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Coir fiber (COIRF) reinforced glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) functionalized ethylene butyl acrylate (CF‐EBA) composites (COIRF/CF‐EBA) were processed by extrusion and injection molding. A good COIRF/CF‐EBA interfacial adhesion was indicated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE‐SEM). Fourier Transform Infra‐Red (FTIR) spectroscopy established this adhesion emerging from etherification and hydrogen bonding between the functional groups of CF‐EBA and of COIRF. The composites exhibited higher tensile properties than pristine CF‐EBA, and also exhibited increase in their tensile properties with increase in COIRF contents in them. The storage modulus and loss modulus of the composites also increased as the amount of COIRF in them increased, but the values of these properties decreased with increasing temperature. Thermal stability of the composites was observed to be intermediate between that of COIRF and CF‐EBA. Highlights: Coir Fiber/Chemically Functionalized Ethylene Butylene Acrylate Composites.CF‐EBA/COIRF bonding by etherification and hydrogen bonding between them.The COIRF/CF‐EBA composites show higher properties than their CF‐EBA matrix.30/70 COIRF/CF‐EBA composite showed the highest tensile strength (10.93 MPa).COIRF/CF‐EBA composite show thermal stability upto approx. 245°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to add an epoxy-ended co-monomer to polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) emulsion adhesive-based wood adhesive to improve its resistance to heat and moisture. Here, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), vinyl neodecanoate (VeoVa), and vinyl acetate (VAc) emulsion copolymers have been created and evaluated as wood adhesives. To prepare the emulsion-based adhesive samples, a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution, aluminium chloride solution, preservatives, and a plasticizer are added. Following that, the poly(VAc–VeoVa–GMA) based adhesive sample is compared with the VAc, VeoVa, and methyl methacrylate (MMA) (poly(VAc-VeoVa-MMA)) co-polymer-based adhesive. Tensile shear strength of wood joints under dry and wet conditions was tested in compliance with EN 204-205 standard to assess the adhesives' performance. The EN 14257 standard, which defines the shear stress of wood joints at 80 °C, was used to assess the heat resistance of the wood adhesives. Tests on the hardness of films confirmed the results of differential scanning calorimetry, which indicated that the glass transition temperature in the GMA-based adhesive was significantly higher than in the MMA-based adhesive. After 6 h of bonding, EN 204 shows that the tensile shear strength of a GMA-based adhesive increased by 15.56% in a dry environment, by 16.67% in a wet environment and 37.84% heat resistance when compared to a co-polymer-based adhesive based on MMA. The approach that was developed provides a simple and useful way of developing adhesives with enhanced heat, water, and bonding strength resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To expand the potential applications of polylactic acid (PLA), it is essential to incorporate a highly flexible polymer into the blend. Polycaprolactone (PCL) is an ideal choice due to its ductility and biodegradability. However, blending PLA with PCL resulted in weak mechanical properties. To address this issue, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and nano calcium carbonate (NCC) were introduced to enhance the adhesion at the interface between PLA and PCL. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images provided clear visual evidence of the impact of GMA and NCC on the morphology of the blend. Both components were effective in reducing the size of the dispersed PCL phase, shrinking it to approximately half the size of the original blend. Spectroscopic analysis revealed that GMA caused a reaction between its epoxy group and the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of PLA and PCL. This reaction led to the formation of strong peaks in the 6.5 to 7.5 range in 1H NMR, as well as peaks at 76 and 139 ppm in 13C NMR. These findings were further corroborated by FT-IR, which demonstrated that NCC, despite its surface coating, did not create any new bonds. Rheological studies further demonstrated the positive effects of GMA and NCC. Both the storage modulus (G′) and complex viscosity (η*) of the blends increased, showing improved post-processing performance. Investigation into the shear-thinning behavior of the uncompatibilized blends revealed that NCC caused a significant decrease in complex viscosity at higher frequencies, indicating the disruption of the nanoparticle network. The power-law slope was measured to be 0.62. In contrast, the blend containing the compatibilizer demonstrated a moderate decrease in viscosity, with a power-law slope of 0.36. To analyze the behavior of the PLA/PCL blends in the presence of compatibilizers and nanoparticles at intermediate frequencies, the Palirene model was utilized. The superior integrity of the compatibilized blend was effectively demonstrated by the model, which showed enhanced stress transfer and phase relaxation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textile wastewater containing heavy metal ions has become a severe environmental problem worldwide. The combined uptake of heavy metals and dyes from wastewater discharged by different sectors is a challenging concept. This study explores the use of hybrid adsorbent based on magnetic chitosan (MC) and magnetic poly glycidyl methacrylate (Mp(GMA)) in adsorption technology, for simultaneous removal of Eriochrome Black T (EBT) dye and chromate anions from their binary aqueous solution. The adsorbent material was functionalized by loading diethylenetriamine (DETA) or dithizone to improve their adsorption capacity (R-DETA or R-Dithizone). The physicochemical characteristics of the materials have been characterized by a wide variety of analytical techniques. Pseudo-second order kinetic model and Langmuir adsorption isotherms were the best-fit models in the binary adsorption system. The co-presence of these anions in the binary solution increases the adsorption capacity of chromate and diminishes the EBT adsorption capacity of the investigated adsorbents (R-DETA and R-Dithizone). The adsorption capacity at monolayer saturation capacities (Langmuir) of R-DETA in binary system were 0.782 and 4.11 mmol g−1 towards EBT and chromate anions respectively, while R-Dithizone adsorbent recorded lower monolayer sorption capacity for EBT (0.490 mmol g−1) and higher sorption capacity for chromate 5.93 mmol Cr(VI) g−1 in the binary solution. The effects of competitive anions Cl−, NO3−, SO42−, and MnO4− on the adsorption of EBT and chromate anions in their binary mixture were examined. The good sorption ability of EBT and Cr(VI) anions against ionic interference supported their use in wastewater treatment applications. NaOH (0.5 M) proved the most effective for desorption from their binary mixture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shape-stable phase change materials (SSPCMs) are excellent for thermal energy storage applications. This study presents the first novel fluorescent switchable bio-smart SSPCMs incorporating waste. We used poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as the phase change material combined with leather waste (LW) and poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA). These composites achieved a relatively high shape fixity ratio (62–70%) and 100% shape recovery in both air (70 °C) and water (37 °C). They remained stable over a wide temperature range (−28.2 to 220 °C) and had high phase change enthalpies (86.8–149.7 J g−1). Composite PGL721 fully healed at 70 °C within 1.5 hours. By adding fluorescein and rhodamine B to PGL721, we created smart fluorescent SSPCMs, namely, FSSPCM1 and FSSPCM2. FSSPCM1 exhibited ON–OFF–ON fluorescence with heating, while FSSPCM2 showed ON–OFF fluorescence in the presence of Fe3+ ion (0.7 M). These smart fluorescent materials have promising applications in biomedical, textile, and soft robotic sensors and thermal storage application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water‐resistant porous solid foams expressing a high amount of benzene sulfonate moieties have been fabricated to enhance the adsorption of cationic aromatic pollutants from wastewaters by aromatic–aromatic interactions. Copolymers of sodium 4‐styrene sulfonate (NaSS) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) have been obtained and submitted to thermal treatment at 270 °C for 15 min. The influence of the solvent used in the copolymerization step on foamability and foam stability, when formed, has been studied. The use of water as cosolvent with N,N‐dimethyl formamide (DMF) inhibited foam formation. The use of DMF or DMF/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) = 1:1 as solvents allowed the expansion of copolymers, but the resulting foams are unstable in water, forming hydrogels. However, using DMF/DMSO = 5:1 as solvent, stable water‐resistant foams showing NaSS molar fractions of 43, 57, and 68% are obtained, showing high maximum capacity of 244, 435 and 588 mg g−1 and outstanding pseudo‐second‐order kinetic constants of 1.78, 4.49 and 5.64 g mg−1 min−1 toward adsorption of methylene blue (MB), between 2 and 5 orders‐of‐magnitude higher than referenced adsorbents. This is due to the highly exposed benzene sulfonate active sites / adsorbent mass ratio that induces strong aromatic–aromatic interactions with the cationic aromatic dye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on incorporating liquid molecules, different from the bulk solution, into the immobilized enzyme carrier to regulate the distribution effect and diffusion‐limiting impact of the carrier's microenvironment for substrates, which generally is difficult to achieve due to the instability of the materials with liquid inclusions. A freestanding liquid‐holding particle carrier, with bi‐component hydrophobic ionic liquid gel microspheres with poly (glycidyl methacrylate) as the network and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate as the dispersing medium, is proposed, which is stable in air aqueous solution, and can extract proteins and organic small molecules into its interior due to the mobility of its dispersing medium. Horseradish peroxidase is covalently immobilized into the microspheres, forming a liquid compartment enzyme microreactor. The microreactor exhibits superior stability, enzymatic activity, and catalytic performance for Basic Orange II degradation compared to free enzyme and liquid‐free immobilized enzymes. This is attributed to the biocompatibility of the ionic liquid, its role in substrate enrichment in its interior, and its rapid mass transfer capability. This contribution shows the effectiveness of regulating the carrier's microenvironment with liquid molecules, offering fresh perspectives and strategies for enzyme technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade, the task of developing environmentally friendly and cost-effective methods for obtaining stable superhydrophobic coatings has become topical. In this study, we examined the effect of the concentrations of filler and polymer binder on the hydrophobic properties and surface roughness of composite coatings made from organic–aqueous compositions based on hexyl methacrylate (HMA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) copolymers. Silicon dioxide nanoparticles were used as a filler. A single-stage "all-in-one" aerosol application method was used to form the coatings without additional intermediate steps for attaching the adhesive layer or texturing the substrate surface, as well as pre-modification of the surface of filler nanoparticles. As the ratio of the mass fraction of polymer binder (Wn) to filler (Wp) increases, the coatings show the lowest roll-off angles among the whole range of samples studied. Coatings with an optimal mass fraction ratio (Wn/Wp = 1.2 ÷ 1.6) of the filler to polymer binder maintained superhydrophobic properties for 24 h in contact with a drop of water in a chamber saturated with water vapor and exhibited roll-off angles of 6.1° ± 1°. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was grafted onto diatomite (DE) to improve the interfacial bonding between GMA and rubber using "one-step"/"two-step" methods, respectively. The hydroxyl group on DE and the amine group on γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) react with the epoxy group on GMA in a ring-opening reaction during the process. The modified diatomite was characterized and analyzed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), X-ray diffraction patterns, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Natural rubber/diatomite (NR/DE) composites were also prepared using a wet mixing method and investigated the interfacial interactions between different DE and NR in detail using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and rubber process analyzer (RPA). The result showed the improved mechanical properties of NR/DE composites for both "one-step" and "two-step" methods; however, the "two-step" method is found to be more effective. Compared with the unmodified NR/DE composites, the "two-step" modified NR/DE composites exhibited an increase in 37.8% tensile strength, 25.1% tear strength, 11.7% abrasion resistance, and 24% wet slip resistance, respectively. In addition to these, GMA has minimal effect on the elongation at break retention of the rubber composites after aging. These results showed valuable insights for the further application of diatomite in rubber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functional triblock copolymers (BCPs), i.e., poly(glycidyl methacrylate/methyl methacrylate)-b-poly(lauryl methacrylate)-b-poly(glycidyl methacrylate/methyl methacrylate) triblock copolymers [(P(GMA/MMA)-b-PLMA-b-P(GMA/MMA)], were investigated as toughening modifiers for all-methacrylate polymer blends. Methyl methacrylate (MMA) was copolymerized with methacrylic acid (MAA) in the presence of the BCPs. Without MAA in the polymethacrylate matrices, the BCP blends formed micron-scale phase structures by polymerization-induced phase separation. In matrices copolymerized with MAA, self-assembled nanostructures, such as curved lamellae, worm-like cylindrical micelles, or spherical micelles were formed. The BCP blends with worm-like cylindrical nano-micelles achieved much higher fracture toughness than those with spherical nano-micelles. The toughening mechanisms were elucidated by transmission electron microscopy. Cavitation was initiated in worm-like cylindrical nano-micelles, and the aligned cavitation formed craze-like deformation with increased loads. This relieves hydrostatic tensile stress in front of the crack tip, forming a large shear yield zone within the craze-like deformation region, contributing to high toughness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is aimed at developing a fibre-reinforced polymer composite with a high bio-based content and to investigate its mechanical properties. A novel basalt fibre-reinforced polymer (BFRP) composite with bio-based matrix modified with different contents of star-like n-butyl methacrylate (n-BMA) block glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) copolymer has been developed. n-BMA blocks have flexible butyl units, while the epoxide group of GMA makes it miscible with the epoxy resin and is involved in the crosslinking network. The effect of the star-like polymer on the rheological behaviour of the epoxy was studied. The viscosity of the epoxy increased with increase in star-like polymer content. Tensile tests showed no noteworthy influence of star-like polymer on tensile properties. The addition of 0.5 wt.% star-like polymer increased the glass transition temperature by 8.2 °C. Mode-I interlaminar fracture toughness and low-velocity impact tests were performed on star-like polymer-modified BFRP laminates, where interfacial adhesion and impact energy capabilities were observed. Interlaminar fracture toughness improved by 45% and energy absorption capability increased threefold for BFRP laminates modified with 1 wt.% of star-like polymer when compared to unmodified BFRP laminates. This improvement could be attributed to the increase in ductility of the matrix on the addition of the star-like polymer, increasing resistance to impact and damage. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy confirmed that with increase in star-like polymer content, the interfacial adhesion between the matrix and fibres improves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel hybrid network was synthesized in two steps: the first step involved the attachment of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) to octa(aminophenyl) silsesquioxane (OAPS) through a ring‐opening reaction, forming a hybrid dendrimer structure, and the second step involved the cross‐linking of hybrid dendrimer using an azobisisobutyronitrile initiator to create the final hybrid network of OAPS‐GMA. The synthesized hybrid material was comprehensively characterized using fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance ((1H, 13C, and 29Si NMR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The BET surface area was found to be 25.44 m2/g, and significant 2.341 cm3/g of total pore volume was observed. The TGA analysis shows that the material is highly stable up to 450 °C. The synthesized network demonstrated remarkable adsorption capacities for iodine and dyes. It exhibited an iodine adsorption capacity of 3.4 g/g from vapors and 874 mg/g from solution. Additionally, it showed significant adsorption capacities for Rhodamine B and Congo red, with values of 762 mg/g and 517 mg/g, respectively. This study not only provides a novel method for preparing GMA‐functionalized silsesquioxane‐based porous hybrid polymers but also contributes to advancing solutions for environmental pollution issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanocomposites of polylactic acid (PLA) and poly(ethylene‐octene) grafted with glycidyl methacrylate (POE‐g‐GMA) were prepared using multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as conductive nanofillers. The PLA/POE‐g‐GMA/MWCNT nanocomposites were processed through extrusion and injection molding for rheological, mechanical, electromagnetic, thermal, thermomechanical, and morphological characterization. The carbon nanotubes were dispersed in the PLA/POE‐g‐GMA chain, as seen by Raman spectroscopy. With higher MWCNT content, the complex viscosity (η*) and storage modulus (G') significantly increased in the nanocomposites, suggesting percolation formation. The nanocomposites melt flow index (MFI) results indicated lower fluidity, confirming the trend in η*. Electrical conductivity was optimal for PLA/POE‐g‐GMA/MWCNT (5 phr), reaching a value of 2.21 × 10−6 S/cm and providing electromagnetic shielding of 8 dB across the entire Ku band (12.2–18 GHz). The impact strength of the nanocomposites was higher than that of pure PLA and the PLA/POE‐g‐GMA blend, while the heat deflection temperature (HDT) remained stable at around 56°C. Increased MWCNT content in the nanocomposites promoted recovery of the elastic modulus, tensile strength, and Shore D hardness compared to PLA/POE‐g‐GMA blend. Overall, the results indicate that the PLA/POE‐g‐GMA/MWCNT (5 phr) nanocomposite has potential antistatic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Activation of the classical complement pathway is thought to contribute to the development and progression of glaucoma. The role of alternative complement or amplification pathways in glaucoma is not well understood. We evaluated complement factor B (FB) expression in postmortem human ocular tissues with or without glaucoma and the effect of FB inhibition and deletion in a mouse ocular hypertensive model of glaucoma induced by photopolymerized hyaluronic acid glycidyl methacrylate (HAGM). Methods: Human CFB mRNA in human eyes was assessed by RNAscope and TaqMan. HAGM model was performed on C57BL6/J mice. The effect of FB in HAGM model was evaluated with an oral FB inhibitor and Cfb−/− mice. Complement mRNA and proteins in mouse eyes were assessed by TaqMan and western blot, respectively. Results:CFB mRNA in human glaucomatous macular neural retina and optic nerve head was upregulated. Cfb mRNA is also upregulated in the HAGM model. Oral FB inhibitor, ED-79-GX17, dosed daily at 200 mg/kg for 3 days after intraocular pressure (IOP) induction in wild-type mice showed complement inhibition in ocular tissues and significantly inhibited systemic complement levels. Daily dosing of ED-79-GX17 for 30 days or Cfb deletion was also unable to prevent retinal ganglion cell or axon loss 30 days after IOP induction in mice. Conclusion: The alternative complement component FB may not substantially contribute to RGC loss in the HAGM mouse glaucoma model despite upregulation of Cfb expression and activation of the alternative pathway. The relevance of these findings to human glaucoma remains to be determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oriented antibody immobilization has been widely employed in immunoassays and immunodiagnoses due to its efficacy in identifying target antigens. Herein, a heptapeptide ligand, HWRGWVC (HC7), was coupled to poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) nanospheres (PGMA-HC7). The antibody immobilization behavior and antigen recognition performance were investigated and compared with those on PGMA nanospheres by nonspecific adsorption and covalent coupling via carbodiimide chemistry. The antibodies tested included bovine, rabbit, and human immunoglobulin G (IgG), while the antigens included horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and β-2-Microglobulin (β2-MG). The nanospheres were characterized using zeta potential and particle size analyzers, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and reversed-phase chromatography, proving each synthesis step was succeeded. Isothermal titration calorimetry assay demonstrated the strong affinity interaction between IgG and PGMA-HC7. Notably, PGMA-HC7 achieved rapid and extremely high IgG adsorption capacity (~3 mg/mg) within 5 min via a specific recognition via HC7 without nonspecific interactions. Moreover, the activities of immobilized anti-HRP and anti-β2-MG antibodies obtained via affinity binding were 1.5-fold and 2-fold higher than those of their covalent coupling counterparts. Further, the oriented-immobilized anti-β2-MG antibody on PGMA-HC7 exhibited excellent performance in antigen recognition with a linear detection range of 0–5.3 μg/mL, proving its great potential in immunoassay applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hexagonal boron nitride (HBN), an artificial material with unique properties, is used in many industries. This article focuses on the extent to which hexagonal boron nitride and silica nanoparticles (MSN) affect the physicochemical and mechanical properties and antimicrobial activity of prepared dental composites. In this study, HBN, and MSN were used as additives in dental composites. 5% and 10% by weight of HBN are added to the structure of the composite materials. FTIR analysis were performed to determine the components of the produced boron nitride powders, hexagonal boron nitride-containing composites, and filling material applications. The structural and microstructural properties of dental composites have been extensively characterized using X-ray diffractometry (XRD). Surface morphology and distributions of nano boron nitride were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-EDS. In addition, the solubility of dental composites in water and their stability in water and chemical solution (Fenton) were determined by three repetitive experiments. Finally, the antimicrobial activity of dental composites was detected by using Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) measurement, as well as Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) method against yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) method against bacteria strains, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Since the HMP series have better antimicrobial activity than the HP series, they are more suitable for preventing dental caries and for long-term use of dental composites. In addition, when HMP and HP series added to the composite are compared, HMP-containing dental composites have better physicochemical and mechanical properties and therefore have a high potential for commercialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to synthesize functionalized nanosupports via emulsion polymerization to develop new promising nanobiocatalyts via enzyme immobilizations. The co‐monomers methyl methacrylate, divinylbenzene and the epoxy monomer glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) were used. The performance of the nanobiocatlysts was evaluated in hydrolysis and esterification reactions after the immobilization of lipase B from Candida antarctica (CAL B). Firstly, the nanosupports functionalized in situ with 25% and 50% w/w of GMA were successfully synthesized. In esterification reactions, the nanobiocatalysts containing 25% (w/w) of GMA were more active, achieving 254 U.g−1, or an enzyme activity per area of 2.8 U.m−2; such value was higher than the one obtained when the commercial matrix Octadecyl Sepabeads was used (328 U.g−1, 2.4 U.m−2). Such results point out that there is an optimum concentration of GMA epoxide groups that should be incorporated into the supports. The greater enzymatic activity obtained for 25% of GMA nanobiocatalyst was achieved not only because of their textural properties, but also due to a favorable interaction between the epoxide groups and CAL B. These results highlight the potential use of the heterofunctional matrices for the synthesis of new market‐competitive biocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trichloroacetic acid is a common nonvolatile byproduct of drinking water disinfection and poses carcinogenic risks to the human body. In this study, four types of nano-oxide@microcrystalline-cellulose-based adsorbents (P25@microcrystalline cellulose, SiO₂@microcrystalline cellulose (MCC-g-GMA@SiO2), Fe3O4@microcrystalline cellulose, and Fe2O3@microcrystalline cellulose) were successfully prepared by the pre-radiation grafting-embedding method. Subsequently, their ability to remove trichloroacetic acid from drinking water was investigated. The micro zonation morphology and surface properties of the materials were characterized and tested using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization methods. The effects of monomer concentration, embedding concentration, and absorbed dose on the weight gain rate were systematically investigated. A complete static adsorption equilibrium curve was obtained on the basis of the results of adsorption experiments of four buried nano-oxides. The performance of SiO2@microcrystalline cellulose was found to be significantly higher than that of the other three adsorbents. When the volum percentage of monomer concentration was 30%, the mass percentage of embedding concentration was 4%, and the absorbed dose was 60 kGy, the removal rate of trichloroacetic acid in drinking water reached 83.27%. This series of adsorbent materials present significant potential for practical application in drinking water purification.

[Display omitted] In this paper, we present a facile method of synthesis and modification of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) brushes with 6-aminofluorescein (6AF) molecules. Polymer brushes were obtained using surface-grafted atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) and functionalized in the presence of triethylamine (TEA) acting both as a reaction catalyst and an agent preventing aggregation of chromophores. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), FTIR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to study the structure and formation of obtained photoactive platforms. UV-Vis absorption and emission spectroscopy and confocal microscopy were conducted to investigate photoactivity of chromophores within the macromolecular matrix. Owing to the simplicity of fabrication and good ordering of the chromophore in a thin nanometric layer, the proposed method may open new opportunities for obtaining light sensors, photovoltaic devices, or other light-harvesting systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the interfacial bonding between hollow microspheres (RiM01) and natural rubber (NR), the silane coupling agents γ‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) and γ‐methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH570) are used in this study as intermediate reaction platforms for the modification of (RiM01) with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), respectively. In the process, GMA reacts with KH550 and KH570 through epoxy group ring‐opening and free radical polymerization, respectively. Different NR/RiM01@GMA composites are prepared by a mechanical blending method. The results show that the addition of GMA improves the interfacial bonding between RiM01 and NR, and enhances the vulcanization rate and cross‐linking degree of the rubber composites. When KH550 is used as the reaction platform, the tensile strength of the rubber composites increases by 24% compared to composites with unmodified RiM01, while when KH570 is used, the tensile strength increases by 18%. Additionally, the tear strength and abrasion resistance of the rubber composites increase by 13% and 15%, respectively, when KH570 is used as the reaction platform. At the same time, the filler‐matrix interaction is strongest when KH570 is used as the reaction platform, and the rubber composites exhibit the lowest rolling resistance and the best resistance to heat and oxygen aging. Highlight: Modification of hollow microspheres by grafting GMA with KH550 and KH570, respectively.Improvement of rubber composite properties after modificationGMA improves the interfacial bonding between hollow microspheres and rubber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The methacrylated dextran (Dex-MA) with photo cross-linked property was prepared by grafting glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto dextran (Dex) via an ester exchange reaction. Curcumin (Cur) was loaded in the framework of zeolitic imidazolate framework material (ZIF-8) by “one-pot” method, and then the pH-responsive ZIF-8@Cur was synthesized directly. The photo cross-linked hydrogels (Dex-ZC) with good mechanical and antibacterial properties were prepared by introducing ZIF-8@Cur nanase into Dex-MA solution, adding photo initiator I2959 and initiating photo crosslinking through ultraviolet irradiation. The structure and morphology of Dex-MA, ZIF-8@Cur and Dex-ZC were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum, ultraviolet absorption spectrum, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, Xray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The mechanical properties and antibacterial properties of Dex-ZC were studied by tensile test and bacteriostatic ring test. Results showed that the release rate of ZIF-8@Cur was faster in acidic environment, and the cumulative release amount of Cur reached (72.98 ± 0.18)% within 24 h. Dex-ZC hydrogel had compact porous structure and good mechanical properties, which was caused by the addition of ZIF-8@Cur. The bacteriostatic ring test showed that the addition of positive charge ZIF-8@Cur made Dex-ZC hydrogel have excellent antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. This study provided more possibilities for the development of photo cross-linked hydrogel dressings on wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polybutylene succinate (PBS) is an aliphatic linear polyester that is known for its excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility, making it one of the most promising application polymers. However, its disadvantages of poor toughness, low thermostability, and high crystallinity limit its large-scale commercial applications. In this article, a novel epoxy-functionalized core–shell starch particle (CSP-GMA) is successfully synthesized by virtue of soap-free emulsion polymerization, which consists of a "hard" starch (St) core and a "soft" ethyl acrylate (EA) shell grafted with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). A binary blend of biodegradable polymers is prepared via a melt blend process with CSP-GMA as a core–shell particle modifier and PBS as a polymer matrix. The mechanical properties, thermal behavior, crystallization properties, stability and microscopic morphology of PBS/CSP-GMA blends are thoroughly studied. The incorporation of 20 wt% CSP-GMA into the PBS blend promotes an increase in the impact strength by 55% and the elongation at break by 173% higher than that of pure PBS respectively, which indicates that our work proposes an efficient strategy for fabricating PBS blends with good comprehensive properties and low cost. The DSC testing shows that the crystallinity of PBS blend is reduced in comparison to PBS, while the crystallization temperature is also decreased, confirming that CSP-GMA can facilitate the crystallization of PBS. The SEM observation reveals that owing to the compatibility arising between two phases interface due to the presence of epoxy group on core–shell starch particle surface, CSP-GMA is better dispersed in the PBS matrix, resulting in the improvement for performance of PBS blends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, epoxy-functionalized AES resins (GAES resins) were prepared by high-temperature solution polymerization, and FTIR spectrograms demonstrated the successful grafting of styrene (St), acrylonitrile (AN), and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto ethylene/propylene/diene mischpolymer (EPDM) rubbers. The influences of reaction conditions, i.e. the content of initiator and chain transfer agent, EPDM and GMA on the grafting ratio, composition of free copolymers, molecular weights and polymer dispersity index (PDI) of GAES resins were detaily investigated. The influence of GMA content on the thermal stabilities of GAES resins was also discussed. Experimental results showed that under the optimized experimental conditions, the highest grafting ratio of GAES resins reached to 39.2% and the grafting efficiency was 35.3%. Under the same reaction conditions, the molecular weights of free copolymers reached to 70,000 g mol−1. The initiator had no obvious influence on the composition of free copolymers, but the component of GMA in free copolymers increased gradually with increasing content of EPDM. Thermogravimetry (TG) analysis results indicated that the incorporation of GMA decreased the thermal stabilities of GAES resins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the preparation and characterization of Poly lactic acid (PLA)/Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) blends with the addition of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as a chain extender, as well as nanocomposites of compatibilized and uncompatibilized PLA/PCL with nanocalcium carbonate (NCC). The blend compositions included 2 and 3 phr of GMA, while the nanocomposites contained 7 and 9 phr of NCC. The samples were processed via melt mixing, and their crystallinity, tensile properties, morphology, permeability, migration, and rheology were analyzed. The addition of 3 phr of GMA and 9 phr of NCC resulted in a significant increase in the tensile modulus of the PLA/PCL (75/25) blend from 1800 MPa (for neat PLA) to 3400 MPa. AFM analysis revealed that GMA improved the barrier properties of the PLA/PCL nanocomposite by reducing the roughness of the material. Furthermore, GMA and NCC promoted a higher degree of network formation within the polymer blend, as evidenced by a 4.5% increase in gel content. The incorporation of 9 phr of NCC increased the crystallinity of the PLA/PCL blend from 1.2% to 4.85%, although this effect was mitigated when GMA was also present. Interestingly, the simultaneous use of GMA and NCC significantly reduced the total migration of the material, resulting in a weight loss percentage of only 1.2%, compared to samples containing only one additive. Ultimately, the oxygen permeability of the compatibilized nanocomposite with 9 phr of NCC was measured at 60 ( cm 3 mm m 2 day atm) , a value comparable to that of commonly used oil-based polymers such as PE and PP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancing interfacial adhesion in polypropylene (PP)/recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) blends is crucial for the effective mechanical recycling of these commercial plastic wastes. This study investigates the reactive extrusion of PP/rPET blends using a dual compatibilizer system comprising maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA) and various glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)-based compatibilizers. The effects of backbone structure and reactive group on the morphological, mechanical, and thermal characteristics were systematically studied. This study sheds light on the effective compatibilization mechanisms using characterization methods such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and morphological analyses (SEM). The results indicate that GMA-based compatibilizers play a bridging role between rPET and PP-g-MA, resulting in improved compatibility between the blend components. A combination of 3 phr PP-g-MA and 3 phr ethylene-methyl acrylate glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer (EMA-GMA) significantly improves interfacial adhesion, leading to synergistic enhancements of mechanical performance of the blend, up to 217% and 116% increases in elongation at break and impact strength, respectively, compared to the uncompatibilized sample. Moreover, a significant improvement in onset temperature for degradation is observed for the dual compatibilized sample, with 40 °C and 33 °C increases in onset temperature relative to the uncompatibilized and the single compatibilized samples. These findings underscore the immense potential of tailored multi-component compatibilizer systems for upgrading recycled plastic waste materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to assess the impact of diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (DPI) on the physicochemical properties of experimental resin composites (ECRs) featuring reduced concentrations of camphorquinone (CQ)/amine. Five concentrations of CQ (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 mol%) with dimethylaminoethyl amine benzoate (EDAB) in a 1:2 mol% ratio (CQ:EDAB) were incorporated into a 50:50 mass% monomer blend of bisphenol glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA) and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). An additional 5 groups with the same CQ:EDAB concentrations had 0.5 mol% DPI added. Each resin group contained 60 wt% of 0.7 µm barium-alumino-silicate glass. Light transmission (n = 3), real-time degree of polymerization (n = 3), temperature change during polymerization (n = 5), polymerization shrinkage strain (n = 3), flexural strength, and modulus (n = 12), as well as water sorption and solubility (n = 5), were evaluated. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (α = 0.05). Light transmission was reduced in groups containing 0.125 and 0.25 mol% of CQ without DPI. DPI increased temperature, degree and rate of polymerization, despite the reduction in CQ/amine concentration. Additionally, there was an increase in polymerization shrinkage strain, flexural strength and modulus, and a reduction in water sorption and solubility in ECRs with DPI, even with lower concentrations of CQ/EDAB. DPI improved the assessed properties of composites across various concentrations of CQ/EDAB, showing the benefit of reducing the quantity of CQ used without compromising the properties and curing of the resin composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To save the economic cost and improve the performance of enterprises, this study aims to synthesize high performance immobilized penicillin G acylase (PGA) carriers with fast reaction speed, high recovery rate of enzyme activity and good reusability through corresponding theoretical guidance and experimental exploration. Design methodology approach: A diblock resin was synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization method using N, N-diethylacrylamide (DEA) and β-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) as functional monomers poly(N, N-diethylacrylamide)-b-poly(β-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PDEA-b-PHEMA) was obtained, and the effect of the ratio of DEA and HEMA on the activity of PGA was investigated, and the appropriate block ratio of DEA and HEMA was obtained. After that, the competitive rate of HEMA and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) under the carrier preparation conditions was investigated. Based on the above work, a thermosensitive resin carrier PDEA-b-PHEMA-b-P(HEMA-co-GMA) with different target distances was synthesized, and the chemical structures and molecular weight of copolymers were investigated by hydrogen NMR (1H NMR). Findings: The lower critical solution temperature of the resin support decreases with the increase of the monomer HEMA in the random copolymerization; the catalytic performance study indicated that the response rate of the immobilized PGA is fast, and the recovery rate of the enzyme activity of the immobilized PGA varies with the distance between the targets. When the molar ratio of HEMA to GMA in the resin block is 8.15:1 [i.e. resin PDEA100-b-PHEMA10-b-P(HEMA65-co-GMA8)], the activity recovery rate of immobilized PGA can reach 50.51%, which was 15.49% higher than that of pure GMA immobilized PGA. Originality value: This contribution provides a novel carrier for immobilizing PGA. Under the optimal molar ratio, the enzyme activity recovery could be up to 50.51%, which was 15.49% higher than that of PGA immobilized on the carrier with nonregulated distance between two immobilization sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epoxy adhesives become very brittle after curing due to their high‐crosslinking degree. For increasing the toughness of epoxy adhesives, the addition of different toughening agents has been proposed. In this study the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)/dicyandiamide epoxy network has been modified by adding an emulsion latex containing core–shell rubber particles (CSPs) prepared by means of seeded emulsion polymerization. The CSPs consist of poly (butyl acrylate) (PBA) as core and methyl methacrylate (MMA) copolymerized with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as shell. The effects of adding various amounts of the emulsion latex on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, adhesion, and microstructure of the cured epoxy resin were investigated. The CSPs were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The mechanical properties, thermal stability, adhesion to aluminum plates, and microstructure of the cured epoxy resin were investigated by stress–strain, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), single lap shear test, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), respectively. The addition of 7 wt.% emulsion latex to epoxy enhanced the tensile strength and the toughness of the dumbbell‐shaped samples by 421% and 4388% with respect to neat epoxy, respectively. Furthermore, the single lap shear strength increased in 33% and an increase of 71°C in the initial decomposition temperature of the epoxy was obtained by adding 7 wt.% CSP, without affecting the maximum decomposition temperature. The FESEM micrographs of the fractured surfaces indicated that the major toughening mechanisms were CSP de‐bonding, plastic void growth, and shear bond yielding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of this work was the characterization of polymer microspheres obtained by the suspension polymerization of divinylbenzene (DVB) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), depending on the pore-forming diluents and molar ratio of monomers. The assessed properties included the chemical and porous structure, thermal stability, and sorption capacity of the obtained polymers towards methylene blue. The abovementioned characteristic was carried out for two series of copolymers with molar ratios of monomers of 1:2, 1:1 and 2:1, synthetized with toluene and a mixture of decanol and benzyl alcohol. The structure of the polymers was confirmed by FTIR and elemental analysis. The results of TGA demonstrated the main influence on thermal stability was the composition of polymers, whereas the impact of porogens was negligible. The SBET varied in the range of 12–534 m2g−1 for polymers obtained with toluene and 0–396 m2g−1 with the mixture of alcohols. Toluene enhanced the formation of micro- and mesopores, while the mixture of alcohols enhanced the creation of meso- and macropores. For the polymers prepared with toluene, their effectiveness in water purification decreases in the following order: DVB-GMA 2:1 > DVB-GMA 1:1 > DVB-GMA 1:2, according to the decreasing values of porous structure parameters. In the case of a series obtained with a mixture of alcohols, such correlation was not observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a strategy is proposed to prepare highly toughened composites from polypropylene (PP), rice husk charcoal (RHC) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)-modified EPDM using melt blending and hot pressing. The structure of GMA-modified EPDM is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The influences of the amounts of EPDM and GMA-modified EPDM on PP composites are investigated by virtue of mechanical properties testing, dimensional stability analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that the incorporation of GMA-modified EPDM significantly improves the toughness of PP composites and compared to PRHC the impact strength of PRKEG10 is up to the value of 537 J/m and increases by 555%, concurrently the tensile strength and modulus exhibit less decrease with the value of 8.22 MPa and 353 MPa, respectively. Shrinkage measurements show the dimensional change rates of length, width, and height decrease from 3.2%, 2.9%, and 3.3% to 1.73%, 1.46%, and 1.93%, respectively, improving the dimensional stability of PP composites. SEM reveals that shear yield and cavitation during the loading process lead to the excellent toughness of PP composites. This strategy provides a novel route to fabricate high ductility rice husk charcoal-based PP composites and expand certain industrial application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micrometer sized copolymeric particles of glycidyl methacrylate and octadecyl methacrylate (poly(GMA-co-OMA) were prepared by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) mediated dispersion copolymerization technique using polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as steric stabilizer and 2-cyano-2-propyl benzodithioate (CPB) as RAFT agent in ethanol. Different reaction parameters on the characteristics of poly(GMA-co-OMA) particles and their effects were investigated thoroughly in the presence of RAFT agent. Formation of poly(GMA-co-OMA) particle sizes, its stability and morphology depends on the concentration of RAFT agent, stabilizer as well as the monomer ratio. Spherical poly(GMA-co-OMA) particles of size ranges1-13 μm were obtained after optimization of the ratio between GMA and OMA. In the presence of RAFT, with the increased amount of hydrophobic monomer OMA, instabilities of the particles are observed while particle sizes found to be decreased with the increased amount of GMA in the reaction mixture. Prepared poly(GMA-co-OMA) particles were characterized by different analytical techniques such as NMR, IR, GPC, TGA etc. while Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) was applied to study the poly(GMA-co-OMA) particle sizes and its morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic nanoparticles have gained significant attention as versatile adsorbents in various studies due to their easy application, simple synthesis, cost-effectiveness, and reusability. In this study, we synthesized magnetic poly(AMA-co-GMA) nanoparticles (MAG) and modified them using allyl methacrylate (AMA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). The epoxy groups on the nanoparticles were opened to introduce –OH, –NH2, and –SH functional groups. The structural properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by FTIR, their morphology by SEM–EDS, TEM, BET, and XRD, their magnetic properties by VSM, and the thermal properties by the TGA analysis. MAG and the modified nanoparticles (MAG-OH, MAG-NH2, and MAG-SH) were then employed in batch adsorption experiments for heavy metal ions, including Cd2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, and Hg2+. The effect of pH, contact time, ion concentration, and temperature on adsorption was investigated, and kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic parameters were determined. Pb2+ and Hg2+ exhibited higher adsorption capacities among the tested heavy metal ions, prompting further investigation with MAG and MAG-SH nanoparticles. The experimental data suggested that the adsorption followed the second order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models. Overall, the results highlight the excellent potential of the synthesized magnetic nanoparticles for effectively removing heavy metal ions from wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new enantioselective open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC) was developed employing β-cyclodextrin covalent organic frameworks (β-CD COFs) conjugated gold-poly glycidyl methacrylate nanoparticles (Au-PGMA NPs) as a stationary phase. The resulting coating layer on the inner wall of the fabricated capillary column was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and electroosmotic flow (EOF) experiments. The performance of the fabricated capillary column was evaluated by CEC using enantiomers of seven model analytes, including two proton pump inhibitors (PPIs, omeprazole and tenatoprazole), three amino acids (AAs, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan), and two fluoroquinolones (FQs, gatifloxacin and sparfloxacin). The influences of coating time, buffer concentration, buffer pH, and applied voltage on enantioseparation were investigated to obtain satisfactory enantioselectivity. In the optimum conditions, the enantiomers of seven analytes were fully resolved within 10 min with high resolutions of 3.03 to 5.25. The inter- to intra-day and column-to-column repeatabilities of the fabricated capillary column were lower than 4.26% RSD. Furthermore, molecular docking studies were performed based on the chiral fabricated column and as ligand isomers of analytes using Auto Dock Tools. The binding energies and interactions acquired from docking results of analytes supported the experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poly(butylene‐adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) is recognized for its advantages as a biodegradable thermoplastic polyester. However, its application is often limited due to low strength and poor processability. In contrast, poly(4‐hydroxybutyrate) (P4HB) emerges as a fully biodegradable polyester characterized by high strength, excellent toughness, and facile processing. In this study, P4HB was employed to reinforce PBAT, and glycidyl methacrylate grafted onto poly(4‐hydroxybutyrate) (P4HB‐g‐GMA) was introduced as an effective compatibilizer to address their inherent incompatibility. The study explored the influence of P4HB‐g‐GMA content on the mechanical, thermal, morphological, and rheological properties of the blends. The findings revealed that P4HB‐g‐GMA significantly enhanced the compatibility, mechanical properties, and melt strength of PBAT/P4HB blends. Furthermore, various PBAT/P4HB foams were prepared through a batch foaming process, employing supercritical CO2 as a physical foaming agent. The volume expansion ratio and cell size of PBAT/P4HB foams increased with higher levels of the compatibilizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of leather waste (LW) in a polyurethane (PU) matrix makes a smart and novel shape stable phase change material (SSPCM). This is essential for sustainability as it reduces landfill waste after use. The PU is synthesized in bulk with a 90% yield, using biodegradable polycaprolactone diol and bio‐based polyol (castor oil), along with tolylene‐2,4‐diisocyanate. PL and PLG composites are prepared by blending of constituent components PU (P), LW (L), and poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA, G), as specified by their code names. Role of LW (hydrogen bonding and chemical crosslinking) and morphology are elucidated by FTIR and SEM, respectively. Self‐healing time (2 h), shape fixity ratios (Rf) (PL: 60–80% and PLG: 60–70%) and shape recovery ratios (Rr) (100% for both) are determined at 60°C. PLG displays faster shape recovery in water (<30 s) compared to air (>300 s). Shape stability and thermal properties of the SSPCM are examined using the temperature responsive leakage study, TGA, and DSC. This research introduces a new approach for using leather waste (LW) in SSPCM, with self‐healing and 100% Rr. This material may find application where SSPCM with high durability and flexibility is essential such as textile and footwear materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The controlled polymerization of α‐methylene‐γ‐butyrolactone (MBL, a naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactone found in tulips) was performed by nitroxide mediated polymerization (NMP) using the alkoxyamine Dispolreg 007 as the initiating system at 80 °C in 50 wt% DMSO. Features of a reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) were observed with a linear growth of the macro‐radical with conversion and a relatively low dispersity (Ð ≤ 1.45). The P(MBL) homopolymer chain ends were mostly re‐activatable as the chain extensions with styrene (S) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) in DMSO were successful. Interestingly, the polymerization of MBL initiated by 2‐methyl‐2‐[N‐tert‐butyl‐N‐(1‐diethoxyphosphoryl‐2,2‐dimethylpropyl)‐aminoxy]‐N‐propionyloxysuccinimide (known as NHS‐BlocBuilder) under various experimental conditions did not produce well‐defined P(MBL), possibly due to an excessively high equilibrium constant. However, the bulk copolymerization of MBL with 10–21 mol% of β‐myrcene (Myr, another renewable monomer from the terpene family) initiated by NHS‐BlocBuilder at 100–110 °C led to all the features of a controlled system. The SG1 chain end fidelity of the resulting P(MBL‐co‐Myr) copolymer was confirmed via 31P NMR and by re‐initiating successfully the copolymer chains with a mixture of GMA and Myr monomers at 120 °C in DMSO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important means to enhance oil recovery, ternary composite flooding (ASP flooding for short) technology has achieved remarkable results in Daqing Oilfield. Alkalis, surfactants and polymers are mixed in specific proportions and injected into the reservoir to give full play to the synergistic effect of each component, which can effectively enhance the fluidity of crude oil and greatly improve the oil recovery. At present, the technology for further improving oil recovery after ternary composite flooding is not mature and belongs to the stage of technical exploration. The presence of alkaline substances significantly alters the reservoir's physical properties and causes considerable corrosion to the equipment used in its development. This is detrimental to both the environment and production. Therefore, it is necessary to develop green displacement control agents. In the reservoir environment post-ASP flooding, 2-(methylamino)ethyl methacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate were chosen as monomers to synthesize a polymer responsive to alkali, and then grafted with cellulose nanocrystals to form microspheres of alkali-resistant swelling hydrogel. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) modified with functional groups and other materials were utilized to fabricate hydrogel microspheres. The product's structure was characterized and validated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The infrared spectrum revealed characteristic absorption peaks of CNCs at 1165 cm−1, 1577 cm−1, 1746 cm−1, and 3342 cm−1. The diffraction spectrum corroborated the findings of the infrared analysis, indicating that the functional modification occurred on the CNC surface. After evaluating the swelling and erosion resistance of the hydrogel microspheres under various alkaline conditions, the optimal particle size for compatibility with the target reservoir was determined to be 6 μm. The potential of cellulose-based gel microspheres to enhance oil recovery was assessed through the evaluation of Zeta potential and laboratory physical simulations of oil displacement. The study revealed that the absolute value of the Zeta potential for gel microspheres exceeds 30 in an alkaline environment with pH values ranging from 7 to 14, exhibiting a phenomenon where stronger alkalinity correlates with a greater absolute value of Zeta potential. The dispersion stability spans from good to excellent. The laboratory oil displacement simulation experiment was conducted using a cellulose-based gel microsphere system following weak alkali ASP flooding within the pH value range from 7 to 10. The experimental interventions yielded recovery rates of 2.98%, 3.20%, 3.31%, and 3.38%, respectively. The study indicates that cellulose-based gel microspheres exhibit good adaptability in alkaline reservoirs. This research offers a theoretical foundation and experimental approaches to enhance oil recovery techniques post-ASP flooding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve melt strength and toughness of polyamide 6 (PA6), an on‐line UV radiation method is introduced into reaction extrusion to induce free radical reaction for efficient preparation of long‐chain branched PA6 materials. Trimethylolpropane triacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate are adopted as chain extenders to synergistically introduce long‐chain branches onto PA6 macromolecules. Gel permeation chromatography results show the increase of molecular weight of PA6, implying the successful graft of chain extenders onto molecular chains. Based on rheological measurement results, modified PA6 exhibits better melt strength than pure PA6 owing to a larger storage modulus. The elongation at break and impact strength of modified PA6 at T1G1 are about 5.3 and 2.2 times those of pure PA6, respectively, without sacrificing tensile strength. According to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results, we propose reaction mechanisms between trimethylolpropane triacrylate/glycidyl methacrylate and PA6 under on‐line UV radiation. This study offers a practical approach for the efficient preparation of long‐chain branched PA6, thereby broadening the potential applications of the material. Highlights: An on‐line UV radiation method is introduced into reaction extrusion.The melt strength and toughness of polyamide 6 are realized simultaneously at low cost.The synergistic effect mechanism of trimethylolpropane triacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate is proposed.Provides a feasible way to efficiently prepare long‐chain branched polyamide 6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The functionalization of polymeric matrices through graft polymerization offers various advantages by providing new properties, allowing for additional chemical reactions that the matrix alone could not undergo or that would require drastic chemical conditions to occur. In this work, epoxy groups were incorporated through a graft polymer of poly(glycidyl methacrylate), using a prefunctionalization with peroxide groups in the polytetrafluoroethylene matrix through gamma radiation. These peroxide groups were subsequently used as radical chemical initiators in the graft polymerization reaction of glycidyl methacrylate. The graft polymerization reaction was studied based on the absorbed dose, monomer concentration, reaction time, and temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poly(styrene‐b‐isobutylene‐b‐styrene) (SIBS) is a biomedical elastomer with excellent overall properties. However, the low surface energy and the surface hydrophobicity of SIBS have limited its application as a human implantable material. To improve its biocompatibility, in this work, hyaluronic acid (HA) was introduced onto the surface of SIBS. Firstly, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and HA were employed to prepare GMA‐modified HA (GMHA) via grafting reaction. Due to the introduction of carbon–carbon double bonds on the side chain of HA, the GMHA could be used for free radical polymerization between SIBS. The effects of UV illumination time, GMHA concentration, and initiator concentration on the grafting ratio were investigated. FTIR, 1H NMR, and XPS confirmed the successful grafting of HA onto SIBS. The experimental results showed that the surface modification method not only ensured that the excellent properties of the SIBS would not be destroyed but also improved its surface properties successfully. Besides, the MTT assay indicated that the GMHA‐modified SIBS was not bio‐toxic, so it could meet the need to expand its use in the biomedical fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sepsis is a potentially life-threatening condition triggered by pathogens such as bacteria and toxins. In clinical settings, hemoperfusion has been used as a therapeutic technique for the treatment of sepsis to remove pathogens, toxins and other inflammatory mediators from the bloodstream. However, the existing adsorption process of hemoperfusion is not specific to sepsis-related pathogens or toxins, resulting in unsatisfactory removal effectiveness and the lack of capture selectivity. Herein, we developed an ultrasound-responsive asymmetric polymeric microbowl coated with macrophage and red blood cell (RBC) membranes to selectively eliminate pathogens, toxins, and heavy metal ions from blood. Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) spherical microparticles were first synthesized and then eroded using dibutyl phthalate and styrene to form a microbowl structure. This asymmetric structure could provide acoustic radiation pressure gradients to realize orientation motion under non-invasive ultrasound fields with a velocity of 37.14 μm s−1 at 20 Vp–p, which could increase adsorption efficiency in physiological environments by fuel-free programable movements. In addition, the macrophage and RBC membrane coating endowed the microbowl with desired biocompatibility, enhanced blood circulation and the ability to selectively eliminate endotoxins, bacteria and heavy metal ions. Endotoxin removal assay showed that 92.80% of endotoxin was eliminated within 15 minutes. Owing to the affinity between the red blood cell membrane and heavy metal ions, the removal efficiency reached 92.75% and 93.91% for Pb2+ and Hg2+, respectively. Meanwhile, over 90% of S. aureus in the blood was eliminated owing to the selective recognition and adhesion of bacteria by macrophage membrane proteins. Overall, this work on ultrasound-responsive asymmetric polymeric microbowls provides a new insight to eliminate pathogens, toxins and heavy metal ions from the bloodstream for sepsis treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuous growth in the biopolymers market underscores the necessity to develop and characterize novel materials to replace conventional polymers. This study evaluated the effect of the processing method on the properties of poly(hydroxybutyrate)/agave fiber (PHB/AF) biocomposites with a coupling agent based on glycidyl methacrylate. The components were first blended using two methods (dry-blending and twin screw-extrusion) before being compression molded. Then, the biocomposites degradation was evaluated via accelerated weathering to determine its effect on the physico-mechanical properties. The results showed that adding AF to PHB increased the porosity (low density), but this effect was decreased by 60% for the extruded compatibilized biocomposites. Consequently, the level of degradation (loss of mechanical properties and dimensional stability) was less affected when a coupling agent was used. However, after weathering, the porosity similarly increased for both uncompatibilized biocomposites. Finally, the tensile, impact, and flexural strength were less affected by weathering when the compatibilizer was mixed via dry-blending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glycosylation and phosphorylation rank as paramount post‐translational modifications, and their analysis heavily relies on enrichment techniques. In this work, a facile approach was developed for the one‐step simultaneous enrichment and stepwise elution of glycoproteins and phosphoproteins. The core of this approach was the application of the novel titanium (IV) ion immobilized poly(glycidyl methacrylate) microparticles functionalized with dendrimer polyethylenimine and phytic acid. The microparticles possessed dual enrichment capabilities due to their abundant titanium ions and hydroxyl groups on the surface. They demonstrate rapid adsorption equilibrium (within 30 min) and exceptional adsorption capacity for β‐casein (1107.7 mg/g) and horseradish peroxidase (438.6 mg/g), surpassing that of bovine serum albumin (91.7 mg/g). Furthermore, sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was conducted to validate the enrichment capability. Experimental results across various biological samples, including standard protein mixtures, non‐fat milk, and human serum, demonstrated the remarkable ability of these microparticles to enrich low‐abundance glycoproteins and phosphoproteins from biological samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluoropolymers are attractive due to their high resistance to external influences. However, they are poorly compatible with other materials (for example, paints and varnishes for the purpose of their hydrophobization). Compatibility can be improved by introducing hydrophilic monomer units. A convenient method is copolymerization with functional monomers. In this work, the method of controlled radical polymerization was chosen to resolve this problem, which makes it possible to obtain compositionally homogeneous samples of copolymers with reproducible properties. The reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of 2,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentylacrylate (OFPA), 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropylacrylate (HFIPA), and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) in the presence of 2-cyano-2-propyldodecyltritiocarbonate was first investigated. It was shown that CPDT is effective to control molecular weight characteristics of POFPA and GMA in concentration not more than 0.01 mol·L−1 and of PHFIPA − 0.03 mol·L−1. Copolymerization of fluorinated monomers (OFPA, HFIPA) and functional monomers (GMA) in the presence of low molecular (CPDT) and polymeric chain transfer agent was investigated. Reactivity ratios of monomers were determined by Fineman–Ross and Kelen–Tudos methods. The use of polymeric RAFT agent leads to instance of preferential solvation effect and formation of copolymer with gradient microstructure at final conversion in case of OFPA-GMA copolymerization. Thus, RAFT copolymerization of fluoroacrylates and GMA leads to formation of copolymers with block, gradient, or statistical microstructure that depended on synthesis condition. Block copolymers have amphiphilic properties and are able to form monomolecular films at the air/water interface. Further research will be aimed at modifying the resulting polymers using the epoxy group of GMA. This will make it possible to combine in one material both the properties of a surfactant (to stabilize acrylic dispersions) and a water repellent for paints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was grafted onto spirulina protein isolate (SPPI), a novel raw material, to increase its water resistance and create an eco-friendly wood adhesive. Papain used as the denaturing agent in the grafting procedure and ammonium persulfate (APS) as the radical polymerization initiator. Based on the water-resistant bonding strength of the grafted polymer, the factors that affect the grafting reaction were analyzed and the reactive conditions were optimized single-factor experiments. According to the most optimum reaction conditions and the optimal preparation conditions, the SPPI-GMA adhesive showed that the wet strength 1.45 MPa was improved around 210% (the dry strength improved around 100%) compared to the untreated SPPI. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR),13C-Nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that the GMA had been grafted on the SPPI successfully. In addition, the cure temperature of SPPI-GMA adhesive was analyzed by the Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thus, the SPPI- GMA adhesive has the potential to be applied to the wood industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anticorrosion coatings are specialized products designed to protect metal surfaces from costly and dangerous corrosion, acting as barriers against corrosive organisms. Therefore, this study examined the physical and mechanical properties of epoxy resin in the presence of reactive diluents. Reactive diluents were synthesized based on styrene (St) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) through the free radical method using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as a catalyst with various feed ratios of St and GMA. Diluents were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA). Epoxy resins and hardener were at a ratio of 1:1, 1:0.5, and 1:0.3, respectively. The results showed that reactive diluents [Poly(St-co-GMA)] had an excellent dilution effect on epoxy resin with a decrease in epoxy resin viscosity from 8592 mPa-s to 1656, 680, and 430 mPa-s. Furthermore, the adhesion, tensile, and hardness properties contained 70% GMA and 30% St at a hardener ratio of 1:0.3. The increase in the mechanical properties was attributed to the reaction between modified epoxy resins with hardener. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emulsion graft polymerization process was used to synthesize a novel polyglycidyl methacrylate grafted silanized bamboo fiber composites. The grafting percentage was assessed by varying surfactant, initiator and monomer concentrations. The surface morphologies and thermal behavior of the biocomposites were analyzed using FTIR, SEM, XRD and TGA techniques. In batch adsorption studies, the effect of adsorption parameters like pH, adsorption time, adsorbent dose and solution temperature were examined on the adsorption efficiency of lead ions. The adsorption capacity of biosorbent composites was enhanced through conversion of epoxy group of Poly glycidyl methacrylate (PGMA) into sulfonic acid groups via sulfonation process. The sulfonic acid groups were incorporated into VMBF-g-PGMA by stirring the grafted sample in H2SO4 (98 %) for 2 h at 90 °C to obtain sulfonated grafted polymer (VMBF-g-PGMA-S). By increasing the concentration of monomers up to 5 %, the maximum grafting percentage (289 %) was achieved. The grafting % increases rapidly from 0.5 to 0.20 g initiator and at 0.20 g of initiator, the highest grafting yield was 512 %. The maximum Pb+2 adsorption capacity of adsorbent was 200 mg/g. The thermodynamic parameters for pb+2 adsorption revealed an exothermic and spontaneous nature of sorption process, and the entropy change showed that there are no substantial structural changes occurred in biosorbent material. The experimental results confirmed that sulfonated biosorbent composites are effective, economical, and promising adsorbent which could be used for removal of lead and other ions from aqueous solution.