23,250 results on '"glycine max"'
Search Results
2. Viruses infecting soybean and molecular characterization of soybean mosaic virus isolates in the Black Sea Region of Turkiye
- Author
-
Deligoz, Ilyas, Sevik, Mehmet A., and Kutluk Yilmaz, Nazli D.
- Published
- 2025
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
3. Mitigating risks from atrazine drift to soybeans through foliar pre-spraying with a degrading bacterium
- Author
-
Wen, Xin, Xiang, Leilei, Harindintwali, Jean Damascene, Wang, Yu, He, Chao, Fu, Yuhao, Wei, Siqi, Hashsham, Syed A., Jiang, Jiandong, Jiang, Xin, and Wang, Fang
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Gene editing and overexpression of soybean miR396a reveals its role in salinity tolerance and development
- Author
-
Chen, Xiangqian, Jiang, Xuemin, Sun, Xianjun, Hu, Zheng, Gao, Fei, Wang, Xiuping, Zhang, Hui, Chen, Rui, and Jiang, Qiyan
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Insecticidal potential of diatomaceous earth against Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) infesting stored cowpea, Bambara groundnut and soybean in the Sudano-Guinean climatic conditions of Cameroon
- Author
-
Kosini, Daniel, Adamou, Moïse, Tchindebe, George, Goudoungou, Jean W., Fotso, Tagne G., Moukhtar, Mohammadou, and Nukenine, Elias N.
- Published
- 2025
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Nanocarrier mediated delivery of insecticides into tarsi enhances stink bug mortality.
- Author
-
Sharma, Sandeep, Perring, Thomas, Jeon, Su-Ji, Huang, Huazhang, Xu, Wen, Islamovic, Emir, Sharma, Bhaskar, Giraldo, Ysabel, and Giraldo, Juan
- Subjects
Animals ,Insecticides ,Drug Carriers ,Heteroptera ,Glycine max ,Nanoparticles ,Insect Control - Abstract
Current delivery practices for insecticide active ingredients are inefficient with only a fraction reaching their intended target. Herein, we developed carbon dot based nanocarriers with molecular baskets (γ-cyclodextrin) that enhance the delivery of active ingredients into insects (southern green stink bugs, Nezara viridula L.) via their tarsal pores. Nezara viridula feeds on leguminous plants worldwide and is a primary pest of soybeans. After two days of exposure, most of the nanocarriers and their active ingredient cargo (>85%) remained on the soybean leaf surface, rendering them available to the insects. The nanocarriers enter stink bugs through their tarsi, enhancing the delivery of a fluorescent chemical cargo by 2.6 times. The insecticide active ingredient nanoformulation (10 ppm) was 25% more effective in controlling the stink bugs than the active ingredient alone. Styletectomy experiments indicated that the improved active ingredient efficacy was due to the nanoformulation entering through the insect tarsal pores, consistent with fluorescent chemical cargo assays. This new nanopesticide approach offers efficient active ingredient delivery and improved integrated pest management for a more sustainable agriculture. more...
- Published
- 2024
7. Genome-wide profiling of soybean WRINKLED1 transcription factor binding sites provides insight into seed storage lipid biosynthesis.
- Author
-
Jo, Leonardo, Pelletier, Julie, Goldberg, Robert, and Harada, John
- Subjects
embryo ,fatty acids ,triacylglycerol ,Glycine max ,Seeds ,Transcription Factors ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Plant ,Plant Proteins ,Binding Sites ,Triglycerides ,Lipid Metabolism ,Fatty Acids ,Genome ,Plant - Abstract
Understanding the regulatory mechanisms controlling storage lipid accumulation will inform strategies to enhance seed oil quality and quantity in crop plants. The WRINKLED1 transcription factor (WRI1 TF) is a central regulator of lipid biosynthesis. We characterized the genome-wide binding profile of soybean (Gm)WRI1 and show that the TF directly regulates genes encoding numerous enzymes and proteins in the fatty acid and triacylglycerol biosynthetic pathways. GmWRI1 binds primarily to regions downstream of target gene transcription start sites. We showed that GmWRI1-bound regions are enriched for the canonical WRI1 DNA binding element, the ACTIVATOR of Spomin::LUC1/WRI1 (AW) Box (CNTNGNNNNNNNCG), and another DNA motif, the CNC Box (CNCCNCC). Functional assays showed that both DNA elements mediate transcriptional activation by GmWRI1. We also show that GmWRI1 works in concert with other TFs to establish a regulatory state that promotes fatty acid and triacylglycerol biosynthesis. In particular, comparison of genes targeted directly by GmWRI1 and by GmLEC1, a central regulator of the maturation phase of seed development, reveals that the two TFs act in a positive feedback subcircuit to control fatty acid and triacylglycerol biosynthesis. Together, our results provide unique insights into the genetic circuitry in which GmWRI1 participates to regulate storage lipid accumulation during seed development. more...
- Published
- 2024
8. Assembly, comparative analysis, and utilization of a single haplotype reference genome for soybean
- Author
-
Espina, Mary Jane C, Lovell, John T, Jenkins, Jerry, Shu, Shengqiang, Sreedasyam, Avinash, Jordan, Brandon D, Webber, Jenell, Boston, LoriBeth, Brůna, Tomáš, Talag, Jayson, Goodstein, David, Grimwood, Jane, Stacey, Gary, Cannon, Steven B, Lorenz, Aaron J, Schmutz, Jeremy, and Stupar, Robert M more...
- Subjects
Biological Sciences ,Bioinformatics and Computational Biology ,Genetics ,Human Genome ,Glycine max ,Genome ,Plant ,Haplotypes ,Chromosomes ,Plant ,Chromosome Mapping ,Molecular Sequence Annotation ,DNA recombination ,comparative genomics ,genome structure and evolution ,nutrient stress ,polyploidy ,Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,Plant Biology ,Plant Biology & Botany ,Biochemistry and cell biology ,Plant biology - Abstract
Cultivar Williams 82 has served as the reference genome for the soybean research community since 2008, but is known to have areas of genomic heterogeneity among different sub-lines. This work provides an updated assembly (version Wm82.a6) derived from a specific sub-line known as Wm82-ISU-01 (seeds available under USDA accession PI 704477). The genome was assembled using Pacific BioSciences HiFi reads and integrated into chromosomes using HiC. The 20 soybean chromosomes assembled into a genome of 1.01Gb, consisting of 36 contigs. The genome annotation identified 48 387 gene models, named in accordance with previous assembly versions Wm82.a2 and Wm82.a4. Comparisons of Wm82.a6 with other near-gapless assemblies of Williams 82 reveal large regions of genomic heterogeneity, including regions of differential introgression from the cultivar Kingwa within approximately 30 Mb and 25 Mb segments on chromosomes 03 and 07, respectively. Additionally, our analysis revealed a previously unknown large (>20 Mb) heterogeneous region in the pericentromeric region of chromosome 12, where Wm82.a6 matches the 'Williams' haplotype while the other two near-gapless assemblies do not match the haplotype of either parent of Williams 82. In addition to the Wm82.a6 assembly, we also assembled the genome of 'Fiskeby III,' a rich resource for abiotic stress resistance genes. A genome comparison of Wm82.a6 with Fiskeby III revealed the nucleotide and structural polymorphisms between the two genomes within a QTL region for iron deficiency chlorosis resistance. The Wm82.a6 and Fiskeby III genomes described here will enhance comparative and functional genomics capacities and applications in the soybean community. more...
- Published
- 2024
9. Redundancy in microbiota-mediated suppression of the soybean cyst nematode
- Author
-
Hussain, Muzammil, Xuan, Peixue, Xin, Yi, Ma, Haikun, Zhou, Yahan, Wen, Shihui, Hamid, M Imran, Wan, Tianyu, Hu, Jianyang, Li, Yuezhong, Kang, Seogchan, Liu, Xingzhong, and Xiang, Meichun
- Subjects
Microbiology ,Biological Sciences ,Evolutionary Biology ,Animals ,Glycine max ,Soil Microbiology ,Plant Diseases ,Tylenchoidea ,Microbiota ,Soil ,China ,Bacteroidetes ,Bacteria ,Heterodera glycines ,Chitinase ,Cyst microbiota ,Induced resistance ,Nematode suppression ,Soybean ,Suppressive soil ,Ecology ,Medical Microbiology ,Evolutionary biology - Abstract
BackgroundSoybean cyst nematodes (SCN) as animal parasites of plants are not usually interested in killing the host but are rather focused on completing their life cycle to increase population, resulting in substantial yield losses. Remarkably, some agricultural soils after long-term crop monoculture show a significant decline in SCN densities and suppress disease in a sustainable and viable manner. However, relatively little is known about the microbes and mechanisms operating against SCN in such disease-suppressive soils.ResultsGreenhouse experiments showed that suppressive soils (S) collected from two provinces of China and transplantation soils (CS, created by mixing 10% S with 90% conducive soils) suppressed SCN. However, SCN suppressiveness was partially lost or completely abolished when S soils were treated with heat (80 °C) and formalin. Bacterial community analysis revealed that the specific suppression in S and CS was mainly associated with the bacterial phylum Bacteroidetes, specifically due to the enrichment of Chitinophaga spp. and Dyadobacter sp., in the cysts. SCN cysts colonized by Chitinophaga spp. showed dramatically reduced egg hatching, with unrecognizable internal body organization of juveniles inside the eggshell due to chitinase activity. Whereas, Dyadobacter sp. cells attached to the surface coat of J2s increased soybean resistance against SCN by triggering the expression of defence-associated genes. The disease-suppressive potential of these bacteria was validated by inoculating them into conducive soil. The Dyadobacter strain alone or in combination with Chitinophaga strains significantly decreased egg densities after one growing cycle of soybeans. In contrast, Chitinophaga strains alone required more than one growing cycle to significantly reduce SCN egg hatching and population density.ConclusionThis study revealed how soybean monoculture for decades induced microbiota homeostasis, leading to the formation of SCN-suppressive soil. The high relative abundance of antagonistic bacteria in the cyst suppressed the SCN population both directly and indirectly. Because uncontrolled proliferation will likely lead to quick demise due to host population collapse, obligate parasites like SCN may have evolved to modulate virulence/proliferation to balance these conflicting needs. Video Abstract. more...
- Published
- 2024
10. Effect of zinc in absence and presence of limestone on soybean grown in three different soil types.
- Author
-
Moreira, Adônis, Moraes, Larissa A. C., Bassoli, Paulo G., Moreira, Pedro A. M., and Nogueira, Thiago A. R.
- Subjects
- *
SOYBEAN , *DEFICIENCY diseases , *ACID soils , *SOIL classification , *AGRICULTURAL productivity - Abstract
Liming is essential for enhancing economic viability and increasing crop production in acidic soil in tropical and subtropical regions. However, continuous limestone application has been associated with cationic micronutrient deficiency, including zinc (Zn). In an experiment under greenhouse conditions using three soils of different textural classes (Typic Alfisol, Typic Oxisol, and Typic Entisol), we evaluated the growth of soybean after fertilization with limestone and Zn. We applied dolomitic limestone at two rates (equivalent to 0 and 5.0 Mg ha−1) and Zn at four rates (0, 5, 10, and 20 mg kg−1), each with four replicates. These three soil types exhibited distinct nutrient availability. Liming significantly altered soil chemical attributes, particularly causing considerable reduction in Zn availability in Typic Alfisol. Furthermore, liming led to a reduction in Zn concentration in soybean leaves and grains in all the three soil types. Grain yield (GY) increased in the presence of liming, and yield was further enhanced with increasing Zn concentrations. Positive effect was also seen on photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), and leaf N, Ca, and Zn concentrations, except on P concentration. Even with adequate nutrient concentrations and limestone application, sandy soils had a lower GY. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2025
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Calcium and boron, with and without amino acids, in foliar fertilisation in soybean.
- Author
-
Garcia, Luiz C., Rocha, Carlos H., de Souza, Nátali M., Weirich Neto, Pedro H., Gomes, Jaime A., and Inagaki, Thiago M.
- Abstract
The aim was to verify the viability of foliar fertilisation of calcium (Ca) and boron (B) in soybeans (Glycine max) in soils with various fertility levels. The experiment was carried out in four agricultural seasons and designed in randomised blocks, with three treatments and seven replications. The treatments were as follows: control, and Ca and B spraying on soybean plants without and with amino acids. Spraying was carried out at the flowering of the crop one time. It was concluded that there were significant differences in the yield components in the two crops, when the experiment was installed in soils with lower fertility, in which the foliar fertiliser with amino acid stood out. When there was a significant difference in productivity, the B content was altered; the value in the grains that received the product with amino acids was greater than the treatment without amino acids and above the treatment in which the plants were not sprayed with foliar fertilisers. Therefore, we highlight that Ca and B foliar fertilisation is especially required for soils with low CEC and Ca contents. However, this technique will likely not improve soybean performance for soils with no nutrient deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2025
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Distribution of the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, in green soybean cultivation areas of Japan and its control measures.
- Author
-
Toyota, Koki, Kato, Risako, Takeda, Ai, and Perry, Roland N.
- Subjects
- *
SOYBEAN , *TILLAGE , *CROP rotation , *SOYBEAN farming , *SOIL density - Abstract
Summary: Green soybean (edamame), an early-harvested soybean, is a popular vegetable in Asia and is recognised as a healthy vegetable in the other parts of the world. In Japan, edamame yield has gradually decreased over the last 30 years, despite similar cultivation areas. Damage caused by the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines , is one of the main causes. We surveyed the distribution of SCN in different locations and found a wide distribution of SCN across Japan. Different control measures are available, such as chemical control using fumigants or a granular type of nematicide, solarisation, and rotation with non-host crops. We are developing a new type of biological control method, which comprises short-term field cultivation and soil incorporation of mung bean. This method not only decreases the SCN density in soil but also mitigates soil erosion and nitrate leaching. For future SCN control it is essential to establish an environmentally friendly management strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2025
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Development and Validation of Kompetitive Allele-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction Markers for Seed Protein Content in Soybean.
- Author
-
Li, Shuangzhe, Guo, Chenyijun, Feng, Xuezhen, Wang, Jing, Pan, Wenjing, Xu, Chang, Wei, Siming, Han, Xue, Yang, Mingliang, Chen, Qingshan, Wang, Jinxing, Hu, Limin, and Qi, Zhaoming
- Subjects
SEED proteins ,SOY proteins ,POLYMERASE chain reaction ,SOYBEAN ,ANIMAL feeds - Abstract
Seed protein content is a critical trait in soybean breeding, as it provides a primary source of high-quality protein for both human consumption and animal feed. This study aimed to enhance molecular marker-assisted selection for high-protein soybean varieties by developing Kompetitive Allele-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (KASP) markers targeted at loci associated with seed protein content. Nineteen markers with high genotyping efficacy were identified through screening. Utilizing SN76 (a high-protein line) as the male parent and SN49 and DS1 (both low-protein lines) as female parents, 484 F
6 generation individuals from these hybrid combinations were selected to validate the predictive accuracy of the 19 KASP markers. Notably, KASP-Pro-1, KASP-Pro-2, and KASP-Pro-3 effectively distinguished genotypes associated with high and low protein content, with prediction accuracies of 68.4%, 75.0%, and 83.3%, respectively. These results underscore the reliability and practical utility of the selected molecular markers, which are located within the genes Glyma.03G219900, Glyma.14G119000, and Glyma.17G074400, respectively. Haplotype analysis and gene pyramiding indicate that these three genes may influence seed protein content. Consequently, these KASP markers can be effectively integrated into genetic and genomic research on soybean seed protein content as well as into marker-assisted breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Side effects of soybean insecticides on beneficial microorganisms.
- Author
-
Abbate, Silvana, Rivas, Federico, Ribeiro, Adela, Bentancur, Oscar, Castiglioni, Enrique, and Altier, Nora
- Subjects
- *
PEST control , *NEONICOTINOIDS , *PYRETHROIDS , *STINKBUGS , *SOYBEAN , *THIAMETHOXAM , *IMIDACLOPRID - Abstract
AbstractThis study evaluated the in vitro effects of common insecticides used for stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) control in soybeans on
Beauveria bassiana andLecanicillium attenuatum . The effects of thiamethoxam + lambda‑cyalothrin, imidacloprid + beta‑cyfluthrin, thiamethoxam and trichlorfon were tested at field‑recommended (FD), half and double FD doses for their impact on vegetative growth and conidial production. At FD only thiamethoxam did not significantly affect the mycelial growth of both strains 14 d after inoculation. The mixture of neonicotinoids and pyrethroids at FD reduced the conidiogenesis of both strains while trichlorfon affectedL. attenuatum strain negatively. Understanding these side effects highlights the need for rational pest management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Investigation of the Structural Characteristics of Seed Surfaces of Some Soybean Genotypes by Using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
- Author
-
Sezer, Ahmet Yasin and Uysal, Tuna
- Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) is an annual plant in the Fabaceae family, native to East Asia. The plant is grown for its edible beans. Soybean plays a crucial role in East Asian cuisine and the animal feed industry as it is one of the plants with the highest protein yield per cultivated area and is rich in nutritional value. Since soybean cultivars are morphologically similar, molecular and genetic markers are mostly used to determine different varieties and lineages. It is extremely important to prefer more effective and practical approaches for faster and cheaper characterization of agricultural products. In this respect, SEM analyses, which allow seed surface characterization of not only soya varieties but also all grains are foreseen to be of critical importance as a candidate method and approach. SEM technique provides high-resolution images of the surfaces and allows detailed examination of the microstructure of the materials. This study used Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to determine seed surface characteristics such as surface roughness, reticulation, tubercles, and raised and grooved surface decorations in 12 soybean cultivars. As a result of the study, soybean genotypes were divided into 3 types according to their micro-morphological characteristics and their similarities and differences were revealed. In conclusion, it is thought that such a classification based on surface traits could be a potential method to help identify and compare seeds, especially in the identification of hybrid plants. In addition, valuable data can be obtained with this method during the use of wild forms of cultivated plants in breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Genome-wide identification of zf-B-Box gene family in Glycine max and expression analysis under NaCl stress.
- Author
-
Xiangyu Tan, Xuan Yang, Jinjuan Hao, Xue Gang, and Zhenlin Wei
- Subjects
- *
GENE expression , *ZINC-finger proteins , *GENE families , *CHROMOSOME duplication , *CORN - Abstract
The B-box proteins, or BBX proteins, belong to a subgroup of zinc finger transcription factors and have various physiological functions. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of soybean BBX genes in Glycine max. A total of 26 GmBBX proteins were identified. These genes contain 1 or 2 B-box domains, 8 of which have the CCT domain. These proteins were classified into 4 subfamilies based on their structural characteristics and evolutionary relationships. Notably, 18 GmBBX genes were identified to form 15 duplicated gene pairs via segmental duplication. In addition, a cross-species syntenic analysis revealed 42 syntenic relationships between 19 GmBBX genes and 11 BBX genes from Arabidopsis thaliana. Nevertheless, there was no apparent synteny between BBX genes from G. max and Zea mays. The transcriptomic data showed that the expression levels of GmBBX genes, primarily found in the root and leaf tissues, were generally low, in line with the outcomes from the Ka/Ks ratio analysis. The real-time PCR analysis of 4 selected GmBBX genes showed a significant upregulation of gene expression, particularly for GmBBX20, under NaCl stress. These findings suggest that GmBBX proteins may be crucial in regulating stress tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Screening and Validation of Stable Reference Genes for qRT-PCR Analysis in Epicauta gorhami (Coleoptera: Meloidae).
- Author
-
Yang, Guofeng, Yu, Xuetao, Zhang, Yan, Luo, Jinhua, Li, Xiaofei, Zhu, Li, Zhang, Huanhuan, Jin, Lin, Wu, Gang, Yan, Xiaohong, and Shen, Chenhui
- Subjects
- *
GENE expression , *URIDINE diphosphate , *SOYBEAN , *POLYMERASE chain reaction , *ANTENNAS (Electronics) - Abstract
Simple Summary: The reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is often employed to examine the gene expressions under diverse treatments. Screening optimal reference genes are necessary for obtaining reliable expression results of qRT-PCR. Here, the stability of 10 selected reference genes in Epicauta gorhami was assessed under three conditions (adult ages, tissues/organs and temperatures). These findings displayed that the best suitable reference genes were as follows: SOD and RPS18 for different adult ages and various temperatures and RPS18 and RPS28 for adult tissues. The relative expression patterns of uridine diphosphate (UDP)-N-acetylglucosamine-pyrophosphorylase (EgUAP) in diverse adult tissues was employed to verify the results. Our study will lay a vital basis for future functional gene expressions in E. gorhami. Epicauta gorhami is a hypermetamorphic insect that mainly forage soybeans during the adult stage. However, the lack of appropriate references hinders our studying of the gene function in E. gorhami. In this study, referring to five computational tools (Ct value, geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and RefFinder), the stability of 10 housekeeping genes (GAPDH, ACT, RPL4, RPL27, α-TUB, RPS18, EF1α, RPS28, RPL13 and SOD) was assessed by qRT-PCR under three different conditions (adult ages, tissues/organs and temperatures). The findings suggested that SOD and RPS18 were the most ideal references for examine gene transcripts among diverse adult ages and at various temperatures; a pair of RPS18 and RPS28 was the most reliable genes to assess gene expressions in diverse adult tissues. Finally, the relative expression levels of EgUAP were computed after normalization RPS18 and RPS28 with across diverse adult tissues. As expected, EgUAP expression was abundant in the foregut, trachea and antenna and scarce in the midgut, hindgut and epidermis. These findings will lay a solid foundation for analyzing the gene expression of E. gorhami. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Detection of Irrigated and Non-Irrigated Soybeans Using Hyperspectral Data in Machine-Learning Models.
- Author
-
Oliveira, Izabela Cristina de, Gava, Ricardo, Santana, Dthenifer Cordeiro, Seron, Ana Carina da Silva Cândido, Teodoro, Larissa Pereira Ribeiro, Cotrim, Mayara Favero, Santos, Regimar Garcia dos, Alvarez, Rita de Cássia Félix, Junior, Carlos Antonio da Silva, Baio, Fábio Henrique Rojo, and Teodoro, Paulo Eduardo more...
- Subjects
- *
ARTIFICIAL neural networks , *SUPPORT vector machines , *COMPUTATIONAL intelligence , *MACHINE learning , *DATABASES - Abstract
The objectives of this work are (i) to classify soybean cultivars under different irrigation managements using hyperspectral data, looking for the best machine-learning algorithm for the classification and the input that improves the performance of the models. The experiment was implemented in the 2023/24 harvest in the experimental area of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Câmpus Chapadão do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul, and it was conducted in a strip scheme with seven cultivars subjected to irrigated and rainfed management. Sixty days after crop emergence, three leaves per plot were collected for evaluation by the hyperspectral sensor. The spectral data was then separated into 28 bands to reduce dimensionality. In this way, two databases were generated: one with all the spectral information provided by the sensor (WL) and one with the 28 spectral bands (SB). Each database was subjected to different machine-learning models to ascertain the improved accuracy of the models in distinguishing the different eucalyptus species. The models tested were artificial neural networks (ANN), decision trees (DT), linear regression (LR), M5P algorithm, random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM). The results demonstrate the effectiveness of machine-learning models in differentiating soybean management under rainfed and irrigated conditions, highlighting the advantage of hyperspectral data (WL) over selected spectral bands (SB). Models such as the support vector machine (SVM) showed the best levels of accuracy when using the entire available spectrum. On the other hand, artificial neural networks (ANN) performed well with spectral band data, demonstrating their ability to work with smaller data sets without compromising the classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Ascophyllum nodosum-derived biostimulant promotes physiological conditioning to increase soybean yield in a semiarid climate.
- Author
-
Jesus, Jeane Ferreira de, Santos, Amanda Soares, Sousa, Renato Oliveira de, Fonseca, Bruno Sousa Figueiredo da, Ferreira, Wesley Santos, Silva, Rodrigo Fonseca da, Paula-Marinho, Stelamaris de Oliveira, Barroso, Priscila Alves, Luz, Milena Rodrigues, Alcântara Neto, Francisco de, Costa, José Hélio, and Miranda, Rafael de Souza more...
- Abstract
The use of algae-based biostimulants as biopromoters for the growth, flowering, and fruiting phases has been intensified in recent years, despite a lack of information about the ideal quantity for maximum efficiency by the plant. This study aimed to select the concentration and application timing of Ascophyllum nodosum-derived biostimulant capable of modulating the physiology and increasing the yield of soybean plants from a semiarid region. The trials were carried out in a greenhouse by applying leaf spraying of biostimulant at 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 L ha−1, as a single or double application, in different developmental stages (V4, V4 + R1, R1, R1 + R4) of Extrema soybean cultivar. Growth, water content, pollen viability, gas exchange and grain yield were investigated. The biostimulant promoted a better physiological conditioning and productive responses, depending on the dose and application timing. Ascophyllum nodosum-based biostimulant at 1.5 L ha−1, applied 0.75 L ha−1 at V4 + 0.75 L ha−1 at R1 (T12), was the most significant treatment, improving the net photosynthesis, water status and plant growth, which resulted in a 12% increase in grain yield. In conclusion, the dosage and timing of application play pivotal roles in eliciting physiological and productive responses through biostimulants. Seaweed-based biostimulants emerge as essential components to optimizing the cultivation and yield of soybean plants, serving as efficient and sustainable biological regulators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Single and combined applications of dopamine and 24-epibrassinolide in soybean seedlings under water deficiency: tolerance mechanisms essential to inhibit deleterious effects.
- Author
-
Pontes, Caio Victor Silva, Prestes, Lohana Ribeiro, Vieira Neto, Antonio Ferreira, Lopes, Layse Kristine Corrêa, Barbosa, Maria Antonia Machado, and Lobato, Allan Klynger da Silva
- Subjects
- *
AGRICULTURE , *ALTERNATIVE agriculture , *GROWTH regulators , *BIOMASS , *FOOD security , *DOPAMINE - Abstract
Water limitations often cause plants' physiological, biochemical and morphological disorders, restricting their growth and performance and negatively impacting agricultural yield and global food security. Dopamine (DOP) is an essential water-soluble antioxidant, representing an exciting alternative for use in agriculture, as it maximises plant tolerance under adverse stress conditions. The 24-epibrassionolide (EBR) has the most bioactive function on plant metabolomics, being biodegradable and environmentally friendly. EBR can promote plant tolerance under stress conditions, including water deficiency. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the possible contributions of pre-treatment with DOP and EBR in soybean seedlings subjected to water deficiency, evaluating the responses linked to root anatomy, germination, antioxidant system and biomass accumulation. The single and combined use of growth regulators (DOP and EBR) mitigated the harmful effects caused by water deficiency in seedlings. However, the single use of DOP under the conditions of this research had better results. DOP and EBR positively affected root anatomy, modulating plastic changes in the epidermis tissues, metaxylem and vascular cylinder tissues. Increments in biomass and growth of seedlings exposed to drought and treated with growth regulators can be explained by the intense activities of antioxidant enzymes, maximising redox metabolism and protecting root tissues from oxidative damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Glycine tabacina, native to Australia, is an alternate host of Erysiphe diffusa causing powdery mildew on soybean.
- Author
-
Kelly, Lisa A., Ahmad, Aftab, Dahanayaka, Buddhika A., Dearnaley, John D. W., Vaghefi, Niloofar, and Kiss, Levente
- Subjects
- *
WEED control , *FARMERS , *CROPS , *GLYCINE , *PHYLOGENY , *POWDERY mildew diseases - Abstract
Powdery mildew, caused by Erysiphe diffusa, is an emerging pathogen in Australian soybean crops. Since its initial detection in 2012, the disease has been observed every season in soybean paddocks throughout Australia. It is not known how E. diffusa survives between soybean cropping seasons in the Australian environment. This study identified the native Glycine species, G. tabacina, as an alternate host for E. diffusa in Australia. G. tabacina specimens naturally infected with powdery mildew were collected and the pathogen was identified based on morphological characters and nrDNA ITS and MCM7 sequences. Cross‐inoculation experiments demonstrated that the E. diffusa isolates infecting G. tabacina in the field were pathogenic to soybean. This study is the first to report E. diffusa on G. tabacina in Australia. As a perennial native often found in the vicinity of the annual soybean crops, G. tabacina can easily serve as an alternate host for E. diffusa and could be an example of a host range expansion in this powdery mildew species. Weed control in soybean crops, with special attention to the removal of the native Glycine species, may be an option for powdery mildew management for Australian soybean growers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Competitive ability of Amaranthus hybridus in coexistence with maize, bean and soybean.
- Author
-
Brunetto, Leonardo, Galon, Leandro, da Silva, Antônio Marcos Loureiro, Müller, Caroline, Cavaletti, Daniel Cristian, Wall, Rafael Hoffman, Senhori, Victor Miguel, and Perin, Gismael Francisco
- Subjects
- *
CROPS , *COMMON bean , *CORN , *COMPETITION (Biology) , *BEANS - Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the competitive ability of various maize, bean, and soybean cultivars when coexisting with different densities of Amaranthus hybridus, using a replacement series experiment conducted in completely randomized blocks with four replicates. The competitors included four maize cultivars, four bean cultivars, and two soybean cultivars, all tested against A. hybridus. The replacement series consisted of relative crop-to-A. hybridus ratios of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100%, corresponding to 20:0, 15:5, 10:10, 5:15, and 0:20 plants per pot, respectively. Competitive ability was assessed using diagrams and relative competitiveness indices. Fifty days after plant emergence, the morphophysiological characteristics of the competing species were determined. Results indicate a negative impact on all species, with both the crop plants (maize, beans, and soybeans) and A. hybridus suffering due to competition for the same environmental resources. Interspecific competition was found to be more detrimental than intraspecific competition. Maize and bean cultivars showed greater competitive ability against A. hybridus, whereas soybeans were more adversely affected by the presence of the competitor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Feeding behavior, life-history traits, and settling preference of Aulacorthum solani (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on resistant and susceptible soybeans.
- Author
-
Han, Xue, Lei, Jiahui, Zhang, Yuhan, Jia, Yulong, Wang, Xiaoyun, Liu, Jian, and Tian, Zhenqi
- Subjects
APHIS glycines ,LIFE history theory ,INTEGRATED pest control ,SOYBEAN ,APHIDS - Abstract
Foxglove aphid, Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a major pest worldwide. It can infest various crops, including soybean, and reduce yields. The use of insect-resistant cultivars can effectively manage pests. Dowling is a soybean cultivar that can control Aphis glycines through antibiosis and antixenosis. In this study, we investigated the feeding behavior of A. solani using electropenetrography (EPG), and its life-history traits using an age-stage, two-sex life table, and its settling preferences on Dowling (resistant) and Heinong 51 (HN51, susceptible) soybean cultivars. The Dowling cultivar showed strong antibiosis against A. solani. Aphids feeding on Dowling exhibited significantly reduced survival, fecundity, and longevity, and increased nymph duration. Moreover, Dowling had negative impacts on the demographic parameters of the aphids. The number of A. solani individuals was significantly less on Dowling than on HN51, indicating the antixenotic effects of Dowling. As shown using EPG, the mechanical blocking wave (F) of A. solani was significantly longer after feeding on Dowling than after feeding on HN51, indicating that Dowling has a higher mechanical resistance. In conclusion, Dowling exhibited strong resistance to A. solani. These results are beneficial for integrated pest management in soybean fields and breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Use of Soil Remineralizer to Replace Conventional Fertilizers: Effects on Soil Fertility, Enzymatic Parameters, and Soybean and Sorghum Productivity.
- Author
-
Rodrigues, Letícia Nayara Fuzaro, Borges, Wander Luis Barbosa, Modesto, Viviane Cristina, Ribeiro, Naiane Antunes Alves, de Souza Jr., Nelson Câmara, Girardi, Vitória Almeida Moreira, Matos, Aline Marchetti Silva, Silva, Bárbara Pereira Christofaro, Galindo, Fernando Shintate, and Andreotti, Marcelo more...
- Subjects
SOIL fertility ,SOIL classification ,SOIL acidity ,SOYBEAN ,SOIL dynamics - Abstract
The reliance on soil acidity correctives and mineral fertilizers poses a threat to food production due to the finite nature of these resources and their susceptibility to price volatility from importation. Soil remineralizers have emerged as a sustainable alternative. This study assessed silicate agrominerals as soil remineralizers to replace limestone, gypsum, and conventional fertilizers in a no-tillage system. Conducted in a tropical climate on sandy/medium-textured Ultisol, twelve treatments (combinations of liming, gypsum, mineral fertilization, and remineralizer) were tested for their effects on soybean and sorghum agronomic traits. Applying a remineralizer at 2500 kg ha
−1 enhanced soybean productivity by 15% and sorghum by 35% in succession, along with increases in P, S, Ca, Mg, sum of bases (SB), cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (V%) in the 0–0.20 m layer and organic matter in the 0–0.40 m layer, benefiting soil microbiological parameters, with the treatment combining all four products improving soil fertility; however, for better crop productivity, split applications appear to be an alternative to avoid nutrient imbalance. Due to the finer particle size of the remineralizer, which allows faster nutrient release, further research is recommended to investigate the long-term impacts on soil microbiota dynamics, optimal doses and combinations, and economic viability across various soil types and climates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Impact of Nodulation Efficiency and Concentrations of Soluble Sugars and Ureides on Soybean Water Deficit During Vegetative Growth.
- Author
-
Tasca, Helena Chaves, Posso, Douglas Antônio, Mossi, Altemir José, Bayer, Cimélio, Cansian, Rogério Luís, Chavarria, Geraldo, and Sausen, Tanise Luisa
- Subjects
NITROGEN fixation ,WATER restrictions ,CLIMATE change ,WATER purification ,LEGUMES - Abstract
Drought is the primary limiting factor affecting soybean productivity, and is exacerbated by climate change. In legumes like soybeans, biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is the main form of nitrogen acquisition, with nitrogen being converted into ureides. A greenhouse experiment was conducted using the soybean cultivar BMX Zeus IPRO, with two water treatments applied during the vegetative phase: control (C) and water deficit (D). The relative water content and number of nodules were reduced in the D plants. Ureide concentrations (allantoin and allantoic acid) were higher in nodules under D conditions. However, no differences were observed in allantoin, total ureide, and soluble sugar concentrations in leaves. Our results suggest that reducing the number of nodules may be a key strategy for maintaining BNF under drought conditions and that ureide accumulation could be the primary metabolic response in this soybean cultivar. These findings indicate that the effects of water restriction on BNF are likely associated with local metabolic responses rather than a systemic ureide feedback mechanism inhibiting BNF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Cercospora species associated with soybean diseases in Russia.
- Author
-
Gomzhina, Maria M., Gasich, Elena L., and Gannibal, Philipp B.
- Abstract
Soybean diseases induced by Cercospora spp. exhibit a global prevalence worldwide. Cercospora kikuchii causes both Cercospora leaf blight (CLB) and purple seed stain (PSS), whereas Cercospora sojina is a causal agent of frogeye leaf spot (FLS). Eighteen Cercospora isolates originating from soybean plants exhibiting CLB, PSS, and FLS symptoms were obtained from continental Russia, the Crimea Peninsula, and South America. The identification was based on the Consolidated Species Concept and involved multi-locus phylogenetic analysis, assessment of cercosporin production capacity, and pathogenicity testing. Ten isolates were identified as C. sojina; the eight remaining ones were categorized into seven distinct species. Two isolates of C. kikuchii were obtained from South America, along with a single isolate each of Cercospora cf. sigesbeckiae and Cercospora sp. Q from the Russian Far East and South America, respectively. Three isolates from the Russian Far East were identified as Cercospora cf. alchemillicola and Cercospora celosiae. A single isolate formed a distinct monophyletic clade that did not include ex-type or representative Cercospora strains and is, therefore, considered a candidate for a new Cercospora species. Cercosporin production in vitro is not a stable and reliable feature for species identification; it could vary and depends on factors such as the nutrient medium composition and the specific lighting conditions during the culturing process. In Russia, multiple Cercospora species are associated with PSS: at least C. cf. alchemillicola, C. cf. sigesbeckiae, and C. celosiae, which are new records for Russia. Cercospora kikuchii and Cercospora sp. Q emerge as causal agents of PSS in South America. PSS and CLB symptoms evident on soybeans are intricate features; thus, they can no longer be definitively regarded as unequivocal signs for the presence of C. kikuchii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Traditional Legume Seed Fermentation Processes: What is the Individual Impact of the Cooking and Fermentation Stages on the Degradation of Anti-Nutritional Factors?
- Author
-
Gbedo, Charlène, Arnaud, Elodie, and Strub, Caroline
- Subjects
- *
LEGUME seeds , *SOYBEAN , *PLANT proteins , *BACILLUS subtilis , *OILSEEDS - Abstract
Legume seeds account for one-fifth of the plant proteins consumed worldwide, and are divided into 3 groups: pulses, oilseeds and pulses with pods. Traditional fermented products based on legume seeds are an integral part of the diet of many populations, and are generally obtained from oilseeds, such as
Glycine max . Fermented seeds are known to have better digestibility, lower amounts of anti-nutritional factors and isoflavones, courtesy of the numerous steps involved in their traditional processing. The present review was therefore undertaken to provide a comprehensive assessment of the contribution of each of the main processing steps, i.e. cooking and fermentation, on the degradation of compounds with anti-nutritional activities. The data presented in this review show that the cooking operation degrades almost all thermolabile anti-nutritional factors (ANFs). Some thermostable ANFs are also eliminated by hydrolysis and diffusion into the cooking water or in the soaking water (in case soaking is performed), especially when the seed/water ratio is sufficient for the cooking or soaking water to be subsequently discarded. Fermentation dominated byBacillus subtilis orRhizopus oligosporus is an interesting option when the aim is to further reduce thermostable antinutritional factors that were only partially reduced during cooking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Strategy for early selection for grain yield in soybean using BLUPIS.
- Author
-
Schuster, Andreia, da Silva, Felipe Lopes, Netto, João Amaro Ferreira Vieira, do Nascimento, Emanuel Ferrari, Teodoro, Paulo Eduardo, and Bhering, Leonardo Lopes
- Subjects
- *
SELECTION (Plant breeding) , *CROP yields , *PLANT selection , *PLANT populations , *GRAIN yields - Abstract
In soybean breeding programs, a great deal of time is devoted to the use of methods that perform selection of individual plants during the initial generations. Our hypothesis is that BLUPIS (simulated individual BLUP) can be efficient when applied in the initial stages of soybean breeding programs. This study aimed to explore the potential of BLUPIS in the early generations of a soybean breeding program, as well as to assess the viability of the strategy of dividing the useful area of experimental plots for estimating genotypic effects and plant selection. The experiment involved 84 segregating populations and 15 soybean parents in the F2 and F3 generations. Yield data was collected from the 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 cropping seasons. In the F2 generation, different data exploration methods were applied to determine the most suitable adaptation to be used in the F3 generation. The individual BLUP (BLUPI) was compared with BLUPIS using information from different replications and/or equal to the information used in BLUPI. The selection conducted by BLUPIS and BLUPI showed high concordance regarding the selected plants. In the F3 generation, segregating populations were selected based on positive genotypic effects, and individual plants within these populations were further selected according to the number of plants determined by BLUPIS. The division of the plot area was an efficient strategy for selecting segregating populations and individual plants within superior populations in the F3 generation, resulting in genetic gains of approximately 1.56 g per plant. When combined with the strategy of advancing generations in the off-season, the BLUPIS approach reduces the time required to achieve a high level of homozygosity. Therefore, BLUPIS proved to be a powerful statistical tool for early selection based on grain yield in soybeans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Molecular Markers as a Valuable Tool to Confirm the Genetic Diversity in Soybean Germplasms (Glycine max).
- Author
-
Mathpal, Sudha, Joshi, Rashmi, Bhatt, Bhagyashree, Sahoo, Smrutishree, and Joshi, Sneha
- Subjects
- *
RAPD technique , *GENETIC variation , *CLEARCUTTING , *CROPS , *GENOTYPES - Abstract
Background: This study was performed to understand the genetic base of soybean which mainly focused to assess the diversity among sixteen soybean germplasms namely (AMS 100-39, BAUS 102, DS 3108, DSB 34, MACS 1493, NRC 128, NRC 130, NRC 131, NRC 132, NRC 136, NRC 137, NRC SL 1, PS 1613, RSC 11-03, RSC 11-07 and SKF SP-11) with two cultivated checks (JS-335 and Bragg). Methods: The genomic isolation was carried out using CTAB buffer and the diversity was estimated with the help of nine RAPD markers using percent polymorphism, PIC content, Jaccard's similarity index and represented in dendogram. Result: The banding patterns were obtained with all the primer showed a total of 59 bands, out of the which, 17 bands were monomorphic, while other are polymorphic and the amplification ranged from 100 bp to 960 bp. The range of similarity coefficients varies from 0.87 to 0.36. Out of total amplification, products were scored, averages of 70.3% were polymorphic among all genotypes. The cluster clearly divided the whole germplasms into two four groups showing the clear-cut diversity profile of all germplasms. As a result, this study is very beneficial for understanding the diversity of different soybean germplasms and the application of this technique for the development of highly profitable crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. A New Proposal for Soybean Plant Stand: Variation Based on the Law of the Minimum.
- Author
-
Baio, Fábio Henrique Rojo, Gava, Ricardo, Teodoro, Larissa Pereira Ribeiro, Alvarez, Rita de Cássia Félix, Alves, Marcos Eduardo Miranda, Santana, Dthenifer Cordeiro, Campos, Cid Naudi Silva, Cândido, Ana Carina da Silva, and Teodoro, Paulo Eduardo more...
- Subjects
CROP yields ,AGRICULTURE ,SOYBEAN ,PRECISION farming ,COMPETITION (Biology) - Abstract
The hypothesis of this study is that it is possible to determine the plant stand in the soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) crop based on the spatial variability of management units, which are limiting factors in maximizing crop yield. Our objectives were as follows: (I) to evaluate the relationship between soil physical and chemical attributes to establish potential management units for variable-rate seeding; (II) to propose a method for varying plant stands based on the law of minimum soil nutrients; an (III) to relate the interaction between different plant stands on soybean grain yield, taking into account the interaction between the spatial variability of the mapped attributes. Field experiments were carried out on two plots over two agricultural years. The areas were seeded by randomly varying the soybean stand across strips in the first year. The most limiting soil nutrient was established and used, together with the soil CEC, to determine management units (MUs), which were also used to seed soybeans in VRT (Variable Rate Technology) in the same plots in the second year. MUs with the lowest restriction for maximizing yield were sown in the second year with the lowest plant stand. Data were processed using multivariate statistics. Our findings reveal that it is possible to establish MUs for seeding soybeans with different stands following the spatial variability of limiting soil nutrients according to the law of the minimum and thus increase the crop grain yield. Spatial variability of potassium (K) in the plot, identified as limiting, affected the spatial variability of grain yield. Decreasing plant stands in MUs with the lowest limitation level increases yield. However, increasing the stand in MUs with a higher limitation level can lead to increased intraspecific competition, affecting yield as well as increasing input costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Resistance in Soybean Against Infection by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Is Induced by a Phosphite of Nickel and Potassium.
- Author
-
Fontes, Bianca Apolônio, Silva, Leandro Castro, Picanço, Bárbara Bezerra Menezes, Barros, Aline Vieira, Leal, Isabela Maria Grossi, Quadros, Leonardo Packer, and Rodrigues, Fabrício Ávila
- Subjects
PHAKOPSORA pachyrhizi ,LEGUME farming ,SOYBEAN ,CHLOROPHYLL spectra ,PHOTOSYNTHETIC pigments ,PLANT pigments - Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is one of the most profitable crops among the legumes grown worldwide. The occurrence of rust epidemics, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, has greatly contributed to yield losses and an abusive use of fungicides. Within this context, this study investigated the potential of using a phosphite of nickel (Ni) and potassium (K) [referred to as induced resistance (IR) stimulus] to induce soybean resistance against infection by P. pachyrhizi. Plants were sprayed with water (control) or with IR stimulus and non-inoculated or inoculated with P. pachyrhizi. The germination of urediniospores was greatly reduced in vitro by 99% using IR stimulus rates ranging from 2 to 15 mL/L. Rust severity was significantly reduced from 68 to 78% from 7 to 15 days after inoculation (dai). The area under the disease progress curve significantly decreased by 74% for IR stimulus-sprayed plants compared to water-sprayed plants. For inoculated plants, foliar concentrations of K and Ni were significantly higher for IR stimulus treatment than for the control treatment. Infected and IR stimulus-sprayed plants had their photosynthetic apparatus (a great pool of photosynthetic pigments, and lower values for some chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters) preserved, associated with less cellular damage (lower concentrations of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and anion superoxide) and a greater production of phenolics and lignin than plants from the control treatment. In response to infection by P. pachyrhizi, defense-related genes (PAL2.1, PAL3.1, CHIB1, LOX7, PR-1A, PR10, ICS1, ICS2, JAR, ETR1, ACS, ACO, and OPR3) were up-regulated from 7 to 15 dai for IR stimulus-sprayed plants in contrast to plants from the control treatment. Collectively, these findings provide a global picture of the enhanced capacity of IR stimulus-sprayed plants to efficiently cope with fungal infection at both biochemical and physiological levels. The direct effect of this IR stimulus against urediniospores' germination over the leaf surface needs to be considered with the aim of reducing rust severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Genome-wide identification and tissue expression pattern analysis of TPS gene family in soybean (Glycine max).
- Author
-
Li, Huanli, Zhang, Xiaoling, Yang, Qinli, Shangguan, Xiaoxia, and Ma, Yanbin
- Subjects
GENE families ,GENE expression ,FLOWER development ,CHROMOSOME duplication ,PLANT growth - Abstract
The terpene synthase (TPS) plays a pivotal roles in plant growth, development, and enhancing resilience against environmental stresses. Despite this, the bioinformatics analysis of the TPS family gene in soybean (Glycine max) is lacking. In this study, we investigated 36 GmTPS members in soybean, exhibiting a diverse range of protein lengths, spanning from 144 to 835 amino acids. A phylogenetic tree was constructed from these GmTPS genes revealed a classification into five distinct subgroups: Group1, Group2, Group3, Group4 and Group5. Notably, within each subgroup, we identified the motifs of GmTPS proteins were similar, although variations existed among different subfamilies. Gene duplication events analysis demonstrated that TPS genes expand differently in G. max , A. thaliana and O. sativa. Among, both tandem duplication and Whole genome duplication contributive to the expansion of TPS genes in G. max , and Whole genome duplication played a major role. Moreover, the cis-element analysis suggested that TPS is related to hormone signals, plant growth and development and environmental stress. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay results indicated TPS protein may form heterodimer to function, or may form complex with P450 proteins to function. RNA-seq results revealed a higher expression of most GmTPS genes in flowers, suggesting their potential contribution to flower development. Collectively, these findings offer a provide a holistic knowledge of the TPS gene family in soybean and will facilitate further characterization of TPSs effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. GROWTH AND YIELD RESPONSES OF SOYBEAN (Glycine max L.) TO ZINC OXIDE (ZnO) NANOPARTICLES FOLIAR APPLICATION.
- Author
-
Michael, Fayomi Omotola, Olalekan, Olasan Joseph, Uzoma, Aguoru Celestine, and Sarah, Terhemba Mamnenge
- Subjects
- *
CROP yields , *SUSTAINABLE agriculture , *SUSTAINABILITY , *LEAF morphology , *AGRICULTURE - Abstract
Aim. This study was purposed to investigate the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on the growth and yield performance of two soybean (Glycine max L.) varieties, TGX1904-6F and TGX1951-3F, under controlled experimental conditions. Materials and methods. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized following standard protocols, and their effects were evaluated across five treatment levels (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 ppm) in a completely randomized design with five replicates. Growth parameters, including plant height, leaf morphology, stem diameter, and branch number, were assessed alongside phenological and yield traits such as days to flowering, flower production, pod metrics, and seed weights. The results revealed significant improvements in plant growth and yield metrics at intermediate ZnO NP concentrations, with enhancements observed in plant height, branch number, pod weight, and seed yield. Specifically, 60 ppm ZnO NP treatment resulted in the highest branch production, while 40 and 80 ppm treatments significantly promoted floral and pod development. Conversely, higher concentrations (100 ppm) exhibited inhibitory effects on plant height and leaf morphology, suggesting potential toxicity at elevated ZnO NP levels. Statistical analyses, including one-way ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation, confirmed significant treatment effects (P ≤ 0.05) on growth and yield parameters, highlighting the critical role of dose optimization. Conclusions. The findings underscore the potential of ZnO NPs as a novel agricultural supplement to enhance soybean productivity while emphasizing the need for balanced application to mitigate toxicity risks. This study contributes valuable insights into sustainable farming practices, leveraging nanotechnology to optimize crop performance and address global food security challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Increasing Soybean Resistance Against Rust Using a Product Containing Calcium and Nitrogen Complexed With Polyphenols.
- Author
-
Fontes, Bianca Apolônio, Silva, Leandro Castro, Silva, Bruno Nascimento, Lata‐Tenesaca, Luis Felipe, Brás, Verônica Vieira, and Rodrigues, Fabrício Ávila
- Subjects
- *
PHAKOPSORA pachyrhizi , *GLUTATHIONE reductase , *SUSTAINABLE agriculture , *REACTIVE oxygen species , *SOYBEAN diseases & pests , *SUPEROXIDES - Abstract
Among soybean diseases, rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, stands out as one of the most destructive. Resistance inducers may be a great alternative to reduce the yield losses caused by this disease from the perspective of more sustainable agriculture. In this study, soybean plants were sprayed with water (control) or with Cautha [referred to as induced resistance (IR) stimulus after that] and inoculated or non‐inoculated with P. pachyrhizi. The germination of urediniospores was significantly reduced by 22%, 26%, 19%, and 25% for the IR stimulus rates of 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mL/L, respectively. Rust severity was significantly reduced by 27%, 19%, 23%, 25%, and 41% at 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 days after inoculation, respectively, and the area under the disease progress curve significantly decreased by 27% for IR stimulus‐sprayed plants compared to water‐sprayed plants. For infected plants, foliar concentrations of Ca, N, chlorophyll a + b, and carotenoids were higher for IR‐stimulus sprayed plants than for water‐sprayed plants. Lower concentrations of malondialdehyde (less cellular damage) and reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion radical) along with great activities of antioxidative enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase) helped to reduce rust symptoms for IR‐stimulus sprayed plants. On top of that, these plants also showed greater foliar concentrations of total soluble phenols and lignin as well as increased activities of defence‐related enzymes (chitinase, β‐1,3‐glucanase, phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase, peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase, and lipoxygenase). These results strongly support the potential of using this IR stimulus to increase soybean resistance against infection by P. pachyrhizi and, at the same time, to act directly against the germination of the urediniospores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Characterisation of the Phenotypic Reaction of Brazilian Soybean Genotypes to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Under Controlled Conditions.
- Author
-
Borges, A. B., Huzar‐Novakowiski, J., Pasquali, M., and Baretta, D.
- Subjects
- *
SOYBEAN diseases & pests , *SCLEROTINIA sclerotiorum , *MYCOSES , *GENOTYPES , *PLANT diseases - Abstract
White mould is a disease caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and it is considered one of the most devastating diseases in soybean crops, causing huge losses in productivity. In this study, we aimed to contribute to the genetic control of this disease by characterising the phenotypic reaction of 67 Brazilian soybean genotypes to S. sclerotiorum under controlled conditions. Plants were artificially inoculated with mycelium discs when they reached the four‐node phenological stage. Symptoms of white mould developed in all soybean genotypes. The resistance reaction was characterised by measuring the length of lesions on the main stem at 7 days after inoculation. Of the 67 genotypes evaluated, nine showed greater resistance to S. sclerotiorum, including 17S‐01443‐L8, 16S‐00630‐L4, GER_00003, 13S‐00001‐L2/FPS 2457 RR, BMX Torque I2X, P95Y02 IPRO, 17S‐00842‐L5, HO Pirapó IPRO and TMG 2359 IPRO. Twenty‐three genotypes showed an intermediate response, while 35 genotypes showed greater susceptibility to S. sclerotiorum. Further studies should be conducted under field conditions with the soybean genotypes that showed greater resistance response to S. sclerotiorum under controlled conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Exploring Drought Responses in Mexican Soybeans: Plant Water Status, Shoot and Root Biomass, and Root System Architecture.
- Author
-
García‐Rodríguez, Julio C., Manzo‐Valencia, María K., Olalde‐Portugal, Víctor, and Valdés‐Rodríguez, Silvia E.
- Subjects
- *
DROUGHT tolerance , *PLANT-water relationships , *ROOT growth , *ABIOTIC stress , *BIOMASS - Abstract
Drought stress is the primary abiotic threat to soybean production. Drought tolerance mechanisms in Mexican soybeans have not yet been fully studied. We examined the responses of three Mexican soybean genotypes, with varying maturities, to progressive drought stress and recovery irrigation, regarding plant water status, biomass traits, root system architecture, and their relationships. Genotypes I1240, I700 (intermediate maturity), and E2309 (early maturity) were examined since they showed drought tolerance characteristics under field conditions in previous studies. Drought stress was applied at the R2 growth stage for 17 days, after that irrigation was restored. Control plants were irrigated normally throughout the study. Responses to severe drought stress were different depending on the genotype. Early genotype E2309 exhibited a wider root system and tolerated drought stress maintaining shoot biomass and root characteristics at a low plant water potential. Intermediate genotypes, I1240 and I700, avoided drought stress achieving a greater root system at a higher plant water potential. Due to drought, genotype I1240 showed a more prominent increase in root diameter; meanwhile, root biomass was not decreased in genotype I700. Genotype I700 displayed a longer root system with the highest root‐to‐shoot ratio and recovered root growth more efficiently after recovery irrigation. General effects also indicated a longer root system in this genotype. Therefore, it could be used as a genetic source to improve root traits to cope with drought. Morphological and biomass root traits are suitable for selecting drought stress–tolerant soybean genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Functional Characterisation of GmGASA1-like Gene in Glycine max (L.) Merr.: Overexpression Promotes Growth, Development and Stress Responses.
- Author
-
Khalifa, Mohamed A. S., Zhang, Qi, Du, Yeyao, Amin, Nooral, Dong, Baozhu, and Wang, Piwu
- Subjects
- *
ANIMAL nutrition , *GENE expression , *PLANT nutrition , *NUTRITION , *SOYBEAN industry - Abstract
The presence of Gibberellic Acid-Stimulated Arabidopsis, GASA, gene family has been reported in many important plants, playing roles in various aspects of plant biology but little has been uncovered in soybeans. Soybean is one of the major plants providing nutrition for humans and livestock globally. In this study, we overexpressed a novel GASA gene (GmGASA1-like) in Glycine max and conducted bioinformatic analyses, evaluated the T2 transgenic line in an open field, and applied major stressors along with the growth promoter GA3 to investigate the potential functions of the GmGASA1-like gene. The results of bioinformatics implied that the GmGASA1-like gene is regulated by GA3, and its protein has the potential to influence key processes of plant growth and development. The transgenic plants (JN74-OE) were significantly taller and had a larger canopy in the field trial at the R1-growth stage and demonstrated superiority in some seed quantity and quality traits after harvesting. Under abiotic stresses (including cold, heat, and drought) and spraying of GA3, the level of GmGASA1-like gene expression in JN74-OE exceeded the levels measured before the treatments. Notably, the highest expression level was observed during the drought stress treatment. Photosynthesis pigments levels in both the overexpressed lines and the control group showed no significant differences. In summary, this study sheds light on the multifaceted roles of the GmGASA1-like gene, impacting soybean plant architecture, seed traits, and stress responses. Ultimately, this research paves the way for a more productive and sustainable soybean industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Influence of Rhododendron arboreum Sm. leaf and bark aqueous extract on germination and growth of Eleusine coracana L., Echinochloa frumentacea Link, Glycine max L. and Vigna umbellata Thunb.
- Author
-
Rana, Kuldeep, Dhanai, C. S., and Negi, Ankita
- Subjects
- *
RAGI , *SOYBEAN , *ROOT development , *ROOT growth , *AGRICULTURE , *RHODODENDRONS - Abstract
This study determined the allelopathic potential of Rhododendron arboreum Sm. on the germination and growth of 4-crops (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn., Echinochloa frumentacea Link, Glycine max (L.) Merr. and Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi) of Garhwal Himalaya. Both in-vitro and pot culture bioassays were conducted to evaluate the impact of leaf and bark aqueous extracts (2 %, 5 % and 10 %) on germination (%), mean germination time (MGT), germination index (GI), and root and shoot growth of test crops. The crop species had significant and variable impacts on germination and growth parameters in both in-vitro and pot-culture bioassays. In contrast, extract types greatly influenced these parameters under in-vitro conditions than in pot culture. Under in-vitro conditions, leaf extracts significantly inhibited the germination and seedling development of Eleusine coracana and Glycine max, with reductions in radicle and plumule length. Bark extracts exhibited both inhibitory as well as stimulatory effect on germination and growth. In pot culture, both extract types elicited variable germination responses in all crops. Stimulatory effects on root and shoot growth were observed in V. umbellata and E. frumentacea. E. coracana showed inhibition in shoot growth but stimulation in root growth, while in G. max root and shoot development was inhibited. The allelopathic effects of R. arboreum extracts both inhibited and stimulated crop growth depending on extract concentration and crop type. R. arboreum longer-term interactions enhanced the growth of V. umbellata and E. frumentacea. Further research is needed to identify the specific allelochemicals involved and their mechanisms of action and to explore the broader ecological and agricultural implications of these interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Soybean inoculation with Azospirillum argentinense improves nodulation, grain yield, and alleviates the incidence of Fusarium at field with drought stress.
- Author
-
Martínez, Cristina V., González, Victoria, Ploper, L. Daniel, and Pedraza, Raúl O.
- Subjects
- *
AGRICULTURAL productivity , *BIOTECHNOLOGY , *AGRICULTURE , *PHYTOPATHOGENIC fungi , *GRAIN yields , *ROOT rots - Abstract
The efficacy of Azospirillum argentinense REC3, applied by seed inoculation, in enhancing soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) nodulation with native rhizobia, improving grain yield, and protecting against Fusarium fungi was studied. In La Cruz, Tucumán, Argentina, 23 fungal isolates were identified as F. oxysporum (2 strains), F. solani (2), and F. tucumaniae (19). Following soil infestation, only F. tucumaniae was confirmed as a phytopathogen, with REC3 inhibiting its mycelial growth. Greenhouse trials, for a duration of 30 days, showed significant reductions in disease severity (78.2%), root rot (32.3%), and disease incidence (50.9%) in plants susceptible to sudden death syndrome (SDS) when REC3 was applied. Field experiments (2018–2019; January-April) under drought stress conditions, displayed increased nodulation (37.2%) and grain yield (2077 ± 272.8 kg ha−1, p < 0.05) in REC3-treated plants compared to controls (1516 ± 272.8 kg ha−1, p < 0.05). Additionally, a low disease incidence (0.90%) was observed only in the SDS-susceptible soybean variety without REC3 treatment. Overall, the findings showed the significant potential of REC3 inoculation as a biotechnological strategy for enhancing agricultural productivity, managing diseases, and improving crop resilience under challenging environmental conditions. This integrated approach, combining the use of a partially SDS-resistant soybean variety with REC3 inoculation, showed promise in protecting soybean cultivation against SDS and other fungal diseases, thereby ensuring more sustainable and resilient agricultural practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Artificial neural networks as a tool for seasonal forecast of attack intensity of Spodoptera spp. in Bt soybean.
- Author
-
de França, Luciano Cardoso, Pereira, Poliana Silvestre, Sarmento, Renato Almeida, Barreto, Alice Barbutti, da Silva Paes, Jhersyka, do Carmo, Daiane das Graças, de Souza, Hugo Daniel Dias, and Picanço, Marcelo Coutinho more...
- Subjects
- *
ARTIFICIAL neural networks , *SOYBEAN diseases & pests , *SOYBEAN , *INTEGRATED pest control , *SPODOPTERA - Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) is the world's most cultivated legume; currently, most of its varieties are Bt. Spodoptera spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are important pests of soybean. An artificial neural network (ANN) is an artificial intelligence tool that can be used in the study of spatiotemporal dynamics of pest populations. Thus, this work aims to determine ANN to identify population regulation factors of Spodoptera spp. and predict its density in Bt soybean. For two years, the density of Spodoptera spp. caterpillars, predators, and parasitoids, climate data, and plant age was evaluated in commercial soybean fields. The selected ANN was the one with the weather data from 25 days before the pest's density evaluation. ANN forecasting and pest densities in soybean fields presented a correlation of 0.863. It was found that higher densities of the pest occurred in dry seasons, with less wind, higher atmospheric pressure and with increasing plant age. Pest density increased with the increase in temperature until this curve reached its maximum value. ANN forecasting and pest densities in soybean fields in different years, seasons, and stages of plant development were similar. Therefore, this ANN is promising to be implemented into integrated pest management programs in soybean fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Inoculative releases of Telenomus podisi Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) for management of the stink bug complex in soybean crops.
- Author
-
Ribeiro, Leandro do Prado, Frassini, Gabriel, Nesi, Cristiano Nunes, and Rakes, Matheus
- Abstract
The complex of phytophagous stink bugs is responsible for considerable reductions in the yield potential of soybean crops. Insecticides are usually used for the management of these pests; however, the egg parasitoid Telenomus podisi Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) has become a promising alternative due to its mass production and commercialization in Brazil. This study evaluated the efficacy of inoculative releases of T. podisi prior to the crop critical period of stink bug attack. The experiments were carried out in the field during the 2019/20 and 2020/21 crop years, using a drone for parasitoid releases. The combined analysis of both crop years showed the potential replacement of chemical control with biological control with T. podisi in the initial applications. This change did not significantly affect crop yield, thousand-seed weight (TSW), and seed physiological quality assessed in germination and tetrazolium tests. In addition, the treatment with the first application performed with the parasitoid release, followed by two applications of synthetic insecticides (applied fortnightly), showed no significant differences in the number of stink bugs captured in a vertical beating cloth when compared to the farmer’s pattern (three insecticide applications). Moreover, abundance of generalist predators was higher in the control (without application) and in the treatment constituted by two T. podisi releases. Thus, inoculative releases of T. podisi prior to the critical crop period constitute a promising management alternative for the stink bug complex in soybean crops, contributing to the stability and sustainability of the production system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Winter Cover Cropping in Sustainable Production Systems: Effects on Soybean and Synergistic Implications for Rhizosphere Microorganisms.
- Author
-
Vasiljević, Marjana, Šeremešić, Srđan, Miljaković, Dragana, Đorđević, Vuk, Marinković, Jelena, Vojnov, Bojan, and Aćin, Vladimir
- Subjects
ORGANIC farming ,AGROBIODIVERSITY ,CROP yields ,SUSTAINABILITY ,CROP rotation ,COVER crops - Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of winter cover crops (CCs) on soybean agronomic performance and their implications for different physiological groups of rhizosphere microorganisms in two sustainable production systems. The production techniques for rye, peas, and oats are well known, but their suitability as CCs for soybean (organic and low-input) production needs to be examined. After two years of trials, soybean yields among the two tested winter CCs (peas and oats (P + O) and rye (R)) were statistically significant only for P + O. The soybean yield in succession to P + O as winter CCs was 3.0 t ha
−1 , whereas in succession to R, it was 2.7 t ha−1 , and in the control plot, it was 2.6 t ha−1 . The average soybean grain protein content was in the range of 40 to 41% dry matter (DM), while the oil content ranged from 20 to 22% DM. Protein and oil content primarily depends on the selected soybean variety and it is confirmed through this study that, in the studied system, we can obtain adequate grain nutritional quality. The results indicate an increase in the abundance of total bacteria, ammonifiers, and free N2 -fixing bacteria in the rhizosphere, depending on the selected CCs, and differences between the tested production systems. According to this study, winter cover crops (CCs), including peas and oats (P + O) and rye (R), can be included in crop rotation for soybean. CCs can be the answer to agro-biodiversity empowerment in less diverse soybean cropping systems, along with other benefits that CCs can provide at the level of crop rotation. In addition, in almost all aspects of the study, organic production was ahead of low input. Low input is an adequate production system if there are no opportunities for organic certification and for producers who are aware of the advantages of sustainable systems, and it can also represent a transitional path towards regenerative agriculture or organic production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. The WRKY Family Transcription Factor GmWRKY72 Represses Glyceollin Phytoalexin Biosynthesis in Soybean.
- Author
-
Lin, Jie, Monsalvo, Ivan, Kwon, Hyejung, Pullano, Sarah, and Kovinich, Nik
- Subjects
TRANSCRIPTION factors ,GREEN fluorescent protein ,RNA interference ,SMALL interfering RNA ,GENE expression - Abstract
Phytoalexins are plant defense metabolites that are biosynthesized transiently in response to pathogens. Despite that their biosynthesis is highly restricted in plant tissues, the transcription factors that negatively regulate phytoalexin biosynthesis remain largely unknown. Glyceollins are isoflavonoid-derived phytoalexins that have critical roles in protecting soybean crops from the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora sojae. To identify regulators of glyceollin biosynthesis, we used a transcriptomics approach to search for transcription factors that are co-expressed with glyceollin biosynthesis in soybean and stilbene synthase phytoalexin genes in grapevine. We identified and functionally characterized the WRKY family protein GmWRKY72, which is one of four WRKY72-type transcription factors of soybean. Overexpressing and RNA interference silencing of GmWRKY72 in the soybean hairy root system decreased and increased expression of glyceollin biosynthetic genes and metabolites, respectively, in response to wall glucan elicitor from P. sojae. A translational fusion with green fluorescent protein demonstrated that GFP-GmWRKY72 localizes mainly to the nucleus of soybean cells. The GmWRKY72 protein directly interacts with several glyceollin biosynthetic gene promoters and the glyceollin transcription factor proteins GmNAC42-1 and GmMYB29A1 in yeast hybrid systems. The results show that GmWRKY72 is a negative regulator of glyceollin biosynthesis that may repress biosynthetic gene expression by interacting with transcription factor proteins and the DNA of glyceollin biosynthetic genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Seedborne Fungal Detection Differs with Seed Assay Method, and Fungal Diversity and Abundance Are Impacted by Fungicide Treatment, Harvest Timing, and Storage Environment
- Author
-
Jean Carlson Batzer, Amin Shirazi, Daniel Gill, Evelyn Platner-Heidt, Karl Nicolaus, Alex Bray, Karthika Mohan, Febina M. Mathew, and Daren S. Mueller
- Subjects
assessment method ,Glycine max ,logistic regression ,microbial communities ,molecular identification ,quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Previous studies have shown that foliar fungicides increase the abundance of Diaporthe spp. in mature soybean seeds, thereby reducing seed quality and potentially increasing seedling, stem, and pod disease in subsequent plantings. To mitigate this, we examined a fungicide containing mefentrifluconazole, fluxapyroxad, and pyraclostrobin applied during the R3 growth stage. We compared the seedborne fungal community from soybeans harvested at full maturity and 2 to 3 weeks later to assess fungal colonization. Six trials were conducted in Iowa and South Dakota in 2021 and 2022. Asymptomatic, recently harvested seed was assayed using either an agar-plate or a seed-blotter test, and the results were compared. The agar-plate method involved disinfesting seeds in sodium hypochlorite and ethanol and then transferring them to acidified water agar plates. Fungal isolates were identified using morphology and DNA sequences. This method detected 562 fungal isolates from 25 species and 14 genera. Dry conditions reduced seed infection, but a 2-week delay in harvest increased the likelihood of Alternaria and Cercospora infection in nontreated controls. The seed-blotter test involved disinfesting seeds, placing them on blotter paper, and incubating them. This assay detected higher numbers of fungal infected seed, with Aspergillus as the dominant genus. Storage conditions significantly impacted fungal presence, with more Aspergillus in seeds stored in a shed than in the cooler. Both assay methods showed that the fungicide treatment reduced the number of seeds infected with Alternaria, Cercospora, and Aspergillus. [Figure: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Gene editing and overexpression of soybean miR396a reveals its role in salinity tolerance and development
- Author
-
Xiangqian Chen, Xuemin Jiang, Xianjun Sun, Zheng Hu, Fei Gao, Xiuping Wang, Hui Zhang, Rui Chen, and Qiyan Jiang
- Subjects
Glycine max ,Gm-miR396a ,Salt stress ,CRISPR/Cas9 ,Agriculture ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are versatile regulators of gene expression at both the transcription and post-transcription levels. The microRNA miR396 plays vital roles in growth, development, and resistance to abiotic stresses in many plant species. However, the roles and functions of miR396 in soybeans are not well understood. Here, we report that Gm-miR396a influences soybean development and salinity tolerance. We found that soybean miR396a was responsive to salt stress. Gm-miR396a gene-edited lines (miR396a-GEs), created using CRISPR/Cas9, exhibited more branches, higher grain yields, and greater salinity tolerance than control plants. The transcripts in lines with altered abundance of miR396a-GE were significantly enriched for biological processes related to hormone regulation. Overexpression of the Gm-miR396a precursor (pre-miR396a-OE) resulted in developmental deficiencies including dwarfness, abnormal inflorescences and flowers, smaller and fewer seeds, and small leaves with larger and more numerous stomata. Transcriptome analysis indicated photosynthesis-related genes were downregulated in pre-miR396a-OE plants. These results contribute valuable insights into the function of Gm-miR396a in soybeans and hold promise for enhancing soybean yield and salinity tolerance through germplasm innovation. more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. GROWTH AND YIELD RESPONSES OF SOYBEAN (Glycine max L.) TO ZINC OXIDE (ZnO) NANOPARTICLES FOLIAR APPLICATION
- Author
-
Fayomi Omotola Michael, Olasan Joseph Olalekan, Aguoru Celestine Uzoma, and Terhemba Mamnenge Sarah
- Subjects
zinc oxide nanoparticles ,soybean ,glycine max ,growth ,yield ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
Aim. This study was purposed to investigate the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on the growth and yield performance of two soybean (Glycine max L.) varieties, TGX1904-6F and TGX1951-3F, under controlled experimental conditions. Methods. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized following standard protocols, and their effects were evaluated across five treatment levels (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 ppm) in a completely randomized design with five replicates. Growth parameters, including plant height, leaf morphology, stem diameter, and branch number, were assessed alongside phenological and yield traits such as days to flowering, flower production, pod metrics, and seed weights. The results revealed significant improvements in plant growth and yield metrics at intermediate ZnO NP concentrations, with enhancements observed in plant height, branch number, pod weight, and seed yield. Specifically, 60 ppm ZnO NP treatment resulted in the highest branch production, while 40 and 80 ppm treatments significantly promoted floral and pod development. Conversely, higher concentrations (100 ppm) exhibited inhibitory effects on plant height and leaf morphology, suggesting potential toxicity at elevated ZnO NP levels. Statistical analyses, including one-way ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation, confirmed significant treatment effects (P ≤ 0.05) on growth and yield parameters, highlighting the critical role of dose optimization. Conclusions. The findings underscore the potential of ZnO NPs as a novel agricultural supplement to enhance soybean productivity while emphasizing the need for balanced application to mitigate toxicity risks. This study contributes valuable insights into sustainable farming practices, leveraging nanotechnology to optimize crop performance and address global food security challenges. more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Strategy for early selection for grain yield in soybean using BLUPIS
- Author
-
Andreia Schuster, Felipe Lopes da Silva, João Amaro Ferreira Vieira Netto, Emanuel Ferrari do Nascimento, Paulo Eduardo Teodoro, and Leonardo Lopes Bhering
- Subjects
Glycine max ,Plant breeding ,Individual selection ,F3 generation ,Divided plot ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Abstract In soybean breeding programs, a great deal of time is devoted to the use of methods that perform selection of individual plants during the initial generations. Our hypothesis is that BLUPIS (simulated individual BLUP) can be efficient when applied in the initial stages of soybean breeding programs. This study aimed to explore the potential of BLUPIS in the early generations of a soybean breeding program, as well as to assess the viability of the strategy of dividing the useful area of experimental plots for estimating genotypic effects and plant selection. The experiment involved 84 segregating populations and 15 soybean parents in the F2 and F3 generations. Yield data was collected from the 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 cropping seasons. In the F2 generation, different data exploration methods were applied to determine the most suitable adaptation to be used in the F3 generation. The individual BLUP (BLUPI) was compared with BLUPIS using information from different replications and/or equal to the information used in BLUPI. The selection conducted by BLUPIS and BLUPI showed high concordance regarding the selected plants. In the F3 generation, segregating populations were selected based on positive genotypic effects, and individual plants within these populations were further selected according to the number of plants determined by BLUPIS. The division of the plot area was an efficient strategy for selecting segregating populations and individual plants within superior populations in the F3 generation, resulting in genetic gains of approximately 1.56 g per plant. When combined with the strategy of advancing generations in the off-season, the BLUPIS approach reduces the time required to achieve a high level of homozygosity. Therefore, BLUPIS proved to be a powerful statistical tool for early selection based on grain yield in soybeans. more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Introduction of barnase/barstar in soybean produces a rescuable male sterility system for hybrid breeding.
- Author
-
Szeluga, Nicole, Baldrich, Patricia, DelPercio, Ryan, Meyers, Blake, and Frank, Margaret
- Subjects
Glycine max ,barnase ,barstar ,hybrid breeding ,male sterility ,soybean ,Male ,Humans ,Plants ,Genetically Modified ,Glycine max ,Plant Breeding ,Bacterial Proteins ,Ribonucleases ,Infertility ,Male - Abstract
Hybrid breeding for increased vigour has been used for over a century to boost agricultural outputs without requiring higher inputs. While this approach has led to some of the most substantial gains in crop productivity, breeding barriers have fundamentally limited soybean (Glycine max) from reaping the benefits of hybrid vigour. Soybean flowers self-pollinate prior to opening and thus are not readily amenable to outcrossing. In this study, we demonstrate that the barnase/barstar male sterility/rescue system can be used in soybean to produce hybrid seeds. By expressing the cytotoxic ribonuclease, barnase, under a tapetum-specific promoter in soybean anthers, we are able to completely block pollen maturation, creating male sterile plants. We show that fertility can be rescued in the F1 generation of these barnase-expressing lines when they are crossed with pollen from plants that express the barnase inhibitor, barstar. Importantly, we found that the successful rescue of male fertility is dependent on the relative dosage of barnase and barstar. When barnase and barstar were expressed under the same tapetum-specific promoter, the F1 offspring remained male sterile. When we expressed barstar under a relatively stronger promoter than barnase, we were able to achieve a successful rescue of male fertility in the F1 generation. This work demonstrates the successful implementation of a biotechnology approach to produce fertile hybrid offspring in soybean. more...
- Published
- 2023
49. Effect of seeding speed and graphite lubricant on soybean plantability.
- Author
-
Mota, Marcelo C. and de Lima, Oséias N.
- Subjects
PLANT spacing ,CROPS ,SEED treatment ,CROP yields ,SOLID lubricants - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2025
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Impact of on-farm and industrial treatments on seed longitudinal distribution for soybeans.
- Author
-
Gracietti, Eduardo A., Jasper, Samir P., Zimmermann, Gabriel G., de Mendonça, William S., and Jung, Eduardo A.
- Subjects
SOYBEAN ,OPTICAL sensors ,GRAPHITE ,SEEDS ,SOWING - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2025
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.