close genetic relationships. We here established a more accurate and scientific sampling strategy for analyzing the genetic diversity of red sugar beet germplasm resources by using SSR molecular markers. The findings provide a reference for collecting and preserving red sugar beet germplasms and protecting their genetic diversity.

Lagerstroemia is a native plant in China, which has been cultivated for more than 1 500 years. It is an excellent summer flower woody plant, and is widely used in urban landscaping because of its beautiful color, long flowering period and the advantage of purifying air. The germplasm resources of Lagerstroemia indica are extremely rich. There are about 60 species of Lagerstroemia in the world, 40% of which are in China. The results of national and regional investigations have laid a good foundation for the study of L. indica. In recent years, the cultivation and application of new cultivars have been increased in various regions. The breeding method is mainly traditional breeding, and many new cultivars with good characters and high market value have been cultivated. With the rapid development of breeding technology and molecular biology, a breakthrough has been made in the researches on molecular assisted breeding of L. indica. In this paper, the classification research, germplasm resources, breeding research and introduction and application of L. indica were reviewed. We systematically sorted out the germplasm resources of L. indica in China, including 24 wild species and 350 cultivars, discussed the research process and development trend of breeding of L. indica at home and abroad, and summarized the current situation of introduction and application research. In regard to the current research status of L. indica, this paper offered reflections on future research directions to enhance investigations of L. indica, improve germplasm resource banks, and establish information sharing channels; efforts on breeding should be expanded beyond flower color, fragrance, plant type, resistance and extension of flowering period; and biological and intelligent technologies should be leveraged to strengthen breeding techniques and accelerate innovation in L. indica germplasms. Continuous application forms for L. indica resources should be developed according to local conditions to fully realize their value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The soybean is an important feed, industrial raw material, and food crop in the world due to its rich components. There is a long history of soybean cultivation with different types and rich resources in the Zhejiang province of China. It is important to understand genetic diversity as well as phenotypic variation for soybean breeding. The objective of this study was to analyze both genetic and phenotypic characteristics of the 78 soybean landraces collected, and to explore a potential advantage of germplasm resources for further application. These 78 autumn-type soybean landraces have been propagated, identified, and evaluated in both 2021 and 2022. There were agronomic, quality, and genetic variations according to the comprehensive analyses. There was a good consistency between seed size and seed coat color. There were significant differences of seed protein, fat, and sugar contents based upon the seed coat color. These soybean landraces were genotyped using 42 simple sequence repeat markers and then clustered into two groups. The two groups had a consistency with the seed coat color. This study gave us a combined understanding of both the phenotypic variation and the genetic diversity of the soybean landraces. Therefore, the reasonable crossing between different soybean types is highly recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saxifraga Tourn. ex L. is rich in species diversity with about 440-500 species and broad distribution. The taxonomical issues of this genus have been continuously concerned by the botanists. Saxifraga has important ornamental and medicinal values. Some of European countries have made great efforts on the exploitation and utilization of its ornamental resources. China is one of the diversity centers of Saxifraga, but it has been lagged far behind Europe, USA and even Japan in exploitation and utilization on ornamental value of this genus. The world breeding work in Saxifraga started 150 years ago. By the end of 2022, the 1 692 names of cultivars had been on-line listed by The Saxifrage Society, but only one came from China. In this paper, the germplasm resources of Saxifraga, and progress on its classification and breeding are reviewed, and also the utilization of its ornamental resources is briefly introduced, which will provide an important reference for taxonomical research, breeding and application of this genus in China. The results are as follows:(1) Saxifraga is rich in germplasms, but many scientific issues remain in the evolutionary relationships of its subordinate systems, which require a systematic and in-depth investigation by integrating morphological and molecular biology methods.(2)The cultivars of this genus are mainly raised through cross-breeding and mutant selection, and the majority of cultivars are from the UK, Czech Republic, Germany, and the Netherlands.(3)The breeding of Saxifraga started very late in China, with only few cultivars from one breeding method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences is the property of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

【Objective】Zengcheng has a long history of planting litchi, and is one of the high-quality litchi producing areas in Guangdong, therefore it is of great significance to systematically collect, identify and evaluate their germplasm resources.【Method】A systematically investigation was conducted on the local litchi resources and ancient litchi resources in six villages in Zengcheng District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province.【Result】Information of a total of 160 individual plants was collected, including 45 litchi seedlings, and the fruit characters of 26 fruiting trees were analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that the seeds of litchi seedlings were mostly full, with low wilted-nut rate (below 25%), low edible rate (below 75%), sour taste and morerately small fruits. However, six representative litchi germplasm resources with high specificity or comprehensive quality were screened out, and their fruits had the characteristics of high wilted-nut rate (93%), long tree-keeping period, early ripening period, purple peel, strong fragrance and special taste, indicating that there were germplasm resources with excellent comprehensive characteristics and specificity in Zengcheng, Guangdong. In regard to the investigation of ancient trees, 18 representative sample sites were selected for systematic investigation, and biological characteristics of 115 ancient litchi trees were collected, and their habitat distribution characteristics and productivity were analyzed. The results showed that the fruit types of ancient trees are relatively single, and the main high-quality varieties were 'Nuomici', 'Guiwei' and 'Huaizhi'. The maximum height of the tree was 25 m, the average height was 9.8 m, the maximum trunk girth was 410 cm, the average trunk girth was 220 cm, and the average crown width was 11.5 m× 12.0 m from north to south. It was speculated that the ages of ancient litchi trees in Lanxi, Zengcheng were mostly between 100 years and 500 years, and the oldest was not more than 1 000 years. The ancient trees showed good yield performance, and the yields distributed in the downhill foothills and plains were high, most with 100 kg, up to a maximum of 300 kg.【Conclusion】Based on the investigation of litchi germplasm resources in Lanxi, Zengcheng, Guangdong Province, six specific or excellent seedling litchi germplasm resources are identified and evaluated according to their fruit characteristics, and the survival status and age of ancient litchi resources are analyzed, and relevant suggestions on resource protection and utilization are put forward. The research results can provide references for exploration and innovative application germplasm resources in Zengcheng, Guangdong Province.

Brassica napus is a dominant field crop for repairing and utilizing saline-alkali land. In order to dissect the genetic basis of salt tolerance during germination and obtain germplasm resources in Brassica napus, different concentrations of NaCl solution (200, 250 and 300 mmol/L) were used to seeds of a previously constructed recombinant inbred line population (RIL), and the germination rates on the 3rd day and 7th day were counted for QTL mapping and candidate gene analysis. The results showed that the germination rate of RIL population showed continuous distribution under different salt concentrations. A total of 17 QTLs were detected under 6 treatments in this study, with the phenotypic variation range from 3.75% to 17.57% explained by a single QTL. Among them, 4 QTLs (cqST.C3-1, cqST.C3-2, cqST. C3-3 and cqST. C3-4) on chromosome C3, which explained more than 10% phenotypic variation in single or multiple treatments, were considered as the main QTLs. Combined with the re-sequencing results of the two parents and the functional annotation of Arabidopsis homologous genes, 5 candidate genes related to salt tolerance were identified under the 4 major QTLs confidence intervals, which could be stably expressed under different treatment conditions. In addition, according to the above results, it was considered that the germination rate under 250 mmol/L NaCl solution on the 7th day could be used as an index for the identification of salt tolerance at germination stage, and 5 excellent salt-tolerant germplasm with a germination rate of 82.22%-100% were obtained using this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current potato germplasm resource preservation landscape, in vitro methods have gained widespread acceptance. Exploring the preservation conditions for extending the subculture cycle of test-tube seedlings can effectively reduce the risk and preservation cost. In this study, six different genotypes of potato materials were selected from the germplasm resources, and the effects of pre-rooting, temperature, sucrose concentration and subculture method on the preservation of potato test-tube seedlings were investigated using plant status, plant height and survival rate as indicators to explore the widely applicable conditions for long-term low temperature preservation of potato testtube seedlings. Test- tube seedlings without pre- rooting treatment showed minimal growth on the 60th day of low temperature preservation and eventually died, suggesting that pre- rooting treatment is essential for the successful low temperature preservation of test-tube seedlings. The growth rate of test-tube seedlings at 4℃ was slower compared to those at 7℃, and the plant height was obviously smaller on the 90th day. However, the survival rate of test-tube seedlings from four different materials at 7℃ was 100%, while it was only 53.75% at 4℃, indicating that a temperature of 7℃ is more suitable for preserving potato germplasm resources with various genotypes. Furthermore, the plant height of test- tube seedlings in a medium with 8% sucrose on the 90th day was obviously lower than those with 4% sucrose. Survival statistics revealed that all test-tube seedlings in the medium with 4% sucrose died after being stored at a temperature of 7℃ for 270 days, whereas there was still a survival rate of approximately 61.25% for those in an 8% sucrose concentration medium. These findings suggest that an 8% sucrose concentration could prolong the low temperature preservation time for potato test-tube seedlings. In short, using a sucrose concentration of 8% in combination with an ambient temperature of 7℃ could be effective for long-term low temperature preservation of most potato lines. Additionally, a subculture method involving test tube culture seeding and alternate box culture seedling was explored, which effectively improved the preservation of weak-growth germplasm resources and increased their survival rate from 22.50% (test tube culture seeding) to 95.00% (alternate subculture of test-tube culture seedlings-box culture seedlings) on the 90th day of low temperature preservation. This research provides valuable guidance for optimizing the conditions required for long-term preservation of potato germplasm resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oats (Avena sativa L.) are mostly used as a germplasm resource for forage. This experiment showed the differences in the nutrient composition and the forage quality of five wild leather oat populations from Israel and one cultivated leather oat population from China. It also showed the correlation of the indicators with the geo-environmental factors in the places of origin of the six populations that were analysed. Three replicated experiments were conducted during a three-year period from 2018.10 to 2020.03, mainly from 11 indicators of nutrient composition and forage quality. In this experiment, Spearman's correlation was used to analyse the differences between different groups (p < 0.05), the relationship between components was analysed by principal component analysis (PCA), and the kinship relationship between six groups was also analysed based on the data of 11 components. In terms of nutrient content, the cultivated group Hu had significantly lower ash (8.92%), crude protein (11.96%), and soluble sugar content (10.51%) than the wild oat groups. In terms of forage quality, the lignin content (3.31%) of the Hu population was 2.3 times higher than that of Evolution Canyon, and the fibre content was 8 times higher than that of Sede Boqer. This indicates that wild oats have better nutritional value and palatability. Following the correlation analysis, it was found that the environmental factors of the origin had a significant effect on the indexes of ash, crude protein, and soluble sugar of oat straw, but had less effect on the content of crude fat, total phosphorus, and total potassium. Meanwhile, the annual rainfall and the number of rainfall days in the origin had a significant effect on the fibre content. In conclusion, the higher variability of wild oat populations due to the influence of different environmental and geographical factors may be a new possibility brought by forage oats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]Zengcheng has a long history of planting litchi, and is one of the high-quality litchi producing areas in Guangdong, therefore it is of great significance to systematically collect, identify and evaluate their germplasm resources. [Method]A systematically investigation was conducted on the local litchi resources and ancient litchi resources in six villages in Zengcheng District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province.[Result]Information of a total of 160 individual plants was collected, including 45 litchi seedlings, and the fruit characters of 26 fruiting trees were analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that the seeds of litchi seedlings were mostly full, with low wilted-nut rate (below 25%), low edible rate (below 75%), sour taste and morerately small fruits. However, six representative litchi germplasm resources with high specificity or comprehensive quality were screened out, and their fruits had the characteristics of high wilted-nut rate (93%), long treekeeping period, early ripening period, purple peel, strong fragrance and special taste, indicating that there were germplasm resources with excellent comprehensive characteristics and specificity in Zengcheng, Guangdong. In regard to the investigation of ancient trees,18 representative sample sites were selected for systematic investigation, and biological characteristics of 115 ancient litchi trees were collected, and their habitat distribution characteristics and productivity were analyzed. The results showed that the fruit types of ancient trees are relatively single, and the main high-quality varieties were ‘Nuomici’, ‘Guiwei’ and ‘Huaizhi’. The maximum height of the tree was 25 m, the average height was 9.8 m, the maximum trunk girth was 410 cm, the average trunk girth was 220 cm, and the average crown width was 11.5 m× 12.0 m from north to south. It was speculated that the ages of ancient litchi trees in Lanxi, Zengcheng were mostly between 100 years and 500 years, and the oldest was not more than 1 000 years. The ancient trees showed good yield performance, and the yields distributed in the downhill foothills and plains were high, most with 100 kg, up to a maximum of 300 kg.[Conclusion]Based on the investigation of litchi germplasm resources in Lanxi, Zengcheng, Guangdong Province, six specific or excellent seedling litchi germplasm resources are identified and evaluated according to their fruit characteristics, and the survival status and age of ancient litchi resources are analyzed, and relevant suggestions on resource protection and utilization are put forward. The research results can provide references for exploration and innovative application germplasm resources in Zengcheng, Guangdong Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flavonoids have anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anticarcinogenic effects. Breeding rice varieties rich in flavonoids can prevent chronic diseases such as cancer and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. However, most of the genes reported are known to regulate flavonoid content in leaves or seedlings. To further elucidate the genetic basis of flavonoid content in rice grains and identify germplasm rich in flavonoids in grains, a set of rice core collections containing 633 accessions from 32 countries was used to determine total flavonoid content (TFC) in brown rice. We identified ten excellent germplasms with TFC exceeding 300 mg/100 g. Using a compressed mixed linear model, a total of 53 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected through a genome-wide association study (GWAS). By combining linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis, location of significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), gene expression, and haplotype analysis, eight candidate genes were identified from two important QTLs (qTFC1-6 and qTFC9-7), among which LOC_Os01g59440 and LOC_Os09g24260 are the most likely candidate genes. We also analyzed the geographic distribution and breeding utilization of favorable haplotypes of the two genes. Our findings provide insights into the genetic basis of TFC in brown rice and could facilitate the breeding of flavonoid-rich varieties, which may be a prevention and adjuvant treatment for cancer and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】According to the market's demand for taste-type and fresh-eatable cabbage, more varieties of cabbage with good characters and in line with market supply and demand were selected by using its own germplasm resources.【Method】Using 13 Ougra sterile heading cabbage materials selected by the team as female parents and 10 inbred lines heading cabbage materials (GL14000-14009) as male parents, 14 heading cabbage hybrid combinations were prepared through hybridization, the experiments were compared and screened from the aspects of plant width, outer leaf number, longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, central column length, yield and disease resistance.【Result】After comparison, GL22-02, GL22-06, GL22-11 and GL22-13 were obtained, and their agrtural traits, quality and yield were better than those of the control Tejia No. 2. All the leaf bulbs were round, and the petiole-leaf ratio was 26.9%, 20.8%, 23.1% and 16.8%. It was better than that of control variety (31.3%). Leaf bulb compactness was 0.76, 0.73, 0.59 and 0.62 g/cm3, which was more than 0.16 g/cm3 higher than that of the control variety. The central column length was less than half of the leaf bulb height, 4.9, 4.3, 4.8 and 4.6 cm, respectively. The moisture contents were 93.22%, 94.17%, 93.75% and 93.61%, protein contents were 1.51%, 1.28%, 1.39% and 1.36%, respectively. The soluble sugar content were 5.61%, 5.69%, 5.56% and 5.84%, respectively, which were 0.14-0.37 percentage point higher than that of the control variety. The crude cellulose content were 0.61%, 0.71%, 0.69% and 0.67%, respectively, which were 0.08-0.18 percentage point lower than that of the control variety. The vitamin C contents were 682.3, 687.1, 699.1 and 682.3 mg/kg, respectively, which were 48.4-65.2 mg/kg higher than the control variety. After edible quality identification, four hybrid materials of heading cabbage were selected, the leaf balls were raw (fresh) to eat, crisp texture, sweet taste. The black rot disease resistance of the composite materials was high (HR), the same as that of the control.The yield was 4.80%, 8.46%, 10.97% and 8.46% higher than that of control Tejia No. 2.【Conclusion】The four composite materials GL22-02, GL22-06, GL22-11 and GL22-13 were selected. They both had agronomic and economic characters, which can be used for production demonstration in large scale.

Copyright of Forest Research is the property of Forest Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Germplasm resources are the source of herbal medicine production. The cultivation of superior germplasm resources helps to resolve the conflict between long-term population persistence and growing market demand by consistently producing materials with high quality. The fern species Cibotium barometz is the original plant of cibotii rhizoma ("Gouji"), a traditional Chinese medicine used in the therapy of pain, weakness, and numbness in the lower extremities. Long-history medicinal use has caused serious wild population decline in China. Without sufficient understanding of the species and lineage diversity of Cibotium, it is difficult to propose a targeted conservation scheme at present, let alone select high-quality germplasm resources. In order to fill such a knowledge gap, this study sampled C. barometz and relative species throughout their distribution in China, performed genome skimming to obtain plastome data, and conducted phylogenomic analyses. We constructed a well-supported plastome phylogeny of Chinese Cibotium, which showed that three species with significant genetic differences are distributed in China, namely C. barometz, C. cumingii, and C. sino-burmaense sp. nov., a cryptic species endemic to NW Yunnan and adjacent regions of NE Myanmar. Moreover, our results revealed two differentiated lineages of C. barometz distributed on the east and west sides of a classic phylogeographic boundary that was probably shaped by monsoons and landforms. We also evaluated the resolution of nine traditional barcode loci and designed five new DNA barcodes based on the plastome sequence that can distinguish all these species and lineages of Chinese Cibotium accurately. These novel findings on a genetic basis will guide conservation planners and medicinal plant breeders to build systematic conservation plans and exploit the germplasm resources of Cibotium in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pre-harvest sprouting is a serious problem in global agricultural production. After a long period of domestication, the dormancy level of cultivated crops is generally lower than that of wild ancestors. Although the shortening of dormancy period may increase the reproductive generation and agricultural production value of crops, premature dormancy release will cause crop sprouting before harvest, resulting in huge economic losses. In this paper, the physiological mechanism, QTL and genes, prevention and control of pre-harvest sprouting are systematically reviewed. It is believed that high water content is the precondition of rice seed germination and pre-harvest sprouting, during this process, the increases of amylase activity and soluble sugar content provide energy for pre-harvest sprouting; the contents of plant hormones ABA and GA in rice grains and the sensitivity of seeds to them are the key factors to determine the pre-harvest germination. In recent years, the excavation of QTL and its functional genes related to pre-harvest sprouting will provide an important basis for clarifying the mechanism of pre-harvest sprouting in rice and breeding resistant varieties. In the long run, through extensive evaluation of rice germplasm resources, especially searching for the lost dormancy genes in wild rice and local varieties, and gathering such genes through molecular breeding, breeding lines (varieties) resistant to sprouting, it is of great significance to solve the problem of sprouting, improve rice yield and quality, and ensure national food security.

[Objective] According to the market’s demand for taste-type and fresh-eatable cabbage, more varieties of cabbage with good characters and in line with market supply and demand were selected by using its own germplasm resources. [Method] Using 13 Ougra sterile heading cabbage materials selected by the team as female parents and 10 inbred lines heading cabbage materials (GL14000-14009) as male parents, 14 heading cabbage hybrid combinations were prepared through hybridization, the experiments were compared and screened from the aspects of plant width, outer leaf number, longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, central column length, yield and disease resistance. [Result] After comparison, GL22-02, GL22-06, GL22-11 and GL22-13 were obtained, and their agrtural traits, quality and yield were better than those of the control Tejia No. 2. All the leaf bulbs were round, and the petiole-leaf ratio was 26.9%, 20.8%, 23.1% and 16.8%. It was better than that of control variety (31.3%). Leaf bulb compactness was 0.76, 0.73, 0.59 and 0.62 g/cm3, which was more than 0.16 g/cm3 higher than that of the control variety. The central column length was less than half of the leaf bulb height, 4.9, 4.3, 4.8 and 4.6 cm, respectively. The moisture contents were 93.22%, 94.17%, 93.75% and 93.61%, protein contents were 1.51%, 1.28%, 1.39% and 1.36%, respectively. The soluble sugar content were 5.61%, 5.69%, 5.56% and 5.84%, respectively, which were 0.14-0.37 percentage point higher than that of the control variety. The crude cellulose content were 0.61%, 0.71%, 0.69% and 0.67%, respectively, which were 0.08-0.18 percentage point lower than that of the control variety. The vitamin C contents were 682.3, 687.1, 699.1 and 682.3 mg/kg, respectively, which were 48.4-65.2 mg/kg higher than the control variety. After edible quality identification, four hybrid materials of heading cabbage were selected, the leaf balls were raw (fresh) to eat, crisp texture, sweet taste. The black rot disease resistance of the composite materials was high (HR), the same as that of the control.The yield was 4.80%, 8.46%, 10.97% and 8.46% higher than that of control Tejia No. 2. [Conclusion] The four composite materials GL22-02, GL22-06, GL22-11 and GL22-13 were selected. They both had agronomic and economic characters, which can be used for production demonstration in large scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Agronomica Sinica is the property of Crop Science Society of China and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Qualities (starch and reducing sugar contents) of 98 potato germplasm resources were tested, and 20 high starch germplasm materials (starch content ≥ 18.0%) and 39 low reducing sugar germplasm materials (reducing sugar content ≤ 0.20%) were identified and screened out in order to develop excellent processing potato genotypes and new varieties. According to the genetic relationship and the main characteristics of germplasm, the hybrid parents were selected to make the crosses of high starch × low reducing sugar, in which the cross of "Tianshu 10 × Kexin 17" with a high frequency of desired genotypes were identified. The contents of starch and reducing sugar, and fried potato chip colors of 239 progenies in F1 population in the cross were tested and analyzed, and a batch of genotypes with excellent traits were identified and selected, including 83 genotypes with starch content ≥ 18.0%, 56 genotypes with reducing sugar content ≤ 0.20% and 85 genotypes with fried chip color value ≤ 3.0. These excellent genotypes could be used as parental materials for breeding potato varieties with high starch and low reducing sugar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) has certain medicinal value in lowering blood sugar, lowering blood fat, antiviral and anti-tumor, and Mulberry is one of known species with the highest DNJ content. To take full advantage of medicinal benefits of mulberry, the internal relationships of the genetic diversity of SSR markers and DNJ content was assessed in this study, so as to provide the basis for the exploitation and breeding of mulberry resources with high DNJ content. The results showed that the DNJ content in the leaves of the 36 mulberry germplasm resources varied significantly, with the mean value of 1.2794 mg/g, the amplitude of 1.03–1.61 g/g, and the coefficient of variation of 0.1276. Polymorphism was found in by 5 pairs of SSR primers from 36 mulberry germplasm resources, and a total of 32 genotypes were deteced. The mean allele number was 3.8, the mean heterozygosity was 0.62, the polymorphic information content of 0.61. Cluster analysis based on the genetic distance of SSR markers showed that the tested 36 mulberry germplasm resources could be divided into 3 class, and the analysis based on DNJ content showed that they could be divided into 2 clades. Comparison of the two cluster analyses displayed that the DNJ content in mulberry germplasm resources of the same group was similar. The above results revealed that the genetic diversity of SSR markers was similar to the genetic diversity of DNJ content in mulberry leaf. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The soybean is an important feed, industrial raw material, and food crop in the world due to its rich components. There is a long history of soybean cultivation with different types and rich resources in the Zhejiang province of China. It is important to understand genetic diversity as well as phenotypic variation for soybean breeding. The objective of this study was to analyze both genetic and phenotypic characteristics of the 78 soybean landraces collected, and to explore a potential advantage of germplasm resources for further application. These 78 autumn-type soybean landraces have been propagated, identified, and evaluated in both 2021 and 2022. There were agronomic, quality, and genetic variations according to the comprehensive analyses. There was a good consistency between seed size and seed coat color. There were significant differences of seed protein, fat, and sugar contents based upon the seed coat color. These soybean landraces were genotyped using 42 simple sequence repeat markers and then clustered into two groups. The two groups had a consistency with the seed coat color. This study gave us a combined understanding of both the phenotypic variation and the genetic diversity of the soybean landraces. Therefore, the reasonable crossing between different soybean types is highly recommended.

Southern corn rust（SCR） is a highly destructive airborne fungal disease caused by Puccinia polysora Underw.,which seriously threatens maize production and food security.In recent years, due to the frequency of extreme weather and the lack of rust resistant germplasm resources, the SCR has become more serious.Therefore, it is crucial to have a deep understanding of the mechanism of SCR and effectively prevent and control the disease.This article systematically discussed the SCR occurrence and damage in worldwide, the pathogenesis regularity and symptoms, the reasons of occurrence of disease.Measures for preventing and controlling SCR are explored to achieve the improvement of corn yield and quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solanum chacoense, one of the most widely distributed and highly variable wild species, possesses numerous desirable characteristics such as resistance to bacterial wilt, potato virus Y (PVY), late blight, nematodes, and good processing quality. To make better use of this wild species, its basic characters were described from the classification, botanical characters and agronomic characters, and its important resistance resources and utilization in breeding were summarized, which would provide a reference for germplasm resources innovation and breeding utilization based on this wild species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]